英语口语交际策略 [大学生英语口语交际策略及话语技巧的培养]
英语口语交际能力培养
英语口语交际能力培养在当今全球化的时代，英语口语交际能力变得越来越重要。
无论是在学习、工作还是日常生活中，能够流利、准确地用英语进行交流，都能为我们带来诸多便利和机会。
然而，对于许多人来说，提高英语口语交际能力并非易事。
那么，如何有效地培养这一能力呢？首先，要培养英语口语交际能力，必须要有大量的语言输入。
这就如同建造房屋需要足够的建筑材料一样。
我们可以通过多种途径来获取英语语言输入，比如观看英语电影、电视剧，收听英语广播、音乐，阅读英语书籍、杂志等等。
在这个过程中，我们不仅能够学习到地道的英语表达方式，还能了解到英语国家的文化背景、社会习俗等，这对于提高我们的口语交际能力非常有帮助。
观看英语电影和电视剧是一种非常有效的方式。
我们可以选择自己感兴趣的题材，比如喜剧、爱情片、科幻片等。
在观看的过程中，可以尝试关掉中文字幕，只看英文字幕或者完全不看字幕，这样能够更好地锻炼我们的听力和理解能力。
同时，还可以模仿剧中人物的语音、语调、语速，学习他们的常用表达和词汇。
收听英语广播和音乐也是不错的选择。
英语广播通常会涉及到各种时事新闻、社会热点等话题，能够让我们接触到最新、最实用的英语。
而英语音乐则可以帮助我们培养英语的语感，熟悉英语的韵律和节奏。
阅读英语书籍和杂志则能够丰富我们的词汇量和语法知识。
可以从简单的英语读物开始，逐渐过渡到难度较高的书籍。
在阅读的过程中，遇到不懂的单词和句子，可以通过查字典或者上网搜索来解决。
其次，勇于开口说英语是提高口语交际能力的关键。
很多人学了多年英语，却依然无法流利地进行交流，很大程度上是因为缺乏开口说的勇气。
不要害怕犯错，只有不断地尝试，才能不断地进步。
可以参加英语角活动，与其他英语学习者或者英语爱好者进行交流。
在英语角，大家都有着相同的学习目标，氛围比较轻松，不会因为犯错而感到尴尬。
还可以找一个语伴，互相练习口语。
通过与语伴的交流，可以及时得到反馈，发现自己的不足之处，并加以改进。
英语口头交际策略的学习与教学
英语口头交际策略的学习与教学1. 引言：英语口头交际策略的重要性如今的社会中，英语已成为全球通用的语言，每个人都需要掌握英语来面对这个多元化的世界。
在学习英语的过程中，不仅需要学会单词和语法，还需要学会如何有效地进行口头交际。
英语口头交际策略，是指在英语口语交流中所使用的各种技巧和方式。
通过有效运用英语口头交际策略，可以更好地进行英语交流，从而提高交际成功的几率。
因此，学习英语口头交际策略已成为现代英语教学的必选课程之一。
2. 英语口头交际策略的种类及特点英语口头交际策略种类繁多，可以根据不同的交际目的分为礼仪策略、表达策略、应激策略、理解策略等等。
不同的策略具有不同的特点和运用方法。
礼仪策略是指在日常英语交流中需要用到的一系列礼仪性技巧，如问候语、致谢及祝福等。
这些礼仪性道具可以提高交际成功的可能性，同时增强交往双方的感情。
表达策略主要是指如何更好地表达自己的意思，包括使用词汇的能力、语法的正确性、语言调和语音语调的运用等，这些都是使得自己的交际充满活力和吸引力的关键。
应激策略则是指如何在应对某些不利情境时，运用特定的策略，如重复问题、询问问题、请别人再讲一遍等。
理解策略则是指如何更好地理解别人说话的内容，在交流中不断修正自己的理解，确保双方理解无误。
以上几种英语口头交际策略的应用，可以使我们在英语交流中获得更广泛、更深入和更完善的理解，从而提高英语口语的流利程度和自信度。
3. 英语口头交际策略的学习方法英语口头交际策略的学习方法有哪些呢？首先，我们需要知道策略的类型及其运用方法，这是掌握英语口头交际策略的基础。
其次，我们还可以通过广泛的阅读和实践来提高英语口头交际策略的能力。
在学习的过程中可以通过与人交流来提高，也可以通过观看电影、电视节目、参与演讲活动等来提高口语技巧。
另外，许多学校会针对英语口头交际策略设置专门的培训课程，学生可以参加这些培训课程来提高自己的交际能力。
4. 英语口头交际策略在教学中的应用英语口头交际策略在现代英语教学中应用普遍，教师可以通过课程设置来教授学生这些策略。
培养英语口语的高效学习策略
培养英语口语的高效学习策略英语口语是学习英语的重要组成部分，也是很多人学习英语的目标之一。
然而，很多人在学习英语口语时遇到了困难，不知道如何提高自己的口语能力。
本文将介绍一些高效的学习策略，帮助大家培养英语口语能力。
一、多听多模仿学习英语口语的第一步是多听多模仿。
通过听英语原版电影、英语歌曲、英语广播等，可以提高自己的听力水平，同时也能够学习到地道的口语表达方式。
在听的过程中，可以模仿其中的语音语调、语速和语气，逐渐培养自己的口语感觉。
二、积累词汇和短语词汇和短语是口语表达的基础，因此积累词汇和短语是学习口语的重要一环。
可以通过背单词、阅读英语文章、听英语广播等方式来积累词汇和短语。
同时，要注意词汇和短语的正确用法和搭配，避免出现错误的口语表达。
三、多与他人交流口语是一门实践性很强的语言技能，只有通过实践才能提高。
因此，多与他人交流是提高口语能力的重要途径。
可以参加英语角、加入英语俱乐部、找外教进行口语练习等，与他人进行真实的口语交流，提高自己的口语表达能力。
四、创造语言环境创造语言环境是提高口语能力的有效方法。
可以通过多听英语、多看英语、多用英语的方式来创造语言环境。
比如，可以将手机、电脑等设备的语言设置为英语，每天阅读英语文章，用英语写日记等，让自己处在一个英语环境中，提高自己的英语口语能力。
五、利用科技手段现代科技手段为学习英语口语提供了很多便利。
可以利用手机应用、在线学习平台等工具来提高口语能力。
比如，可以使用语音识别软件进行口语练习，使用在线学习平台进行口语对话练习等。
这些科技手段可以帮助我们更加方便地进行口语学习。
六、坚持不懈学习英语口语需要坚持不懈的努力。
口语是一个需要长期积累和练习的过程，不能一蹴而就。
因此，要保持学习的热情和毅力，每天都要进行口语练习，不断提高自己的口语能力。
总结起来，培养英语口语的高效学习策略包括多听多模仿、积累词汇和短语、多与他人交流、创造语言环境、利用科技手段以及坚持不懈。
英语口语交际技巧
英语口语交际技巧1.提问技巧合适的提问可以激起对话的兴趣，引发对方的思考。
提问时可以使用开放性问题，让对方有更多的自由回答空间，例如"What do you think about...?"（对...你有什么看法？）或"How do you feel about...?"（对...你有什么感觉？）等。
2.鼓励性回应在交流过程中，我们应该给予对方积极的鼓励和回应，以展示我们对对方的尊重和关注。
例如，可以用"Really?"（真的吗？）"That's interesting."（那很有趣。
）"I see."（我明白了。
）等表达来积极回应对方的发言。
3.礼貌用语使用礼貌用语可以彰显我们的教养和礼貌，使对话更加和谐。
例如，可以用"Excuse me."（打扰一下。
）"Thank you."（谢谢你。
）"Please."（请。
）等表达来传递我们的意思。
4.适度复述5.口语流利流利的口语可以给人留下良好的印象，也有助于顺利的交流。
提高口语流利度的方法包括：多听多说，积累词汇，练习发音和语调，多和母语为英语的人交流等。
6.适时插入笑话和幽默在交流中适时的插入一些笑话或幽默可以轻松缓解气氛，让交谈更加愉快有趣。
当然，插入笑话或幽默的时候要确保不会冒犯到对方。
7.注意肢体语言肢体语言也是口语交际中的一个重要方面。
通过面部表情、手势、姿势等肢体语言可以更好地表达自己的意图和情感。
要注意肢体语言的协调和适度，使其与口语表达保持一致。
总之，英语口语交际技巧是学习英语口语的重要组成部分。
通过合适的提问、鼓励性回应、礼貌用语、适度复述、口语流利、适时插入笑话和幽默以及注意肢体语言等技巧的应用，我们可以提高英语口语的流利度和表达能力，更好地与他人交流和沟通。
提高大学英语口语交际能力的策略(一)
提高大学英语口语交际能力的策略(一)【摘要】目前多数教师在教学工作中仍停留在单一的字、词、句型等语言形式的讲解上,而忽视了语言本质功能,即语言的交际功能的分析和训练。
而语言的交际观应是当今基础外语教学的指导思想和基本出发点。
鉴于此,本文对提高大学英语口语交际能力的方法进行了探讨。
【关键词】交际英语口语思维一、前言语言具有社会交际功能,是一种交际工具,而文字是记录说话的手段。
我们进行语言教学的根本目的是要在打好扎实的语言基础知识,进行认真严格的听、说、读、写训练的基础上,培养听、说、读、写的交际能力。
然而我们传统的教学注重语法规则却不注重语言表达和交际,仍旧学习哑巴英语,这样培养出来的学生语法好,可是在实际的语言交流中却表达不出来,真正和外国人交流时说完天气就不知道还能说些什么。
感觉自己有好多内容要说却很难用英语表达出来。
口语能力的培养必须按自身的规律进行,具体地讲,口语能力的培养应该有一个可行的明确目标,即要符合口语交际的特点,遵循口语学习过程的规律,更要结合我国当前的口语教学实际进行改革,力争尽快地全面提高中国学生的口语交际能力。
二、加强大学英语口语交际能力的方法1.加强英语思维能力训练大学口语教学应致力于培养学生的口头交际能力,教师应该帮助学生养成良好的口头交际的习惯,做到语言清晰、流畅、达意。
加强英语思维能力训练是培养学生用英语表达思想的能力的重要手段和途径。
用英语思维是指排除本族语或本族语的干扰,用英语直接理解、判断和表达的能力。
没有经过英语思维能力训练的人,大都是把听的东西译成自己的母语后再储存在记忆里。
在表达前,再把语义信息,即他想说的,在脑子里下意识地寻求母语的表达式,然后再把它译成英语。
这种做法不可避免地会导致母语的干扰。
这样借助于母语表达出来的东西是不可能地道的,比如,中国人与朋友道别时,经常说“走好”、“慢走”、“慢点儿骑(自行车)”之类的客套语。
