高中英语语法名词性从句知识点小结

在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。

一、引导名词性从句的关联词

引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同，它们分别是：连词：that, whether, if；关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever ；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever 。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。

详细见下表：

1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别

连词that在从句中不作成分，不含疑问意义；而wh-连词在从句中作成分，且含有疑问意义；或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。

It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.

她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。（that在从句中只起引导词作用，不作成分）What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.

事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。（What在从句中作主语）

2、that与whether引导名词性从句的区别。

（1）动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道”解时，肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句；否定句don’t doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that引导的从句。

I don’t doubt that he will come soon.我不怀疑他不久会来。（此处不用whether）Can you doubt that he will win?你怀疑他会赢吗？（此处不用whether）

比较：doubt表示“不信”解时，表示强烈的不相信时，在陈述句中可接that从句。

I doubt whether it is true.我怀疑那不是真的。

I doubt that he will stay there.我不信他会留在那里。

（2）that本身无意义，有时可以省略；whether本身有意义，在句中均不可省略。He said (that) he was from New York.他说他是从纽约来的。（that无意义，可以省略）

Whether he will go there is not decided yet.他去不去没定下来。（whether 有意义，不可以省略）

（3）如果宾语从句表示两种可能性据其一时，只能用whether(or not)，不可用that。

I wonder whether he knew the manager(or not).我不知道他是否认识经理。（不能用that）

I am not sure whether he will come.他来不来我没把握。（不能用that）

（4）whether引导的从句能几乎作所有介词的宾语；that引导的从句只能作except, but, besides的介词宾语。

I have no interest in whether he will come.我对他来与否不感兴趣。（不能用that）He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes.他是个好孩子，只是有时有点粗心。

3、whether和if的区别

（1）whether可以引导discuss ，decide,consider 和介词宾语从句，而if不能。They are talking about whether they will go there.他们正在讨论是否去那里。（不能用if）

（2）whether可以应到所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句；在引起主语从句时，特别是主语从句在句首时，不能用if，除非是有形式主语it的主语从句。

Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 2000

年奥运会是否在北京举行还不知道。（不能用if）

（3）whether后可以直接跟or not或or no，构成whether or not或whether or no，if则不能。但可以说whether/if… or not, whether/if… or。

I don't know whether or not he'll come.我不知道他是否会来。（不能用if）（4）if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语，whether引导的从句不用于否定的谓语。

I don't care if you won't come.我才不在乎他来不来呢。

（5）whether …or可以引导让步状语从句，or不可省略；if可以引导条件状语从句。

Whether it snows or not, I will go there by bike.不论明天下不下雪，我都骑车去。

If he had been given more time, he could have done it much better. 如果给他更多的时间，他会做得更好。

（6）whether可以和不定式连用，而if不能。

He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是现在结婚还是等等再说。

They haven’t decided whether to go there or not.他们还没决定去不去。

（7）whether和if引导的宾语从句，可以用肯定，也可以用否定，但含义不同。He asked whether she could help.他问她是否能帮忙。（表示疑问，可加or not）He asked whether she couldn’t help.他认为她能帮忙。（表示否定，不可加or not）

4、关系代词与关系副词引起的名词性从句的应当注意的问题

（1）wh-ever引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于不定代词后加一个定语从句：whatever = anything that，whoever=anyone who, wherever=any place where, whenever=any time when表示泛指；而what，which，who，when，where，how 等词都有时含有疑问意义，表示特指。

A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do. 计算机只能按人们的

指令去做事。( 特指)

It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 普遍认为，孩子要什么就给他什么不是聪明之举。( 泛指)

（2）介词后的who/whom，whoever/whomever的选择问题，则要看连接词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如在从句中作主语则只能选用who/whoever。Give them to whoever is likely to be interested.把他们送给感兴趣的人。（不能用whomever）

Who do you think is the best student?你认为谁是最好的学生。（不能用whom）（3）正确使用who/ whoever，what/whatever，how/however，where/wherever，when/whenever，which/whichever，who，what，where，when，how，which一要分析句子结构，看其在从句中作何成分，二是理清其在句中的含义。

---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. 我上周开车去参加珠海的空展了。---Is that why you had a few days off? （表原因）这就是你请了几天假的原因吗？

I remember when this used to be a quiet place.我记忆中这里曾经是一个安静的地方。(表时间)

二、主语从句(subject clauses)

在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever ；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever 等。

