s5.1 Urban Land Layout
都市购物街景观设计外文文献翻译最新译文
都市购物街景观设计外文文献翻译最新译文摘要：本文翻译是关于都市购物街景观设计的外文文献。
它提供了一个关于如何设计和规划都市购物街景观的综述。
这些信息对于城市规划师、景观设计师和相关决策者来说都非常有用。
引言：都市购物街景观的设计是现代城市规划中一个重要的方面。
随着城市化的加速和人们对购物环境体验的要求日益增长，设计师们不断努力创造出独特而吸引人的购物街景观。
主要内容：1. 购物街景观设计原则：本文介绍了一些购物街景观设计的原则，包括景观形式的丰富性、人行道的设计和布局、绿化和景观元素的使用等。
2. 购物街景观规划：本部分讨论了购物街景观规划中的一些重要考虑因素，如人流量、交通流量、停车设施以及商铺和娱乐设施的布局。
3. 城市购物中心的设计：本文探讨了设计一个成功的城市购物中心所需考虑的因素，如购物中心的定位、建筑设计、商店和餐饮设施的选择等。
结论：本文提供了一些关于都市购物街景观设计的综述，旨在向城市规划师和景观设计师们提供一些有用的参考信息。
这些设计原则和规划考虑因素将有助于创造出令人满意的购物街景观，提升城市的魅力和人们的购物体验。
Translation of "Urban Shopping Street Landscape Design: Latest Translated Text"Abstract:This translated document is about urban shopping street landscape design. It provides an overview of how to design and plan the landscape of urban shopping streets. The information is useful for urban planners, landscape designers, and relevant decision-makers.Introduction:The design of urban shopping street landscapes is an important aspect of modern urban planning. With the acceleration of urbanization and people's increasing demand for shopping environment experiences, designers strive to create unique and appealing shopping street landscapes.Main Content:1. Principles of shopping street landscape design: This document introduces some principles of shopping street landscape design, including richness in landscape forms, design and layout of pedestrian paths, and the use of greenery and landscape elements.2. Planning of shopping street landscapes: This section discusses some important considerations in the planning of shopping street landscapes, such as pedestrian flow, traffic flow, parking facilities, and the layout of shops and entertainment facilities.3. Designing urban shopping centers: This document explores the factors to consider in designing a successful urban shopping center, such as positioning the shopping center, architectural design, and the selection of shops and dining facilities.Conclusion:This document provides an overview of urban shopping street landscape design, aiming to provide useful reference information for urban planners and landscape designers. These design principles and planning considerations will help create satisfactory shopping street landscapes, enhancing the attractiveness of cities and people's shopping experiences.。
悉尼地理之悉尼内城的建筑风格与城市规划_中英对照
悉尼地理之悉尼内城的建筑风格与城市规划Sydney Geography: Architectural Styles and Urban Planning in the Inner City of SydneySydney, a vibrant city on Australia's eastern coast, is renowned for its diverse architecture styles and meticulously planned urban layout. Its inner city area, particularly noteworthy, offers a unique blend of old and new, traditional and contemporary structures that speak volumes about the city's rich history and evolving culture. 悉尼，这座位于澳大利亚东海岸的充满活力的城市，以其多样化的建筑风格和精心规划的城市布局而闻名。
其特别引人注目的内城区更是新旧交融、传统与现代并存的典范，诉说着这座城市丰富的历史和不断演变的文化。
Walking through the laneways and streets of the inner city, one cannot help but be captivated by the diversity of architectural styles present. Victorian terraces with intricate ironwork balconies sit side-by-side with sleek modern high-rises, creating an intriguing juxtaposition that adds to the city's charm. The sandstone facades of older buildings contrast beautifully with the glass and steel exteriors of newer ones, reflecting both Sydney's colonial past and its contemporary aspirations.漫步在内城区的巷弄和街道中，人们无不被这里的多样化建筑风格所吸引。
城市规划与建筑学专业英语专题知识市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件
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• （1）英文原文：（什么是都市形态）
• What is Urban Form?
• Before discussion on the definition of urban form, it is necessary as a starting point to think about “how is a city formed”. Undoubtedly, people are makers of the city, and their basic intention for building a city is to meet various human needs, for example, settlement, working, transport and recreation. In order to satisfy these needs, a city is built and formed when people construct flats for settlement, shops and factories for working, roads and bridges for transportation, and open spaces for recreation.
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• At the same time, except for individual buildings, various spaces are created between two or a group of buildings, skylines are formed by edges of buildings and mountains, townscapes are developed by the appearance of buildings and spaces / All these are called the urban built environment, which is an external environment but not a natural environment. Urban form is a term[a1] to depict[a2] the urban built environment.
