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2023年中考英语热点时文阅读14 新发明与创造

2023年中考英语新热点时文阅读-新发明与创造01（2022·全国·九年级课时练习）In ancient times, the Four Great Inventions in China had a great influence on the whole world. In recent years, China once again has ____1____ its ability to change the world with its “four great new inventions”: high-speed railways, mobile payment, bike-sharing and online shopping.Do you know ____2____ the new inventions can appear in China? The “four great new inventions” are ____3____ related to China’s high-tech innovation (创新). For example, the operating mode of bike-sharing is based ____4____ the satellite navigation system (卫星导航系统), mobile payment, big data and other high technologies. This shows that China’s high-tech innovation has greatly ____5____ the quality of people’s lives.China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amount of ____6____ that China has spent encouraging innovation. China is beginning to ____7____ in innovation in some ways.“The ‘four great new inventions’ have surely improved customer experience, and helped national and global(全球的) economy ____8____ at the same time,” said Charlie Dai, principal analyst (首席分析师) of an American market research company.As a whole, all the Chinese are ____9____ of their four new inventions. It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying western ideas. More and more foreigners ____10____ to promote(促进) economic development in their countries by learning from China’s innovation.1．A．seemed B．appeared C．looked D．showed2．A．when B．what C．why D．where3．A．all B．both C．neither D．none4．A．in B．on C．to D．from5．A．improved B．finished C．invented D．wasted6．A．people B．water C．electricity D．money7．A．try B．lead C．win D．value8．A．develop B．warn C．mean D．live9．A．proud B．tired C．bored D．satisfied10．A．afford B．repeat C．hope D．wait02（2022·江西九江·二模）Sitting for longer than four hours a day increases a person’s chance of suffering （患）illness.Benoit Maltaone, a designer （设计者）from France, discovered that office workers spent about 70 percent of the day sitting down. To solve the problem caused by it in modern working life, he came up with a great idea— the two-legged chair, which is to encourage the user to move at his or her desk.The chair just has two legs and needs the user to balance （平衡）it. Although it looks dangerous, it can stop people from felling while using it. But the chair is a little uncomfortable, as the user has to keep it balanced. It is also good for other parts of the body, just like an exercise ball（姿势）._________ Most people don’t get much exercise during the day. People watch a lot of TV and work on computers. Many people suffer from spine （脊椎）problems. Companies are coming up with new products in our houses to make our lives easier. But trying to offer people an easier life causes lots of health problems.According to Benoit, the design is not about making money in the furniture （家具）market. It is to provide a product which tries to encourage people to move their whole body. The practice of this special chair can make people change their bad habits. It will encourage people to try to be more active. 11．What does the underlined word “it” refer to?A．The two-legged chair.B．Moving at his or her desk.C．Sitting for too long.D．The great idea.12．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “ ________” in Paragraph 4.A．Sitting long is so common now.B．Doing sports is so popular now.C．Working environment is so hard now.D．Keeping healthy is so cool now.13．What’s the purpose of this passage?A．To tell people how to keep away from sitting too long.B．To tell people how to stay away from health problems.C．To explain why people suffer from illness now.D．To show a two-legged chair designed to make people healthier.03（2022·浙江·松阳县教育局教研室一模）There are many TV cook shows where you wish you could reach through your screen and taste the delicious recipes yourself.Now, Japanese scientists have taken a huge step towards making that a reality, with the development of a lickable TV screen.The device is called Taste the TV (TTTV) and contains 10 taste cans that can spray taste samples onto the surface of the screen. The different tastes in the cans can then mix to create tastes similar to those being shown on screen, for example, coffee or pizza.It is an experimental technology, produced by Meiji University in Tokyo, Japan, with its developers expecting a commercial version to cost about £650.Japanese professor Miyashita and 30 students have developed all kinds of taste types. In his version the 10 taste cans spray a mixture of samples on to a roll of hygienic (卫生的) film that is placed over a flat TV-screen.“During the COVID-19, this kind of technology can improve the way people connect and communicate with the outside world,” said Miyashita.“The goal is to make it possible for people to have the experience of something like eating at a restauranton the other side of the world, even while at home,” he said.Miyashita has also been in talks with companies about using his spray technology for applications like a device that can apply a pizza or chocolate taste to a piece of toasted bread.14．The passage tells us the invention of _________.A．tasty cans B．TV cook showsC．a film technology D．a lickable TV screen15．Paragraph 3 talks about_________.A．what the device includes B．how the device worksC．what the device is called D．why the device is invented16．The writer uses what Miyashita says to express the _________ of the invention.A．ways B．purpose C．conditions D．importance17．From the passage, we know that the device is _________.A．widely used now B．popular with the JapaneseC．still in experiment D．liked by restaurant owners04（2022·湖北·武汉外国语学校（武汉实验外国语学校）模拟预测）Malaria (疟疾) has been a deadly problem for humans since ancient times. Usually, people get malaria when infected mosquitoes bite them. Countless people have died from it. Chinese scientist Tu Youyou found an effective drug called qinghaosu (青蒿素).This year marks the 50th anniversary of Tu’s discovery. In 1969, Tu became the director of a national project to develop a drug against malaria. Her team took a unique approach. They went back to books about classical Chinese medicine. After reading more than 2, 000 old remedies (药方), Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and listed almost 380 possible remedies for malaria.One remedy, which is 1, 600 years old, uses the sweet wormwood (青蒿) plant to treat malaria. Tu found it effective and tried to extract (提取) the qinghaosu from it in order to make drugs. The extraction failed at first, so Tu returned to the classical books again and finally found a way. She used a low-temperature method to extract the qinghaosu and succeeded in 1972.After her team showed that qinghaosu could treat malaria in mice and monkeys, Tu and two of her colleagues volunteered to test the drug on themselves before testing on human patients. It turned out thatqinghaosu was safe. All patients in the tests recovered. Gradually, qinghaosu became the first-line treatment for malaria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), saving millions of lives in China and other countries throughout the world.In 2015, when Tu was awarded with the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine, she refused to take all of the credit (荣誉). Instead, she praised her colleagues and Chinese traditional medicine. She once proudly said, “Every scientist dreams of doing something that can help the world.”18．According to the passage, to find an effective drug called qinghaosu is ________.A．impossible B．uneasy C．unexpected D．complicated19．What do we know about the “qinghaosu”?A．It is extracted from the sweet wormwood plant at room-temperature.B．TuYouyou and her team spent three years finding it out.C．Tu and all her teammates volunteered to test it on themselves.D．It has saved millions of lives around the world.20．The underlined word “approach” in paragraph 2 probably means ________.A．idea B．way C．discussion D．drug21．We can find that Tu Youyou ________.A．took all the credit by herself B．did a lot and never gave upC．succeeded in curing malaria by accident D．won the Nobel Prize shortly after the success 22．We can infer that the writer’s writing purpose is to ________.A．praise traditional solution in China B．encourage young people to learn medicineC．show how the qinghaosu treats malaria D．make Chinese old remedies more popular05Liu Jichen, a student from Tsinghua University, has developed a WeChat mini-program called “Clear Plate”. ___23___ a meal, users can open the mini-program and take a photo of their ___24___ plates. Once the image is checked by the AI, users can collect points and use them to buy gifts or meals for children in poor ___25___ .“Technology is a good way to ___26___the problem of food waste,” Liu thought. He organised a team of twenty members to work on the project. In order to improve the mini-program, the team ___27___ half a year collecting over 100,000 photos in school dining halls and restaurants.In 2018, the mini-program wasput into use. Soon, it became one of ___28___ most popular mini-programs in universities across China.Meanwhile, Liu and his team, together ___29___ other organizations, started the “Clear Your Plate” campaign in November in the third year of his university. Almost 1.6 million college students were attracted and food waste was ___30___by 862 tons. “Through the campaign, we hope to encourage ___31___ to take action against food waste,” he said.Thanks to his great efforts, Liu stood out _____32_____ more than 7,600 people around the world and was rewarded one of the Young Leaders for the SDGs （可持续发展目标）by the UN.参考答案：1．D2．C3．A4．B5．A6．D7．B8．A9．A10．C【导语】本文主要讲述“新中国四大发明”：高铁，电子支付，共享单车和网上购物。

