阅读理解解题技巧之推理判断解题指导

二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之推理判断解题指导

命题方式的特点

英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意，这就是推理判断题。推理判断题在阅读测试中属于难题。要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维、哲学原理，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。推理判断题常见的题型有细节推断题、因果推断题、写作意图推断题、人物性格、态度及观点判断题、预测想象推断题、短文来源、读者对象推测题等。

命题方式考法

（1）细节推断类-------关键词句的推敲

（2）写作意图类-------文体特点推意图

（3）观点态度题-------褒贬措辞定态度

（4）文章出处或读者对象类--------内容细节巧判断

推理判断类题目常见的设问方式

(1)It can be inferred/concluded from the passage that ________.

(2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?

(3)The auther strongly suggests that_________.

(4)The passage implies, but doesn't directly state that ________.

(5)The writer/auther implies/indicates/suggests that ________.

(6)The author probably feels that ________.

(7)The author uses the example of... to show that ________.

(8)What's the author's attitude toward...?

(9) What is the main purpose of the author writing text?

(10)The author writes the last paragraph in order to __________

选项的特点

(1)正确选项的特点

①在文章中可以找到信息支持，并且可以推断出正确选项。

②大多含义深刻，不是常识选项。

(2)干扰项的特点

①颠倒是非：选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反。

②照搬原文：原文里有相关的直接信息，不需要经过推断。

③推理过度：把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。

④无中生有：捏造原文中并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推断。

解答推理判断题应注意的问题

(1)把握全文是推断的前提。把握全文内容，在彻底理解的基础上，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示或线索，这是推理判断的前提和基础。

(2)推理要有理有据。推理判断题不能毫无根据地凭主观臆断做出在原文中找不到根据的推理，也不能妄加猜测，对表面文字信息做多步推理，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。

(3)切忌用自己的观点来代替作者的观点。一定要认真分析，仔细揣摩，充分利用文章中的关键信息，弄清作者的写作目的和观点、态度，决不能将自己的观点强加到作者身上。

(4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇结构。要体会文章的基调，揣测作者的态度，找准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。

(5)利用背景知识进行推理。有时做推理判断题需要结合自己所掌握的相关背景知识及经验、常识进行分析、判断，从而得出符合常理的结论。

[考法综述]推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。常出现的推理判断题有逻辑推理、知识推断等。这类考题中常出现的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate，conclude，learn from, probably, most likely, can, could, may, might等。

命题法1细节推断

典例1Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.

But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking par t in the movement.“The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.

According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.

Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped