上海大学研究生英语秋13试卷A
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)A类研究生初赛英语决赛真题2013年
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)A类研究生初赛英语决赛真题2013年Part I Listening C o m p e r h e n sio nSection AIn this section, yon will hear five short conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a twenty-second pause. During the pause, read the question and the th r ee choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the cent r e.1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A.In a swimming pool.B.In a bank.C.On a plane.B [听力原文]M: This is your passbook. The interest rate will automatically adjust depending on how much you have in the account.W: Oh, that's good. There's something else. I'd like to apply for a mortgage, please.M: Certainly, I'll make you an appointment with our mortgage adviser.根据录音中的关键词和短语passbook(存折)、interest rate(利率)、account(账户)和apply for a mortgage(申请住房贷款)等，可推测对话的发生地点为银行，故答案选B。
上海大学综合英语考研真题,上海大学考研,英语专业考研
上海大学2007年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试综合英语试题Section 1: Reading Comprehension (36 points)Directions: In this section, you will find two passages each of which is followed by some questions. Read the passages carefully and then answer the questions in our own words on the answer sheet. Remember that each answer should be limited to less than ten words in order to be valid.Question1-9Perhaps the earliest forerunner of writing is a system of clay counting tokens used in the ancient Middle East. The tokens date from 8000 to 3000BC and are shaped like disks, cones, spheres, and other shapes. They were stored in clay containers marked with a nearly version of cuneiform writing, to indicate what tokens were inside. Cuneiform was one of the first forms of writing and was pictographic, which symbols representing objects. It developed as a written language in Assyria from 3000 to 1000BC. Cuneiform eventually acquired ideographic elements associated with it.The oldest known examples of script-style writing date from 3000BC; papyrus sheets from 2700 to 2500BC have been found in the Nile Delta in Egypt bearing written hieroglyphs, another pictographic-ideographic form of writing.Chinese began as a pictographic-ideographic written language perhaps as early as the 15th century BC. Today, written Chinese includes some phonetic elements as well. The Chinese writing system is called logographic because each of the full symbols or characters represents a word. Cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs eventually incorporated phonetic elements. In syllabic systems, such as Japanese and Korean, written symbols stand for spoken syllable.The alphabet, invented in the Middle East, was carried by the Phoenicians to Greece, where vowel sounds were added to it. Alphabet characters stand for phonetic sounds and can be combined in an almost infinite variety of words. Many modern languages, such as English, German, French, and Russian, are alphabetic languages.1.When and where did the earliest form of writing probably originate?2.What does the ter m〝pictographic〞most probably mean?3.What characterizes an ideographic language?4.What is a hieroglyphs?5.What is cuneiform?6.Do written symbols represent spoken syllable sounds in Korean?7.Is Chinese mostly a pictographic or logographic language?8.Who invented the alphabet?9.What characterizes an alphabetic language?Question 10-18The centenary the birth of William Faulkner, one of the great modern novelists, was celebrated in September, 1997, Faulkner wrote about the southern states of the United States of America where he grew up, and where his family had an important part to play in the history of that region. His work became a touchstone for insights into the troubled issues of southern American identity, race relations, and the family interrelationships of the old-time southern gentry, Faulkner was also atechnically advanced writer, introducing a narrative seen form several points of view in his novel. The Sound and the Fury and using an imaginative approach of 59 monologues by various characters in As I Lay Dying.When Faulkner was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950, it was due recognition for a writer with a long and productive career. Faulkner had already produced such major works as the novels Flag in the Dust (1929), The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930), Sanctuary (1931), Light in August (1932), Absalom, Absalom(1936), followed by three novels about the Snopes family, short stories, including Faulkner’s most reprinted wor k〝The Bear〞, and a novel focused on race issues, Intruder in the Dust (1948)When Faulkner accepted the Nobel Prize for Literature in Stockholm in December 1950, his speech emphasized that he wished to continue writing, but in a positive way that affirmed the power of humanity to prevail over adverse circumstances. As he said in his speech, he still felt that, despite the threat of nuclear war then hanging over the world, the central concern of the writer should be“the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself”.He wanted the tensions and problems that he had cast the spotlight on in the southern states of America to be resolved by the life-affirming attitudes and actions of his characters.In the years following that speech, Faulkner’s work often adopted a lighter, more conciliatory tone. His story A Fable(1954), an allegory which placed Jesus Christ at the heart of World WarⅠ, won for the 57-year-old writer a Pulitzer Prize, an award he also received for his novel The Reivers(1962). The Reivers was Faulkner’s last novel, published in the year that he died after injuring himself in a fall from a horse. He was admitted to hospital in Oxford and died aged 64 on July 6, 1962 of a heart attack.Like playwright Tennessee Williams, Faulkner was a major voice who spoke for the troubled heart of the southern states of America. His achievement is all the more remarkable because, as a schoolboy, he was not only a frequent truant but also reportedly failed to each pass grades in English classes. His collected short stories, novels, allegorical stories and other writing form a legacy of literature which casts profound illumination on the special culture of the South.10.In which year was William Faulkner?11.Where are the most of Faulkner’s novels set?12.Why do we say Faulkner was also a technically advanced writer?13.What does the world “touchstone” most probably mean?14.What is a monologue?15.Why Faulkner awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950?16.According to Faulkner, what should be the greatest concern of a writer?17.For which novel was Faulkner awarded a Pulitzer Prize?18.What can we infer about Tennessee William?Section 2: Cloze (34 points)Direction: In this section, you will find two passages with 34 words missing. Read each passage carefully and then fill in each of the blanks with one suitable word. Remember to write your answers on the answer sheet.Passage1Stress just seems to be a “must”＿1＿all modern men: the Olympic skiers, the track-and-field runners, the athletes, the singers and dancers, the writers and music ＿2＿, even the husbands and wives all seem to compete ＿3＿stresses with great willingness. When a husband comes homelate, for instance, the ＿4＿seems to have butterflies in her ＿5＿and comes down on him like a ton of bricks, demanding that he should tell her where he had been. The husband, on the other ＿6＿, would feel nervous when he sees that another man is chatting his wife up in a ＿7＿of a street. Modern marriage seems to carry a mythic significance and spouses seem to ＿8＿on each other as if they’d be happy to get the goods on the other for any unfaithful act. Not ＿9＿does love bring a lot of stresses, money seems fertile ＿10＿for the development of all sorts of stresses. Never before have men so longed for ＿11＿as they do today. Those who are tightening their ＿12＿and cutting corners actually have itching palms and can’t ＿13＿envying others who are making bundles or rolling in it. To these people, money seems to be more