一些喜欢用母语思维的英语学习者不了解英美人士常常微笑并作表示再见的手势,他们会习惯地说成:Goslowly,walkslowly或Rideslowly。
大学英语中口语教学
浅析大学英语中的口语教学[摘要] 在大学英语教学中,口语运用本身就是一个薄弱的环节,然而在实际的教学中,教师和学生经常忽略口语教学的重要性,导致了学生在普遍高分的情况下,却根本没有基本口语交际能力。
本文讨论了大学英语口语教学的现状和问题,并着重提出了提高英语口语教学的对策。
[关键词]教师大学英语口语教学英语作为一门语言,首先是用来交流的。
近年来,随着国际交流的不断深入,人们对于基本交流工具的英语,尤其是口语的要求越来越高。
然而在当今高校的英语教学中,口语教学和训练却没有得到足够的重视,许多教师在课堂上仅仅重视词汇和篇章的讲解,学生们在四六级的压力下或者由于种种其他的原因,也不愿意在提高口语上花费时间,结果导致了学生口语表达能力普遍较低,没有形成良好的语言习惯。
违背了英语教学最终要注重实践这一基本原则。
一.大学英语口语教学的现状当今的大学英语口语教学中存在着诸多问题。
第一,许多学生都已四六级为最终目标,平时只注重基础知识的学习,或者忙于题海大战。
与此相比之下,口语训练显的不那么重要了。
而往往我们英语教师也处于这样的误区,只关心学生听力技能,培养学生写作水平,以及参加大学英语四六级的应试技巧等等。
在课堂上与学生的口语交流机会非常少,几乎没有。
从而学生的口语锻炼走进了死胡同。
许多学生学了多年的英语,具备了较强的阅读能力,积累了丰富的词汇量,但这种传统的教学模式造成很多学生的哑巴英语,使得学生英语口语交际能力很差。
二.大学英语口语教学的策略1. 提高学生的口语基本功大学生经历了至少六年的英语学习。
或多或少都掌握了一些语言知识,包括基础词汇,语法和句型结构。
然而我们的老师在平时的教学中却忽略了最基本的元素,即音标,语音和语调的的学习和训练。
有些学生的音标基础甚至很薄弱,直接导致了拼读单词时发音错误。
学生们在朗读英语句子和文章时,还是沿用了汉语的语音语调,没有形成正确的英语朗读习惯。
其实英语的语调和汉语的语调是不同的。
提高大学生英语口语交际能力的策略
提高大学生英语口语交际能力的策略发表时间：2013-12-04T10:24:47.780Z 来源：《教育学文摘》2013年10月总第100期供稿作者：◆耿梅英[导读] 只有对所学语言国家的历史文化、风俗习惯有较充分的了解，才能得体地表达自己的思想和感情。
◆耿梅英中国刑警学院基础部110035摘要：大学英语的教学目的是培养学生的英语应用能力，其中的口语交际占据着不可替代的主体地位。
国家教育部颁布的《大学英语课程教学要求》突出了英语教学要与时俱进、学以致用的教学理念，尤其突出了口语教学在大学英语教学中的重要地位。
文章通过分析影响大学生英语口语交际的原因，提出了提高大学生英语口语能力的策略。
关键词：大学英语口语交际能力提高国家教育部在2007年公布的《大学英语课程教学要求》中明确指出：“大学英语的教学目标是培养学生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后学习、工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行交际，同时增强其自主学习能力，提高综合文化素养，以适应我国社会发展和国际交流的需要。
”但我们目前的现状是许多大学生在学习了两年的大学英语课程之后，虽然已经具备较强的阅读能力，但口语表达能力却相当薄弱，很难将已经掌握的语言用于口语交际。
培养大学生的口语交际能力是提高学生英语水平的一种手段，更能有效地促进学生英语综合能力的提高。
一、影响大学生英语口语交际能力的因素1.学习的动机不明确。
许多大学生学习英语的目的是为了通过考试、过级，或是为将来考研究生做准备，口语交际能力似乎只与那些准备出国的学生有关，所以大多数学生不愿意或不敢开口说英语，这导致学生产生潜在的心理障碍，缺乏自信心。
学生怕开口，怕出错，怕被同学笑话。
因而导致羞于开口，懒得开口。
这样渐渐形成恶性循环，影响了学生口语交际能力的提高。
2.母语的干扰。
汉语是中国学生的母语，在学习英语时常常习惯用汉语思维，用汉语的语言结构来套用英语。
当想要表达某个思想时，先寻求母语的表达方式，然后将其翻译成英语，这种思维方式受汉语影响，并且这种影响根深蒂固，严重妨碍了英语口语的表达，结果出现大量普遍存在的“中式”英语。
提高大学生英语口语能力的策略论文
提高大学生英语口语能力的策略论文毕业论文（设计）Title The Strategy Of How to Improve CollegeStudents’ Oral English题目提高大学生英语口语能力的策略二级学院：英语学院专业：应用英语班级：08应英11班姓名：洪景媛学号：0303081104指导教师：陈文琴摘要在机遇和挑战并存的21世纪，英语作为一种国际性语言，在国际交流中发挥着举足轻重的作用。
随着我国对外开放的不断深入和加入WTO，举办2008北京奥运会，2010世博会，英语已成为中国与世界沟通的重要途径。
对于现在的大学生来说，英语学习已不仅仅是为了通过四、六级考试，更为重要的是提高英语口语交际能力。
在实际生活中，更多学生学的是“哑巴英语”，而且部分学生英语发音带有浓重的地方口音。
英语广泛影响着我们的生活。
如何提高英语口语，说一口流利和纯正的英语已成了一大问题。
对于就业和升学压力越来越大的大学生来说，具有较高的英语水平无疑会为大学生求职、升学增加一个重要的砝码。
为了改善这种情况，教师在英语教学中应充分发挥其主观能动性，努力提高自己的英语口语对话水平，把培养学生的口语能力作为教学的首要任务。
在提高学生英语口语能力方面，教师的教学方法起着极为重要的作用，英语教师只有掌握了一定的教学技能和提高学生英语口语能力的正确策略，才能真正帮助学生切实提高口语表达能力。
同时学生应积极配合教师，多动脑，多动口，练就一口流利的英语。
关键词：英语学习；英语口语；学习方法；英语思维；学习兴趣Abstract21st century is a century of opportunities and challenge, English plays an important role in international communication as an international language. With the constant deepening of China's opening up policy and joined the WTO, hosting the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, World Expo 2010, English has become an important way to communicate with the world.Nowadays, for university students, learning English is not just only to pass the CET4 and CET6, it is more important to improve the oral English communication skills. In real life, most students learn "dumb English", and some students’ pronunce English with a strong local accent.English influence our lives widely. How to improve our spoken English to be fluent and native becomes a big problem. To improve this situation, English teachers should give all their efforts to their initiative, striving to improve their English level of dialogue. What is more, the students’ spoken language ability should be the primary task of teaching. At the same time, students must cooperate with the teachers actively, using their brains and mouths more to gain fluent English.Key words: English learning; spoken English; learning methods; English thinking; interestTable of Contents摘要 .......................................................................................................................... Abstract (I)1 Introduction (1)2 The Significance of Oral English (1)2.1 English generally impacts our life (1)2.2 English generally impacts our production (1)3 The Present Situation of College Students’ Oral