新编英语语法教程第六版课后答案全
1A
1B
2A
Within the stricken area,not a single soul remained alive,and the city centre looked as if it had been razed by a monster steam-roller.
The bomb exploded 1,000 the ground.
On August 6,1945,an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Japanese town of Hiroshima.
Three days later,yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki the same fatal blow.
The explosion made one and a half square miles of the city an expanse of reddish rub-
ble.
Within the fraction of a second,the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an im-mense mass of expanding gas,millions of degrees hot.
A tremendous blast of hot air whirled the debris of stone,concrete,metal,and woodover the ground.
2B
Pond,once praised by Thoreau for its natural beauty,is now the site of manytourist stands.
2. Almost every summer night the cooling northeast w ind swept through our bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary and a light blanket welcome./ Sweep-ing through our bedroom windows almost every summer night,the cooling northeast wind made...
3. The steep surrounding slopes were capped with snow, which fed two streams plungingdown to join in the valley below.
the river on one side and a large tree providing shade,this is a good spot for a pic-nic,and we can spread our blanket on the grassy knoll.
for breath after running up the stairs,Mr Wood stood at his neighbour's door and knocked again and again till someone opened it.
town folk envied Horace, who had come into a small fortune with which hebought a big house and obtained a partnership in the biggest grocery in town.
in front of the mirror,Jim looked at his image,wondering at the big changethat had come over him in recent years.
idea that his only daughter whom he had greatly wronged might never forgive himalmost drove him mad.
9. The story, written in plain language, consists of three parts with an interesting plot cen-
tering round an aristocratic family living in 17th-century France.
and shivering,John sat hunched over a bowl of hot broth prepared by hisfather to drive off the chill.
above the waters of a beautiful lake and over the tops of the tall pine trees
growingon the steep slopes of a hill stand five Chinese-style pavilions.
12. Farther down the street,the old man stopped and leaned against a lamp-post, listening
to a cheerful song coming out of a restaurant on the opposite side of the street. sank in the nearest chair,completely exhausted,her limbs stiff with cold,her mind a piece of blank.
the day Mrs Rymer behaved very properly,her pleasant,refined face
wearing a grave look,her elegant figure wrapped in deep mourning while occasionally she uttered a sigh or a sob.
thought it necessary to break the news to his family,that Mr Jacob,his former employer,had promised him a half-day job at 20 pounds a week.
3A
,I will have to...
,I was...
,there has been...
,Roberts returned the cheque.
5. Oddly enough, he did not...
unreasonably, he protested...
,he never knew that he...
,the two sides may...
9. Quite obviously, he does not want to...
enough,the burglar had not taken...
enough,a solution will be...
,the Chinese people protested...
more important, we ought to put...
,I have met him before.
15. To our regret,he refused our invitation.
,someone managed to find me.
telephoned the hospital first,quite rightly.
,the girl did not ask your name.
,her appointment has not been confirmed.
20. Curiously, the dog never barked.
3B
other words
other words/That is to say
5. In that case
all
all that
a result
;Secondly;Thirdly and most importantly 4A
have
were
,are
are
were
4B
,is
,are
,their,their
,It,was
They,is/are
,their,they,disapprove ,they
5A
5B 1.'s
10.'s ,is,is
are
are point are
5C are are
are are
have cares
is
,has 6A
6B
much work have you done this morning?
dig a tunnel will need a great amount of labour.
's done the least work.
4. There are several methods of approaching this problem.
know little French.
must be less empty talk but more practical work.
7. Were there many people at the reception?
I have a few words with you?
9. There were fewer people today at the exhibition than yesterday.
made the fewest mistakes.
've learnt more poetry and done more exercises than I have.
's done the most work and made the most mistakes.
's done a lot of work and made a lot of mistakes.
millionaire has lots of money-and lots of worries.
has enough worries because she hasn't got enough money.
telephone rang every few minutes.
have been persisting in making the experiment all these last few cold days.
his next books on English linguistics will come out in 2020.
we learned that we had to wait another three more weeks.
brother spent $1,000 for a second-hand car,but I spent almost twice the amountfor the same stuff.
7A
advice
important piece of information it is fun
not numerous
are
has
times,rivalry
,were
is
is
7B
swarm
7C
1.... Dick's decision to emigrate to Australia.
expansion of the Physics Department/The Physics Department's expansion... 3....a novel of Jane Austen's.
long report of Mr Allen's...
new shoes of yours...
6....the article of the student...
7....Shakespeare's tragedies/the tragedies of Shakespeare
8....a ship's carpenter.
punishment of the offenders...
10....the past decade's events/the events of the past decade
11....the enemy's unconditional surrender/ the unconditional surrender of the enemy.
12....other people's criticism of him.
13....the younger generation's education/ the education of the younger generation.
14....at John Wiley's,the bookseller's.
15....an article of '...
16....this policy of the government's...?
17....an idiot's tale.
dog of Frank's...
book of Joe Hill's...
'...
7A
leg of the table is broken.
Key to Exercises 229
and John's house is on the corner.
3....on birds'nests.
4....the students'problems.
5. ... at the Joneses'.
6./
7.... Charles' car but someone else's.
8....in ten years'time.
9. The products'effectiveness...
week's news...than the last two weeks'.
11....others'problems.
12....each other's worries.
13. My brother and sister-in-law's house... friend of my father's...
wheel of the car...
16./
17. The baseball players'wives...
18....women's clothing only.
https://www.360docs.net/doc/a18023728.html,ton's long poems.
new shoes of yours...
8A
8B
.
,money,etc
,ones
,cause
8C
8A
1....little opportunity to travel.
2....many such novels.
3..../ Neither sentence is correct English.
4. He has many more problems...
5....this kind of apple/ these kind(s)of apples.
enjoy either kind,...
7....every book in the fiction section.
8....than in any other country in the world.
9....a greater amount of rainfall this year than there was last year.
10....all this luggage/all the luggage at the airport.
11....such beautiful poetry/such a beautiful poem that it is hard to believe she has never
had a formal education.
12....a great many friends in New York.
13. Whatever nonsense...
third sister of his...
can't for the life of me remember.
there are fewer/ less diseases...
17....than all other methods.
18.... once every three months.
19....study of language.
20....some more soup?
8E
Of all the things we eat and drink,water is the most many people un-
derstand this,but it is quite human body can go without food for a long time, but two or three days without water will result in death.
Many people do not understand how much water the human body needs to work properly,and many people do not drink people drink when they are thirsty,but often need much more,especially when they have been taking exercises.
It is vital that people should drink enough water every can help people to
keep can also ease pain in case of habit of drinking water soon after getting up will bring a purging and refreshing effect;likewise,drinking some water before bedtime
will also do people,especially old people,a lot of good. When one is fainting, water will
bring him back to consciousness;if one is badly wounded, water will help to lend
him vig-
a word,water means lack of water in the body is most harmful to health. 9A
,an
,the,the
,a
,the
,the
,the
,the
,0
,the
,a,an,a,the
,the,a,the
,the,the,the,the,the
,0,0,0,0,0,0/a
9B
the
9C
M ichigan
3. The Straits of Gibraltar
4. Qomolangma
5. The National Gallery
World Cup
8. The Olympic Games
10. the BBC
12. The Times
14. the Finance Ministry
16. the Senate
John Spence
and Smith
Watermans
20. The White House
university
hospital
train
28. The hovercraft, the boat taxi
bus
ferry
cinema
35. The film
Pope
world
9A
I.
II.
9E
the spot
top to bottom hand
ur the front a fashion
a fancy to
the fancy of
trouble,lend a hand
the board
reach of
top of
the case of
the shade
a loss
possession of
the possession of
18. under cover
the midnight oil
20. at short notice
9F
travels faster than sound.
quiet,'t let me hear a sound.
writing English,after each word we leave a space.
box occupies too much space.
a big meal,you should take a rest.
needs food,drink and rest.
7. He did it out of kindness.
have done me a kindness.
9. He lives close at hand.
10. The children suffered a lot at the hands of their stepfather.
you got an English-French dictionary?
12. Have you got an English and a French dictionary?
do you like the red and white roses in my garden?
you seen the red(roses)and the white roses in my garden? is still in hospital. 'm going to the hospital to see him.
is a garden in front of the house.
is a picture in the front of the book.
style of dress is no longer in fashion.
likes to read about the latest fashions.
't talk too much at table.
friend was sitting at the table writing a letter.
23. When we called, his family were at dinner.
we called,his family was giving a dinner.
students take/ took quite a fancy to their teacher.
exhibits in the hall soon took the fancy of the visitors.
old man is in possession of a huge fortune.
island was once in the possession of Great Britain.
must immediately consult a doctor in case of illness.
is stupid,but it is different in the case of Mary;she is just lazy.
10A
When it comes to making a conscious effort to help keep a public place clean,most people just don't make the 'm a maintenance man for a department people
did make the effort,I probably wouldn't have a job.
The area that I have to spend the most time cleaning is the employees'lunchroom . Employees go there during breaks,lunch,and dinner. The maintenance department sup-plies containers for garbage and ashtrays for cigarette butts. But when they finish their food,
the employees will either throw their papers on the floor or leave them on the employees will on occasion throw their papers in the garbage container,but most of them
who smoke will either flick their ashes on the floor or in the half-filled soda butts are found anywhere other than in the ashtray,because the ashtrays may have been sto-
len or have been filled with gum. Sometimes an employee will remark,“Aren't these peo-
ple pigs? They don't even clean up after themselves,"as they proceed to walk away from
their littered table.