湖南省长沙市雅礼集团2024年上学期九年级期中检测英语试卷

2024年上学期九年级期中检测试卷英语科目命题人：沈若兰翟磊审题人:张婷考生注意：本试题卷共4个部分，61道小题，满分100分，时量100分钟。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话读两遍。

1.How will the man go to Changsha?A.By plane.B.By train.C.By bus.2.How was the man’s weekend in the countryside?A.Boring.B.Wonderful.C.Disappointing.3.What did the boy do yesterday?A.He watched TV.B.He cleaned the room.C.He read books.4.What color does the girl’s father like best?A.Red.B.Purple.C.Green.5.How many foreign languages can Anna speak?A.2.B.3.C.4.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面6段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5听第六段材料，回答第6、76.What is the possible relation between the two speakers?A.Good friends.B.Mother and son.C.Teacher and student.7.What does Bob need?A.A ruler.B.A pencil box.C.English books.听第七段材料，回答第8、9小题。

2024届浙江台州一模英语试题

2024届台州市高三第一次教学质量评估英语试题命题：舒丽萍(玉环中学) 阮佳慧(台州市路桥中学) 审题：王若尘(天台县教学研究室) 第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.1.Why was the man late for work?A.He was stuck in traffic.B.He had a traffic accident.C.His car broke down on the road.2.Where is the woman probably from?A.Peru.B.Britain.C.Mexico.3.What is the man doing?A.Placing an order.plaining about an item.C.Inquiring about a delivery service.4.What do we know about Jim?A.He has a leg injury.B.He withdrew from the football team.C.He spent his holiday with his teammates.5.Who might Lily be?A.The woman's babysitter.B.The woman's boss.C.The woman's child.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

Unit_10_Hollywood

Unit 10 HollywoodDictationIt’s that time of the year again, / when the entertainment world gets excited about the Oscars / and the madness that surrounds Hollywood’s biggest night of the year. / Everybody has an opinion / on which film should take home the Best Picture prize / and who should walk away with the statuette for Best Actor and Best Actress. / But it’s only after the ceremony is over / that the real analysis begins. / People commented on the acceptance speeches, rate the host on his or her performance, / and examine each and every attendee closely, / from their hairstyle right down to their socks. Phonetics1.Correct pronunciation and stressA.1)yacht2)debt3)reinB.1)i\deal2)studio3)a\ppealC.1)Lu\xurious2)Million\naire3)Co\lossal4)advertise5)symphony6)orchestraD.1)un\scrupulous2)inte\llectual3)amphi\theater2.liaisonPre-reading questions1.Hollywood movies / movies stars-Its simple but well-organized story. Attention-catching beginning, then a fantastic, quick-pace development; and almost perfect eding-Stallone-Schwarzenegger-Leonado DicaprioReading for Comprehension of the Text1.Read aloud the text and fulfill “Text Comprehension”i.The author’s purpose of writing is to brief Hollywood’s yesterday and today.ii.T / Fiii.Questionsiv.Sentence paraphrasing2.V ocabularyi.Explaining words or phrases in sentences in your own wordsplete the sentences with the given words or phrases in their appropriate formReading to learn about the rhetoric mode of writing1.Text Analysis-Hollywood, a place where the young star-struck teenagers could, with a bit of luck, fulfill their dreams; a name which will always be associated withmotion picture-making-Development by the deductive method (para.3-9)1)Hollywood like a magnet (para.3)2)The studio chiefs / the stars (para.4)3)Advertising turning starlets into superstars (para.5)4)Stars /typecast (para.6)5)Hollywood / the world’s motion picture industry / television networks /American TV entertainment (para.7)6)Hollywood / the glamour of the past (para.8)7)Hollywood movies shown again and again (para.9)2.Linguistic Features1)The strategy of general-specific✧(para.1) An overview of Hollywood (by a contrast: glamour, luxurioushouses with vast palm-fringed swimming pools; cocktail bars andfurnishings; yachts, Rolls Royces and diamonds / emptiness; colossaldebts)✧(para.2) A very general, brief introduction of the development ofHollywood✧(para.3-9) point-to-point deductive method / aspect-to-aspectinterweaved introductionReading for language-improving1.Grammar: Negative form and meaning✧not1)The fact is that no matter how nicely we dress, how beautifully we decorateour homes, or how lovely our dinner parties are, we can’t be truly stylishwithout good manners.2)... but I didn’t want to let another day go by without telling you how much Ienjoyed your party.3)The quite shocking slovenliness and vulgarity of much of the spoken English,as well as not a little of the written English, which one hears and sees, provesbeyond peradventure that years of attendance upon schools and colleges thatare thought to be respectable have produced no impression.A.Never1)I had never seen him cry before.2)Suddenly, and truly, I knew what he had meant about never saying goodbye— about refusing to give in to the sadness.3)I see such a difference in New York City, for example, from when I firstmoved here more than 20 years ago: people rushing into elevators without giving those inside a chance to get off first, never saying “Thank you.” when others hold a door open for them, or “Please.” when they want a coworker to hand them something, never giving a wave or nod o appreciation when another motorist lets them pull out into traffic.4)Of course I never paid attention to this drill, always figuring that if we evergot to the point where we needed to use life jackets, I would have already died of terror.5)Some, of course, may never come true.6)I never thought that anything could happen to me or my friends.7)When he came over I saw a seriousness in him that I had never seen before.8)I have never felt so powerless in my whole life.9)Boys are determine d that they can never understand “sentimentality.”10)This indeed saves them a lot of trouble, but they become two parallels,always apart, never meet.11)I had never seen the address and didn’t know for sure if they had a web site,but it seemed like a good guess...12)Blind from birth, I have never had the opportunity to see myself and havebeen completely dependent on the image I create in the eye of the observer.13)Everyone, it seems, provided, of course, they can afford to do so, need neverbe out of touch.14)Those things never die, nor does the memory of a man who never stoppedbeing my valentine.15)If my father knew then that he had been replaced, he never let it show.16)Never in ten years was my father’s package late nor was it on the Valentine’sDay eight years ago when I reached into the mailbox to find a card addressed to me in my mother’s handwriting.B.no1)There was no use in hiding it;2)This gave him the feeling that there was no more hope left, and that he wasgoing to die.3)It hasn’t been a year yet, but I have don e so much since then that I am nolonger that carefree teenager.4)If a boy enjoys sewing, I see no reason why he should be barred from needlesand thread.5)Girls persuade themselves that they have no head for mechanical things.6)May I venture to suggest that one day when male and female is areproductive category only, but no longer central to our identity and to the understanding of ourselves and others.7)Most of them had only their good looks to recommend them and had noacting experience.8)No country in the world has developed so expertly the skill of advertising asthe Americans9)There was no in-between.10)When there are no words in another language for what you want to say, youmake adjustments and try to approximate.11)It was the kind of card that put a lump in your throat and tears in your eyesbecause you knew the person no longer was able to go out and buy a realvalentine.C.little1)They have little chance to communicate and hold a distorted image of eachother.2)There was little arguing, “you’re the perfect dumb blond, baby, and that’show you’re going to stay,” they would say.3)They will do very little to develop their inner value and personal growth4)There is little difference between red glass and rubies to a child of six.D.without1)It is an integrated community where students are instructed withoutdistinction of sex.2)... he pointed without looking because he was busy reading.3)It is plain that one may gain no inconsiderable body of learning in somespecial field o knowledge without at the same time acquiring those habitsand traits which are the marks of an educated gentleman.4)It will take you forward into the 21st century without having to check yourtracks in a rearview mirror.2.V ocabularyA.Noun phrases1) a few of them2)most of the famous motion picture corporations of those days3)most of them4)many of the girls5)one of the few6)the skill of advertising7)the part of a lover8)the same kind of role9)the heart of the world’s motion picture industry10)any part of the world11)about 80% of all American TV entertainment12)many of the famous and wealthy peopleB.Verb phrases1)fit for: suitable and right, usu. According to accepted social standards2)hold on a tight rein: be firmly controlled3)build up: acquire, develop, increase or strengthen sth. gradually4)get one’s own way: do what they want to, even though someone elsewants sth. different5)appeal to: make an earnest request; be attractive or interesting to6)play the part of: role played by an actor in a play, film, etc.7)interfere in: concern oneself with or take action affecting sb. else’saffairs without the right to do so or being invited to do so.8)be associated with: be joined together or connected in one’s mind withC. adv.1)suddenly: quickly and unexpectedly2)occasionally: now and then; at times3)really: skillfully; knowledgeably4)expertlyReading for skill acquisition1.Making prediction from the title, the topic sentences of each paragraph or mainlythe first paragraphi.from the title “The Disney Company”2.Guessing the meaning of words or phrases in contexti.Affixation1)producer2)successful3)artist4)television5)director6)actor7)creator8)animation9)fully10)action11)production12)filmmaker13)scientific14)technical15)invention16)entertainment17)educational18)activities19)amusement20)visitor21)agricultural22)recently23)exploration24)discovery25)international26)producer27)terrorist28)financialpound1)The full-color process2)Disney’s first full-length cartoon movie3)Live-action films4)Some make-believe place5)The movie-making industry6) A computer-animated filmiii.some nouns1)film producer2)film artist and producer3)Disney movies and Disney television programs4)Disney music, books, videos, toys, clothes and games, shows …5) a movie producer or director6)the cartoon people and animals7) a cartoon hero8)this cartoon mouse9)Disney’s first short cartoon films10)Disney’s first full-length cartoon movie11)a number of other extremely popular cartoon films12)this animation process13)the world most successful movie artists14)several popular television series15)cartoon characters16)an entertainment park17)the company chief18)television stations19)entertainment centers20)the great American amusement park21)the largest media companies22)movie and television companies23)the ABC television network24)a group of international cable television channels25)sports teams26)a major Broadway Theater producer27)the September terrorist attacks28)its Internet operationExercises1.Listening: Grace Kelly —The most beautiful tale of Hollywood2.Oral activities (either individually or discussion in a team)Form a team on a random or set a team for the ever task (It’s better to be made up of five or six persons with specific task for each. For example, two for gathering information, and another two for organizing the materials, one for delivering the presentation, and one for the whole handling.)3.Cloze4.Writing practice (with the phrases given)1)Take these pills in case you feel sick onthe boat.2)As long as they have plenty to eat, theyare happy.3)I’ll lend you the money on condition thatyou return it within three months.4)It is important that young children shouldsee things, not merely read about them.For example, it is valuable experience totake them on a trip to a farm.5)He took the book without permission. Inother words, he stole it.6)They ate a seven-course meal. In addition,they drank three bottles of wine.7)He slipped and broke his leg. As a result,he had to be away from school for two or three months.8)It is always dangerous to generalize.However, it seems obvious that, on thewhole, men hold a higher position insociety than women.5.Translation exercises1)Towering above all the others, this contain peak commands a fine view.2)I have asked my friends to recommend a doctor who is good at treating children. 3)The children were swinging on a rope hanging from a tree.4)Direct contact with the patients suffering from SARS must be avoided at all costs.5)Being cruel, treacherous, and unscrupulous, that terrorist committed murder, arson, and every crime imaginable.6)That old woman is always interfering in other people’s affairs.7)After having several influential papers published, he became quite distinguished in the academic world.8)The huge outdoor amphitheater is an attractive place, where symphonies by great musicians are played every summer.9)He packed a briefcase with what might be required, while I packed a suitcasewith all the things that might be needed.10)We Chinese usually associate the Spring Festival with family reunion.。