1、从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。

从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。

That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。

Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。

2、it作形式主语引导主语从句。

如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。

用作it作形式主语的结构：

① It is/was +形容词+that 从句

It’s natural that…很自然……

It’s obvious that …显而易见……

It’s fortunate that …幸运的是

It’s(im)possible…（不）可能……

It’s unlikely that…不可能

It’s strange that…奇怪的是……

② It is/was +名词+that 从句

It’s a pity that…遗憾的是……

It’s a fact that …事实是……

It’s good news that…是好消息……

It’s a wonder that…不足为奇……

It’s an honour that…非常荣幸……

It’s a shame that…真是可耻……

It’s common knowledge that …是常识…

③ It +不及物动词+that 从句

It seems that…似乎……

It happened that…碰巧……

It appears that…看来……

It turns out that…结果……

④ It is/was +过去分词+that 从句

It’s not known that………不得而知

It’s said that…据说……

It’s reported that…据报道……

It’s decided that…尚未决定

It’s believed that…据认为……

It’s announced that…据宣布……

It suddenly struck me (occur to me that…我突然想到（感觉到）……

⑤其他

It doesn’t matter …是无关紧要的

It makes no difference …毫无区别……

It is of little consequence that…无关紧要

1、由连接代词引导的主语从句。

（1）连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。

Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的应当关灯。What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行为可能伤害别人。（2）what引导主语从句“……的东西/事情”时，可用来表示the thing(s)which这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西与一件事情，这种用法的what称为关系代词

型what，who，whom，which，what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成分，所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。

What I need (=The thing which I need)is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移动电话。

Whoever leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。

3、连接副词引导的主语从句。

连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。

Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。

三、表语从句

用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever 等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。

1、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。

that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。

The trouble is (that) she has lost his money.

麻烦的事是他丢了钱。

The question is whether we need more ice cream.

问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。

2、由关系代词引导的表语从句。

关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。

The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。

3、由关系副词引导的表语从句。

Go and get your coat. It's where you left it.

去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。

That is what he is worried about.

那就是他所担心的。

4、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。

It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。

四、同位语从句

用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。

1、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。

I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off.

我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。

2、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。

You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。

3、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。

I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。

4、定语从句与同位语从句的区别。

（1）同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。

The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建议很好。(定语从句)

The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我们轮流打扫教室，这个建议很好。(同位语从句)

（2）引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。The fact (that) we talked about is important.我们所谈论的情况很重要。(定语从句，that作从句中介词about的宾语)

The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他的实验成功了，这使大家很高兴。(同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分)

（3）引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。

Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。(定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系)

I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从句，idea 与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)

（4）同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。

He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能写小说。（同位语从句）

I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。（定语从句）

五、宾语从句(object clauses)

用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。

1、作动词宾语

（1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。

I think (that) he'll be right in a few days. 我认为他几天后就会好的。

I wish （that）she would understand me .我希望她理解我。

（2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。

A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do．计算机只能按人的指令去做。

Do you know whom they are waiting for?你知道他们在等谁吗？

（3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。

关系副词when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. 请告诉我我们将何时讨论计划。

I don't know where we are going to have the meeting. 我不知道我们将在哪里开会。

（4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。

I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. 我想知道在乡下女儿是否和儿子一样受到重视。

I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me. 我不知道你是否愿意帮我。注意：whether 和if的区别，请参考概述部分。

（5）动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。

动词如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语，这个宾语有时可以省略，有的不能省略。He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我们将什么时候讨论我的建议。(me不可省略)

She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on.她答应以后给我们更多的帮助。(us可省略)

2、作介词宾语

It depends on whether he is coming or not. 这要看他是否会来。

I was curious as to what we could do next.我想知道下一步我们该做什么。

注意：that引导的宾语从句只在in, but, except,besides等少数介词后作宾语，形成固定搭配，in that在于（因为），but that要不是(只是)，except that除了……。The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得税过高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿多赚钱。

2、作形容词宾语。

that引导的从句在下列形容词后面作宾语，that可以省略。

Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。

I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定从前是否见过他。

I'm sorry (that) you're ill. 你病了，我很难过。

4、it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语---宾语从句后置。

正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况：

（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语（宾语＋宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。

She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone．她认为他不接电话是不对的。

（2）在like，enjoy，love，hate,take 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语it。

I hate it when people talk with their mouths ful l.我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。

I like it that everyone passed the exam．都通过了考试我很喜欢。

（3）由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。如：We are thinking of it that we'll lend you some money．我正在考虑借给你钱的事。

I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好。

（4）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。

Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o’clock.要记住你得十点钟之前回家。

We took it for granted that he would come.我们认为他来是当然的。

(5)不可直接跟that从句的动词。

下列动词不可直接接that从句：ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, celebrate, entreat, dislike（厌恶）, overlook, love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate, hear （听见）, see（看见）, want（想要）等，但可用it, the fact做媒介，后接that 从句；或接动名词、不定式。

He overlooked it that he had made another mistake.(正确)