10B
,he
has
,it has to
their
them(informal)
is/ they are(informal)
their(informal)
't it
takes(informal),their/his(informal)
their(informal)
,her
,his
,themselves
,itself
she
her
one's(too formal),
he/ one(too formal),
his/ one's(too formal)
she
he or she(formal), she
he/ he or she(formal)
her
12. his/his or her,his/ his or her, his/ his or her him
him,it/he
he or she
her
she
he or she
he or she,he/he or she
10A
else's
,her
,ours
,it's
his
professor himself
herself
6. beside ourselves
himself
he himself(no change in informal 10.(no change) style)
she herself
(no change in informal style)
, who (no change in informal style)
arriving late
(no change in informal style)
28. he himself
he
you're
11B
,any
,any
商务英语翻译课程教学大纲
商务英语翻译课程教学大纲 课程编码：课程性质：专业方向课 课时： 36（20+16）学分：2 开课学期：第5学期先修课程：基础英语 适用专业：商务英语专业 课程简介： 《商务英语翻译》课程是为培养“英语+专业”的应用型涉外人才而设置，从英汉两种语言在表达上的差异入手，旨在通过向学生传授基本的翻译理论和技巧，并结合大量的实践训练，培养学生的翻译能力，从而提高其英语综合运用能力，并使学生能够胜任国际贸易中出现的各类实用文体以及简单的文字翻译工作。 一、课程教学目标 本课程以培养学生的翻译能力为目标，旨在使商务英语专业学生掌握和运用一些基本的翻译理论；能够在一些参考书的辅助下，熟练翻译名片、商标、标识、公司简介、产品说明、广告等商务英语方面的资料；能够掌握常见的组织机构的翻译方式；能够运用所学翻译技巧熟练翻译各类公关文稿；能够正确翻译商务信函和单证材料；能够正确熟练翻译各种常见商务报告，译文达意，格式恰当；能够辨识一些商务文本存在的翻译问题和错误。在大量实例训练中锻炼学生在商务语境下有效进行英汉、汉英互译、正确传达信息、顺畅开展交流的能力。 二、课程重点、难点 该课程教学重点是英语商务文本汉译的基本知识、理论和方法，难点是专业外贸知识及专业术语；跨文化交际理论与实践 三、整体课时分配
四、课程内容安排 （一）Unit1 Business Cards 主要内容：英汉名片的互译、设计和正确运用中英文商务名片、商务英语翻译中遵循正确的翻译原则 教学要求：帮助学生初步了解商务名片的互译特点与原则 其它教学环节：案例教学 （二）Unit 2 Signs 主要内容：商务环境中的常见中英文标识、中英文标识的语言特点及其常见翻译技巧 教学要求：帮助学生了解商务环境中的常见中英文标识，掌握常见翻译技巧 重点、难点：商务环境中的直译法和意译法 其它教学环节：情景教学 （三）Unit 3 Trademarks 主要内容：识别中英文商标、商标的翻译、转译法 教学要求：帮助学生了解中英文商标的翻译 重点、难点：商标翻译中的转译法 其它教学环节：案例教学 （四）Unit 4 Organizations 主要内容：识别组织机构名称、外来词翻译法 教学要求：帮助学生了解商务环境下常见的组织机构名称与外来词翻译 重点、难点：织机构名称 其它教学环节：交互教学 （五）Unit 5 Company Introductions 主要内容：公司简介翻译 教学要求：帮助学生掌握被动语态、名词从句、定语从句、状语从句和长句的拆合、转译。 重点、难点：长句的拆译，各类从句的转译 其它教学环节：案例教学 （六）Unit 6 Product Descriptions & Advertisement 主要内容：产品介绍的翻译和广告 教学要求：帮助学生掌握运用反译法进行英汉互译 重点、难点：反译法 其它教学环节：案例教学 （七）Unit 7 Business Contracts 主要内容：商务合同的翻译 教学要求：帮助学生掌握商务合同常见术语和句式、正确翻译常见合同文本、长句的处理 重点、难点：商务合同常见术语和句式 其它教学环节：案例教学 五、教材与学习资源 1. 教材： 谢金领.《世纪商务英语翻译教程》.大连理工大学出版社，2009. 2. 主要参考资料： 张新红等.《商务英语翻译》.高等教育出版社，2004.
数据结构实用教程第二版答案_徐孝凯
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新编英语语法教程(第6版)练习参考答案
新编英语语法教程（第6版）第21讲练习参考答案Ex. 21A was sorry to learn… will be sad to hear… would be very surprised to receive… is happy to have found… was afraid to go… was pleased to hear… am very anxious to meet you. were delighted to receive your telegram. were sensible to stay indoors. clerk was prompt to answer the call. rule is easy to remember. are reluctant to leave this neighbourhood. house is difficult to heat. you ready to leave would be foolish to go out in this weather. is quick to see the point. is very keen to get on. are proud to have him as a friend. was rude not to answer your letter. are happy to have you with us this evening. Ex. 21B decision to resign surprised all of us. showed no inclination to leave.
最新商务英语翻译课程教学大纲
商务英语翻译课程教学大纲 课程编码： 03050262406课程性质：专业方向课 课时： 36（20+16）学分：2 开课学期：第5学期先修课程：基础英语 适用专业：商务英语专业 课程简介： 《商务英语翻译》课程是为培养“英语+专业”的应用型涉外人才而设置，从英汉两种语言在表达上的差异入手，旨在通过向学生传授基本的翻译理论和技巧，并结合大量的实践训练，培养学生的翻译能力，从而提高其英语综合运用能力，并使学生能够胜任国际贸易中出现的各类实用文体以及简单的文字翻译工作。 一、课程教学目标 本课程以培养学生的翻译能力为目标，旨在使商务英语专业学生掌握和运用一些基本的翻译理论；能够在一些参考书的辅助下，熟练翻译名片、商标、标识、公司简介、产品说明、广告等商务英语方面的资料；能够掌握常见的组织机构的翻译方式；能够运用所学翻译技巧熟练翻译各类公关文稿；能够正确翻译商务信函和单证材料；能够正确熟练翻译各种常见商务报告，译文达意，格式恰当；能够辨识一些商务文本存在的翻译问题和错误。在大量实例训练中锻炼学生在商务语境下有效进行英汉、汉英互译、正确传达信息、顺畅开展交流的能力。 二、课程重点、难点 该课程教学重点是英语商务文本汉译的基本知识、理论和方法，难点是专业外贸知识及专业术语；跨文化交际理论与实践 三、整体课时分配
四、课程内容安排 （一）Unit1 Business Cards 主要内容：英汉名片的互译、设计和正确运用中英文商务名片、商务英语翻译中遵循正确的翻译原则 教学要求：帮助学生初步了解商务名片的互译特点与原则 其它教学环节：案例教学 （二）Unit 2 Signs 主要内容：商务环境中的常见中英文标识、中英文标识的语言特点及其常见翻译技巧 教学要求：帮助学生了解商务环境中的常见中英文标识，掌握常见翻译技巧 重点、难点：商务环境中的直译法和意译法 其它教学环节：情景教学 （三）Unit 3 Trademarks 主要内容：识别中英文商标、商标的翻译、转译法 教学要求：帮助学生了解中英文商标的翻译 重点、难点：商标翻译中的转译法 其它教学环节：案例教学 （四）Unit 4 Organizations 主要内容：识别组织机构名称、外来词翻译法 教学要求：帮助学生了解商务环境下常见的组织机构名称与外来词翻译 重点、难点：织机构名称 其它教学环节：交互教学 （五）Unit 5 Company Introductions 主要内容：公司简介翻译 教学要求：帮助学生掌握被动语态、名词从句、定语从句、状语从句和长句的拆合、转译。 重点、难点：长句的拆译，各类从句的转译 其它教学环节：案例教学 （六）Unit 6 Product Descriptions & Advertisement 主要内容：产品介绍的翻译和广告 教学要求：帮助学生掌握运用反译法进行英汉互译 重点、难点：反译法 其它教学环节：案例教学 （七）Unit 7 Business Contracts 主要内容：商务合同的翻译 教学要求：帮助学生掌握商务合同常见术语和句式、正确翻译常见合同文本、长句的处理
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新编英语语法教程（第六版）第02讲练习参考答案 Ex. 2A 1. SVC Within the stricken area, not a single soul remained alive, and the city centre looked as if it had been razed by monster steam-roller. 2. SV The bomb exploded 1,000 ft. above the ground. 3. SVO On August 6, 1945, an American aircraft dropped a bomb on the Japanese town of Hiroshima. 4. SvoO Three days later, yet another bomb of the same kind gave the town of Nagasaki the same fatal blow. 5. SVOC The explosion made one and a half square miles of the city an expense of reddish rubble. 6. SV A Within the fraction of a second, the bomb changed from a metal cylinder into an immense mass of expanding gas, millions of degrees hot. 7. SVOA A tremendous blast of hot air whirled the debris of stone, concrete, metal, and wood over the ground.