14《History and Traditions》 PPT教学课件

• 6 minutes to read the passage carefully and finish the following multiple choices.
1.How many stages did it go through to form the name:the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Norther Ireland? 细节理解题
A. Three.
B. Two.
C. Four.
D. Five.
2.What do the four countries share? 细节理解题 A. Currency, flag and military defence. B. Football team, flag and legal system. C. Education system, flag and military defence. D. Currency, legal system and education system.
Pre-reading(8mins) Guessing Game(6mins)
which country is this?
Pre-reading What’s its real name?
Great Britain
Britain
The United Kindgom
England
Pre-reading
Post-reading(15mins)
Activity1:Fill in the blanks(5mins)
The United Kingdom, Great Britain,Britain,England- many peoplaer_e_c_o_n__fu_s_e(dconfuse) by what these different names mean, _g_e_t_ti_n_g__(get) to know a little bit about British history will help you solve the puzzle. From the 16th century to the 19th century,Wales, Scotland and the Kingdom of lreland were joined _t_o_c_e_r_a_t _( create) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and lreland. In the 20th century, the southern part of lreland broke away_f_r_o_m____the UK, _w__h_ic_h___resulted in the full name:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern lreland. The four countries that belong___to_____the UK work together in some areas. However, they also have somed_i_ff_e_re_n_c_e_s( different).Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surround by evidence of four different groups of people___w_h_o___took over at different times. There is so much more to learn about __th_e_____interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more_e_n_jo_y_a_b_l_e(enjoy).

备战2024年高考英语模拟02(新高考II卷专用)(解析版)

【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷(新高考Ⅱ卷专用)黄金卷02注意事项：1. 本试题满分150分，考试时间120分钟；2. 考生答题前请在规定位置填写姓名、班级、考号等相关信息，在答题卡上正确填涂准考证号(或粘贴条形码)并仔细核对自己的信息；3. 选择题请用2B 铅笔在答题卡对应的位置准确填涂，非选择题请用0.5mm黑色字迹签字笔在答题卡的非选择题区域作答。

在本试卷及草稿纸上作答，答案无效；4. 考试结束后，本试题、答题卡、草稿纸一并收回，请勿带出考场。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Where are the speakers probably?A.At a furniture shop.B.At a garageC.At a clinic.【答案】B【原文】W:How much will it cost for two new wheels and a new front window?Can you do it this afternoon please?I need to drive to meet my dentist in the evening.M:It will be around $250,ma'am,and we can finish it this aftermoon if you wish.2.How does Eric usually get to work?A.By busB.By train.C.By car.【答案】C【原文】W:Oh,it's a surprise to see you catching a bus to work,Eric.Where's your car?M:It's under repair,so I had to decide between this and the train.W:The bus is slower,but it's a lot cheaper than the train.3.When did the woman want to be a writer?A. When she was a kid.B.When she worked at a bookstore.C.When she had some books published.【答案】B【原文】M:Linda,what really made you want to become a writer?W:I always loved reading books when I was small.After graduating I got a job at a children's bookstore.That was when Ifirst started thinking about making books.Now I have several books published.4.What will the man do at seven o'clock tomorrow evening?A.Phone the woman.B.Attend a meeting.C.Have supper【答案】C【原文】W:I'll call you up tomorrow evening to discuss the plan.Let's make it seven o'clock.M:I'm sorry,but I'll attend a meeting at four o'clock.And we'll be having dinner at that time.5.Why does Brian go to the hospital?A.To see a patient.B.To see a doctor.C.To bring a book to Mary.【答案】A【原文】M:Hi!Mary.The doctor says you are well on the way to recovery.Do you have everything you need in the hospital?W:Thanks,Brian.It would be nice to have a good book to read.M:Consider it done.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析(1)