城市布局 英语作文
城市布局英语作文In the city layout, tall buildings stand side by side, reaching for the sky. The streets are bustling with people and cars, creating a vibrant and dynamic atmosphere.Parks and green spaces are scattered throughout the city, providing a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of urban life. Trees line the streets, offering shade and beauty to the concrete jungle.The city is divided into different districts, each with its own unique character and charm. From the historic old town to the modern business district, there is somethingfor everyone to explore and enjoy.Public transportation is efficient and convenient, with buses, subways, and trains connecting every corner of the city. People can easily travel from one place to another without the need for a car.The city layout is constantly evolving and changing, with new buildings and infrastructure projects shaping its future. Urban planners work tirelessly to ensure that the city remains functional, livable, and sustainable for generations to come.Overall, the city layout reflects the diversity and complexity of urban life, offering a mix of old and new, nature and technology, tradition and innovation. It is a place where people come together to work, play, and create a better future for themselves and their community.。
《城市电力规划规范》(50293-2014)
目次1总则 (1)2术语 (2)3基本规定 (4)4城市用电负荷 (5)4.1城市用电负荷分类 (5)4.2城市用电负荷预测 (5)4.3负荷预测指标 (6)5城市供电电源 (8)5.1城市供电电源种类和选择 (8)5.2电力平衡与电源布局 (8)5.3城市发电厂规划布局 (9)5.4城市电源变电站布局 (9)6城市电网 (11)6.1规划原则 (11)6.2电压等级和层次 (11)7城市供电设施 (13)7.1一般规定 (13)7.2城市变电站 (13)7.3开关站 (16)7.4环网单元 (16)7.5公用配电室 (16)7.6城市电力线路 (17)本规范用词说明 (20)引用标准名录 (21)Contents1General Provisions (1)2Terms (2)3Basic Requirements (4)4Urban Electricity Load (5)4.1Urban electricity Load Classification (5)4.2Urban electricity Load Forecast (5)4.3Load Forecast Index (6)5Urban Power Supply Sources (8)5.1Urban Power Supply Sources Type and Choice (8)5.2Power Balance and Power Source Layout (8)5.3Urban Power Plant Plan Layout Principle (9)5.4Urban Power Source Substation Layout Principle (9)6Urban Power Network (11)6.1Plan Principle (11)6.2Voltage Rank and Level (11)7Urban Power Supply Facility (13)7.1General Requirement (13)7.2Urban Substation (13)7.3Switching Station (16)7.4Ring Main Unit (16)7.5Public Distribution Room (16)7.6Urban Power Circuit (17)Explanation of Wording in This Code (20)List of Quoted Standards (21)1总则1.0.1为更好地贯彻执行国家城市规划、电力、能源的有关法规和方针政策，提高城市电力规划的科学性、合理性和经济性，确保规划编制质量，制定本规范。
土地平整的设计流程
土地平整的设计流程英文回答：Land leveling, also known as land grading or earthmoving, is an important process in the field of civil engineering and construction. It involves reshaping the land's surface to achieve a desired slope or contour, ensuring proper drainage and preparing the site for construction or agricultural purposes. The design process for land leveling typically involves several steps, which I will outline below.1. Site Assessment: The first step in the design process is to assess the site and gather relevant information. This includes conducting a topographic survey to determine the existing contours and slopes of the land. Additionally, any existing structures or utilities on the site must be identified and considered in the design.2. Design Criteria: Based on the site assessment, thedesign criteria for land leveling are established. This includes determining the desired slope or contour for the site, as well as any specific requirements for drainage or other site features. For example, if the site is intendedfor agricultural use, the design criteria may include requirements for irrigation and soil fertility.3. Conceptual Design: With the design criteria in mind,a conceptual design is developed. This involves creating a preliminary layout of the proposed land contours and slopes. The design should take into account any existing featuresor constraints on the site, such as trees or bodies of water. The conceptual design may be presented to the client or stakeholders for review and feedback.4. Detailed Design: Once the conceptual design is approved, a detailed design is developed. This includes specifying the exact slopes, contours, and elevations for each area of the site. The design should also includedetails on any necessary earthwork, such as cut and fill calculations. Additionally, the design may include specifications for erosion control measures, such asretaining walls or drainage channels.5. Construction Planning: After the detailed design is complete, the construction planning phase begins. This involves developing a construction schedule, procuring necessary materials and equipment, and coordinating with contractors and other stakeholders. The construction plan should outline the sequence of work and any specific requirements or considerations for the land leveling process.6. Construction and Quality Control: The final step in the design process is the construction and quality control phase. This involves implementing the design on the site, ensuring that the land is properly leveled according to the design specifications. Quality control measures, such as regular inspections and testing, should be implemented to ensure that the work meets the required standards.中文回答：土地平整，也被称为土地整平或土方工程，是土木工程和建筑领域中的重要过程。
设计方案英文翻译
设计方案英文翻译篇一:建筑设计方案、初设及施工图深度(带英文翻译)2 方案设计2 Project Design/Concept Design2.1 一般要求2.1 General Requirements2.1.1 方案设计文件2.1.1 Project design documents1 设计说明书，包括各专业设计说明以及投资估算等内容;1 The design specifications include various professional design specifications and investment estimation; for those professions involved with building energy-effective design, the design specification shall include the special content related to the building energy-efficiency;2 总平面图以及建筑设计图纸(若为城市区域供热或区域煤气调压站，应提供热能动力专业的设计图纸，具体见2.3.3条);2 The general layout and the building design drawings (forthe urban district heating or regional gas pressure-regulating station,professional thermal power design drawings shall be provided,details are shown in Article 2.3.3);3 设计委托或设计合同中规定的透视图、鸟瞰图、模型等。
3 The scenograph, bird's-eye view and model specified in the design commission or design contract2.1.2 方案设计文件的编排顺序2.1.2 Editing sequence of the project design document1 封面:写明项目名称、编制单位、编制年月;1 Cover: project name, preparation units and preparation date2 扉页:写明编制单位法定代表人、技术总负责人、项目总负责人的姓名，并经上述人员签署或授权盖章;2 Title page: the name of the legal representative, generaltechnical superintendent and the general project superintendent of the preparation unit, and signed by the above person or authorized with stamp;3 设计文件目录;3 design document directory;4 设计说明书;4 design specifications;5 设计图纸。
最新城市规划与建筑学专业英语.pptppt课件
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• C 从尺度的角度理解城市形态：
• Apart from that, Alexander (1977, pp.xxi) suggested that the urban form can also be understood at different scales: from “the very largest for regions and towns” to “neighborhood, clusters of [a1] buildings, buildings, rooms and alcoves[a2] , ending finally with details of construction”.
• 中文示意： • 除以上观点外，alexander认为城市形态能够以不
同的尺度来理解，从“最宏观的区域和城镇”尺 度到“邻里、建筑群、建筑、房屋和小室的尺度， 最终以建设细节的尺度结束。”
• [a1]一群 • [a2]小室
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• D 对以上三种角度的分析比较：
• The above perspectives have their own advantages and disadvantages for perceiving the elements of urban form. / The functional perspective is more related to the functions of a city, which can be easily understood from the view of urban planning. It also is easy for practice because it embodies[a1] the concrete[a2] elements that are easy to quantify[a3] and measure in a comparatively[a4] objective[a5] way. However, the functional perspective overlooks[a6] the visual and aesthetic aspect of urban form.