English Learning.2 3.1 The present situation (2)3.1.1 Lack of a good English environment (2)3.1.2 Lack of diligence (2)3.1.3 Lack of a good way (3)3.2 College students’ problems in oral English learning (3)4 The Ways to Learn Oral English Well (3)4.1 Through English movies (3)4.2 Practice English with friends (4)4.3 Retelling the texts (4)4.4 Expand vocabulary (4)4.5 Learn how to use the idioms (5)4.6 Listening in English classroom (5)5 Conclusion (7)Bibliography (8)1IntroductionWhat is language for? Some people seem to think it is for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of words,longer the words the better. That’s wrong. Language is f or the exchange of ideas, for communication.Use all your senses to learn English. You must hear English, read English, touc h English, smell English, and taste English. Feel English with your heart. Immerse y ourself in this language. Begin to think in English.Nowadays, most people know English is very useful. As an international language English is an important tool to communicate with different people in different countries. With developing of the modern society, and the improvement of transportation and communication tools, the world has become a global village in the 21st Century. There is no doubt that English is one of the world's most widely used languages. People use a language in one of three ways: as a native language, as a second language, or as a foreign language. People study oral English so as to make oral communications, so this order of importance of oral English study should be followed: Fluency, Accuracy, and Appropriateness. That is to say, we have to pay more attention to practical communicating ability instead of only laying emphasis on the grammatical correctness. Paying more attention to phrases and small words as one major shortcoming of Chinese English (especially Chinese oral English) is that Chinese students tend to use big words in their oral language, but the idiomatic oral English is abundant with short, active and vivid phrases. And most of such phrases are made of small words. Oral English has its own features, but it is closely combined with other aspects of English, for example, writing and reading may make oral English precise and accurate.I have not so many chances to practice my oral English in my class so that I should create the environment of learning English by myself. Sometimes I read a novel, after the read I will make a dialogue, although it is really weird. Certainly, I am not crazy about doing that. It is only at some spare time or boring time that I will practice what I mentioned above. I do not belong to that kind of person who is not taking others' opinion into consideration, so I won't speak out in English when there are many people around me just for practicing.At pressure time, reading wonderful novels and some beautiful expressions, sentences structures, and learn from people’s different views toward life is a good method , sometimes reading some not-so-well-written articles not only because we can try our best to find the mistakes which are made in the article. At the same time, we also can make sure that we won't make the same mistakes in the future, alsobecause we can gain some very particular viewpoints toward the society and diverse experience of people’s life.Color words contain a lot of deep meanings, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we take into account the impact of cultural differences, we will have a better understanding of the implicit meaning of color words. The significance of this thesis is to enable us have a proper way to face with the color words, in order to enhance communication skills and avoid conflict of different cultures.2The Significance of Oral EnglishMaybe people don’t know other languages, but it is said that English has become the language of international trade and transport. If you know English, you can travel all around the world. Many people traveling from one country to another use English to talk with others. A lot of ships on the oceans call for help by radio in it. According to the recent report, about 60 percent of the world's radio broad casts and 70 percent of