专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析（1）(1~16/共26题)Play00:0010:52Volume第1题The American Two-party System I. Introduction A. the oldest political【T1】______ around the world【T1】______ B. the classical example of two-party system: the American political system —the dominant parties: the Democratic and the【T2】______ parties【T2】______ —the two-party system survived all attempts to assaults C. About dozen parties that nominate【T3】______【T3】______ D. Americans inevitably become one of the two parties because —there is usually no other place to go —most Americans know where they【T4】______ in the system【T4】______ II. Two-party system is so strongly【T5】______ because【T5】______ A The way【T6】______ are conducted: the Americans elect【T6】______ —【T7】______【T7】______ —about 800,000 of other【T8】______,【T8】______ —the congressman from single-member districts B. Organization of the House of Representatives ensures that —major party can maintain its【T9】______【T9】______ —major party is likely to win III. The consequences of the system A the 【T10】______ production of majorities【T10】______ —the competition between two parties —the【T11】______ of the victory of the winning party【T11】______ B. The peaceful【T12】______【T12】______ —the party in power can be overrun by the party out of power —two-party system cannot be destroyed —the【T13】______ can survive the defeat because of 【T13】______ a)the possibility of mamtaining a【T14】______ of the opposition【T14】______ b)the attraction of the support of those opposed to the party in power C. the tendency for the major parties to be【T15】______,【T15】______ e.g. business is conducted across party lines D. The work of the government carried on despite of divided party control第2题【T1】第3题【T2】第4题【T3】第5题【T4】第6题【T5】第7题【T6】第8题【T7】第9题【T8】第10题【T9】第11题【T10】第12题【T11】第13题【T12】第14题【T13】第15题【T14】第16题【T15】下一题(17~21/共26题)Play00:0004:56Volume第17题16．A.It includes all the compensation for loss.B.It includes a certificate of posting.C.It is perfect for sending documents of minor value.D.It is usually handled by very particular couriers.第18题17．A.All kinds of parcels.B.Airway letters.C.Railway letters.D.Inland postal packets.第19题18．A.It is signed by the recipient.B.It provides the recipient confirmation of delivery.C.It is free of charge.D.It will cost less at the time of posting.第20题19．A.The compensation for loss is limited.B.It will pay for valuable items.C.The compensation process is speedy.D.The compensation is inadmissible.第21题20．A.Recorded delivery is suitable for sending valuable things.B.Recorded delivery is a service with extra security.C.The packet is signed for by the addressee and a record is kept by the post office.D.The post office delivers recorded delivery to the addressee in person.上一题下一题(22~26/共26题)Play00:0004:23Volume第22题21．A.The packet should be fastened with adhesive substance.B.The packets should be posted in the mailbox.C.The packets needn´t be posted with relevant fee.D.The packets needn´t be wrapped in a strong cover.第23题22．A.Its contents can resist easy damage.B.Registered post provides a protection against damage.C.Registered post receives no special security treatmentD.There is special security treatment for registered post.第24题23．A.Partially included.B.Already covered.C.Partially stamped.D.Already excluded.第25题24．A.Coupons enclosed in the registered letter envelopes.B.Trading stamps sold by the post office.C.Bank notes and currency notes.D.All precious articles sold by the post office.第26题25．A.Neither of them accepts any airway letters.B.They both deliver mails to the addressee in person.C.Both require that the Advice of Delivery Form be signed by the post office official.D.Recorded delivery doesn´t compensate for bank notes, but registered post does.上一题下一题(27~30/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004, this tallest bridge in the world won worldwide compliments. German newspapers described how it "floated above the clouds" with" elegance and lightness"and"breathtaking" beauty. In France, papers praised the "immense concrete giant". Was it mere coincidence that the Germans saw beauty where the French saw heft and power? Lera Boroditsky thinks not.(2) A psychologist at Stanford University, she has long been intrigued by an age-old question whose modern form dates to 1956, when linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf asked whether the language we speak shapes the way we think and see the world. If so, then language is not merely a means of expressing thought, but a constraint on it, too. Although philosophers, anthropologists, and others have weighed in, with most concluding that language does not shape thought in any significant way, the field has been notable for a distressing lack of empiricism—as in testable hypotheses and actual data.(3) That´s where Boroditsky comes in. In a series of clever experiments guided by pointed questions, she is amassing evidence that, yes, language shapes thought. The effect is powerful enough, she says, that "the private mental lives of speakers of different languages may differ dramatically," not only when they are thinking in order to speak, "but in all manner of cognitive tasks," including basic sensory perception. "Even a small fluke of grammar"—the gender of nouns—"can have an effect on how people think about things in the world,"she says.(4) As in that bridge, in German, the noun for bridge, Briicke, is feminine. In French, pont is masculine. German speakers saw female features; French speakers, masculine ones. Similarly, Germans describe keys (Schluessel) with words such as hard, heavy, jagged, and metal, while to Spaniards keys (Ilaves) are golden, intricate, little, and lovely. Guess which language interprets key as masculine and which as feminine?(5) Language even shapes what we see. People have a better memory for colors if different shades have distinct names—not English´s light blue and dark blue, for instance, but Russian´s goluboy and sinly. Skeptics of the language-shapes-thought claim have argued that that´s a trivial finding, showing only that people remember what they saw in both a visual form and a verbal one, but not proving that they actually see the hues differently. In an ingenious experiment, however, Boroditsky and colleagues showed volunteers three color swatches and asked them which of the bottom two was the same as the top one. Native Russian speakers were faster than English speakers when the colors had distinct names, suggesting that having a name for something allows you to perceive it more sharply. Similarly, Korean uses one word for "in" when one object is in another snugly (a letter in an envelope), and a different one when an object is in something loosely (an apple in a bowl). Sure enough, Korean adults are better than English speakers at distinguishing tight fit from loose fit.(6) In Australia, the Aboriginal Kuuk Thaayorre use compass directions for every spatial cue rather than right or left, leading to locutions such as "there is an ant on your southeast leg. " The Kuuk Thaayorre are also much more skillful than English speakers at dead reckoning, even in unfamiliar surroundings or strange buildings.Their language" equips them to perform navigational feats once thought beyond human capabilities," Boroditsky wrote on Edge. org.(7) Science has only scratched the surface of how language affects thought. In Russian, verb forms indicate whether the action was completed or not—as in " she ate (and finished) the pizza. " In Turkish, verbs indicate whether the action was observed or merely rumored. Boroditsky would love to run an experiment testing whether native Russian speakers are better than others at noticing if an action is completed, and if Turks have a heightened sensitivity to fact versus hearsay. Similarly, while English says " she broke the bowl," even if it smashed accidentally (she dropped something on it, say), Spanish and Japanese describe the same event more like "the bowl broke itself. " " When we show people video of the same event," says Boroditsky, " Englishspeakers remember who was to blame even in an accident, but Spanish and Japanese speakers remember it less well than they do intentional actions. It raises questions about whether language affects even something as basic as how we construct our ideas of causality. "第27题In the first paragraph, the author introduces his topic by______.A.explaining a phenomenonB.justifying an assumptionC.posing a contrastD.making a comparison第28题Lera Boroditsky most probably holds the viewpoint that______.nguage expresses thoughtnguage constrains thoughtnguage determines thoughtnguage and thought interact with each other第29题Which of the following statements is TRUE about the languages mentioned in the passage?A.Both the nouns for bridge and key are feminine in German.B.The language of the Aboriginal Kuuk Thaayorre is really helpful for sailing.C.Korean has a larger vocabulary than English in describing colors.D.Whether an action is completed or not is best shown in Spanish.第30题The author uses the following ways to develop paragraphs EXCEPT______.A.cause and effectB.deduction and inductionC.explanationD.definition上一题下一题(31~34/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) What would the holidays be without lots of tiny twinkling lights? Less colorful and festive—but also a lot safer.(2) From living rooms to front porches across the country, homeowners are stringing millions of lights on Christmas trees or eaves and decorating their windowsills with electric, battery-operated or traditional candles. But according to the federal Consumer Product Safety Commission, too many are doing so with little regard to the hazards. Last holiday season there were about 200 Christmas tree fires in American homes, caused primarily by faulty lights and resulting in 10 deaths and more than $ 10 million in property loss, the Commission says. Another 14,000 house fires are started yearly by misplaced or mishandled flame candles, causing 170 deaths and$350 million in property loss. And about 10,000 people are treated at emergency rooms for injuries from falls, cuts or shocks while hanging lights or decorations.(3) The biggest causes of holiday fires are " candles and live trees" , said Kim Dulic, a Commission spokeswoman. The agency recommends battery-operated candles instead of real or electric, she said, along with fire-resistant artificial trees—or fresh well-watered trees.(4) A cut tree is fresh, she said, if the bottom of its trunk is sticky with resin and its needles are hard to pull and don´t break when bent. It is too dry if it sheds a shower of needles when bounced on the ground. A harvested tree should be cut about a half inch from the bottom and put in water within no more than three to six hours, said Rick Dungey, the public relations manager of the National Christmas Tree Association, in Chesterfield, Mo. " If you wait any longer, air molecules get in the trunk and they prevent the tree from siphoning water,"Mr. Dungey said, adding that people should water often and never let the water go below the cut end. Once a Christmas tree dries out, it is an accident waiting to happen, said Lorraine Carli, the communications vice president of the National Fire Protection Association, in Quincy, Mass. If ignited, it can be engulfed in seconds.(5) The most common cause is electrical—either an overused electrical system or faulty wiring. Brett Brenner, the president of the Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI), in Rosslyn, Va., said homeowners should make yearly inspections. " Cracked sockets, frayed or bare wires and loose connections can cause a serious shock or start a fire," he said. Use no more than one extension cord per socket, and string no more than three sets of lights together. Wires should not run under carpets or through windows or doors. He said outdoor outlets should be protected by a ground fault circuit interrupter—a breaker that trips with any interruption or problem with the ground wire. (An interrupter usually needs to be installed when an outlet is near or exposed to water; it generally costs less than $ 10.)(6) John Drengenberg, the consumer affairs director of Underwriters Laboratories, the testing group in Northbrook, 111., said that if lights are certified for indoors only, they must not be used outside; those certified for outdoors, however, can be used inside. No matter the kind, he said, if the bulbs are the screw-in type, there should be no more than 50 per outlet. Outdoor lights, he said, should be hung with plastic clip-on hangers, not metal nails or staples, which can pierce insulation and cause a short. And what about those who don´t take down their outdoor lights until the wisteria is in bloom in May? " You should never leave lights up all year round," Mr. Drengenberg said. "They´re not designed for year-round use. "第31题Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a cause of the holiday hazards?A.Accidents during decoration.B.Poor quality of bubbles.C.Careless handling of candles.D.Problematic management of lights.