希腊神话论文英文
Greece Mythology Story, this book is full of wisdom and magic of colors. It narrated the story of deities and the legend of heroes. The god’s story involves the universe and humanity's origin, the production of the god and the other contents. In Greece mythology story, whether it is gods or deified persons (heroes), all of them have human emotions and human imprint in their thought. They have the same emotion of human, comparatively closer to the humanity. From the supremacy of Zeus, down to the small god who does not have the power and holds themselves aloof from the world’s authority, they are permitted all some person's emotion; they can develop the relationship with other gods even with the human beings. This is the most distinction from the Chinese mythology story. Although the Greek Mythology Story mainly eulogizes the deeds of heroes, I thought it also deeply expose and criticize the ugly of human nature.
In the introduction of this book, the author introduced twelve lord gods in the Olympics Mountain to us. Each of the twelve lord gods has their own family pedigree, and the perpendicular family system, they govern the nature and each kind of phenomenon and the thing of life, so as to form the Olympus god system and the entire phenomenon and things which take the Zeus as the centre. The legend of heroes origins from the worship to the ancestor, it was one kind of review of the ancient Greece person to the ancient times history. The legendary heroes mostly are the generations of gods and men or the demigod heroes. Their physical strength is excellent, and all of them are extraordinary brave, which manifested the heroic spirit and the tenacious will of human to conquer the nature, and they become the embodiment of people's collective strength and wisdom in ancient. The hero in the mythology has the bright superhuman strength, but they are not the god. Only few of them can ascend the heaven and became the god if they get the confirmation of Zeus through their work hard. So when I read this book in the first, I can not understand what it talks about, because it does not have any coherent in the front chapters, but the later chapters are especially caught my eyes. After I have read off this book, there are still some one give me a deeply impression.
The first is the father of gods: Zeus. Zeus to my first impression is that he is very
dissolute. Zeus is the father of all things, and he has a phoenix from the ashes, no one can hurt him, so he can love any girl he want, he betrayed his wife, but to lavish the love to the human and demigods daughter, and some times his love can not bring the happiness for others, on the contrary, it is a desert. For me, the most deeply impression is the story of Zeus and Io. Io is princess of the original Greek people, and she is very beautiful, when Zeus saw her at the first eyes, he loved her. Zeus hoped Io could become his wife and he used the sweet language to lure and tease Io. But the girl was very afraid, and she escaped the aspiration of Zeus, because Zeus is the dominator of all things, Io could not escape from the palm of Zeus, and at last, Io was caught by Zeus. Of course, all these things could not got away from the mother of gods：Hera’s eyes. Because of Zeus’s disloyalty, Hera’s suspicion was growing with each passing day. So when she knew her husband did the betray things again, she was very angry. In order to revenge her husband, Hera changed Io into a snow-white heifer, and set Argus with his hundred eyes to watch her, which made Io could not reunite with her family and could not went back her father’s site. The poor Io could to do nothing but to send out the voice of moo-moo. At last, Zeus was not really cruel enough to looked Io receives suffers, and then he begged Hera to put her.
From this story, I thought of our life time. First the power and wealthy can not bringing the true love for people. Even Zeus has the biggest power and wealthy, he still couldn’t win Io’s heart. Second the envy of women can destroy the reason of them, and made them cruel. Hera’s envy to Io made her forgot she was the mother of gods and her duty. Last, to be a god, his duty is to protect people from the disasters rather than bring the desert for people. If Zeus had not been pursued Io, Io could not suffered so much torments. Besides, I understand that the gods have their own desires and emotions.