the world's mail use English. At international sports meets, English is the language most commonly used and the most widely used. With the ability of listening, speaking, reading and writing, speaking is the most practical and useful method which one tends to be the weakest one of the majority of English learners. Because the time is limited, learning English at school, either to the students or to other social groups, the improvement of oral English is close-linked to daily life. Apart from theoretical knowledge, English learners should put emphasis on the oral training under the lead of the system. The social need of English language professionals increase greatly. Therefore, how to improve oral English seems to be a big problem that learners need to address.2.1English generally impacts our lifeWith the developing of society, we can see the English words everywhere. Whenever we go there are a lot of billboards are wrote in English. Foe example, we can see the toilet in public which wrote in English use “WC”. In the street, some clothes’ brands wrote by “Nike” “Adidas” and so on. There also have so many shops’ name like “KFC” “XXX Hotel”. With the launch Expo, more and more foreigners come to China, people learn English so that they can express their friendly. So it is very important for us to lean Oral English well. We can talk with foreigners and introduce Chinese history for them.2.2English generally impacts our productionNowadays, a lot of factories produce the goods to seal to the foreign country. They must ask some people who understand the English to search the people in the foreign country want to import their goods. Just like foreign tread. People not do the business in their own country any more. It is a good way to expand their business. And at the same time they can earn the both win.3The Present Situation of College S tudents’ Oral English LearningAs we all know, there are four skills in English study, namely, listening, speaking, reading and writing. And they are so closely related to one another. Now most of the students do better in reading and writing English than in listening and speaking. They can read and write, but most of them have some troubles to communicate. They can hardly express themselves with their own words. The purpose of school English teaching is to improve the students with these four skills. Large vocabulary and good grammar are the base of the necessary phonetics. But this is not the final purpose. The final purpose is to let students be able to use the language freely.Chinese students study English from primary school, some even from the kinder-garden. Through middle school to university, teachers and students have paid enormous painstaking care, but English teaching just cultivates the students who are suitable to take the exam and written English. At present, the phenomenon of “deaf English, dumb English” is still serious, there are still many university students whose oral English is poor although they have passed CET-4 or CET-6. Some are poor in sp eaking, some in listening, while some in both. They can’t express themselves fluently and they do not know how to.3.1The present situation3.1.1Lack of a good English environmentFor the impatient learners who would like to build Rome over night. Find a native language environment and live in such surroundings for two or three years and your English will naturally improve. But how can this be possible for the mass of learners who have absolutely no such access? Without any question, English environment is very important for the students to learn foreign language, but most Chinese students lack such good environment. They are learning English in a Chinese environment. At the same time, the English that we have learnt is traditional English, but native English speakers, they say Idiomatic English is in their daily life.3.1.2Lack of diligenceSome students don’t like learn English because some of them are not have a good foundation. So they don’t want to listen to the teacher in the class. A lot of English teachers are no t lively when they talk to their students so that they can’t attract them successfully. Of course, the most important