巴塞罗那地理之城市空间布局与功能分区_中英对照版
巴塞罗那地理之城市空间布局与功能分区Barcelona's Geographical Features: Urban Spatial Layoutand Functional ZoningBarcelona, a vibrant city located on the Mediterranean coast of Spain, is renowned for its unique urban spatial layout and functional zoning. The city’s landscape is marked by a blend of ancient architecture, modern skyscrapers, verdant parks, and bustling streets—a testament to its rich cultural heritage and dynamic growth over time.巴塞罗那，这座位于西班牙地中海沿岸的活力之城，以其独特的城市空间布局和功能分区而闻名。
城市的景观融合了古老的建筑、现代的摩天大楼、郁郁葱葱的公园和繁华的大街小巷——这见证了它丰富的文化遗产和历史变迁中的蓬勃发展。
The urban spatial layout of Barcelona reflects a harmonious coexistence between natural elements and human intervention. The city is divided into distinct districts or barrios, each with its own character and identity. Central Barcelona, known as Ciudad Vieja (Old Town), is a maze of narrow alleyways and Gothic churches that transport visitors back in time. This area preserves much of the city’s medieval charm, with cobblestone streets and charming buildings lining every corner.巴塞罗那的城市空间布局体现了自然元素与人类活动之间的和谐共存。
景观设计常用英语词汇
景观设计阶段常用英语词汇设计常用：规划planning服务范围scope of services工作范围scope of work开发的可行性规划development feasibility planning景观规划landscape planning总体规划master planning草图sketch / rough map平面plan剖面section立面elevation透视perspective示意图diagram容积率coverage城市设计urban design / civic design区域规划regional planning步行轴ped axis总体规划general planning / master planning分区规划district planning近期建设规划immediate plan城市详细规划detailed planning控制性详细规control detailed planning修建性详细规划site plan居住区规划residential district planning城市化urbanization城市生态urban ecology可持续发展sustainable development项目竣工project closeout项目会议project meetings项目检查project observation项目登记project records项目规模project scale主入口大门main entrance gate主要入口main entrance岗亭(车行&人行) guard house (for vehicle& pedestrian )次入口大门2nd entrance gate次要入口secondary entrance人流量visitors flowrate车流量vehicle flowrate商业中心入口entrance to shopping ctr.水景water feature小型露天剧场mini amphi-theatre迎宾景观welcoming feature观景木台timber deck (viewing)竹园bamboo garden漫步广场walkway plaza露天咖啡廊out door cafe巨大迎宾水景grand welcoming feature瀑布叠水cascading waterfalls木桥timber bridge历史文化名城保护规划Plan of Preservation of Historic Cities 旧城改建urban redevelopment开发区development area城市化水平urbanization level城市群agglomeration城镇体系urban system卫星城satellite town城市基础设施urban infrastructure居民点settlement市municipality / city生态基础设施ecological infrastructure牧场pasture市域administrative region of a city商业区commercial district行政中心administration center商业街commercial street科技园technological region校园规划campus planning城市中心区urban center district居住单元flat历史地段history district民政区域civil district水警区waters guard district居住区规划residential district planning护林区ranger district工业区industrial district林木种子公园tree seed orchard快速公路thruway城市美学urban esthetics游憩空间esplanade系统工程systems engineering城市更新理论urban renewal theory吊桥hanging bridge休憩台地（低处）lounging terrace (lower)休憩台地（高处）lounging terrace (upper)特色踏步feature stepping stone野趣小溪river wild儿童乐园children's playground旱冰道slide羽毛球场badminton court旱景dry landscape旱喷泉dry fountain观景台viewing deck游泳池swimming pool嬉水池wading pool儿童泳池children's pool蜿蜒水墙winding wall石景雕塑rock sculpture中心广场central plaza健身广场exercise plaza桥bridge交流广场meditating plaza趣味树阵tree battle formation停车场paring area特色花架trellis雕塑小道sculpture trail(高尔夫)轻击区putting green高尔夫球会所golf clubhouse每栋建筑入口entrance paving to unit篮球场basketball court网球场tennis court阶梯坐台terracing seatwall种植槽planter广场main plaza森林forest瀑布waterfall石景园rockery garden旱溪dry stream凉亭pavilion户外淋浴outdoor shower拉膜结构tensile structure台阶stair高尔夫球车停车场parking ( golf car )健身站exercise station晨跑小路jogging footpath车道driveway人行道sidewalk人行漫步道promenade瀑布及跳舞喷泉（入口广场）water fall and dancing fountain (entry plaza) 特色入口entry feature石景广场rockery plaza植物的抗寒性plant hardiness植物的死亡率plant mortality种植planting建筑空间architecture剧院show place; theater茶楼（馆）caff；tea shop专卖店monopolistic shop博物馆museum电影院cinema / movie house商场emporium / shopping mall体育馆palaestra青少年宫callan house / children’s palace 图书馆library棋牌室relaxation room健身房gymnasium书店book store客厅parlor阳台balcony浴室bathroom橱柜cabinet合院式建筑courtyard building餐厅dining-room / dining hall入口entrance厨房kitchen屋顶roof小孩房kid room儿童游乐室/玩具室dollhouse起居室living room门廊porch更衣室change room休息室pavilion私家花园private garden居民resident共享地带shared zone工人房servants hall比例scale元素element会议中心conference center园林景观view of the garden乔木arbor / trees灌木shrub草本植物herbaceous plants藤本植物liana灌木shrubs铺石band stone地下车库car park bellow曲线形铺地curved paving bands标志牌(sign) courtyard identification sign 庭院courtyard步道footpath园桥garden bridge园林garden and park种草和铺草皮seeding and sodding种植现状planting conditions种植设计planting design种植要求planting requirements砌石natural cut stone铺地pave亭，阁pavilion榭pavilion on terrace植被planting花坛planting beds大广场plaza台platform栈道deck promenade灯柱pole lights小水池pool雕塑sculpture小广场small square小水景small water feature林荫树shade trees楼storied building小溪流stream行道树street trees踏石stepping stone踏步terrace steps木制平台timber