郭著章 李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(大写、标点符号与英汉互译)
第10章大写、标点符号与英汉互译 10.1 复习笔记 第1节大写与翻译 一、英文大写的最常用规则 1. 历史上的事件、时期和文件。如：美国的“南北战争”为“Civil War”。 2. 商品的牌子名称。如：飞鸽牌自行车Flying—Pigeon bicycle，可口可乐Coca Cola。 3. 星期名、月份、假日。如：星期一Monday，三月March，国庆日National Day。 4. 人名和地名，即数量最多的专有名词。如：邓小平Deng Xiaoping，莎士比亚Shakespeare，伦敦London。 5. 标题与书名等专名中的实词与两个音节及其以上的虚词。如：《为人民服务》“Serve the People”，《双城记》A Tale of Two Cities，《无事生非》Much Ado About Nothing。 6. 圣经中关于上帝的名词与代词。如：God，Lord，Christ，Jesus，He，Him，Himself 和His。 7. 职称、头衔和亲属关系称呼用在人名前头时。如：王力教授Professor Wang Li，史密斯博士Dr. Smith。 8. 机关、学校、建筑物和商业机构的名称。如：教育部Education Ministry，武汉大学Wuhan University，人民大会堂the Great Hall of the People。 9. 种族、国籍、语言和宗教方面的词语。如：黑人Black People或Negro，意大利
人Italian，中国籍(中国人或中国人的)Chinese，汉语Chinese天主教Catholic，新教徒Protestant。 10. 其他一切有特殊含义的词语，包括一句或一信的开头词、诗行的开头词、直接引语的开头词、强调词语等，和前9条中所说的词语一样，其首字母或全部字母必须大写。如： (1) 他爱国。 He loves his motherland. (2) 亲爱的先生： Dear Sir， (3) (诗句)听!那山谷深深，/充满了她歌唱的清音。 O listen! for the vale profound/Is overflowing with the sound. 第2节汉译英与标点 一、汉语标点符号 汉语书面语中共有l6种标点符号，它们是：l. 句号(。)2. 问号(?)3. 叹号(!)4. 逗号(，)5. 顿号(、)6. 分号(；)7. 冒号(：)8. 引号(“”)9. 括号(( ))10. 破折号(—)11. 省略号( (12) 着重号(. )13. 连接号(-)14. 间隔号(·)15. 书名号(《》)16. 专名号(____) 要正确地使用标点符号，记清它们的位置亦非常重要。《标点符号用法》对每种符号的位置也作了明确规定：“句号、问号、叹号、逗号、顿号、分号和冒号都是占一个字的位置，通常不出现在一行之首。引号、括号、书名号的前一半不出现在一行之末，后一半不出现在一行之首。破折号和省略号都占两个字的位置，中间不能断开。连接号和间隔号一般占一个字的位置。在书写和印刷时，这四种符号上下居中。着重号、专名号和浪线式书名号标在字
英汉互译教程要略
英汉互译教程要略 1．Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries. 联合军事演习在本地区有增无减，不利于国家间建立信任。 2．This old man gets up and goes to bed with the sun everyday. 这位老翁每天黎明即起，日落而息。 3．A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of again. 附近的天体一旦落入黑洞，就会销声匿迹。 4．我们应该抢时间赶任务。 We should work against the clock. 5.These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings. 这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。 6．They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them. 他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。 7．When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. 一拿起书本，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。 8．Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 9．人们笑贫不笑娼。 People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes. 10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。 11．They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼着命地逃跑。 12．People were born survivors. 人的生存能力是与生俱来的。 13．这个环境工程是个“民心工程”。 The environment-friendly project is a “popularity-winning” project. 14. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。 The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 15. 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。 The meetings were marked by such absence of living discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. 16. They pay lip-service to education but don’t work for better schools. 他们口惠而实不至，口口声声支持教育，却又不肯为改善学校条件做一些实际工作。17．Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. 失业人数高居不下，已经十多个年头了。 18．有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生大扫除活动的死角。 Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign. 19. 这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，过了这村可没这个店啦。” The street peddler hawked, “Now or never!” 20. Why carry coals to Newcastle? 何必多此一举？ 21．You’re just teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs. 你这是在班门弄斧。 22．His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
英汉互译一第1课教案
广西师范学院《英汉互译（一）》课程教案 编号: 15-1 开课单位：外语系授课教研室：翻译写作 课程名称：《英汉互译（一）》授课教师：唐旭光 教材：《新编英汉互译教程》，授课对象：06级英语专业2、3、5班