reason is that the students are not work heard enough. Some time, they always pick flaws from their teachers, but never find their own mis takes. When they can’t finish the homework they complain their teacher,, they think the homework is so heard that they can’t finishit. They always complain the English words are so long that they can’t remember them.3.1.3Lack of a good wayStudents learn Eng lish in the class and follow the teachers’ methods to learn. It is not enough. We should find a way that is fit for us. Everyone has his own opinion and others’ are not suitable for you necessarily. There are so many ways to lean English well that you can choose some of them which are fit for you.3.2College students’ problems in oral English learningStudents are afraid of speaking out. Everybody hopes he can speak fluently English. But they are afraid of making mistakes when they speak English and being laughed at by the other people. Therefore they have no courage to speak. We need overcome our fear and speak loudly. Don’t worry about the mistakes. Some students repeat single sentences and cannot be process of leaving oral English. For example, if someone be asked: “How are you?” most of students, even some college students will answer: “Fine. Thank you. And you?” In fact, there are many ways to answer this question, just like: “Terrific”, “Good”, “Not bad” and so on. So try to express one meaning in various ways.As a student who has learned English so many years, we have lost a lot of time to remember the words seriously. We just learn them and use them and then we forget them. It is not that they don't know how to use the word to express but they have no idea about which word should be chosen to make their expressions more profound sometimes. The reason is that so many words we have learned and so many means the worlds have. It is self-evident that the process of picking up the ideal word will take some time and another topic will appear, in the other side and certainly the perfect word you choose has no chance of presenting itself. At this rate, the process of picking up the ideal word will repeat all the time. After one round of conversation, you seldom get the chance to practice oral English.4The Ways to Learn Oral English Well4.1Through English moviesMany famous lingual masters put forward that watching original movies is the best way to learn diomatic English. The master who made a deep study of Chinese-English/ translation and the literature of British and U.S mentioned that in order to strengthen the abilities of speaking and listening, he often stays at home watching original movies. The literature who served as professor of foreign languages at Taiwan University, in his diary he wrote that he got a great deal by watching original movies. Their experiences have showed that watching original movies is the most lively and efficient approach to improve oral English.But how can the masters improve their oral English though movies? The principles of selecting a suitable film for learning are very important. The movie materials’ selection is significant in English learning. There are also many different kinds of films, like comedy, tragedy, science fiction, thriller, documentary, etc. Although there are various kinds of movies, not everyone can be adopted as learning material, and what kind of films is suitable for learning is the key question for learners. Selecting a suitable film is very important for a learner to improve our oral English. However, some modern campus films, love story films, comedy films are good choice, because movies must be quite close to the modern society, so it is the key of choosing movies. When watching this kind of films, you should pay your attention to the films on what, who, where, when, how, why questions on the film.Certainly, there are different levels of students’ proficiency in college. Generally, according to their level of proficiency of English, students can be divided into three groups: elementary, intermediate, advanced. According to their level, students can choose the films that suit for them. They study spoken English so as to make oral communications, so this order of importance