第32题According to the passage, what is the BEST choice of Christmas trees?A.A real tree that is soaked in water at the shop.B.A real tree whose needles don´t break when bent.C.An artificial tree with delicate craftsmanship.D.An artificial tree that won´t be engulfed immediately.第33题It can be inferred from Para. 5 that______.A.the ESFI inspects household electrical system annuallyB.electrical devices for outdoor use are not expensiveC.homeowners do not have the particular electrical knowledgeD.an overloaded electrical system or faulty wiring may lead to disasters第34题Which of the following is NOT in accordance with Mr. Drengenberg´s suggestion?A.Never use outdoor lights that are certified for indoor use.B.Put exactly 50 screw-in type bulbs to each outlet.C.Take off the outdoor lights after the Christmas season is over.D.Avoid metal nails or staples when putting on the outdoor lights.上一题下一题(35~37/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) We all know that emotions originate in the brain. But we usually talk about our emotions coming from our hearts. If someone you know doesn´t give up easily, you might say, "He´s got a lot of heart. " Not every culture would agree—for instance, when Italians want to say someone has heart, they say instead,"Ha fegato" : "He has liver. "(2) But what about bad emotions? When you feel so sad or so angry that your heart "aches" , could it actually be true? Two new studies add support to the theory that, yes, what goes on in your mind can break your heart.(3) In the first study, just published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC),a team of eight researchers looking at more than 63,000 women who were participants in the ongoing Nurses´ Health Study, found that those who reported basic symptoms of depression (like feeling down and incapable of happiness) had a higher-than-normal risk of coronary heart disease. And women who were clinically depressed were more than twice as likely as other women to suffer sudden cardiac death. None of the participants had heart problems at the study´s outset, but nearly 8% had symptoms of depression.(4) The researchers theorize that depression might have some direct physiological impact on the heart—like causing it to work harder in the face of stress. The study also found that the more depressed women were, the more likely they were to smoke cigarettes or have high blood pressure and diabetes—not exactly heart-healthy conditions. Or it may be that the antidepressants prescribed to treat those with mood problems were associated with heart ailments; in the study, sudden cardiac death was linked more strongly with antidepressant use than with women´s symptoms of depression.(5) The antidepressant theory is just that—a theory. It could be that the antidepressant takers in the study were simply the most depressed. But if the theory is substantiated by further research, it would add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that antidepressants carry a high risk (particularly for teenagers) when weighed against the drugs´still uncertain benefits. Scientists have already shown that antidepressants are a bad idea for those about to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery.(6) No one is sure exacdy how depression hurts me heart, and one plausible explanation is that the train runs in the opposite direction—a damaged heart and its consequent stress on the bodymight activate, somehow, genes or other physiological changes that contribute to depression.(7) But another new paper, also published in the JACC, lends credit to the idea that it is our moods that work on our hearts and not the other way around. In this paper, researchers from University College London reviewed the findings of 39 previously published articles and found that men who are angry and hostile are significantly more likely to have a cardiac event man those who aren´t. That may sound unsurprising—we all know that anger can stress your heart. But it´s important to note the difference between aggression and just being aggressive. Previous studies have found that so-called type A´s—those who are driven, competitive and obsessed with deadlines—are not more likely to experience heart disease. In other words, your type A co-workers who are annoyingly ambitious and dutiful are no more likely to have a heart attack than you are. Rather, it´s the seething, angry types with underlying hostility who are the ticking time bombs. Anger, it turns out, is physiologically toxic.(8) The authors of the second paper offer the standard theories about how an angry emotion translates to a physical heart attack: angry people have a harder time sleeping; they take prescribed drugs less often; they eat worse, exercise less, smoke more and are fatter. These things add up: compared with the good-humored, those who were angry and hostile—but had no signs of heart problems at the outset—ended up with a 19% higher risk of developing coronary heart disease, according to the University College London paper.(9) The two studies reify gender stereotypes; women get their hearts broken through sadness; men "break" their hearts (via heart attack) through anger. But both studies suggest that men and women have a common interest in understanding that some causes of cardiac disease—poor diet or lack of exercise or bad sleep habits—may have a precipitating cause themselves. Whether male or female, letting yourself get overwhelmed by emotion can damage not only your mind but also that crucial organ, the heart.第35题The relationship between the first study and the second study is that______.A.each presents one side of the pictureB.each presents a different issueC.the second generalizes the firstD.the second proves the first第36题Which of the following has been proven both practically and theoretically?A.Depression has some direct physiological impact on the heart.B.Antidepressants are closely related to heart disease.C.Antidepressants´ disadvantages outweigh their advantages.D.Anger and hostility may contribute to a heart attack.第37题Which of the following expressions is used literally, NOT metaphorically?A.He´s got a lot of heart. (Para. 1)B... .break your heart. (Para. 2)C....the train runs in the opposite direction... (Para.6)D....who are the ticking time bombs. (Para. 7)上一题下一题(38~40/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) A far cry from the pirates and princesses of today, costumes during Halloween´s precursor centuries ago included animal skins and heads, drag getups, and even mechanical horse heads, historians say.(2) Records of the precursor to Halloween—the Celtic new year celebration of Samhain—are extremely threadbare, said Ken Nilsen, professor of Celtic studies at Canada´s St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. "We don´t have actual records telling us what it was like in ancient times, so our knowledge is based principally on folk customs that continued until recent centuries,"Nilsen told National Geographic News.(3) Samhain, however, is known to date back at least 2,000 years, based on analysis of a Celtic bronze calendar discovered in the 1890s in Coligny, France, in what was then called Gaul. The festival marked the end of the Celtic year, when the harvest was gathered and animals were rounded up. It´s said the hides of cattle and other livestock slaughtered at this time were ritually worn during festivities that likely hark back to even earlier pagan beliefs.(4) Ancient Roman writers recorded that tribes in what is now Germany and France held riotous ceremonies where they donned the heads and skins of wild mammals to connect with animal spirits. The custom of wearing animal hides at bonfire-lighted Celtic feast ceremonies survived until recent times, Nilsen notes. " This was certainly done at Martinmas (the November 11 Christian feast of St. Martin) in Ireland and Scotland, which, in the old calendar, would be Halloween,"he said. "There might have been an excess of livestock, so it would make sense to slaughter an animal,"Nilsen said.(5) Samhain night was also a celebration of the dead—the one time the spirits were believed to walk among the living. Again, the earliest rituals aren´t known in detail, but in recent centuries families put out food and even set extra table places for their ancestors at Samhain. It was also a night when people dressed to create mischief and confusion, according to Bettina Arnold of the Center for Celtic Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. "The spirits of the dead were impersonated by young men dressed with masked, veiled or blackened faces," Arnold wrote in an essay titled Halloween Customs in the Celtic World. These disguises were intended both to protect revelers from any malevolent spirits and to fool households they visited. In Scotland and elsewhere, revelers masquerading as the dead would go around demanding food offerings—a forerunner to today´s trick-or-treating. Nilsen of St. Francis Xavier University added: "People put on costumes which frequently included blackened faces and so on, representing spooks, demons, or whatever. "(6) According to the University of Wisconsin´s Arnold, on Samhain the boundary between the living and the dead was obliterated—as was the boundary between the sexes. Male youths would dress up as girls and vice versa, she wrote. In Wales, for example, groups of mischievous young men in Halloween drag were referred to as hags. In parts of Ireland, a man dressed as a white horse known as Lair Bhan—an ancient Celtic fertility symbol—led noisy processions at Samhain.(7) Many Samhain ensembles were incomplete without the appropriate accessories; lanterns made with hollowed-out turnips and candles. Later transplanted to North America with Irish immigrants, the tradition would be replicated in the fatter form of the pumpkin, a fruit native tothe New World.第38题The knowledge about the ancient Halloween comes from the following EXCEPT______.A.historians´ introductionB.factual and detailed recordsC.today´s Halloween customsD.books written by ancient Roman writers第39题Which of the following statements about Samhain is TRUE?A.It is the forerunner of today´s Halloween.B.It was the celebration of the new year 2,000 years ago.C.It was celebrated first in Coligny, France.D.It is an occasion of family gatherings.第40题On Samhain the boundary between the living and the dead was obliterated by______.A.the dead walking among the livingB.the living masquerading as the deadC.boys dressing up as girlsD.men disguising as white horses上一题下一题(15/22)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.第41题PASSAGE ONE上一题下一题(16/22)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.第42题PASSAGE TWO上一题下一题(43~45/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE THREE第43题What does "He´s got a lot of heart. " mean according to the author?第44题What does the author aim to indicate by citing the two new studies?第45题What are the factors that may lead to a physical heart attack? (Please list no more than 3 factors.) 上一题下一题(46~48/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE FOUR第46题What did people do at Martinmas according to the passage?第47题Which word is used metaphorically in Para. 6?第48题What´s the origin of pumpkin lantern according to the passage?上一题下一题(49~58/共10题)PART III LANGUAGE USAGELanguage is fantastically complex. Its built-in means ofcombining and recombining(nesting)of its various levels have【M1】______suggested to many leading linguists that language istheoretically infinite though not practical so in everyday usage.【M2】______It almost sounds too complex to be able to detect any significantleveling out of language any more than one could detect byobservation that the sun is burning itself out.As far as I am conscious no linguist seriously purports that【M3】______the restructuring process of language overrides the streamliningprocess resulted in a qualitative positive development of【M4】______language. If we decide that language did originally develop,possibly evolving animal communication, we can only do【M5】______so by assuming evolution to be a universally valid principle This type【M6】______of a priori reasoning was the basic fallacy of pre-NineteenthCentury "speculative grammar" which was pre-scientific in modern【M7】______sense of the word.However, the observable data neither indicate that such a【M8】______period of pre-historic development even existed, nor they【M9】______suggest a cause of the subsequent state of equilibrium or processof simplification that would have to have come into operation atsome time after such a pre-historic development. NoamChomsky, one of the most prominent linguists of the twentiethcentury, has indicated that human language and animalcommunication are not even comparative entities, they are so【M10】______different.第49题【M1】第50题【M2】。