《英汉互译（一）》第一讲翻译简论与主要翻译方法 （A Brief Discussion of Translation and Major Translation Approaches） 1. Introduction Translation studies started along with translation practice. Translation theories developed flourishingly in the 20th century, especially in the second half of the last century. In fact, translation, which is a very complex phenomenon, is related to different disciplines, such as linguistics, psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, communication theory, literary criticism, aesthetics, and semiotics. As translation study is a cross-discipline and cross-culture subject involving many aspects of human knowledge, the lack of a fully acceptable theory of translation should not come as a surprise. Meanwhile, quite a number of translation approaches and strategies have become universally acceptable and widely applicable. They are, of course, the fruits of many translation theorists and translation practitioners at home and abroad. 2.The Origin of Translation Language makes it possible for people to communicate with one another freely so as to complete important tasks in human life. Translation makes it possible for people from different languages to communicate with one another so as to complete important tasks in their life. Theodore Savory points out, “Translation is almost as old as original authorship and has a history as honorable and as complex as that of any other branch of literature”(申雨平, 2002:4). In Zhou Dynasty there were different forms of address for translators in different places. “Translators are called Ji in the east, Xiang in the south, Didi in the west, and
数据结构(第二版)课后习题答案(王红梅主编)
第 1 章绪论 课后习题讲解 1. 填空 ⑴（）是数据的基本单位，在计算机程序中通常作为一个整体进行考虑和处理。 【解答】数据元素 ⑵（）是数据的最小单位，（）是讨论数据结构时涉及的最小数据单位。 【解答】数据项，数据元素 【分析】数据结构指的是数据元素以及数据元素之间的关系。 ⑶从逻辑关系上讲，数据结构主要分为（）、（）、（）和（）。【解答】集合，线性结构，树结构，图结构 ⑷数据的存储结构主要有（）和（）两种基本方法，不论哪种存储结构，都要存储两方面的内容：（） 和（）。 【解答】顺序存储结构，链接存储结构，数据元素，数据元素之间的
关系 ⑸算法具有五个特性，分别是（）、（）、（）、（）、（）。 【解答】有零个或多个输入，有一个或多个输出，有穷性，确定性，可行性 ⑹算法的描述方法通常有（）、（）、（）和（）四种，其中，（）被称为算法语言。 【解答】自然语言，程序设计语言，流程图，伪代码，伪代码 ⑺在一般情况下，一个算法的时间复杂度是（）的函数。 【解答】问题规模 ⑻设待处理问题的规模为n，若一个算法的时间复杂度为一个常数，则表示成数量级的形式为（），若 为n*log25n，则表示成数量级的形式为（）。 【解答】Ο(1)，Ο(nlog2n) 【分析】用大O记号表示算法的时间复杂度，需要将低次幂去掉，将最高次幂的系数去掉。 2. 选择题
⑴顺序存储结构中数据元素之间的逻辑关系是由（）表示的，链接存储结构中的数据元素之间的逻辑关 系是由（）表示的。 A 线性结构 B 非线性结构 C 存储位置 D 指针 【解答】C，D 【分析】顺序存储结构就是用一维数组存储数据结构中的数据元素，其逻辑关系由存储位置（即元素在数 组中的下标）表示；链接存储结构中一个数据元素对应链表中的一个结点，元素之间的逻辑关系由结点中 的指针表示。 ⑵假设有如下遗产继承规则：丈夫和妻子可以相互继承遗产；子女可以继承父亲或母亲的遗产；子女间不 能相互继承。则表示该遗产继承关系的最合适的数据结构应该是（）。 A 树 B 图 C 线性表 D 集合
数据结构课程 课后习题答案
《数据结构简明教程》练习题及参考答案 练习题1 1. 单项选择题 （1）线性结构中数据元素之间是（）关系。 A.一对多 B.多对多 C.多对一 D.一对一 答：D （2）数据结构中与所使用的计算机无关的是数据的（）结构。 A.存储 B.物理 C.逻辑 D.物理和存储 答：C （3）算法分析的目的是（）。 A.找出数据结构的合理性 B.研究算法中的输入和输出的关系 C.分析算法的效率以求改进 D.分析算法的易懂性和文档性 答：C （4）算法分析的两个主要方面是（）。 A.空间复杂性和时间复杂性 B.正确性和简明性 C.可读性和文档性 D.数据复杂性和程序复杂性 答：A （5）计算机算法指的是（）。 A.计算方法 B. 排序方法 C.求解问题的有限运算序列 D.调度方法 答：C （6）计算机算法必须具备输入、输出和（）等5个特性。 A.可行性、可移植性和可扩充性 B.可行性、确定性和有穷性 C.确定性、有穷性和稳定性 D.易读性、稳定性和安全性 答：B 2. 填空题 （1）数据结构包括数据的①、数据的②和数据的③这三个方面的内容。 答：①逻辑结构②存储结构③运算 （2）数据结构按逻辑结构可分为两大类，它们分别是①和②。 答：①线性结构②非线性结构 （3）数据结构被形式地定义为（D,R），其中D是①的有限集合，R是D上的②有限集合。