of oral English study should be followed: Fluency, accuracy, and appropriateness. That is to say, we have to pay more attention to practical communicating ability instead of only laying emphasis on the grammatical correctness.4.2Practice English with friendsRecently I find some partners practicing oral English together and English corner is a good place where we may exchange English study experience. If English partners are not easy to get, then we have to create an English environment ourselves by speaking English to ourselves. They will come up with your problems when you make the mistakes. And if you can’t understand it you al so can ask them for help.4.3Retelling the textsRetelling the texts is very helpful for improving oral English. It is also can improve students' ability of oral expression. We can do some reading before we have the class, listen carefully and do some marks at the same time. Then we can have a try to repeat the story after the class. We must remember repeat it clearly, confidence and fluency.4.4Expand vocabularyNowadays quite a lot of students still memorize English vocabulary by combing letters, even by marking Chinese pronunciation, which emphasis on spelling isolated letters. Obviously it is useless, also have endless disadvantages. For example, we will reducing passion, killing enthusiasm, etc. As a result, more and more students begin hating English. That is to say, difficulties in memorizing English vocabulary become the biggest barrier in English learning.According to this, since vocabulary is a symbol of the gift of tongues, it is necessary for English learners to grasp the general procedures of memorizing English vocabulary in order to enlarge our English vocabulary efficiently. Thus, we have to raise our awareness of the importance of memorizing vocabulary.So it is necessary for English learners to grasp the general procedures of memorizing English vocabulary in order to enlarge our English vocabulary efficiently. We have a number of choices for encountering new vocabulary. We may find out new vocabulary, either by way of parenthesis or by design. And after coming across and identifying new vocabulary, we usually do not consciously make efforts to recognize them, we may guess or analyze the meanings of the vocabulary through any morphological elements that we have seen before, and associate or create an image of the new vocabulary from sound or form. However, as human beings, our capacity of memory is limited. What is more, our time to memorize vocabulary is limited as well. That is to say, we cannot memorize all the vocabulary that we come across. As a result, we ought to have a selection before we memorize them. Thus, we can classify vocabulary into three levels, and then memorize them according to different situations and demands.4.5Learn how to use the idiomsThe idiom is not easy to learn, easy to understand the confusion . People can properly use English idioms when we communicate with foreigners, they will immediately feel warm and love to communicate with you. So, maybe you know idioms each word, but put them together, you do not know what the meanings of them are.4.6Listening in English classroomHow to improve listening comprehension in a simulative setting has always been a problem which challenged English teachers. Teaching in target language, of course, is the most direct way. In so many ways teachers become the language model for students to learn from. They have to ensure that in class students are given enough authentic materials and practical chances. There are many factors affecting students’ listening comprehension. Listening comprehension is a complicated processing. “Interest is the best teacher”. First of all, teacher should arouse the students’interest in English listening, create an active atmosphere for students. Of course students’ oral English will improve at the same time when we having listening.5ConclusionAs English becomes more and more important in our daily life, oral English is the key to communicate with people who come from different countries. So it is quite important to learn oral English well .People who live in the earth can go to theplace which