2024年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题(科目代码：201)☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.填(书)写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

(以下信息考生必须认真填写)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)There's nothing more welcoming than a door opening for you. 1 the need to be touched to open or close,automatic doors are essential in 2 disabled access to buildings and helping provide general 3 to commercial buildings.Self-sliding doors began to emerge as a commercial product in 1960 after being invented six years 4 by Americans Dee Horton and Lew Hewitt.They 5 as a novelty feature,but as their use has grown,their 6 have extended within our technologically advanced world.Particularly 7 in busy locations or during times of emergency,the doors 8 crowd management by reducing the obstacles put in peoples'way.9 making access both in and out of buildings easier for people,the difference in the way many of these doors open helps reduce the total area 10 by them. Automatic doors often open to the side,with the panels sliding across one another. Replacing swing doors,these 11 smaller buildings to maximise the usable space inside without having to 12 the way for a large,sticking-out door.There are many different types of automatic door,with each 13 specific signals to tell them when to open. 14 these methods differ,the main 15 remain the same.Each automatic door system 16 the light,sound,weight or movement in their vicinity as a signal to open.Sensor types are chosen to 17 the different environments they are needed in.18 ,a busy street might not 19 a motion- sensored door,as it would constantly be opening for passers-by.A pressure-sensitive mat would be more 20 to limit the surveyed area.英语( 一 )试题 . 1 . (共14页)1.[A]Through [B]Despite [C]Besides [D]Without2.[A]revealing [B]demanding [C]improving [D]tracing3.[A]experience [B]convenience [C]guidance [D]reference4.[A]previously [B]temporarily [C]successively [D]eventually5.[A]held on [B]started out [C]settled down [D]went by6.[A]relations [B]volumes [C]benefits [D]sources7.[A]useful [B]simple [C]flexible [D]stable8.[A]call for [B]yield to [C]insist on [D]act as9.[A]As well as [B]In terms of [C]Thanks to [D]Rather than10.[A]connected [B]shared [C]represented [D]occupied11.[A]allow [B]expect [C]require [D]direct12.[A]adopt [B]lead [C]clear [D]change13.[A]adapting to [B]deriving from [C]relying on [D]pointing at14.[A]Once [B]Since [C]Unless [D]Although15.[A]records [B]positions [C]principles [D]reasons16.[A]controls [B]analyses [C]produces [D]mixes17.[A]decorate [B]compare [C]protect [D]complement18.[A]In conclusion [B]By contrast [C]For example [D]Above all19.[A]identify [B]suit [C]secure [D]include20.[A]appropriate [B]obvious [C]impressive [D]delicateSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)英语(一)试题.2.(共14页)Text 1Nearly 2,000 years ago,as the Romans began to pull out of Scotland,they left behind a curious treasure:10 tons of nails,nearly a million of the things.The nail hoard was discovered in 1960 in a four-metre-deep pit covered by two metres of gravel.Why had the Romans buried a million nails?The likely explanation is that the withdrawal was rushed,and they didn't want the local Caledonians getting their hands on 10 tons of weapon-grade iron.The Romans buried the nails so deep that they would not be discovered for almost two millennia.Later civilisations would value the skilled blacksmith's labour in a nail even more than the raw material.As Roma Agrawal explains in her new delightful book Nuts and Bolts,early 17th-century Virginians would sometimes burn down their homes if they were planning to relocate.This was an attempt to recover the valuable nails,which could be reused after sifting the ashes.The idea that one might burn down an entire house just to reclaim the nails underlines how scarce,costly and valuable the simple-seeming technology was.The price of nails fell by 90%between the late 1700s and mid-1900s,as economist Daniel Sichel points out in a research paper.According to Sichel,although the falling price of nails was driven partly by cheaper iron and cheaper energy,most of the credit goes to nail manufacturers who simply found more efficient ways to turn steel into nails.Nails themselves have changed over the years,but Sichel studied them because they haven't changed much.Roman lamps and Roman chariots are very different from LED strips and sports cars,but Roman nails are still clearly nails.It would be absurd to try to track the changing price of sports cars since 1695,but to ask the same question of nails makes perfect sense.I make no apology for being obsessed by a particular feature of these objects:their price.I am an economist,after all.After writing two books about the history of inventions,one thing I've learnt is that while it is the enchantingly sophisticated technologies that get all the hype,it's the cheap technologies that change the world.The Gutenberg printing press transformed civilisation not by changing the nature of writing but by changing its cost—and it would have achieved little without a parallel collapse in the price of surfaces to write on,thanks to an often-overlooked technology called paper.Solar panels had few niche uses until they became cheap;now they are transforming the global energy system.英语(一)试题.3.(共14页)21.The Romans buried the nails probably for the sake of[A]saving them for future use.[B]keeping them from rusting.[C]letting them grow in value.[D]hiding them from the locals.22.The example of early 17th-century Virginians is used to[A]highlight the thriftiness of early American colonists.[B]illustrate the high status of blacksmiths in that period.[C]contrast the attitudes of different civilisations towards nails.[D]show the preciousness of nail-making technology at that time.23.What played the major role in lowering the price of nails after the late 1700s?[A]Increased productivity.[B]Wider use of new energies.[C]Fiercer market competition.[D]Reduced cost of raw materials.24.It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that nails[A]have undergone many technological improvements.[B]have remained basically the same since Roman times.[C]are less studied than other everyday products.[D]are one of the world's most significant inventions.25.Which of the following best summarises the last two paragraphs?[A]Cheap technologies bring aboutrevolutionary change.[B]Technological innovation is integral to economic success.[C]Technology defines people's understanding of the world.[D]Sophisticated technologies develop from small inventions.英语(一)试题.4.(共14页)Text 2Parenting tips obtained from hunter-gatherers in Africa may be the key to bringing up more contented children,researchers have suggested.The idea is based on studies of communities such as the Kung of Botswana,where each child is cared for by many adults.Kung children as young as four will help to look after younger ones and “baby-wearing”,in which infants are carried in slings,is considered the norm.According to Dr Nikhil Chaudhary,an evolutionary anthropologist at Cambridge University,these practices,known as alloparenting,could lead to less anxiety for children and parents.Dr Annie Swanepoel,a child psychiatrist,believes that there are ways to incorporate them into western life.In Germany,one scheme has paired an old people's home with a nursery.The residents help to look after the children,an arrangement akin to alloparenting.Another measure could be encouraging friendships between children in different school years,to mirror the unsupervised mixed-age playgroups in hunter-gatherer communities.In a paper published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,researchers said that the western nuclear family was a recent invention which broke with evolutionary history.This abrupt shift to an“intensive mothering narrative”,which suggests that mothers should manage childcare alone,was likely to have been harmful. “Such narratives can lead to maternal exhaustion and have dangerous consequences,”they wrote.By contrast,in hunter-gatherer societies adults other than the parents can provide almost half of a child's care.One previous study looked at the Efé people of the Democratic Republic of Congo.It found that infants had an average of 14 alloparents a day by the time they were 18 weeks old,and were passed between caregivers eight times an hour.Chaudhary said that parents now have less childcare support from family and social networks than during most of humans'evolutionary history,but introducing additional caregivers could reduce stress and maternal depression,which could have a“knock-on”benefit to a child's wellbeing.An infant born to a hunter-gatherer society could have more than ten caregivers—this contrasts starkly to nursery settings in the UK where regulations call for a ratio of one carer to four children aged two to three.While hunter-gatherer children learnt from observation and imitation in mixed-age playgroups,researchers said that western“instructive teaching”,where pupils are ask ed to sit still,may contribute to conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Chaudhary said that Britain should explore the possibility that older siblings helping their parents“might also enhance their own social development.”英语(一)试题.5. (共14页)26.According to the first two paragraphs,alloparenting refers to the practice of[A]sharing childcare among community members.[B]assigning babies to specific adult caregivers.[C]teaching parenting skills to older children.[D]carrying infants around by their parents.27.The scheme in Germany is mentioned to illustrate[A]an attempt to facilitate intergenerational communication.[B]an approach to integrating alloparenting into western society.[C]the conventional parenting style in western culture.[D]the differences between western and African ways of living.28.According to Paragraph 4,the“intensive mothering narrative”[A]alleviates parenting pressure.[B]consolidates family relationships.[C]results in the child-centered family.[D]departs from the course of evolution.29.According to Paragraph 6,what can we learn about the nurseries in the UK?[A]They tend to fall short of official requirements.[B]They have difficulty finding enough caregivers.[C]They ought to improve their carer-to-child ratio.[D]They should try to prevent parental depression.30.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Instructive Teaching:A Dilemma for Anxious Parents[B]For a Happier Family,Learn from the Hunter-gatherers[C]Mixed-age Playgroup,a Better Choice for Lonely Children[D]Tracing the History of Parenting:from Africa to Europe英语( 一 )试题 . 6 . (共14页)Text 3A Polish digital artist who uses classical painting styles to create dreamy fantasy landscapes,Greg Rutkowski has made illustrations for games such as Dungeons &Dragons and Magic:The Gathering.And he's become a sudden hit in the new world oftext-to-image AI generation.His distinctive style is now one of the most commonly used prompts in the new open-source AI art generator Stable Diffusion.The tool,along with other popular image-generation AI models,allows anyone to create impressive images based on text prompts.For example,type in“Wizard with sword and a glowing orb of magic fire fights a fierce dragon Greg Rutkowski,”an d the system will produce something that looks not a million miles away from works in Rutkowski's style.But these open-source programs are built by scraping images from the internet,often without permission and proper attribution to artists.As a result,they are raising tricky questions about ecthics and copyright.And artists like Rutkowski have had enough.According to the website Lexica,which tracks over 10 million images and prompts generated by Stable Diffusion,Rutkowski's name has been used as a prompt around 93,000 times.Rutkowski was initially surprised but thought it might be a good way to reach new audiences.Then he tried scarching for his name to see if a piece he had worked on had been published.The online search brought back work that had his name attached to it but wasn't his“It's been just a month.What about in a year?I probably won't be able to find my work out there because the internet will be flooded with AI art,"Rutkowski says. “That's concerning.”Other artists besides Rutkowski have been surprised by the apparent popularity of their work in text-to-image generators—and some are now fighting back.Karla Ortiz,an illustrator based in San Francisco who found her work in Stable Diffusion's data set,has been raising awareness about the issues around AI art and copyright.Artists say they risk losing income as people start using AI-generated images based on copyrighted material for commercial purposes.But it's also a lot more personal,Ortiz says,arguing that because art is so closely linked to a person,it could raise data protection and privacy problems.