valuable than anything ＿14＿. But strange ＿15＿, once they’ve got the money they want, they seek new stresses by splashing it about on things that are usually frowned upon. They use it to gamble, to splash out＿16＿girls or lavish it on drinking or drugs. But one thing is ＿17＿: they never stop seeking newer stresses.Passage 2Few of us may realize that life is a＿18＿. In gambling, there are only two possibilities:＿19＿and losing. On the bright side of the coin, we win. So long as we gamble ＿20＿destiny, the odds are usually in our favor, especially when we use common ＿21＿. A woman, for instance, who does not have the charm to win the love of a man may ＿22＿herself on the success of her career, without even regretting about having plain Jane ＿23＿. There are great women who do not yield to men’s dominance or refuse to be at the ＿24＿of their fate. The result is usually ＿25＿they enjoy some other forms of happiness which other women find missing in their lives. To many of us, gambling is, in most cases, a nontoxic drug ＿26＿boredom and apathy, and may well help preserve good temper, patience and optimism, all of which will ＿27＿us a world of good. On the whole, the gambling instinct is a characteristic of all forms of life. Those who dare to gamble will certainly have a better ＿28＿to win than those who ＿29＿hot and cold or get stuck in two minds. Of course, those who take no ＿30＿will have to be satisfied with nothing exciting at all. But one point which they should keep in ＿31＿is that they have no right to smite with their tongues or to foam at the ＿32＿at those who have achieved something through gambling. As a matter of fact, few of us have the right to condemn ＿33＿as few of us can say they never gamble---even if it is only ＿34＿a few pence a week in a football sweep or a “lucky dip”.Section 3: Translation (30 points)Part A: English-Chinese TranslationDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write down your translation on the answer sheet.The Internet has come a long way from its origins as a research network. Today users routinely listen to radio broadcasts across the net, download short videos from the World Wide Web and access information from thousands of government and private databases. But the fortuitous success and growth of the Internet has severely strained the functional limits of the Internet protocol as well as the underlying router network. Of even greater concern are the new applications in the offing which require far more facilities than the network now provides. Internet commerce, gigabyte file transfer, live video transmission, secured email/data and voice/video conferencing are just a few of the applications that Internet service providers are coming out with.The smorgasbord promises to choke an already overloaded network. Simply adding bandwidth to the Internet backbones is not an answer. It will only raise the cost of admission for everyone. Fortunately, there is a way to clear up the Internet’s current bandwidth bottleneck while providing a rich platform for tomorrow’s services. The solution is ATM. To see how A TM can facilitate the evolution of the Internet, we will look at the challenges the Internet currently faces and consider how ATM can play a role in overcoming themPart B: Chinese-English TranslationDirection: Translate the following passage into English and write down your translation on the answer sheet.清晨往松林里去散步，我在林荫树畔发现了一束被人遗弃的蔷薇。
03研究生英语水平测试A卷(含答案)
English Qualification Examination PaperFor the Postgraduates of Information Engineering UniversityPaper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 25 points)Section 1:Directions: In this section, you are going to listen to an IT professional discussing the dangers of the internet. Before you listen, look at questions one to ten. The conversation will be read only once.Questions 1--7Complete the table below. Write no more than three words for each answer.Questions 8--10Choose the correct letters A-C.8. What do email service providers do to protect you?A. issue expensive phone billsB. provide filter functionsC. provide an identity9. How do offenders avoid detection?A. They take a lot from many people.B. They take a little from one person.C. They take a little from many people.10. Who can you seek for assistance?A. the victimsB. institutions and organizationsC. an internet officeSection 2: PassagesDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage 111. A. How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds.B. The differences between a baby’s and an adult’s ability to comprehend language.C. How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their early stages of languagedevelopment.D. The response of a baby to sounds other than the human voice.12. A. To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds.B. To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry.C. To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds.D. To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like.13. A. Babies who are exposed to more than one language can acquire language earlier than thoseto a single language.B. Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in a similar way.C. The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.D. Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending their parents’ language.14. A. They understand the rhythm.B. They enjoy the sounds of them.C. They can remember them easily.D. They focus on their parents’ work.Passage 215. A. The new system the immigration office hasB. The tips for applicants to line upC. The information immigrants have to provideD. The procedure applicants have to obey16. A. They are scared of the thieves.B. They are more careful than before.C. They are afraid of being sent back home.D. There are no thieves now.17. A. They start lining up outside the building at 6:00 p.m.B. They can finish their application in an hour.C. They have to make an appointment 15 minutes before.D. 40 applicants can be processed in an hour.Passage 318. A. It won’t have any side-effectB. It can be as effective as conventional treatmentsC. It can kill drug-resistant tumoursD. It can stop cancer cells from spreading in the body19. A. How to strengthen the body’s immune systemB. How to inject viruses directly into tumoursC. How to allow viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs doD. How to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours effectively20. A. To use it to cure 75% of the patients with malignant cancersB. To apply it to treat all kinds of cancersC. To make it accepted by the patients with incurable cancersD. To apply it to those with secondary cancersSection 3: Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.From a personal 21. _______, to doing searches on the Internet, to the autopilot function, simple artificial intelligence, or AI, has been around for some time, but is quickly getting more 22. _______ and more intelligent.“If we are going to make systems that are going to be more intelligent than us, it’s absolutely essential for us to understand how to absolutely 23. _______ that they only do things that we are happy with.”Computer science professor Stuart Russell says, many present-day jobs that are labor 24. _______, or require data analysis, such as in the financial industry, will be replaced by machines with artificial intelligence.“But if we replaced all the jobs that require human physical labor and then we replace all the jobs that require human mental labor, then you have to ask about what, what’s left?”Guruduth Banavar of IBM sees a future in which new jobs skills will be 25. _______.“The future will require everybody to work with these learning reasoning machines. So I think the skill set for many of these jobs will end up being different in the future.”Russell envisions that AI will change the economy and the 26. _______life.