they can arrive at. With the development of economic, people between different countries communicate widely. English has became the most populous and useful language. But for different people, they use different ways to learn the English. The present situation is difficult. Some of them can’t improve oral English because of cowardly fear, they worried that they will speak wrong. So give yourself some confidence and don’t be shy, please take it easy. Sometimes we should create a good environment for ourselves. Take the better ways to learn Oral English from our friends. Practice English everywhere. When we speak to people, we also can get some valuable experience from them. If you can stick to use this method and do it by you interest, I believe that not before long, the lever of your spoken English will certainly be improved. Generally speaking, English is much more important than any other language. It has become the global language. As a matter of fact, there are more than ten countries speak English, for example, Canada, Australia, England and so on. They’re all developed countries. They lead the world’s development. It’s the main reason that English can make so great effort. I f we don’t have enough English knowledge, we would fall behind others. So we should spend much time on learning English.Whatever your specific goal in English learning may be, please speak out, persistence is always the ultimate key to reaching success. Conquer your loneliness! Conquer your shyness! Conquer your laziness! If you persist long enough you will win!Bibliography[1] Niu, Daosheng. English And China [M ].北京:中国科学社会出版社,2001.[2] Su, Xiulin. English Movie and English Study [A].福建省外国语文学会2002年会论文集[C ], 2002.[3] Ye, Huajing. English Reading Skills and Practice [M]. 上海:高等教育出版,2002.[4] Zhou,Chan. Comprehensive English Movie Scripts (Book1, Book2)[M].广州:中国广州经济出版社，2001.[5] 包延军. 无障碍大学英语阅读理解[M].北京:国际文化出版社,2002.[6] 邓炎昌,刘润清. 语言与文化[M ]. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 2004.[7] 杜学增. 学习的英语方法和技能[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1996.[8] 克拉姆契.语言与文化[M ]. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2000[9]利特尔伍德.外语与第二语言学习[M ].武汉：外语教学与研究出版社,2000.[10]饶成康.谈英语影视教学[J]. 四川：四川教育学院学报, 2003.。
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《英语口语交际策略 [大学生英语口语交际策略及话语技巧
的培养]》
摘要：一、大学生英语口语存在的问题（一）掌握的词汇量较少不同于阅读和写作，英语口语所需要的是一些高频的、日常脱口而出的情境化词汇，交际策略和话语技巧是话语者在对英语词汇和语法掌握有限的基础上，为达到较好的交际目的，而采用的一系列策略和技巧，（一）树立良好的意识观任何话语都要以交际目的为前提，也就是为了更好地沟通而说漂亮话
摘要：英语口语交际策略和说话技巧一方面是话语者口语能力的综合体现，另一方面缩短了思考时间，提高了口语产出效率，有助于更好地进行交流。
本文首先较为全面地分析了目前大学生英语口语能力较差的原因及使用交际策略和话语技巧的必要性。
然后介绍了交际策略和话语技巧的含义。
最后从三个方面提出如何培养大学生英语口语交际策略和话语技巧，切实为学生们在实际开展英语对话时提供了帮助。
关键词：大学生英语口语；交际策略；话语技巧一、大学生英语口语存在的问题（一）掌握的词汇量较少不同于阅读和写作，英语口语所需要的是一些高频的、日常脱口而出的情境化词汇。
CET4要求的词汇量在4500左右，据调查显示，英语口语中使用的词汇仅为个人所掌握词汇的15%，也就是说一个通过大学四级的考生的口语词汇量不足700个。
可见词汇量不足是大学生口语能力弱的根源之一。
（二）应试教育不注重大学生口语能力的培养对于非英语专业学生来说，一般四六级不考口语，所以学校没有系统的教材和针对性的口语课，导致学生和教师忽视了英语口语的重要性。
（三）缺乏真实的语言交流环境交际教学法主要是指采用语义大纲的语言教学,旨在培养学生的语言交际能力,重视学生在语言习得中的作用,强调外语教学应针对学生具体的语言需要来培养其言语交际能力。
学习的目的是为了交际。
而在课堂上，学生的口语操练一般都是机械化的非情境化的模仿，缺少创造性，不利于语言的交流。
（四）学生的畏惧心理由于平时练习口语的机会较少，多数学生都有畏惧开口说英语的情绪，心理作用也会影响学生英语口语水平的正常发挥。
二、交际策略和话语技巧的含义交际策略和话语技巧是话语者在对英语词汇和语法掌握有限的基础上，为达到较好的交际目的，而采用的一系列策略和技巧。
交际策略和话语技巧是相辅相成的；交际策略是话语技巧的前提，前者是后者的理论支撑，而话语技巧的使用有助于更好地实现交际策略。
交际策略是指交际者根据实际情况，也就是在交际条件不充足的情况下而采取的应变措施。
对外语学习者来说在一定场合要用外语交际, 有时又无法用适当的词语进行表达, 为此而有意识地使用某种语言或非语言的手段去解决交际中出现的障碍。
这种手段称为交际策略, 它分为目的语策略( 迂回说法、创造新词、用近似词) 、知识策略( 指学习者联系自己的常识和经验进行交际) 、重复策略、求助策
略、手势策略和回避策略。
语言的运用是学习语言的最终归宿，也是学习语言成功的保证。
受文化差异和语言学习水平的影响，当代大学生英语口语水平较低。
使用交际策略和话语技巧为更加顺畅地进行交流提供了保证。
交际策略和话语技巧对大学生在用英语交际时具有显著作用：通过手势、回避、重复、迂回等方法，可以帮助他们更好地应对词汇量贫乏、文化差异等所导致的冷场，使他们信心倍增，更好地进行交流。
三、大学生英语口语交际策略与话语技
巧的培养（一）树立良好的意识观任何话语都要以交际目的为前提，也就是为了
更好地沟通而说漂亮话。
一个会说话的成功者，知道在什么时候该以怎样的方式说话。
说话的关键是要选准方式。
词真意切的“真”话，产生震撼人心的力量；旁敲侧击的“隐”话，留给人醒悟的余地；以柔克刚的“软”话用忍让的方式赢得人心；幽默诙谐的“俏”话，拉近双方的心理距离；以变应变的“活”话，尽显语言的机智灵活。
而话的好坏，取决于话语者的策略和技巧的运用。
大学生开口说英语往往是能想到什么就说什么，忽略了交际策略和话语技巧。
所以越是能够灵活运用交际策略和话语技巧，越是能够和他人更好地沟通。
所以为了更好地交流，首先要培养学生的交际策略和话语技巧的意识。
1.加强教师的策略指导意识。
教师
是课堂上的主导者，要想让学生更好地运用交际策略和话语技巧，首先需要教师有意识地引导和帮助，引起学生的重视，让学生学会在交际困难时需要何种策略和技巧帮其渡过难关。
在单纯的机械口语练习中，学生是无法掌握要领的。
如“求助”策略，教师可以用以下方法来帮助学生进行强化。
A：How do you feel like your campus life? B: Pardon me.