deck草坪grass草皮turf园廊veranda空地void水景waterscape园墙wall in garden滨水地区waterfront 茶亭tea house木亭log cabin遮阳亭shade structure 水岸edge湾bay渡口ferry挡土墙retaining wall 人行道pavement卵石pebble半岛peninsula公园规划park planning园林总体规划garden master planning总平面规划site planning园林保留地reserve garden园林规划图garden planning map园林规划说明书garden planning direction城市公园系统urban park system公园分布distribution of parks公园类型park type, park category公园间距distance between parks公园形式park styles园林分区garden zoning安静休息区tranquil rest area儿童活动区children playing space儿童游戏场children playground体育运动区sports activities area野餐区picnic place散步区pedestrian space群众集会区mass meeting square观赏植物区ornamental plants area观赏温室区display greenhouse area / display conservatory area 草坪区lawn space绿荫区shade tree section历史古迹区historical relics area青少年活动区youngsters activities area诱鸟区bird sanctuary area钓鱼区fishing center野营区camp site游人中心visitors center服务中心service center探险游乐场adventure ground文化活动区cultural activities area游览区excursion area / open-to-public area非游览区no-admittance area办公区administrative area办公园区office parks服务区service center动休息区dynamic rest space静休息区static rest space娱乐演出区entertaining performance place公园道路park road公园水陆面积比率land-water ratio游人容纳量visitors capacity绿化greening, planting绿地/绿化带greenbelt环境绿化environmental greening城市绿化urban virescence城市绿化系统urban green space system绿化覆盖率percentage of greenery coverage城市绿化覆盖率urban green coverage工厂绿化factory greening / landscaping within factory 广场绿化landscaping of square居住区绿化landscaping of residential area公共建筑绿化landscaping around public building室内绿化indoor garden街道绿化street greening / street planting车行道绿化driveway greening分车带绿化dividing stripe greening人行道绿化sidewalk greening群众绿化mass planting movement郊区绿化suburban greening公路绿化highway greening铁路绿化railway greening / railway planting阳台绿化balcony greening窗台绿化window-sill greening屋顶绿化roof greening垂直绿化vertical greening攀缘绿化climber greening桥头绿化bridgehead greening绿地green space绿地系统green space system城市绿地系统规划urban green space system planning 城市绿地urban green space绿地规划程序planning procedure of the green space 绿地布局green space layout绿地率ratio of green space绿地面积green area绿地资源green space resource绿地效果green space effect公共绿地public green space公共绿地定额public green space quota公共绿地指标public green space norm单位绿地unit green area街道广场绿地street and square green area居住区绿地residential quarter green area防护绿地green buffer / green area for environmental protection 郊区绿地suburban green space街坊绿地residential block green belt附属绿地attached green space专用绿地specified green space生产绿地productive plantation area绿地类型type of green space环状绿型annular green space块状绿地green plot点状绿地green spot放射状绿地radiate green space楔状绿地wedge-shaped green space缓冲绿地buffer green space防音绿地noise proof green space吸引圈attractive circle吸引距离attractive distance有效半径effective radius空间规划space planning形象规划image plan实施规划implementary plan必要生活空间necessary living space余暇生活空间leisure time living space利用频度usage frequency树种规划planning of trees and shrubs苗圃nursery谷底植栽场improved vegetation & wild life堤岸种植bank planting生态环境系统人类生态环境human ecological environment自然系统natural system自然资源natural resource自然保护conservation of nature自然保存natural preservation环境保护environmental protection环境容量environment capacity环境适宜性environment fitness环境空气质量标准ambient air quality共生symbiosis互惠共生mutualism公害public nuisance生态绝灭ecological extinction生态系统ecosystem生态圈ecosphere生态灾难ecological disaster环境质量environmental quality环境压力environment stress生命维持系统life-support system反馈系统feedback system自养生物autotroph异养生物heterotroph食物链foodchain生物圈biosphere濒危植物endangered plant / threatened plant 主体群落major community人工群落artificial community绿色革命green revolution户外娱乐资源outdoor recreation resource原始环境系统wilderness environment system 近代环境系统modern environment system乡村生活模式country life-pattern烟害smoke pollution / fume pollution雾害fog pollution霜害frost injury水污染water pollution土壤污染soil pollution / soil contamination园林小气候garden microclimate环境保护植物environmental conservation plant 引气候调节climatic regulation自动调节机能homeostasis生态平衡ecological homeostasis森林生态系统forest ecosystem草原生态系统prairie ecosystem滞尘植物dust holding plant野生生物迁徙wildlife migration现状植被existing vegetation树木保护tree protection地形测量topographic survey入侵物种invasive species环境修复environmental modification环境影响分析environmental impact analysis外来植物物种exotic plant species生态影响ecological impact经济影响economic impact边缘栖息地edge habitat边缘限制edge restraint人工湿地constructed wetlands气候带climate zones自然资源natural resources园林地形改造topographical reform of garden土山earth piled hill / artificial mound假山rockery, artificial rockwork太湖石Taihu Lake stone / water modelled stone 黄石yellowish brown stone人造假山石artificial stone / man-made stone孤赏石monolith / standing stone掇山piled stone hill / hill making叠石stones laying板石flag stone散点石scattered stone抱角石corner stone屋基石foundation stone排衙石guard stone屏石screen stone石岸rock bank石阶stone steps汀步stepping stone on water surface附壁石stone appended to wall石花台stone flower bed石凳stone bench假山石挡土墙rock retaining wall干砌石dry stone wall假山石楼梯rock stairway石亭stone