环境工程专业英语试题

一、英汉互译

1. oxidizing agent——氧化剂

2. activated sludge——活性污泥

3. water purification——水净化

4. protozoa——原生动物

5. nitrogen dioxide——二氧化氮

6. phosphate——磷酸盐

7. the dew point——露点8. food additives——食品添加剂

9. chemical plant——化工厂10.primary air pollutant——一次大气污染物

11.qualitative analysis——定性分析12.environmental problem——环境问题

13.incomplete combustion——不完全燃烧14.photochemical oxidants——光化学氧化剂

15.suspented solid——悬浮固体16.气布比——air to cloth ratio

17.一氧化碳——carbon monoxide 18.酵母——yeast

19.紫外线——ultraviolet light 20.反向渗透——reverse osmosis

21.水资源——water resource 22.有机物质——organic matter

23.地表水——surface water 24.引风机——draft fan

25.生物鉴定——bioassay 26.副产品——by-products

27.环境容量——environmental capacity 28.供水，给水——water supply

29.吸附——adsorption 30.环境污染——environmental pollution

二、英译汉

1.Protection of public health, the original purpose of pollution control, continues to be the primary objective

in many areas. However, preservation of water resources, protection of fishing areas, and maintenance of recreational waters are additional concerns today.

污染控制的最初目的是保护公众的健康，在许多地方这仍然是主要目的。然而，目前保护水资源、保护渔区和维护娱乐水域也是关注的方面。

2.Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of

the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.污染：可以定义为空气、水或土壤的物理化学或生物特性发生恶化以至于对人类或生物有机体的健康、生存或活性造成了危害。Environment can be defined as(1) the circumstance of conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or (2) the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community.环境可以定义为：（1）一个生物个体或生物群体周围的状况或条件；（2）影响个体或群体的复杂的社会或文化条件。

3.Fabric filters usually provide very high collection efficiencies, exceeding 99.5%, at pressure drops usually

ranging from 4 to 6 inches of water. The amount of filter area required is often based o an air-to-cloth ratio of 11.5 to 3.0 cfm of gas/ft of cloth.

布袋过滤器经常提供超过99.5%的高捕集效率，压力降一般在4-6英寸水柱。所需要的滤料面积通常是根据气布比为11.5-3.0cfm气体/平方英尺布来考虑的。

4.Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds that attack metal surfaces, a

problem that has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, and computer industries.

大气中的硫和氮的氧化物经反应后形成酸性化合物，这些化合物腐蚀金属表面，这个问题通讯设备、电力设施和计算机工业方面已经很严重。

三、选择题

1. The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study

of environmental problems: their causes, why they are of concern, and how we can control them.（C ）

A. objective

B. book

C. environmental problems

D. students

2. Thus, a pollutant species may present a toxicological hazard to plants or animals. It may also cause

contamination of resources (such as air, water, and soil) so that they cannot be utilized for other purposes.（C ）

A. plants

B. animals

C. resources

D. pollutant species

3. However, sewage may also contain pathogens from the excreta of people with infectious diseases that

can be transmitted by contaminated water. （D ）

A. sewage

B. pathogens

C. people

D. infectious diseases

4. In fact, knowledgeable scientists of the time accepted land irrigation and percolation into the porous

underground formations as methods of waste treatment. Although these treatment methods may have been intended for non-hazardous materials, they were employed for hazardous materials as well.

（ B ）

A. knowledgeable scientists

B. these treatment methods

C. non-hazardous materials

D. hazardous materials

5. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides react in the atmosphere to form acidic compounds which attack metal

surfaces, a problem which has been particularly acute for the communications, switchgear, and computer industries. （D ）

A. Sulfur

B. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides

C. metal surfaces

D. acidic compounds

四、英译汉，每小题10分，共30分

1.International cooperation in the field of environmental protection should be based on the principle of

equality among sovereign states. The developing countries have the sovereign right to use their own natural