这时教师可以引用B的回答，来讲述下这个句子的用法。
它可以用在对方说话没有听清，或是不相信对方说的话，以及抱歉的意思。
这样在无意中就会加深学生对知识的理解和运用。
“回避策略”是交际策略中常见的一种。
它主要是为了避开所谈话题而言其它的一种策略。
这常与文化习惯相联系。
当谈及一些敏感话题时，经常采用“回避策略”。
A：What"s your salary? B: Well, it"s an interesting question, but I don"t care about it. Let"s talk about my working atmosphere. 对话中B巧妙地回避了关于薪资的话题，并转移到了工作环境的问题上。
当日常碰到类似不能直接回答的问题时，我们都可以采用这种策略。
所以教师要在对话中给学生以示范，让学生能够举一反三，学会这种策略和技巧。
例如在谈到年龄时，如果不方便或是不喜欢告知自己的年龄，可以用非正面的方式告诉对方，或是直接婉转地拒绝对方的问题，将话题引开。
教师有意识地向学生展示，慢慢地学生就会在练习中得以模仿和进一步创新。
2.加强学生的策略运用意识。
在教师的反复举例和指导下，学生学
会了某种或某几种交际策略和话语技巧，并且在潜移默化中习得了策略运用意识，他们就会在话语中展示这种策略和技巧。
以“拖延策略” 为例： A：Why creativity is the of great importance to your position? B: ...Uh, let me see. 当被问及到一个比较复
杂或是从未准备过的问题时，回答者没有做好心理准备，又为避免尴尬，争取时间调整思路、理清逻辑时，可以用拖延这一策略。
如：as far as I am concerned...well, it"s hard to see...这样既会使语流顺畅，又给人真诚对待问题慎重回答的感觉。
（二）培养学生的跨文化交际能力所谓跨文化交际指的是在不同语言背景下的人际交往。
由于交往习俗、社会心理、价值观念等方面的不同，中国学生在进行英文口语对话时会碰到一些文化差异带来的问题。
例如，“狗”一字在中文中多是贬义词，如“狗嘴吐不出象牙”“狗眼看人低”等；而在西方“狗”是忠诚和勇敢地象征，如“Love me love my dog”（爱屋及乌），因此培养学生的
跨文化交际能力对于提高学生的交际策略和话语水平具有至关重要的作用。
首先，扩充
书本关于外国的文化和习俗的知识。
跨文化交际日益频繁，大学英语教材增加了许多与我国文化相差异的外国文化和习俗等，这有益于培养学生的跨文化交际能力。
涵盖丰富的英语国家文化背景知识的教材是学生习得英语文化、交际策略和话语技巧的重要来源之一。
教材不但要注重英美国家文化背景知识，也要涵盖关于一些较为通俗的日常英语。
如中国人在碰到熟人后通常用“吃了吗？”来作为寒暄用语，如果放在英语国家就会闹出笑话。
教材可以列举出一些比较地道的英美问候用语，如Hey,guy. What"s up?这样就会使学生有章可循，继而用更加地
道的英语进行交流。
其次，给予学生更多的实践机会。
正所谓实践出真知。
只有通过实践，才能提高学生的英语口语表达能力，习得更多的跨文化背景知识，深切领悟交际策略和话语技巧，从而达到优化的效果。
应给予学生更多的机会与母语是英语的外国人多交流，感受他们的思维方式、语言技巧和文化习俗。
在练习英语口语时，教师应设置较为真实的场景，如在餐馆就餐时，学生需要扮演不同角色挑选餐馆、点菜、评价食物、付款。
或者还可以采用人物访谈、看图说话、英语戏剧、英语影评、英语即兴演讲、英语辩论等形式来实践。
这样可以避免机械的、无意识练习，有助于学生融入情境中更好地展开交流。
（作者简介：沈晓婷（1987.1-）,女，山东青岛人，山东师范大学外国语学院2009级硕士研究生，研究方向：课程与教学论（英语）。
）。