pavilion石洞stone cavern石窟grotto置石stone arrangement / stone layout拱石arch stone拱顶石key stone砖和混凝土砌块墙brick and concrete block walls 石头墙stone walls木头和金属栅栏wood and metal fences园林水景water scenes of garden水体water body水面water surface水池pool水塘pond喷泉fountain喷水池fountain pool涉水池wading pool倒影池mirror pool / reflecting pool睡莲池water-lily pool喷水管布置piping schema钓鱼塘fishing pond高水位池塘high water table pond池边坐人矮墙seat wall surrounded pool隐头喷泉secret fountain岛园island garden半岛园peninsula garden小岛isle瀑布waterfall小瀑布cascade湖lake矶rock projecting over water水帘洞water curtain cave壁泉wall fountain饮水喷头drinking fountain园桥garden bridge拱桥arch bridge石板桥stone slab bridge木板桥plank bridge圆木桥log bridge亭桥pavilion bridge曲桥zigzag bridge植物配植plant arrangement树木配植arrangement of trees and shrubs 群植group planting / mass planting孤植specimen planting / isolated planting 丛植clump planting组植group planting林植forest planting列植linear planting对植opposite planting / coupled planting 环植circular planting带植belt planting散植scattered planting / loose planting边缘种植edge planting边界种植boundary planting整形种植architectural planting基础种植foundation planting角隅种植corner planting景框种植planting as enframent门卫种植guard planting篱恒种植fence planting障景种植screen planting背景种植background planting林下种植underwood planting路边种植roadside planting绿植绿篱hedge树墙espalier庭荫树shade tree园景树specimen tree风景林amenity forest / ornamental forest 行道树avenue tree, street tree纪念林memorial forest整型树topiary tree花篱flower hedge刺篱thorny plants hedge常绿绿篱evergreen hedge落叶绿篱deciduous hedge高篱high hedge沟中边篱hah-hah fence图案矮篱pattern dwarf hedge迷宫绿篱labyrinth hedge整剪绿篱clipped hedge自然式花篱natural flowering hedge边篱boundary fence园篱garden fence / garden hedge纯林pure forest混交林mixed forest林间隙地open space in woodland杂木林spinney树冠覆盖面tree canopy草坪lawn整形草坪formal lawn开花草坪flowering lawn牧场草坪meadowy land花坛flower bed路边花坛roadside flower bed带状花坛ribbon flower bed时钟花坛flower clock盆栽花坛potted flower bed / basined flower bed高设花台raised flower bed毛毡花坛carpet bed镶嵌花坛mosaic bed铺石花坛paved bed灌木花坛shrub bed图案花坛群parterre草药花坛herbaceous flower bed花结花坛knot bed整形花坛formal flower bed活动花坛movable flower bed花境flower border花桶flower tub植树箱planting box瓶饰garden vase灌木花境shrub border混合花境mixed border园林道路设计garden road design, garden path design漫步路trail / footway小径alley, path川草坪岛lawn island安全岛traffic island / refuge island转弯曲度turning curvature转弯半径turning radius踏面landing pitch步石stepping stone涉水踏步wading step错铺路crazy paving path随意组合方石板路flag stone path paved at random花纹路pattern path林荫路mall林荫大道boulevard花园路parkway林间小道path in woodland种植池planting bed树池保护格栅tree grate树干保护套栏tree guard树池坐凳矮墙seatwall-surrounded planting路面线纹score line铺装，路面pavement柔性铺装，柔性路面flexible pavement刚性铺装，刚性路面rigid pavement道路pavements铺路材料，铺路机，铺石人paver铺装，铺路paving城市街道urban street道路roads道路设计要素roadway design elements道路尺寸roadway dimensions步行标准pedestrian standards平均步行距离average walking distance现状测量的线路测量route survey a survey of existing 道路定线测量alignment of route survey基础，路基subbase传统园林建筑traditional garden building凉亭summer shelter活树亭arbor / tent arbor蘑菇亭mushroom pavilion茅亭thatched pavilion竹亭bamboo pavilion茶亭tea booth / tea kiosk回廊cloister水廊corridor on water曲廊zigzag veranda扒山廊sloping gallery楼廊two-storied gallery画舫painted pleasure boat石舫stone boat不击舟immovable pleasure boat诗条石poem-engraved stone slab月洞门moon gate园林露天剧场open garden theater园林露天舞池open garden dancing place露天音乐台outdoor music stand眺望台prospect deck繁殖温室plant propagation greenhouse展览温室public conservatory月池new-moon pool园林小品small garden ornaments磁砖壁画painted tile mural tablet园椅garden chair / garden seat园凳garden bench园桌garden table园灯garden lamp日规sundial鸟浴bird bath鸟舍bird cottage / nestle box鸟笼bird cage, bird coop悬篮hanging basket野鸟喂食器bird feeder额匾horizontal inscribed board楹联couplet written on scroll / couplet on pillar引露天烤炉open barbecue树棚living-tree pergola花架pergola花格架trellis, treillage点景牌楼naming pailou / decorated archway扶手栏杆handrail坐凳栏杆seat rail石碑stone tablet / stele园林施工garden layout / garden construction种植工程planting engineering大树移植big tree transplanting裸根移植bare root transplanting土球移植ball transplanting沟植trench planting假植heeling in / temporary planting播种草坪seeding lawn铺草皮块草坪sodding lawn假山工程rockery engineering掇山五法five methods" of rock piling等分平衡法method of making the rock equa-tional and balanced前轻后重法method of making the front part of rock lighter than the back part 上轻下重法method of lowering the center of gravity of rocks纹理统一法method of unifying the rock veins石料统一法method of unifying the rock mate-rials观赏植物观赏树木ornamental tree and shrub观叶植物foliage plant观果植物fruit-effect plant观枝干植物plants with ornamental trunks and branches 指示植物indicating plant主景植物accent plant耐湿植物damp tolerant plant抗风植物wind-resistant plant耐盐碱植物saline-alkali tolerant plan耐盐植物salt tolerant plants市花city flower市树city tree国花national flower国树national tree芳香植物fragrant plant抗污染植物pollution resistant plant环保植物environment protecting plant高山植物alpine plant岩生植物rock plant攀缘植物climbing plant / climber地被植物ground cover plant阴生植物shade