He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake. (正确)

He overlooked that he had made another mistake.(错误)

他忽视了一件事，他又犯了一个错误。

I admire it that they won the match.(正确)

I admire the fact that they won the match.(正确)

I admire that they won the match.(错误)

我很羡慕，他们赢得了比赛。

5、that引导宾语从句的省略。

（1）主句谓语动词是agree, argue, hold, learn, maintain, observe, contend, conceive, reckon, remark, state, suggest, assume, announce, calculate, indicate等时，其后宾语从句的引导词that一般不可省略；主句谓语动词是hear, know, say, see, confess consider, declare, understand, propose等时，其后宾语从句的引导词that 可以省略，也可以不省略；主句谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, presume, dare say等时，其后宾语从句的引导词that可以省略。

He suggested that we should set off at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.他建议我们

明天早晨8点走。(that不可省略)

I think (that) this is very important.我认为这很重要。(that可省略)

（2）当一个句子很复杂，句中有多个状语时，that不可省略；或者一个句子有多个并列的宾语从句时，特别第一个宾语从句特别长，后面的宾语从句的that 不可省略；谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时，that不可省去。

He said you needn't worry and that he would help you. 他说你没有必要着急，他会帮助你的。（said之后可省去that，但第二个that不可省去）

We decide, as he has suggested, that we will start out tomorrow. 就像他建议的那样，我们决定明天动身。

6、否定转移。

（1）如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一定要把否定词一道主句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。

I don’t think he can do it better than me.我想他不会比我干得好。

I don’t believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不会那样对待孩子的。

（2）think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等此类动词后，在简略答语中，用so 替代前文肯定的宾语从句；若替代一个否定的宾语从句，用not 或not…so替代前文整个从句。

-I believe we've met somewhere before．

-No，I don't think so．

“我认为我们从前在哪见过。”

“没有，我认为我们以前没见过。”

-Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend？

-I believe not．

“你认为这周末会下雨吗？”“我认为不会。”

注意：hope 只能说I hope not 一种形式，因为hope 不能否定转移。

③如果think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等前有副词或表示强调的do, does, did；或者同其它词构成并列谓语；或者不以现在时出现；或者用作插入语中。这时候不用否定转移。

I really expect she didn’t say that to him.我确实希望她不和他说那件事。

I think and hope that he won’t be deceived by the man.我认为也希望他不会被那个人欺骗。

7、时态的呼应与语序。

在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则：

（1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。

Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？你能确定爱丽丝把金戒指放到什么地方了吗？

They have no idea at all where he has gone．他们一点也不知道他去了哪。

Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night？你知道他昨晚和谁一

起说话吗？

（2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。如：He said he would come to see us the next day. 他说他明天将来看我们。

I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing. 我想知道他是否去过北京。（3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。

Dick asked Lucy how old she is．迪克问露斯她多大了。

The teacher said the sun rises in the east．老师说太阳从东方升起。

应试小技巧

一、进入考场，首先要做的是让自己冷静下来。具体做法是：首先，做一次深呼吸，然后告诫自己：“欲速则不达”，“不要着急，按时交卷就行了”。

二、开考铃声响前有5分钟时间让你浏览试卷。此时不可用笔答题，否则违反考纪。你可以一边深呼吸，一边看试卷，但切记不可看作文题，以免影响答题情绪。

三、开考铃声响后允许答题。答题过程中要注意避免以下几种心态：

1、偏急心态，为了抢时间，没有审清题目条件，慌忙答题，解决方法是心中默念：“匆忙做题，做了也白做”。

2、固执心态，久攻不下的试题，又不愿意放弃，徒然浪费时间，解决方法是心中默念：“我攻不下，别人也攻不下，暂时先搁着，做了其它题目后或许会有灵感”。

四、时间安排策略

分配时间要服从于考试成功的目的，基本原则就是保证在能够得分的地方不丢分，不容易得分的地方争取尽可能多得分。在具体操作上，要求考生做到“量菜吃饭”，按“分数时间比”

实用原则，分值大的题目多花些时间，分值小的题目少花一些时间；一看就会做的题目先花时间，需要考虑一下才能解答的题目放在第二梯队完成；难度最大的或从来没有见到过的题目，放在最后攻关。

【英语】名词性从句知识点总结和题型总结

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高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

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名词性从句知识点总结经典(1)

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1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人，用作主语 whom指人，用作宾语 which指物，用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物，用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句：先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.

(完整版)高中英语语法知识思维导图

什么是语法？ +表语 +宾语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 +宾语+宾语补足语 to/-ing s not

一般现在时vs.一般过去时

一般将来时将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或者重复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间副词连用，例如：soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。

进行时(1) (V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing)?

进行时(2)

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