答：①数据元素 ②关系 （4）在线性结构中，第一个结点 ① 前驱结点，其余每个结点有且只有1个前驱结点；最后一个结点 ② 后继结点，其余每个结点有且只有1个后继结点。 答：①没有 ②没有 （5）在树形结构中，树根结点没有 ① 结点，其余每个结点有且只有 ② 个前驱结点；叶子结点没有 ③ 结点，其余每个结点的后继结点数可以是 ④ 。 答：①前驱 ②1 ③后继 ④任意多个 （6）在图形结构中，每个结点的前驱结点数和后继结点数可以是（ ）。 答：任意多个 （7）数据的存储结构主要有四种，它们分别是 ① 、 ② 、 ③ 和 ④ 存储结构。 答：①顺序 ②链式 ③索引 ④哈希 （8）一个算法的效率可分为 ① 效率和 ② 效率。 答：①时间 ②空间 3. 简答题 （1）数据结构和数据类型两个概念之间有区别吗？ 答：简单地说，数据结构定义了一组按某些关系结合在一起的数组元素的集合。数据类型不仅定义了一组数据元素，而且还在其上定义了一组操作。 （2）简述线性结构、树形结构和图形结构的不同点。 答：线性结构反映结点间的逻辑关系是一对一的，树形线性结构反映结点间的逻辑关系是一对多的，图在结构反映结点间的逻辑关系是多对多的。 （3）设有采用二元组表示的数据逻辑结构S=(D,R)，其中D={a ,b ,…,i }，R={(a ,b ),(a ,c ),(c ,d ),(c ,f ),(f ,h ),(d ,e ),(f ,g ),(h ,i )}，问相对于关系R ，哪些结点是开始结点，哪些结点是终端结点？ 答：该逻辑结构为树形结构，其中a 结点没有前驱结点，称为根结点，b 、e 、g 、i 结点没有后继结点，是终端结点，也称为叶子结点。 （4）以下各函数是算法中语句的执行频度，n 为问题规模，给出对应的时间复杂度： T 1(n )=n log 2n -1000log 2n T 2(n )=3log 2n -1000log 2n T 3(n )=n 2 -1000log 2n T 4(n )=2n log 2n -1000log 2n 答：T 1(n )=O(n log 2n )，T 2(n )=O( )，T 3(n )=O(n 2 )，T 4(n )=O(n log 2n )。 （5）分析下面程序段中循环语句的执行次数。 int j=0,s=0,n=100; do { j=j+1; s=s+10*j; } while (j 第5章翻译常用的八种技巧 5.1 重译法 一、英译汉 1. It may seem strange to put into the same packet an industrial revolution and two political revolutions. But the fact is that they were all social revolutions. 【译文】把一场工业革命同两次政治革命归作一类似乎有点奇怪，但事实上这三次革命都是社会革命。 2. Two things are outstanding in the creation of the English system of canals, and they characterise all the Industrial Revolution. 【译文】在修建英国的运河网的过程中，有两点是非常突出的，而这两点也正是整个工业革命的特点。 3. The canals were arteries of communication: they were not made to carry pleasure boats, but barges. 【译文】运河是交通的动脉，开运河不是为了走游艇，而是为了通行驳船。 4. James Brindley was a pioneer in the art of building canals or, as it was then called, ‘navigation’. 【译文】布林德雷是开凿运河的先驱者，当时人们把开凿运河叫做navigation。 5. Several factors accounted for this extraordinary achievement. One was the expansion into the west. Another was the application of machinery to farming. 【译文】取得这一特殊成就有几方面的原因：第一个原因是向西部的扩展，第二个原因是机器在农业上的应用。 6. …for the establishment of agricultural and industrial colleges. These were to serve both as educational institutions and as centers for research in scientific farming. 【译文】……以便建立农业和工业学院。这些学校一方面是教育机关，另一方面，也是农业科学的研究中心。 7. …This is nothing li ke back home in Colorado. We have rains there, too. Thunderstorms in spring and summer... 【译文】……这跟家乡科罗拉多的情况迥然不同。科罗拉多也下雨。春夏两季雷雨交加……【解析】原文第二句用there代替in Colorado，而译文重复“科罗拉多”。 8. The world watches. The world listens. The world waits to see what we will do. 【译文】全世界在注视着。全世界在倾听着。全世界在等待着看我们将做些什么。 9. As you said in your toast, the Chinese people are a great people, the American people are a great people. 英汉互译教程总复习 1．Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries. 联合军事演习在本地区有增无减，不利于国家间建立信任。 2．This old man gets up and goes to bed with the sun everyday. 这位老翁每天黎明即起，日落而息。 3．A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of again. 附近的天体一旦落入黑洞，就会销声匿迹。 4．我们应该抢时间赶任务。 We should work against the clock. 5.These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings. 这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。 6．They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them. 他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。 7．When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. 一拿起书本，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。 8．Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 9．人们笑贫不笑娼。 People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes. 10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。 11．They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼着命地逃跑。 12．People were born survivors. 人的生存能力是与生俱来的。 13．这个环境工程是个“民心工程”。 The environment-friendly project is a “popularity-winning” project. 14. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。 The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 15. 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。 