“There is a coalition growing within arist industries to figure out how to tackle or mitigate this,”says Ortiz.The group is in its early days of mobilization,which could involve pushing for new policies or regulation.One suggestion is that AI models could be trained on images in the public domain,and AI companies could forge partnerships with museums and artists,Ortiz says.英语( 一 )试题 . 7 . (共14页)31.What can be learned about Rutkowski from the first two paragraphs?[A]He is enthusiastic about using AI models.[B]He is popular with the users of an AI art generator.[C]He attracts admiration from other illustrators.[D]He specializes in classical painting digitalization.32.The problem with open-source AI art generators is that they[A]lack flexibility in responding to prompts.[B]produce artworks in unpredictable styles.[C]make unauthorized use of online images.[D]collect user information without consent.33.After searching online,Rutkowski found[A]a unique way to reach audiences.[B]a new method to identify AI images.[C]AI-generated work bearing his name.[D]heated disputes regarding his copyright.34.According to Ortiz,AI companies are advised to[A]campaign for new policies or regulation.[B]offer their services to public institutions.[C]strengthen their relationships with AI users.[D]adopt a different strategy for AI model training.35.What is the text mainly about?[A]Artists'responses to AI art generation.[B]AI's expanded role in artistic creation.[C]Privacy issues in the application of AI.[D]Opposing views on AI development.英语(一)试题.8.(共14页)Text 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its natural construction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallows provide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,fltering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in an Idaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) far less authority to regulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected by the EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a“continuous surface connection”to bodies of water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators and other commercial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries“significant repercussions for water quality and flood control throughout the United States,”as Justice Brett Kavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlands protections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respect state boundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will those jurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackett v.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights of land owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's a reminder that the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcend the influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to use one telling example,aren't thinking about next year's blue crab harvest in Maryland when they decide whether to spread animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can have enormous impact downstream.And so we would call on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing their own wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer them a visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald eagles fly over tidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatic life.It's worth the scenic drive.英语(一)试题 9 . (共14页)36.The Chesapeake Bay is described in Paragraph 1 as[A]a valuable natural environment.[B]a controversial conservation area.[C]a place with commercial potential.[D]a headache for nearby communities.37.The U.S.Supreme Court's ruling in the Idaho case[A]reinforces water pollution control.[B]weakens the EPA's regulatory power.[C]will end conflicts among local residents.[D]may face opposition from mining operators.38.How does the author feel about future of the Chesapeake Bay?[A]Worried.[B]Puzzled.[C]Relieved.[D]Encouraged.39.What can be inferred about the EPA's involvement in the Chesapeake Bay Program?[A]It has restored the balance among neighboring jurisdictions.[B]It has triggered a radical reform in commercial fisheries.[C]It has set a fine example of respecting state authorities.[D]It has ensured the coordination of protection efforts.40.The author holds that the state lawmakers should[A]be cautious about the influence of landowners.[B]attach due importance to wetlands protections.[C]recognize the need to expand wildlife refuges.[D]improve the wellbeing of endangered species.英语(一)试题10. (共14页)Part BDirections:Read the following comments on a report about American museums returning artifacts to their countries of origin and a list of statements summarizing the comments.Choose the best statement from the list A-G for each numbered name (41-45).There are two extra choices which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)(41) HannahSimply,there are people in Nigeria who cannot travel to the Smithsonian Institution to see that part of their history and culture represented by the Benin Bronzes.These should be available to them as part of their cultural heritage and history and as a source of national pride.There is no good reason that these artifacts should be beyond the ordinary reach of the educational objectives or inspiration of the generations to which they were left.They serve no purpose in a museum in the United States or elsewhere except as curious objects.They cannot be compared to works of art produced for sale which can be passed from hand to hand and place to place by purchase.(42) BuckWe know very exact reproductions of artwork can be and are regularly produced. Perhaps museums and governments might explore some role for the use of nearly exact reproductions as a means of resolving issues relating to returning works of art and antiquities.The context of any exhibit is more important to me than whether the object being displayed is 2000 years old or 2 months old.In many cases the experts have a hard time agreeing on what is the real object and what is a forgery.Again,the story an exhibit is trying to tell is what matters.The monetary value ofthe objects on display is a distant second place in importance.(43) SaraWhen visiting the Baltimore Museum of Art,I came across a magnificent 15th- century Chinese sculpture.It inspired me to learn more about the culture that it represented.Artifacts in museums have the power to inspire,and perhaps spark that need to learn and understand the nature of their creators.Having said that,I do feel that whatever artifacts find their way to public museums should,in fact,be sanctioned as having been obtained on loan,legally purchased,or obtained by treaty.Stealing artifacts from other peoples'cultures is obscene;it robs not only the physical objects,but the dignity and spirit of their creators.英语(一)试题.11. (共14页)(44) VictorAncient art that is displayed in foreign countries by all means should be returned to the original country.The foreign countries have no right to hold back returning the items.I would ask that the foreign nations and the original country discuss the terms of transfer.Yes,there is the risk that the original country will not have as good security as do the foreign countries.But look at what happened to Boston's Gardner Museum theft in 1990,including the loss of Rembrandt,Vermeer,Manet,and other masterpieces. Nothing is absolutely safe,nowhere.And now Climate Change agitators are attacking publicly displayed works in European museums.(45) JuliaTo those of you in the comments section who are having strong feelings about artifacts being removed from cities in the US and Britain and returned to their countries of origin,I would ask you to consider:why do you think Americans have more of a right to easily access the Benin Bronzes than the people of Nigeria?Why are people who live within a day's drive of London entitled to go and see the Elgin Marbles whenever they want,but the people of Athens aren't?What intrinsic factors make the West a suitable home for these artifacts but preclude them from being preserved and displayed by their countries oforigin?Ifyour conclusion is that the West is better able to preserve these artifacts,think about why you're assuming that to be true.[A]It is clear that the countries of origin have never been compensated for the stolenartifacts.[B]It is a flawed line of reasoning to argue against returning artifacts to their countriesof origin.[C]Museum visitors can still learn as much from artifacts'copies after the originals arereturned.[D]Reproductions,even if perfectly made,cannot take the place of the authenticobjects.[E]The real value of artifacts can only be recognized in their countries of origin ratherthan anywhere else.[F]Ways to get artifacts from other countries must bedecent and lawful.[G]Concern over security is no excuse for refusing to return artifacts to their countriesof origin.英语(一)试题.12. (共14页)Part CDirectionsRead the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)“Elephants never forget”—or so they say-and that piece of folklore seems to have some foundationThe African savanna elephant,also known as the African bush elephant,is distributed across 37 African countries.They move between a variety of habitats, including forests,grasslands,woodlands,wetlands and agricultural land.(46) They sometimes travel more than sixty miles to find food or water,and are very good at working out where other elephants are—even when they are out of ing tracking devices,researchers have shown that they have“remarkable spatial acuity.”When finding their way to waterholes,they headed off in exactly the right direction,on one occasion from a distance of roughly thirty miles.What is more,they almost always seem to choose the nearest waterhole.(47) The researchers are convinced that the elephants always know precisely where they are in relation to all the resources they need,and can therefore take shortcuts,as well as following familiar routes.Although the cues used by African elephants for long-distance navigation are not yet understood,smell may well play a part.Elephants are very choosy eaters,but until recently little was known about how they selected their food.(48) One possibility was that they merely used their eyes and tried out the plants they found,but that would probably result in a lot of wasted time and energy,not least because their eyesight is actually not very good.(49) The volatile chemicals produced by plants can be carried a long way,and they are very characteristic:Each plant or tree has its own particular odor signature.What is more,they can be detected even when they are not actually visible.New research suggests that smell is a crucial factor in guiding elephants—and probably other herbivores—to the best food resources.The researchers first established what kinds of plant the elephants prefered either to eat or avoid when foraging feely.They then set up a“food station”experiment,in which they gave the elephants a series of choices based only on smell.(50)The experiment showed that elephants may well use smell to identify patches of trees that are good to eat,and secondly to assess the quality of the trees within each patch.Free- ranging elephants presumably also use this information to locate their preferred food.Their well-developed hippocampal structures may enable elephants,like rats and people,to construct cognitive maps.英语(一)试题.13. (共14页)Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Read the following email from an international student and write a reply.Dear Li Ming,I've got a class assignment to make an oral report on an ancient Chinese scientist,but I'm not sure how to prepare for it.Can you give me some advice? Thank you for your help.Yours,Paul Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in your email;use“Li Ming”instead.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay based on the picture and the chart below.In your essay,you should1)describe the picture and the chart briefly,2)interpret the implied meaning,and3)give your comments.Write your answer in 160-200 words on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)市民健身区家门口新建的小公园真不错!英语(一)试题.14. (共14页)2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)试题参考答案Section I Use of English1.D2.C3.B4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.A 10.D11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.C16.B17.D18.C 19.B20.ASection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText121.D 22.D 23.A 24.B 25.AText226.A 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.BText331.B 32.C 33.C 34.D 35.AText436.A 37.B 38.A 39.D40.BPart B41.E 42.C 43.F 44.G 45.BPart C46.它们有时会行走60多英里去寻找食物或水源，而且非常擅长判断其他大象的位置——即使后者位于其视线以外。