plant装饰植物decorative plant装缘植物edging plant绿蓠植物hedge plant草坪植物lawn plant / lawn grass花坛植物bedding plant球根植物bulbous plant宿根植物perennial plant / perennial水生植物aquatic plant / hydrophyte旱生植物xerophyte沼泽植物bog plant, swamp plant室内装饰植物indoor decorative plant / house plant切花cut flower垂枝植物pendulous plant / weeping plant缠绕植物twiner / twinning plant针叶植物needle-leaved plant阔叶植物broad-leaved plant斑叶植物variegate-leaved plant松柏植物conifer常绿植物evergreen plant半常绿植物semi-evergreen plant不耐寒植物tender plant半耐寒植物half-hardy plant耐寒植物hardy plant耐旱植物drought enduring plant盆栽植物container plants有害植物hazardous plants有毒植物noxious plants地被植物ground covers有毒植物noxious plants丛生植物package plants观赏动物ornamental animal观赏鸟类ornamental bird观赏兽类ornamental beast观赏昆虫类ornamental insect山石材料stone material昆山石Kunshan stone钟乳石stalactite灵壁石Lingbi stone英德石Yingde stone青石Qing stone宣石Xuan stone房山石Fangshan stone花园garden专类花园specified flower garden花园村garden village园林城市landscape garden city蔷薇园rose garden松柏园conifer garden球根园bulb garden宿根园perennial garden假山园rock garden / Chinese rockery狩猎场hunting ground街心花园street crossing center garden小游园petty street garden水景园water garden铺地园paved garden野趣园wild plants botanical garden野生植物园wild plants garden乡趣园rustic garden盆景园penjing garden, miniature landscape 动物园zoo / zoological garden墓园cemetery garden沼泽园bog and marsh garden水生植物园aquatic plants garden学校园school garden室内花园indoor garden芳香花园fragrant garden盲人花园garden for the blind日艺园japanese garden公共花园public garden屋顶花园roof garden私家花园private garden庭院花园courtyard garden前庭front yard, forecourt后庭back yard, rear yard中庭patio厨园kitchen yard沉[床]园sunken garden窗园window garden墙园wall garden宅园home garden台地园terrace garden冬园winter garden切花园cut flower garden屋顶花园roof garden后花园back yard garden公园park, public park城市公园city park, urban park区公园regional park儿童公园children park体育公园sports park森林公园forest park纪念公园memorial park烈士纪念公园martyr memorial park综合公园comprehensive park文化公园cultural park文化休憩公园cultural and recreation park 中央公园central park天然公园natural park海滨公园seaside park / seabeach park古迹公园historic site park河滨公园riverside park湖滨公园lakeside park路边公园roadside park / street park娱乐公园amusement park雕塑公园sculpture park休憩公园recreation park疗养公园sanatorium park国家公园national park邻里公园neighborhood park特种公园special park植物园botanical garden植物公园abeled plants park高山植物园alpine garden热带植物园tropical plants garden药用植物园medical plants garden / herb garden 风景landscape, scenery自然景观natural landscape人文景观human landscape / scenery of humanities 草原景观prairie landscape山岳景观mountain landscape / alpine landscape 地理景观geographical landscape湖泊景观lake view郊区景观suburban landscape地质景观geological landscape喀斯特景观karst landscape植物景观plants landscape / flora landscape中国园林史中国古典园林classical Chinese garden中国传统园林traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方园林史西方古典园林western classical garden英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spanish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre’s style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor / villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden / patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze, labyrinth典型中西园林灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden阿房宫E-Pang Palace上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan未央宫Wei-Yang Palace洛阳宫Luoyang Palace华清官Hua-Qing Palace艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-He Yuan Imperial Garden / Summer Palace 承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden / Kew garden 凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden风景资源调查landscape resource evaluation风景学scenicology风景规划landscape plan风景设计landscape design游览路线touring route旅游资源tourism resource旅游地理tourism geography旅游地质tourism geology历史名城famous historical city文化名城famous cultural city文化遗址ancient cultural relic天然博物馆natural open museum风景地貌natural geomorphology造型地貌imaginative geomorphologic figuration风景区scenic spot / scenic area风景名胜famous scenery / famous scenic site特异景观风景区specific natural scenes area民族风俗风景区scenic spot of minority customs高山风景区alpine scenic spot海滨风景区seabeach scenic spot森林风景区forest scenic spot高山草甸风景区alpine tundra landscape spot峡谷风景区valley scenic spot江河风景区river landscape district湖泊风景区lake round scenic spot温泉风景区hot spring scenic spot瀑布风景区waterfall scenic spot禁伐禁猎区region forbidden to tree cutting and hunting封山育林区region closed for afforestation天池风景区crater lake scenic spot自然保护区nature protection area科学保护区protection area for scientific research天然纪念物natural monument生物圈保护区biosphere protection area园林形式garden style规整式园林formal garden style非规整园林informal garden style几何式园林geometric garden style自然式园林natural garden style混合式园mixed garden style近代巴洛克式园林modern Baroque style马克斯抽象园林R.B. Marx abstract garden园林艺术景view, scenery / feature远景distant view近景nearby view障景obstructive scenery, blocking view借景borrowed scenery / view borrowing对景opposite scenery / view in opposite place缩景miniature scenery / abbreviated scenery漏景leaking through scenery框景enframed scenery尾景terminal feature主景main feature副景secondary feature配景objective view夹景vista line, vista前景front view背景background景序order of sceneries景点feature spot / view spot仰视景观upward landscape俯视景观downward landscape季相景观seasonal phenomena气象景观meteorological diversity scenery视野visual field秋色fall color / autumn color园林空间garden space开敞空间wide open space / wide space封闭空间enclosure space意境artistic conception, poetic imagery苍古antiquity空灵spaciousness / airiness动观in-motion viewing静观in-position viewing视错觉visual illusion园林艺术布局artistic layout of garden对称平衡symmetrical balance不对称平衡asymmetrical balance左右对称bilateral symmetry辐射对称radial symmetry透景线perspective line轴线axis / axial line主轴main axis副轴auxiliary axis暗轴hidden axis / invisible axis树冠线skyline园林色彩艺术art of garden colors单色谐调monochromatic harmony复色谐调compound chromatic harmony对比色突出contrast colors accent近似色谐调approximate colors harmony暖色warm color冷色cool color色感color sense道路系统approach system, road system环形道路系统circular road system方格形道路系统latticed road system放射形道路系统radiate road system自然式道路系统informal road system规整式道路系统formal road system混合式道路系统mixed style road system机动车交通系统vehicular circulation systems园区管理游人调查visitors investigation游人统计visitors statistics游人分析garden visitors analysis游人管理visitors management导游图tourist map导游解说tour descri ption and direction劳动管理labour management物资管理material handling, goods handling设备管理equipment management / facility management 财务管理financial management安全管理safety management环境监测environmental monitor植物养护管理plant maintenance and management园林技术管理garden technical management质量管理quality management园貌维修garden feature maintenance植物整形修剪plant trimming and pruning植物病虫防治disease and insect control园林管理规划management plan游人意见处理treatment of visitors opinions游人规则visitors regulation园内交通管理traffic control in park园外交通管理traffic control out of park entrance汽车停车规则parking rules自行车停放规则bicycle parking rules开放时间opening time日常清洁卫生管理daily sanitation and hygiene management 园林设备garden equipment园林机械garden machine园林工具garden instrument / garden implement花坛分界隔板plastic bed divider种植容器planting container圆木桩log peg喷射装置jet bubbler滴灌trickle irrigator / drip irrigator环动喷灌器circle sprinkler圆筒喷灌器rotor sprinkler自控器automatic controller管端喷灌器hose end sprinkler固定喷灌器stationary sprinkler喷雾喷灌器mist sprinkler / spray head sprinkler喷灌覆盖面sprinkler coverage草坪加肥器lawn feeder施肥喷灌器combined feeder and sprinkler液肥混合调配器liquid fertilizer mixer-proportioner滴水喷头emitter / dripper水土保持塑料网erosion control plastic net苗木包装材料nursery stock package material麻布袋burlap bag铁丝篮wire basket篮状种植器basket container塑料苗木桶plastic nurserican播种盘seed tray网孔盆mesh pot含肥泥炭盆fertile peat pot盆栽机potting machine换盆机repotting machine再生纸种植器reclaimed paper container纤维育苗器wood fiber plant grower泥炭压制播种饼peat seeding pellet / peat seeding starter松土除草机cultivator旋转锄rotary hoe切叶机foliage cutter翻地犁uncovering plough盖土机mounted spreader前悬装土机front mounted loader后缀装土机rear mounted loader旋轴剪草机spindle mower栽植机planting machine植物覆盖plant mulching覆盖物分散机mulch spreader种子液肥喷洒机hydro seeder修枝剪pruning shear播种器garden seeder球根种植器bulb planter土壤酸度探测器pH-value computer巴效分析器fertilizer analyzer嫁接刀grafting knife温室设备greenhouse equipment盆栽灌水系统pot watering system温室气候控制器greenhouse climate controller 温室覆盖greenhouse covering喷雾自控系统automatic mist control system 二氧化碳发生器C02 generator温度报警钟temperature alarm游览车park sightseeing bus引剪草机lawn mower动力剪草机power lawnmower畜力剪草机horse lawnmower手推剪草机hand lawnmower专用词：美国规划师协会(APA) American Planning Association环境影响报告书（EIS）environmental impact statement国家环境政策法案（NEPA）National Environmental Policy Act国家污染物排放削减（NPDES）the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 地理信息系统（GIS）Geographic Information System景观系数（KL）Landscape Coefficient(KL)土地保护局水土保持局的径流曲线数值法SCS Runoff Curve Number Method州环境政策法案（SEPAs）state environmental policy acts水相关污水处理wastewater treatment用水需求water demand水景，水体特征water feature喷灌泵display pumps蒸发evaporation水景效果water effects水质Water Quality水质容积water quality volume水源保护water resource protection水源water resource给水water supply流域watershed泄水孔weep hole湿滞留池wet detention ponds水压pressure灰水graywater循环使用的水recycled water地表水surface water地表水供应surface water supplies雨水蓄积，暴雨蓄积stormwater storage雨水排水管storm sewers雨水管理，暴雨管理stormwater management雨水高峰排放量stormwater peak discharge雨水径流系数stormwater runoff coefficients雨水径流估算stormwater runoff estimating雨水蓄积stormwater storage喷头选择和布置head selection and layout沉淀率，喷水速率precipitation rate咸水（海水）侵入saltwater intrusion砂滤池，砂滤层sand filters市政排水系统sewer systems municipal地表水膜，水膜浅流，层流，片流sheet flow循环水recycled water（地下水）补给沟渠recharge trenches地下水保护groundwater protection地下水补给groundwater recharge地下水资源，地下水储量groundwater resources饮用水potable water降雨，降水量precipitation自然排水道natural drainageways暴雨stormwater湿度，含水量，水汽含量moisture content市政排水系统municipal sewer systems灌溉irrigation灌溉池塘irrigation ponds灌溉系统irrigation systems灌溉水源sources of irrigation water耗水量低的滴灌系统low-volume drip system渗透床infiltration beds渗透池infiltration ponds渗透井infiltration wells雨水渗透stormwater infiltration不渗透地面比例impervious surface ratio法式排水French drains基座处排水，立足点排水footing drains结冻-融化周期frost-thaw cycle结冻深度，冰冻深度frost depth滤器，滤池，过滤，滤水filter strips过滤filtration过滤系统filtration systems雨水径流[量] stormwater runoff估算水流量estimating water flows土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量速率evapotranspiration rate 不连续的非渗透地面disconnected imperviousness排水drainage排水系统drainage system饮用水drinking water干滞池dry detention ponds涵洞，暗沟，管道culverts雨水的输送技术stormwater conveyance techniques连续的非渗透地面connected imperviousness雨水沟渠，槽，渠道channels / stormwater环流模式circulation patterns城市河流urban streams地下排水subdrain水泵pumps。