“Most people will be employed, possibly even self-employed, in providing 27. _______ personal services to other human beings, that we won’t have mass employment in manufacturing or in financial services. The kinds of scenarios where there is a giant factory or a giant office building with thousands of people doing the same thing will go away.”Artificial intelligence is already transforming the health care industry. AI can process huge 28. _______ data and have the most up-to-date research to help doctors diagnose and treat patients. IBM’s Watson 29. _______________________________________________________ in North and South America, Europe and Asia.“The difference between going to a doctor who has Wats on versus not having Watson is very big, because when you go to a doctor today you might find somebody who is 10 years out of date.”But there is also a dangerous side of artificial intelligence-autonomous weapons out of drone technology .“The risk with a utonomous weapons is that people will use them as a kind of poor man’s weapon of mass destruction-a poor man’s nuclear weapon.”Russell says 30. _______________________________________________ to ban this type of weapon.“It is a race against time because the weapons are starting to emerge, the research is moving into development, development is moving into production.”While it is up for debate whether artificial intelligence will hurt or benefit mankind, researchers say, it is a fact that 31. __________________________________________________ many aspects of life.Part II Reading Comprehension (25 minutes, 15 points)AI-spyARTIFICIAL intelligence (AI) is barging its way into business. As our special report this week explains, firms of all types are harnessing AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers. In 2017 companies spent around $22bn on AI related mergers and acquisitions, about 26 times more than in 2015. The McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank, reckons that just applying AI to marketing, sales and supply chains could create economic value, including profits and efficiencies, of $2.7trn over the next 20 years. Google’s boss has gone so far as to declare that AI will do more for humanity than fire or electricity.Such forecasts kindle anxiety as well as hope. Many fret that AI could destroy jobs faster than it creates them. Barriers to entry from owning and generating data could lead to a handful of dominant firms in every industry.Less familiar, but just as important, is how AI will transform the workplace. Using AI, managers can gain extraordinary control over their employees. Amazon has patented a wristband that tracks the hand movements of warehouse workers and uses vibrations to make them more efficient. Workday, a software firm, sums up around 60 factors to predict which employees will leave. Humanyze, a startup, sells smart ID cards that can track employees around the office and reveal how well they interact with colleagues.Surveillance at work is nothing new. Factory workers have long clocked in and out; bosses can already see what idle workers do on their computers. But AI makes surveillance worthwhile, because every bit of data is potentially valuable. Few laws govern how data are collected at work, and many employees unguardedly consent to surveillance when they sign their employment contract. Where does all this lead?Start with the benefits. AI ought to improve productivity. Slack, a workplace messaging app, helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks. Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving.Employees will gain, too. Thanks to strides in computer vision, AI can check that workers are wearing safety gear and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better.Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them. That starts with hiring. People often have biases but algorithms, if designed correctly, can be more impartial. Software can mark patterns that people might miss. Textio, a startup that uses AI to improve job descriptions, has found that women are likelier to respond to a job that mentions “developing” a team rather than “managing” one. Algor ithms will pick up differences in pay between genders and races, as well as sexual harassment and racism that human managers consciously or unconsciously overlook.Yet AI’s benefits will come with many potential drawbacks. Algorithms may not be free of the biases of their programmers. They can also have unintended consequences. The length of a commute may predict whether an employee will quit a job, but this focus may inadvertently harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity.And surveillance may make us feel being controlled. People have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives. Companies are starting to monitor how much time employees spend on breaks. Veriato, a software firm, goes so far as to track and log every keystroke employees make on their computers in order to judge how committed they are to their company. Firms can use AI to sift through not just employ ees’ professional communications but their social-media profiles, too.Some people are better placed than others to stop employers going too far. If your skills are in demand, you are more likely to be able to resist than if you are easy to replace. Paid-by-the-hour workers in low-wage industries such as retailing will be especially vulnerable. That could fuel a revival of labour unions seeking to represent employees’ interests and to set norms. Even then, the choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.As regulators and employers weigh the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to guide its spread. First, data should be anonymised where possible. Microsoft, for example, has a product that shows individuals how they manage their time in the office, but gives managers information only in aggregated form. Second, the use of AI ought to be transparent. Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their work places and which data are being gathered. As a matter of routine, algorithms used by firms to hire, fire and promote should be tested for bias and unintended consequences. Last, countries should let individuals request their own data, whether they are ex-workers wishing to contest a dismissal or jobseekers hoping to demonstrate their ability to prospective employers.The march of AI into the workplace calls for trade-offs between privacy and performance. A fairer, more productive workforce is a prize worth having, but not if it restricts and dehumanizes employees. Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt, and a strong dose of humanity.Section A: Questions 32-36 (5×1=5 points)Directions: Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In blanks 32-36 on your answer sheet, chooseA for TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.B for FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.C for NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.32.Google’s boss has gone too far to declare that AI will do more for humanity than fi re orelectricity.33.People are worried that with the development of AI, every industry will be controlled by onlya few companies because obstacles exist in owning and generating data.34.Many employees disagree with the surveillance when they sign their employment contract.35.Algorithms, if designed correctly, can entirely avoid biases in workplace.bour unions seeking to represent employe es’ inte rests oppose the application of AI inworkplace.Section B: Questions 37-44 (8×1=8 points)Directions: Complete the summary below. Write ONE WORD ONL Y from the passage for each blank. Write your answers in blanks 37-44 on your answer sheet.37.Predictions on AI brought us not only _______, but also hope.38.__________ at work has existed for a long time. For example, time recorders are widely usedin factories and offices; workers are observed by their bosses on computers.39.Machines can help ensure _________ in pay rises and promotions if algorithms are designedcorrectly.40.If your skills are not in demand, you will be especially _________, and are less likely to beable to resist the surveillance.41.In ________ the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to be consideredto guide its spread.42.To keep personal privacy, data should be __________ where possible.43.Individuals should be allowed to _______ their own data, no matter they are ex-workers orjobseekers.44.The application of AI in the workplace calls for a _________ between privacy and efficiency.Section C: Question 45 (2 points)Directions: Paraphrase the following sentence. Write your answer in the blank 45 on your answer sheet.45. The choice in some jobs will be between being replaced by a robot or being treated like one.______________________________________________________________________________ ———————————————————————————————————————Part III. Translation (40 minutes, 20 points)Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)46.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on the Answer Sheet.A claim more often made by mathematicians is that mathematics is one of the finest flowerings of the human spirit, a temple of enduring knowledge built piece by piece over the ages. But if so it is a temple with few worshipers, unknown to most of humankind. Mathematics plays no role in mass culture, it cannot evoke the emotions and inspire the awe that music and sculpture do, it is not a significant companion in the lives of more than a very few. And yet it is worth asking whether mathematics is essentially remote, or merely poorly communicated. Perhaps it is a remediable ignorance, not an inability that now limits appreciation and enjoyment of mathematics by a wider audience.Section B(20 minutes, 10 points)47.Directions: Translate the following paragraph into English. Write your English version on the Answer Sheet.物联网是由物理对象，例如：设备、车辆和建筑等等，连接而成的网络。
2020年全国英语竞赛《A类研究生》初赛试题及答案
2020年全国英语竞赛《A类研究生》初赛试题及答案[问答题]1.Section A (5 marks)Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. Young people are watching less and less news on television.A research suggests that young people are increasingly using social media as their primary news source.There is evidence that young people are consuming news more actively via social media.It suggests presenting news stories in a less complicated, more accessible way to adivivact young people’s attention.Some people suggested this would be “dumbing down (使……容易理解) content for young audiences”.参考答案：在电视上看新闻的年轻人越来越少。
研究表明，年轻人越来越多地使用社交媒体作为他们主要的新闻来源。
有证据表明，年轻人更多地通过社交媒体看新闻。
这表明要以一种不那么复杂、更容易接触的方式呈现新闻，以吸引年轻人的注意力。
有些人认为这将“便于年轻观众了解新闻内容”。
参考解析：翻译要点：①via通过。
②consume本意为“消耗，消费”，这里指获取新闻。
③in a…way以……的方式。
④在翻译本段时，注意不同的语境下suggest的含义。
考研英语-试卷13_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考研英语-试卷13(总分142, 做题时间90分钟)1. Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C orD.Capital City and Smithsville are two fairly large towns in theMidwest near Chicago. Neither is as well known as Chicago. (1)_____the inhabitants of both are equally proud of their (2)_____ hometown. People in Capital City love its quiet narrow (3)_____ streets and its many small neighborhood parks, the boast (4)_____ their hometown hasno ugly slums, a low rate (5)_____ crime, and very little heavytraffic. Because it is the seat of the state legislature, CapitalCity has many stately old buildings—(6)_____ the lawyer"s club inthe park by the lake, and the country museum (7)_____ its pioneerfarm exhibits. Smithsville, (8)_____,is a bustling, thriving, industrial center. It too has a lake, but (9)_____ that of Capital City, its lake is the center of the city"s industrial development. (10)_____ trees and park benches, Smithsville"s lake is surrounded by factories and smoking chimneys. Smithsville is also (11)_____ itsquieter neighbour in its style of (12)_____. The tall modern office buildings downtown, the new shopping center in the suburbs, and thewide crowded streets seem (13)_____ to Smithsville"s residents thanthe old-fashioned neighbourhoods (14)_____. When people from the more rural city (15)_____ from a visit to Smithsville, they alwayssay, "I"m glad to be home again. That lake makes me (16)_____. It"s a fine place to visit, (17)_____ I wouldn"t want to live (18)_____".(19)_____ a visit to Capital City, citizens of Smithsville say(20)_____ the same.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.A ButB AndC ThusD Therefore该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：因为前面提到这两座城市都没有芝加哥有名，后面又说两市的市民为自己的城市感到骄傲，显然这里有一个转折语气，所以此空选用but比较合适。
13年考研英语真题及解析
10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn‘t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant‘s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn‘t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would be described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Cline‘sthree-year indictment of ―fast fashion‖. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encouragestyle-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don‘t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. Byoffering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world‘s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan‘s The Omnivore‘s Dilemma. ―Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-du rable and wasteful,‖ Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can‘t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can‘t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word ―indictment‖ (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim―behavioural‖ ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of suchfine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tellwhether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft‘s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogger: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that ―behavioural‖ ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. ―The industry‖ (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciation[D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN‘s ―Red List‖ suggest that human bei ng are[A] a sustained species[B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world‘s dominant power[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet‘s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona‘s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration‘s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona‘s contr oversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to ―establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ‖and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court‘s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately ―occupied the field‖ and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal‘s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who com e in contact with law enforcement. That‘s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as ―a shocking assertion of federal executive power‖. The White House argued that Arizona‘s laws c onflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asse rting that because it didn‘t want to carry out Congress‘s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona‘s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers‘ duty to withhold immigrants ‗information.[B] States‘ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States‘ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress‘s intervention in im migration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states‘ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states‘ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answerson ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number ofsocial-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today‘s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development andhealth.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers . Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords ―environmental changed‖ or ―climate change‖ have increased rap idly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community‘s work contributes much to an overall accumulat ion of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today‘s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals, and one that isproblem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior. All require behavioral change and social innovations, as well as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G]During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Section III Translation46. Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a ―still point of the turning world,‖ to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure isa state of mind made possible by the structuring of one‘s relation to one‘s environment.(48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce frominto an urban environment where it either didn‘t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49) most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a ―liberated‖ sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life－assuming uncanny representational forms.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, invitinghim/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail, Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2013年考研英语一真题答案解析1.【答案】A【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。
(完整word版)上海大学公共英语秋试卷A
上海大学2013 ～2014学年秋季学期研究生试题A卷课程名称：写作1 课程编号：001704G2学分：0.5(请在答题纸上答题，否则无效)Part One: Diction （20%）（10—20%可以来自于课本）Directions: Choose the right one from the following two choices marked A or B.1.The argument can only be settled by someone who is __________.A. disinterestedB. uninterested2.This is an interesting book with vivid account of __________ events and people.A. historicB. historical3.The information was __________ as a result of various experiments.A. obtainedB. acquired4.If no one takes the __________ and plan for the trip, we will never leave home.A. initialB. initiative5.From her conversation, I __________ that she had a happy family.A. induceB. deduce6.I don’t know the results of the tests yet. __________, why are you so interested in them?A. SomehowB. Anyhow7. He gave his clearest _____ yet that he will keep racing.A. indicationB. prediction8．He hoped the firm would _____ him to the Paris branch.A. transmitB. transfer9. Jim Lovell talked about the current situation at NASA during an _____ to mark the fortieth anniversary of Apollo Thirteen.A. eventB. incident10. A good scientist is highly __________ since he often has to look for relations in data which are oftencomplex and incomplete.A. imaginativeB. imaginary11. I seem to have _____ myself in something I don’t understand.A. evolvedB. involved12. I'm very sorry to have _____ you with so many questions on such an occasion.A. interferedB. bothered13. When you have filled in the questionnaire, copy it and send the _____ to your employer.A. originalB. initial14. People don’t like to ask questions for fear of app earing _____.A. illiterateB. ignorant15. From Mexico, President Obama traveled Friday to the Caribbean nation of Trinidad and Tobago for the Fifth _____ of the Americas.A. ConferenceB. Summit16. She was a woman of _____ talent and determination.A. singleB. unique17. FM radio stations _____ in a range of frequencies between eighty-eight and one hundred eight megahertz.A. transportB. transmit18. Police are still trying to _____ the identity of the dead man.A. establishB. find19. We all need the _____ escape route from the boring, routine aspects of our lives.A. occasionalB. incidental20. I work very _____ and am decisive, and accurate in my judgment.A. effectivelyB. efficientlyPart Two Sentence (20%) （80%--90%来自于课本）Section A. Combine the following sentences into compound or complex sentences or sentences with participial, prepositional, or other phrases. (10%)1.She appeared on the stage. A stormy applause broke forth.st night was a wild night. The thunder roared. The wind blew a gale. The rain fell in torrents.3. He heard that his father was ill. He was anxious to go home to see him. He went to the station earlyin the morning to buy a ticket.4. There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane. About one third of them wereforeigners.3. The new workers are young and inexperienced. They are eager to learn from the veteran workers. Section B Rewrite the following sentences to make them unified or coherent or concise. (10%)1. To get ready for the trip, all the things she needed were put into a suitcase.2. A well-dressed man admitted us to the house, and we later learned that he was a thief.3. I lost some important documents and found them five days later. The police had helped me.4. The plane circled around the airport for about ten minutes or so and then disappeared and could nolonger be seen.5. The students promised to be careful and that they would return home early.Part Three: Paragraph (20%) 课外Section A: Read the following paragraph and identify the topic sentence. (5%) Most of us have been taken in by the notion that speed of reading is a measure of our intelligence. There is no such thing as the right speed for intelligent reading. Some things should be read quickly and effortlessly, and some should be read slowly and even laboriously. The sign of intelligence in reading is the ability to read different things differently according to their worth. In the case of good books, the point is not to see how many of them you can get through but rather how many can get through you —how many you can make your own. A few friends are better than a thousand acquaintances. If this be your aim, as it should be, you will not be impatient if it takes more time and effort to read a great book than it does a newspaper.Topic Sentence:Section B: Fill in the blanks with appropriate transitional words from the box. (10 %)Task 1A. becauseB. as soon asC. afterD. whereasE. considering that(1) ________ Harold Krents was totally blind by his eighth birthday, his achievements are extraordinary. Life is not easy when one’s vision is impaired. When he was in high school, Krents’classmates elected him president of his school. (2) ________ Krents was brilliant, he was accepted byHarvard. Before he went to college, he spent the summer as an arts counselor at camp. (3) ________ others have difficulty finding their way around the tents in the dark, Krents moved about easily and kept the campers quiet after taps. (4) ________ he had graduated cum laude from Harvard University, he was accepted at Harvard Law School. (5) ________ he heard Krent’s story, Leonard Gershe wrote the play Butterflies Are Free.Task 2A. whenB. whileC. sinceD. becauseE. although(1) ________ the earth revolves around the sun, different constellations can be seen at different times of the year. (2) ________it can be very helpful in locating constellations, you must learn how to use a star map effectively. Astronomers use both binoculars and telescopes to observe the stars. (3) ________ you look at a constellation, you may see a planet wandering through it. (4) ________ there are eighty eight constellations, only about ten dozen constellations are visible at any time. (5) ________ the earth revolves around the sun, some constellations can be seen only during certain seasons.Section C: Put the following sentences in a logical order. （5%）A. Visual learners usually learn best when the teacher provides written study notes, writes on thechalkboard and uses an overhead projector to explain concepts.B. Visual learners frequently take detailed notes in class, when studying from a textbook or listening tolectures.C. If this sounds like you then you are probably a visual learner—many people are.D. Individuals that learn best when ideas or subjects are presented in a visual format, whether that iswritten language, pictures, diagrams or videos are visual learners.E. They also create diagrams and use pictures to understand and remember concepts and ideas.Part Four:Essay Writing: (40%) 课外Directions: Write an essay in around 200 words according to ONE of the following pieces of information.1.The unemployment rate in China has been steadily rising. Graduates are forced to take up jobs asbutchers, shoe polishers and nursemaids and some fresh graduates are even in unpaid internships.Write an essay of about 200 words, expressing your views on the new graduates’ job expectations, and “Should New Graduates Lower Job Expectations?” can be a possible topic.2. “Technology has given people easy access to everyone’s lives. Fans are able to feel a part of theirfavorite celebrity’s everyday life by tracking their whereabouts.” What do you think are the impacts celebrities might produce on young people? Express your opinion in about 200 words and use specific details to support your answer.3. Many people believe that e-books will one day replace traditional books. Do you agree or disagreewith the opinion? Express your opinion in about 200 words and ensure that you take a clear-cut stand.4. Comment on the advantages or disadvantages of video games. Express your opinion in about 200words with specific details.上海大学2013 ～2014 学秋季学期研究生试题A卷课程名称：写作1 课程编号：考试日期：2013年11月应试人声明：我保证遵守《上海大学学位与研究生教育工作手册》中的《上海大学考场规则》，如有考试违纪、作弊行为，愿意接受《上海大学学生考试违纪、作弊行为界定及处分规定》的纪律处分。
上海大学英语考试
Vocabulary and structure1.It’s none of your business, you have no right to ______.2. a.disturb b.interfere c.interrupt d.obtain3.I wish I could give you the ______ to your problems.4. a.conclusion b.answer c.end d.reply5.To ______ greater accuracy, all invoices will be double-checked before leaving the office.6. a.confirm b.insure c.assure d.ensure7.Peter showed her his draft of the report, and ______ her suggestion.8. a.appealed b.required c.asked d.demanded9.Can you ______ the truth of his statement?10.a.deny b.refuse c.decline d.reject11.We finally ______ an agreement after a lot of hard bargaining.12.a.arrived b.did c.reached d.drove13.It takes years to ______ as a doctor.14.a.qualify b.practice plete d.pass15.I don’t really know how to ______ the problem.16.a.set in b.tackle c.cope d.draw17.He said he couldn’t ______ to retire from work and live only on his pension.18.a.risk b.afford c.accept d.depend19.It is ______ of you to turn down the TV while your sister is still ill in bed.20.a.concerned b.careful c.considerate d.considerable21.It is important that you ______ to the dean before leaving for your vacation.22.a.speak b.spoke c.have spoken d.are speaking23.It’s about time people ______ notice of what women did during the war.24.a.took b.take c.have taken d.will take25.I’d have come with you ______ I am so busy.26.a.except for b.provided that c.but that d.so long as27.I wish you ______ me yesterday.28.a.tell b.could tell c.would tell d.had toldI failed in my new job.If only I ______ my parents.29.a.listened to b.had listened to c.have listened to d.would listen to30.I’d rather you ______ those important documents with you.31.a.not take b.don’t take c.won’t take d.didn’t take32.But for your help we ______ late.33.a.would be b.would have been c.had been d.were34.I left as though we ______ each other for years.35.a.have known b.knew c.had known d.would have known36.I’d rather you ______ me a new one instead of having it repaired as you did.37.a.had given b.have given c.gave d.giving38.It is time the kids ______.1. a.go to bad b.went to bed c.have gone to bed d.had gone to bed2.Although trees and land have been ______, the animals are disappearing.3. a.insured b.ensured c.secured d.assured4.Hunting is thought to be ______ for the extinction of some wildlife.5. a.responsible b.blamed c.charged d.denounced6.It so ______ that two men were caught in the act of hunting wildlife in Daxinganling.7. a.occurred b.happened c.took place d.arose8.People have done a lot in stopping the loss of wildlife habitat, which is expected to ______the slaughter.9. a.end b.finish plete d.achieve10.The problems such as deforestation and population explosion were ______ at an earlier timethan animal hunting.11.a.forecast b.foreseen c.estimated d.expected12.The rising slaughter ______ a formidable challenge for the next century.13.a.sums b.amounts c.adds d.increases14.The ______ cause of the rapid growth of population is attributed to the uncontrolledbirthrate.15.a.underlying b.essential c.elemental d.basic16.______ logging roads is thought to be helpful for protecting wildlife.17.a.Clearing b.Closing c.Closing off d.Clearing up18.Seeds are ______ in the forest to grow into trees.19.a.sprayed b.spread c.spilled d.splashed20.Tigers are suffering from lack of ______, which are being killed by humans.21.a.insects b.pests c.preys d.beasts22.Selling furs of wildlife can ______ a lot of money.23.a.bring in b.bring out c.bring about d.bring up24.By 2020, the silent dawn ______ in those forests, where animals are largely gone.25.a.is occurring b.occurs c.occurred d.could be occurring26.By hunting, we are losing the animals that make the forests ______.27.a.function b.functioning c.functioned d.have functioned28.Conservationists are struggling to protect a natural world reeling from ______ threats aspopulation growth, deforestation and pollution.29.a.so b.such c.those d.these30.______ to the recent research, some cigarette smokers are becoming health-conscious.a.Respondb.Responded31.c.Responding d.Having been responded32.People sell the hunted wildlife ______ food or medicine.33.a.for b.to c.at d.with34.Daylight ______ the small village.35.a.breaks out b.breaks into c.breaks on d.breaks downI don’t know why he complains about his low salary all the time.He doesn’t earn as ______as I do.36.a.less b.few c.little d.more37.It was in 1985 ______ a hole in the ozone layer over the Antarctic was noticed.38.a.which b.where c.when d.that39.Every week, a staggering 10 000 square kilometers of tropical rainforest are ______.1. a.cut off b.cut up c.cut out d.cut down2.Peter was ______ diligent than Jack because both of them failed the final examination.3. a.no less b.not much c.no more d.not more4.Only when you have obtained sufficient data ______ come to a sound conclusion.5. a.can you b.would you c.you would d.you can6.“Hurry up, or the tickets ______ out by the time we get there.”a.will have been soldb.will sell7. c.have sold d.have been sold8.Human beings are superior to animals ______ they can use language to communicate.9. a.for that b.with which c.in that d.to which10.The atmosphere of the earth is ______ the moon.a.much denser thanb.much denser than that of11.c.more dense than d.more dense than those of12.The children went there to watch the iron tower ______.13.a.erect b.erecting c.erected d.being erected14.Bats begin their flight as soon as the sun begins to sink ______ the horizon.15.a.beyond b.beneath c.below d.down16.______ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountain gives him a sense of peace.a.When one is walkingb.If walking17.c.Walking d.While walking18.He ______ to the movies, had he known that Jane would be free.a.would gob.had gone19.c.will have gone d.would have gone20.______, she couldn’t work out the problem at that moment.a.Clever although she wasb.As she was clever21.c.She was clever, though d.Clever as she was22.The government is trying to do something to ______ better understanding between the twocountries.23.a.raise b.promote c.heighten d.increase24.There is not the ______ doubt about what he said.25.a.smallest b.slightest c.weakest d.thinnest26.At the sight of the bear, the ______ girl burst into tears.27.a.frighten b.frightened c.frightful d.frightening28.The whole village ______ to welcome the foreign visitors.29.a.turned out b.turned up c.turned over d.turned off30.They suspected that the secret had been ______ by one of their friends.31.a.given off b.given away c.given up d.given out32.American women had been ______ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hardstruggle.33.a.ignored b.denied c.neglected d.refused34.He stopped the car to ______ a young girl who was hitch-hiking across Europe.35.a.take in b.get on c.put down d.pick up36.Though the job was hard and new to them, they ______ accomplish it in two weeks.a.managed tob.went toc.came tod.succeeded to37.She felt ______ when she saw that her children were safe from the NATO’s bombing.a.assuredb.relievedc.relaxedforted38.We are advised that the equipment will be shipped here on due time with its ______ manual.a.directionb.directivec.instructived.instructionReading