The meetings were marked by such absence of living discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. 16. They pay lip-service to education but don’t work for better schools. 他们口惠而实不至，口口声声支持教育，却又不肯为改善学校条件做一些实际工作。17．Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. 失业人数高居不下，已经十多个年头了。 18．有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生大扫除活动的死角。 Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign. 19. 这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，过了这村可没这个店啦。” The street peddler hawked, “Now or never!” 20. Why carry coals to Newcastle? 何必多此一举？ 21．You’re just teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs. 你这是在班门弄斧。 22．His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness. 汉英翻译技巧汇总 Title: 汉英翻译技巧：合并（Combination） Key words: combination, simple sentence, compound sentence, C-E translation Abstract: It discusses the technique of combination of simple and compound sentences. Compiler: 丁树德等 C-E （A） in terms of simple sentences （1）天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。It was so cold that the river froze. （丁树德，"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导"，大学出版社，1996） （2）理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. （丁树德，"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导"，大学出版社，1996） （3）他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle. （丁树德，"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导"，大学出版社，1996） （4）年满十八岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election. （丁树德，"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导"，大学出版社，1996） （5）当时，友谊商店只对外宾开放，不对中宾开放。At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors.（王大伟，"现代汉英翻译技巧"，世界图书出版公司，1999）（本科四年级以上） （B） in terms of compound sentences （6）她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。She is justifiably proud of her achievements. （"现代汉英翻译技巧" 王大伟世界图书出版公司1999） （7）这家小工厂经过技术改造，发展很快，使人感到惊讶不已。This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with 英汉互译教程 Unit3 Words have no meanings, context gives them. 词本无意，意随文生。 Words have no meanings, people give them.词本无意，意随人生。 3.1 Meaning: denotation and connotation denotation: literal meaning Connotation: implied meaning 所谓概念意义，也叫外延意义（denotative Meaning）或认知意义（cognitive Meaning），就是词汇的最基本意义，是语言符号所代表的事物的基本特征的抽象概括，常视为词语在字典中的定义或释义 所谓内涵意义(connotative meaning)，是隐含于或附加在概念意义上的意义。社会、群体或个人都可以使一个词具有内涵意义，有时还是很不相同的内涵意义。这种差异既可以存在于两种语言、两种文化之间，也可以存在于一种语言和一种文化的亚文化之间。 Standard of translation 各种翻译技巧、变化等等，都是为了表达的需要（忠实、通顺）。而为了达到这些效果，就不得不借助于以下这些概念： text type, collocation, context, style, etc. It is not surprising, then that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies. 在这种情况下，世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了。各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。 Floating policy is of great importance for export trade; it is, in fact, a convenient method of insuring goods where a number of similar export transactions are intended, e.g. where the insured has to supply an overseas importer under an exclusive sale agreement or maintains sales representatives or subsidiary companies abroad. 统保单对出口贸易至关重要。它实际上是货物保险中的一种便利的办法，特别适合于分不同的时间出口的一批类似货物，如，当被保险方根据独家代理协议书向国外的进口方供货，或在国外委任了销售代表，设立分支机构时用之。 3.1 纵聚合与横聚合 语义场中，词汇的语义关系可分为纵聚合关系（paradigmatic relationship）与横组合关系(syntagmatic relationship)。 纵聚合关系指的是词语的纵向替代关系。 横组合关系指的是词语间的搭配关系。 做饭做礼拜 做梦做买卖 做客做学问 语义场中，词汇的语义关系可分为纵聚合关系（paradigmatic relationship）与横组合关系(syntagmatic relationship)。 纵聚合关系指的是词语的纵向替代关系。 横组合关系指的是词语间的搭配关系。郭著章《英汉互译实用教程》(第4版)教材配套题库-第5章 翻译常用的八种技巧【圣才出品】
英汉互译教程要略
汉英翻译技巧汇总
英汉互译教程