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5.2 居住用地布局
5.2.0 居住用地
居住用地规划任务 《城市规划编制办法》第四章第三十一条第十二款 研究住房需求，确定住房政策、建设标准和居住用地布局 重点确定经济适用房、普通商品住房等满足中低收入人群 住房需求的居住用地布局及标准
5.2.1 居住用地构成
1、居住用地的代码及分类 R——R1、R2、R3、R4 城市总体规划阶段， R1、R2——正确选择 R3——整治 R4——改造 如：北京菊儿胡同 R4 R4 R2 R2 苏州桐芳巷试点小区
分布分散，形成混合用地
（2）位于城市边缘的工业用地
形成相对集中的工业区，避免相互干扰，利于空间拓展
（3）独立存在的工业用地
与城市有一定距离，形成独立的工业区或工业组团，伴有配套设施
3、工业的空间分布模式 （1）中心型分布：工厂企业分布在CBD或靠近CBD地区 （2）离散型分布：工业分布在城市中心区以外、城区以内 的地区 （3）随机分布：企业在进行用地选择时的随机（意）性和 游离性比较大 （4）边缘分布：规模较大的企业出现的机会比较多，有时 为“飞地”的形式
D = D1new + D2imp + D3dis
考虑投资品甚至奢侈品属性存在时的情况
北京 CPI 户籍人口（万人） 城镇居民人均可支 配收入（元） 城市居民人均居住 面积（平方米） 商品房竣工面积 （万平米） 商品住宅竣工面积 （万平米） 商品房平均价格 （元/平方米） 商品住宅平均价格 （元/平方米）
5 城市用地规划布局
重点内容： 工业用地、仓储用地 居住用地、公共设施用地 城市综合交通规划 城市绿地系统与景观规划 城市规划区空间利用规划
5.1 工业用地布局
5.1.1 总论
1、定义 工业用地——工矿企业的生产车间、库房及其附属设施等 的用地，包括专用的铁路、码头和道路等用地（不包括露 天矿用地，该类用地归入E） 2、工业用地是城市用地的主要组成部分 城市中工业用地的比例关系 15～25%，10～25m2/人 其中： 城市规模越大，工业用地所占比例一般越低 没有大中型工业项目的中小工矿城市 工业用地的比重最大不宜超过30%
2、居住用地与其他几类用地之间的关系 （1）居住用地和工业用地 “就近工作”原则，居住用地应和工业用地（城市主要的就 业岗位集聚地）之间有良好的联系 如：“有机疏散理论”中提出的 “经常性活动区域” 又如：以女性劳动力就业为主的 工业、基本无污染的工业的布置
2、居住用地和城市中心区 中心区是城市主要的就业岗位区之一（第三产业） 中心区的生活服务齐全（吸引力） 居住用地靠近城市中心区布局 优点：——交通便利 ——接近就业岗位 ——生活服务设施齐全 ——文化、娱乐需求易于得到满足 缺点：——房价昂贵 ——中心区的环境较差（噪声、空气污染等） ——安全感较差（国外CBD夜间出现的“人口黑洞”）
2、居住用地的构成（＊：1~4） R*1——住宅用地 R*3——公共绿地 R*2——公建用地 R*4——道路广场用地
5.2.2 我国现行的住房保障制度
几个概念： 经济适用房：我国进行房改过程中，为适应新的社会经济 形势，由政府推出的新型房产种类，是适合于中低收入家 庭承受能力、具有社会保障性质的商品房。目前其基本类 型主要包括平价房、安居房、解困房等。经济适用住房是 政府扶持的具有经济性和适用性的社会保障住房 廉租房：指政府以租金补贴或实物配租的方式,向符合城镇 居民最低生活保障标准且住房困难的家庭提供社会保障性 质的住房 限价房
3、工业区选址 一般的工业区或开发区，择址的两大因素 交通条件 基础设施
小蚌埠片区 城市商贸中心区
西部片区工业区 服务中心区
西：城市工业区 北：商贸物流区 东：服务中心区 南部片区——基于综合交通优势的物流加工区
物流加工区
4、工业区的布局方式 工业区的用地组成 生产性用地：工业用地、仓储用地、其它生产性用地 生活性用地：居住用地、公建用地、其它生活性用地 交通性用地：高速公路、城市干道、铁路及其附属设施
1、城市居住用地选择的影响因素 范炜 《城市居住用地区位研究》归纳为： 功能性因素 成本因素 非经济因素
居住用地选择应考虑的因素
1）用地面积及占用农田情况（hm2） 2）可容纳的居住建筑面积和人数（万M2/万人） 规模与水平 用 地 选 择 3）拟建住宅的平均层数（层） 4）距主要工作地点的平均距离（公里） 5）距市中心的平均乘车时间（小时） 6）距主要就业地点的平均乘车时间（小时） 7）原有公用设施的状况 8）环境评价指数 9）用地准备费用 建 设 方 面 10）市政工程建设费用 11）房屋撤迁费用 12）用地征购费用 13）用地建设总投资 前期准备 现状条件 环境影响 位置选择
结论 工业在城市中的分布不是一个随机、偶然的过程，不同 类型的产业有着不同的区位要求而出现在城市中的不同地 区，呈现明显的圈层分布状态 A CBD B C D
A B C D
中心区： 城区： 郊区：
印刷、食品、服装等 包装、批发、轻工、纺织等 汽车制造、重型机械、石油、金属冶炼等
外围地区：机械工业、电子工业等
2、工业用地选择的原则 （1）可达性条件（Accessibility） 产品和原材料的可达性 市场可达性 劳动力的可达性
（2）邻里性质（Neighborhood） 1）邻里相容的产业——M1、M2 相对周边环境的影响较小，可以与其他工业门类或城市中 的其它用地相邻而居，甚至可布置在城市的居住区内 如：服装业、电子业、组装业等等 2）邻里不相容的产业——M3 对周边环境的影响较大，一般不适宜与其它用地相邻 可将相同污染性质的工业集中布置在一起
5.1.1 总论
3、工业用地的布局会影响和制约其它用地的布局 如：工业用地 仓储用地 居住用地 绿地系统 公共服务设施 城市或区中心位置 4、工业用地对城市环境的影响 •“三废”排放、噪声污染 • 对城市交通的影响 • 居住用地对工业污染的敏感程度最高
5.1.2 工业用地的选择
工业用地选址的主要因素： • 工业用地的自身要求：用地条件、交通运输条件、能源 和水源条件、劳动力条件 • 周边环境的要求：与周边用地的兼容性条件、发展空间 1、工业用地的一般要求 形状和大小 地形和地势 工程地质和水文地质、防洪 交通区位（交通运输条件） 其它要求（运输量、用水量、用电量、用气量）
4、工业用地在城市中的布局 （1）相对分散的布局模式 与其它用地共同构成混合用途区域 （2）相对集中的布局模式 工业用地位于城市特定地区，如工业区 工业用地与其他用地形成组团，如 M + R 工业园或独立工业卫星镇，如上海宝山、金山、松江 工业地带，如德国鲁尔地区（非城市地区）
5.1.4 城市工业区
3、居住用地的交通需求 大量人流出行的要求，且存在着明显的时间分布的不均 衡性，对公交的运量有较高的要求 如： 房地产开发中的公交条件 上海市郊区新村，专线车、开发公司自备车辆接送至主要 公交的起始站、地铁站等 居住的郊区化趋势 国外居住的郊迁（或人口的郊区化现象）是以家用汽 车的普及为前提
4、居住用地的自然环境要求 居住用地宜接近水、山，用地的自然条件可复杂多变，给 居住环境带来良好的变化 居住用地对绿化环境的需求，改善居住环境
2、居住用地规模预测 通过居住面积需求量，推算居住用地 按照我国相关规范，推算居住用地 人均居住用地：18-28m2/人（不小于16m2/人） 在城市用地中的比重：20-30%（应是以多层为主）
3、居住用地规模影响因素 城市地理位置、城市性质、地形条件、经济发展水 平、建筑形式、生活习惯等
5.2.4 城市居住用地选择
5.2.5 城市居住用地布局
1、布局要点 居住用地的分布既不能过于零散，也不宜在城市中的某一 地区过于集中连续布局 居住用地的分布形态与城市总体布局的形态往往是相同的 居住用地更趋于与其他功能用地结合，形成相对分散的组 团式布局 居住用地的密度通常与距离城市中心的距离成反比
2、分布模式 集中型布局 组群型布局 组团型布局 沿交通轴向布局
工业用地作为城市用地组成要素中的主要内容，对 整个城市的布局有着重要影响，其用地的选择要兼顾企 业和城市两方面的要求，并受目前工业用地分散布局的 严重影响
滨海新区将规划建设7大功能区 先进制造业产业区：103KM2 滨海高新技术产业区：25KM2 滨海化工区80KM2 中心商务商业区50KM2 海港物流区：100KM2 临空产业区：102KM2 海滨休闲旅游区：75KM2、海岸 线长14KM
5.2.6 城市旧居住区改造
1、旧居住区改造的必要性 城市新区占用大量农田
而耕地已经人均不足一亩
旧居住区的条件不适应现代生活 2、旧居住区的一般问题 城市布局不甚合理 城市道路不成系统 建筑密度高，质量差 城市基础设施缺乏 公共服务设施不足 公共绿地极少
功能混杂，污染工业在其中 道路狭窄弯曲，过境交通穿城 有些已成危险房屋 给排水、通讯、燃料、供暖设施 教育、商业、医疗等
消费者物价指数(Consumer Price Index)，英文缩写为CPI，是反映与居民生活有关的产 品及劳务价格统计出来的物价变动指标，通常作为观察通货膨胀水平的重要指标。
居住水平和居住模式的演变 ——居住、生活水平的提高 ——休闲、娱乐内容的变化和强化 ——生活服务的多样化 ——时空观念的变化所带来的对活动效能提高的要求 ——对居住环境的要求
1、工业区出现的历史必然性 （1）新技术的出现 （2）中小企业的优势 （3）汽车运输的发展 （4）市区土地获取的难度增加 2、工业区的组织形式 （1）按工业生产协作关系组织工业区 （2）按资源综合利用组织工业企业 （3）按共同建设和利用公用设施组织工业区 （4）按工业对环境污染的性质特点组织工业区 （5）综合工业区
16.2 17.62 18.2
1366 1014 4919 4557
18.7
19
3067 2344 5053 4747
19.5
1707 2384.4 2593.7 1393 1926.2 2080.7 5062 4716 4764 4467 4737 4456