comprehensionEverywhere we’ve traveled we’ve been asked, plex and valuable mixture of individual national traditions, fashions, and beliefs.1.What’s the main idea of this passage?rmation technologies bring us into a “global village”.b.People from different cultures can share many things on the Internet.c.In spite of information technologies, different cultures remain different.d.People enjoy watching foreign shows and eating foreign foods.2.What can be inferred from the passage?a.The world is going to be a “global village”which all people will enjoy.b.The assembly line is one feature of low-tech mass production society.c.People would like to share the same culture all over the world.d.Web-televiewers will enable us to set up a “global village”.3.The passage implies that ______.a.technological and social change always brings about change in culture.b.culture always bring about technological and social changec.technological and social change never brings about change in cultured.culture never bring about technological and social change4.The passage suggests that high-tech developments bring about ______.a.more influence on culture in a developed society than in a developing oneb.less influence on culture in a developed society than in a developing onec.as great an influence on culture in a developed society as in a developing oned.no influence on culture at all in either a developed or a developing society5.Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?a.IT enables people to get easy access to foreign cultures.b.People in different cultures have different ideas of accepting different cultures.c.Disney is an example of a combination of different cultures.d.There won’t be a “global village”.In some place cars are forbidden in city centers altogether.……how often they have driven into the city center.1.Where do people have to share a car if they want to go to the city center?a.In Hong Kong.b.In Florencec.In Singapore.d.In Britain.2.The Park and Ride scheme in Britain aims at ______.a.limiting cars entering the city centerb.improving the public transport systemc.providing more buses in the city centerd.setting up a computer-based traffic system3.The government of the Netherlands is especially interested in building cycle paths, for ___.a.many people have bikesb.cycle paths are convenient to buildc.the country is very flatd.it wants to save money4.In the city center of Florence ______.a.cars are allowed only at nightb.cars are forbidden altogetherc.people walk in the morning and eveningd.people are fined if they use cars5.The best title for the passage would be ______.a.Ways to Save moneying Cars but Not Bikesc.Walking in the City Centerd.Problems of Using CarsOne of the most unusual graduation speakers of the 1983 commencement season was not a person at all....…but you won’t forget a robot.”1.Robot Redford’s speech was discussed in this article mainly because ______.a.it was politicalb.it was controversialc.it was interestingd.it was insensitive2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?a.Robot Redford was a talking machine.b.Robot Redford walked to the stage by itself.c.Robot Redford graduated from a college in Maryland.d.Robot Redford made a graduation speech in 1983.3.Which of the following statements can be supported by the passage?a.A robot was designed to let humans decrease their productivity.b.Everybody at the commencement was pleased with the arrangement.c.Robot Redford was the brainchild of William Bakaleinikoff.d.Robot Redford’s speech was too difficult to understand.4.According to the passage, an amplified voice is a voice which ______.es from the designerb.sounds more attractivec.is unnatural to human earsd.is made louder5.We can infer from the passage that Robot Redford was at the commencement is order to ______.a.make the commencement more successfulb.lessen the chair’s workload to deliver the commencement addressc.display the advantages of the new inventiond.remind people of the need for cooperation with technologyThe game of golf has become more popular each year.……Together, they already cover an area about the size of Belgium.1.The sandy soil ______.a.can pollute natural water suppliesb.is rather poor in absorbing chemicalsc.is the best place to build golf coursesd.can take a large amount of fertilizer2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?a.Golf courses consume a lot of water.b.Each year many new golf courses are built.c.There is grass growing on the golf course.d.There are many golf courses in Belgium3.We can infer from the passage that ______.a.golf courses already cover a large areab.underdeveloped areas should be protectedc.the forest near Saigon is a well protected aread.golf courses development is speeding up4.The author’s purpose in writing the passage is ______.a.to warn against the fast expansion of golf coursesb.to explain how to limit golf gamesc.to show how to protect the environmentd.to criticize golf course developers5.Golf courses may bring many problems EXCEPT ______.a.consuming much waterb.destroying natural areasc.poisoning sandy soilsd.polluting water suppliesShopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman.……Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.1.When a man is buying clothes, ______.a.he buys cheap things, regardless of qualityb.he chooses things that others recommendc.he does not mind how much he has to pay for the tight thingsd.he buys good quality things, so long as they are not too dear2.What do men care about before they buy the new clothes?a.They care about the size.b.They care about the price.c.They make sure a thing fits before they buy it.d.They make sure that the style is right.3.What does the passage tell us about women shoppers for clothes?a.They welcome suggestions for anyone.b.Women rarely consider buying cheap clothes.c.Women often buy thing without giving the matter proper thought.d.They try to buy clothes for more than its real value.4.When women go on trying new clothes, their husbands ______.a.stay with them and sit on the chairs waitingb.stay and wait outside the shopc.go window shopping aroundd.go to buy something for themselves5.What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers?a.The fact that men do not try clothes on in a shop.b.Women bargain for their clothes, but men care less about money.c.Women buy more than men.d.The time they take over buying clothes.Cloze1.Jim, from New York, was …… and didn’t know what he’d done wrong.1. a.taking b.sitting c.attending d.holding2. a.trip b.journey c.travel d.voyage3. a.forgot b.reminded c.remembered d.recalled4. a.joking b.talking ughing d.approving5. a.pleased b.surprised c.depressed d.excited6. a.far b.even c.enough d.rather7. a.expected b.expects c.expecting d.expecting of8. a.But b.And c.Still d.As9. a.food b.idea c.discussion d.subject10. a.interrupted b.defeated c.concerned d.excluded2.London was originally established …… Tokyo and other major capitals.1. a.for b.by c.with d.of2. a.whose b.that c.which d.who3. a.position b.location c.place d.state4. a.where b.when c.that d.which5. ual b.ordinary mon d.popular6. a.spoiled b.destroyed c.damaged d.injured7. a.by b.of c.from d.in8. a.looked b.saw c.regarded d.thought9. a.dropped b.failed c.decreased d.declined10. a.for b.with c.to d.asThe dumpling of material in the world’s oceans has a long history.……become increasingly important.1. a.Goods b.Objects c.Stocks d.Matters2. a.amount b.range c.variety d.collection3. a.discarding b.removing c.spreading d.dismissing4. a.stages b.bases c.fields d.platforms5. a.relieved b.sent c.freed d.released6. a.surroundings b.surrounded c.surrounding d.surround7. a.until b.for c.since d.during8. a.practiced b.arranged c.regulated d.close9. a.With b.For c.Though d.As10. a.sustainable b.preventable c.noticeable d.changeable3.Advertising is an important …… 5 billion is spent on advertising each year.1. a.substance b.element c.subject d.affair2. a.service b.assistance c.advantage d.duty3. a.senior b.humble c.inferior d.superior4. a.range b.amount c.sort d.variety5. a.target b.victim c.goal d.mark6. a.equipment b.instrument c.device d.media7. a.mail b.shopping c.distribution d.sales8. a.eager b.generous c.difficult d.potential9. a.develop b.developed c.developing d.development10. a.similarly b.properly c.approximately d.relativelyTranslate (Chinese to English)1.我想和你分住这个房间。
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上海大学2013 ～2014学年秋季学期研究生试题A卷课程名称：写作1 课程编号：001704G2学分：0.5(请在答题纸上答题，否则无效)Part One: Diction （20%）（10—20%可以来自于课本）Directions: Choose the right one from the following two choices marked A or B.1.The argument can only be settled by someone who is __________.A. disinterestedB. uninterested2.This is an interesting book with vivid account of __________ events and people.A. historicB. historical3.The information was __________ as a result of various experiments.A. obtainedB. acquired4.If no one takes the __________ and plan for the trip, we will never leave home.A. initialB. initiative5.From her conversation, I __________ that she had a happy family.A. induceB. deduce6.I don’t know the results of the tests yet. __________, why are you so interested in them?A. SomehowB. Anyhow7. He gave his clearest _____ yet that he will keep racing.A. indicationB. prediction8．He hoped the firm would _____ him to the Paris branch.A. transmitB. transfer9. Jim Lovell talked about the current situation at NASA during an _____ to mark the fortieth anniversary of Apollo Thirteen.A. eventB. incident10. A good scientist is highly __________ since he often has to look for relations in data which are oftencomplex and incomplete.A. imaginativeB. imaginary11. I seem to have _____ myself in something I don’t understand.A. evolvedB. involved12. I'm very sorry to have _____ you with so many questions on such an occasion.A. interferedB. bothered13. When you have filled in the questionnaire, copy it and send the _____ to your employer.A. originalB. initial14. People don’t like to ask questions for fear of appearing _____.A. illiterateB. ignorant15. From Mexico, President Obama traveled Friday to the Caribbean nation of Trinidad and Tobago for the Fifth _____ of the Americas.A. ConferenceB. Summit16. She was a woman of _____ talent and determination.A. singleB. unique17. FM radio stations _____ in a range of frequencies between eighty-eight and one hundred eight megahertz.A. transportB. transmit18. Police are still trying to _____ the identity of the dead man.A. establishB. find19. We all need the _____ escape route from the boring, routine aspects of our lives.A. occasionalB. incidental20. I work very _____ and am decisive, and accurate in my judgment.A. effectivelyB. efficientlyPart Two Sentence (20%) （80%--90%来自于课本）Section A. Combine the following sentences into compound or complex sentences or sentences with participial, prepositional, or other phrases. (10%)1.She appeared on the stage. A stormy applause broke forth.st night was a wild night. The thunder roared. The wind blew a gale. The rain fell in torrents.3. He heard that his father was ill. He was anxious to go home to see him. He went to the station earlyin the morning to buy a ticket.4. There were over two hundred passengers on board the plane. About one third of them wereforeigners.3. The new workers are young and inexperienced. They are eager to learn from the veteran workers. Section B Rewrite the following sentences to make them unified or coherent or concise. (10%)1. To get ready for the trip, all the things she needed were put into a suitcase.2. A well-dressed man admitted us to the house, and we later learned that he was a thief.3. I lost some important documents and found them five days later. The police had helped me.4. The plane circled around the airport for about ten minutes or so and then disappeared and could nolonger be seen.5. The students promised to be careful and that they would return home early.Part Three: Paragraph (20%) 课外Section A: Read the following paragraph and identify the topic sentence. (5%) Most of us have been taken in by the notion that speed of reading is a measure of our intelligence. There is no such thing as the right speed for intelligent reading. Some things should be read quickly and effortlessly, and some should be read slowly and even laboriously. The sign of intelligence in reading is the ability to read different things differently according to their worth. In the case of good books, the point is not to see how many of them you can get through but rather how many can get through you —how many you can make your own. A few friends are better than a thousand acquaintances. If this be your aim, as it should be, you will not be impatient if it takes more time and effort to read a great book than it does a newspaper.Topic Sentence:Section B: Fill in the blanks with appropriate transitional words from the box. (10 %)Task 1are extraordinary. Life is not easy when one’s vision is impaired. When he was in high school, Krents’classmates elected him president of his school. (2) ________ Krents was brilliant, he was accepted byHarvard. Before he went to college, he spent the summer as an arts counselor at camp. (3) ________ others have difficulty finding their way around the tents in the dark, Krents moved about easily and kept the campers quiet after taps. (4) ________ he had graduated cum laude from Harvard University, he was accepted at Harvard Law School. (5) ________ he heard Krent’s story, Leonard Gershe wrote the play Butterflies Are Free.Task 2(1) ________ the earth revolves around the sun, different constellations can be seen at different times of the year. (2) ________it can be very helpful in locating constellations, you must learn how to use a star map effectively. Astronomers use both binoculars and telescopes to observe the stars. (3) ________ you look at a constellation, you may see a planet wandering through it. (4) ________ there are eighty eight constellations, only about ten dozen constellations are visible at any time. (5) ________ the earth revolves around the sun, some constellations can be seen only during certain seasons.Section C: Put the following sentences in a logical order. （5%）A. Visual learners usually learn best when the teacher provides written study notes, writes on thechalkboard and uses an overhead projector to explain concepts.B. Visual learners frequently take detailed notes in class, when studying from a textbook or listening tolectures.C. If this sounds like you then you are probably a visual learner—many people are.D. Individuals that learn best when ideas or subjects are presented in a visual format, whether that iswritten language, pictures, diagrams or videos are visual learners.E. They also create diagrams and use pictures to understand and remember concepts and ideas.Part Four:Essay Writing: (40%) 课外Directions: Write an essay in around 200 words according to ONE of the following pieces of information.1.The unemployment rate in China has been steadily rising. Graduates are forced to take up jobs asbutchers, shoe polishers and nursemaids and some fresh graduates are even in unpaid internships.Write an essay of about 200 words, expressing your views on the new graduates’ job expectations, and “Should New Graduates Lower Job Expectations?” can be a possible topic.2. “Technology has given people easy access to everyone’s lives. Fans are able to feel a part of theirfavorite celebrity’s everyday life by tracking their whereabouts.” What do you think are the impacts celebrities might produce on young people? Express your opinion in about 200 words and use specific details to support your answer.3. Many people believe that e-books will one day replace traditional books. Do you agree or disagreewith the opinion? Express your opinion in about 200 words and ensure that you take a clear-cut stand.4. Comment on the advantages or disadvantages of video games. Express your opinion in about 200words with specific details.上海大学2013 ～2014 学秋季学期研究生试题A卷课程名称：写作1 课程编号：考试日期：2013年11月应试人声明：我保证遵守《上海大学学位与研究生教育工作手册》中的《上海大学考场规则》，如有考试违纪、作弊行为，愿意接受《上海大学学生考试违纪、作弊行为界定及处分规定》的纪律处分。