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regard A as B e.g. You’ve no girl of your own, you must count me as your daughter.
count

be able to count sb/sth on one hand 屈指可数 count the cost（of sth）感受…带来的不良后果 count your blessings 知足 who’s counting 管他呢
loathsome confidence

disgusting secrets
loathsome ﹝a.﹞

causing hatred or disgust e.g. He is a loathsome man. loath (a.): ～to do sth ; unwilling, reluctant e.g. He is loath to admit his mistake. nothing loath: eager
Paragraph 9 ---14
What is “a special category”?
(para9, line3)
accessory ﹝n.﹞

1. a thing which can be added to something else in order to make it more useful or attractive. e.g. The car has accessories such as an electronic alarm. 2. a thing that you wear or carry that matches your clothes, for example a belt. 3. an accessory (to sth) : a person who helps sb to do something illegal.从犯，同谋 e.g. He was charged with being an accessory to murder. 他被指控为谋杀罪的从犯。
accessory ﹝a.﹞

not the most important when compared to others

“through the wars” together
(para. 10, line 2)
Soldier ﹝vi﹞

1. serve in army 2. pretend to work Soldier on to continue doing something, especially when this is difficult or unpleasant. e.g. I admired the way she soldiered on when her business ran into trouble. soldiering ﹝n.﹞ the life or activity of being a soldier. 军旅生活 soldierly ﹝a.﹞ typical of a good soldier 英武的 soldiery ﹝n.﹞ a group of soldiers, especially of a particular kind
A chicken call

A cowardly, tentative call

hang tough to be determined and refuse to change your attitude or ideas
confess
～(to sth/to doing sth) admit that you have done sth wrong or ashamed
confidence (n.)
a secret or private matter told to someone under a condition of trust e.g. The girls exchanged confidences. confidential (a.)
count…as

“it”
Wretched ﹝a.﹞

1.feeling ill or unhappy e.g. You look wretched. 2.extremely bad or unpleasant. e.g. She had a wretched time of it at school. 3.make you feel sympathy or pity. e.g. She finally agreed to have the wretched animal put down. 4.sb/sth is extremely annoying. e.g. Is it that wretched woman again?