Second is the great hero Heracles. Heracles was Zeus's illegitimate child. Because Hera does not know where Heracles comes from, she fed him and made he later owned immortality body. But after Hera knew the Hercules identity, she was regretting not to kill him. Because Heracles was the son of Zeus, he has the supernatural power and the strength which the average man not once had When
Heracles faced to choose his own path of life; he didn’t choose the happiness goddess but the virtue goddess. So in his later life, he did many benefit things for people. Especially the Eurystheus assigned ten tasks to him, Hercules fight the Nepali great lion bravely, kills hydra, and removes harmful things for the people, which showed the brave and tenacious of Heracles. Later Eurystheus let Heracles to capture the alive roe on the G’s law Mountain, and the alive boar on the E law Mann Torres Mountain, clean the barn in the Ogas, drives away Ting method Ross lake queer bird, tames the bull in Island of Crete, overpowered the mare in Diomedes, conquer the Amazon people. Heracles successfully accomplished the tasks, which are prominent displays in addition to wise and wisdom of Heracles. Although Heracles got the help from many gods, it also more display his fearless and wisdom. Later, Eurystheus know none of these things could stump Heracles, and did not killed him, he let Heracles to do the matter which the mortal not impossible to complete, it is let Heracles to hold back the giant herds of Geryones, pick the Golden Apples of Hesperides and taken back to the hounds of hell Cerberus, but at this time, Heracles accomplished the tasks again. All these things fully displayed Heracles risk-taking, fearless and understood take things by strategy. At the same time, Hercules do these matters unfolded the humanity use the tenacious will to defeat the bad natural environment. But the ending of Hercules is actually beyond expectation, he finally was killed the toxicant which the centaur Nessus gave to his wife.
I can learn some philosophy of life from the heroic deeds of Heracles. First of all, when we choose our life rode, we must be carefully and we must resist the temptation. We cannot indulge in a life of pleasure and comfort. We have to do something good for ourselves and others, just like Heracles. Second, when our competitors give us the difficult problem, do not refuse it, because it is a good opportunity to train and achieve ourselves. In the book Heracles is not willing to render a service to a weak people than himself, but he can not disobey the oracle which made his heroic career. Third, from the death of Heracles, we can learn that we can not believe stranger's words easily and also can not believe the slanderous talk easily, or it will only do something we regret.
At last, in the book makes me most affected is the love between Admetus and his wife Alcestis. Two of them married life is exactly opposite of married life with Hera and Zeus. When Admetus faced with death, his wife was brave to stand up, and instead of him went to the hell, So that Admetus managed to escape death. Before the death, Alcestis said to her husband, “your life are precious than my life, so I am willing to die for you. Without you, I am not willing to live.” Admetus also vowed to his wife in tears, she is his wife when she is living, after her death, she is still his wife. When his wife has been dead, Admetus was very sad, and has not remarried. When the hero Heracles knew this thing, Heracles brought back Alcestis from the hell, and gave back to Admetus. But Alcestis wore the veil at that time, Admetus did not know the lady who stood in front of him was his wife, and he was unwilling to break the premise to his wife, so he shirked this gift again and again. But he could not stand the persuasion of his friend, and he did not want to make his friend disappoint, so he ordered the servant to take the woman back to his bedroom. But when he lifted the woman's veil, he was surprised, because the woman is just his late wife. Then they hugged each other happily.
We need to understand that: We live not only for ourselves, but also for people we love and who love us. When we meet one person we really love, we must be sincere and willing to pay, because love happiness is depends upon two people to manage together. When our lover involved in the difficulties, we must go with our lover bravely and share his or her trouble and pain rather than abandon each other at the zero hour. When we lost our precious things, we should not always addict into the sad, and we should not forget there are still some good things around us, we should be glad to accept other beautiful things. The life is not always filled with despair, because the lucky goddess perhaps can bless you before you are absolutely despairing.
Only one thing as I am not able to understand is the complexity of their emotional life and the relationship between their marriages. According to the common sense, the close relatives are unable to married, but there are many cases in the book. For example, Oedipus marries his mother, and gave birth to some babies. To my surprised, all of these children are healthy which are against the common
sense. However, the Greece Mythology Story’s focus is to song the deeds of Greek heroes. Let us understand the wisdom and courage of our ancestors.
Greece Mythology Story opened a window of observed and understand the ancient Greece and even European culture for the readers. This book reflected the ancient Greece gods and heroic, and it left to humanity's cultural life with a rich spiritual heritage. This book is ancient Greece people after hundreds of years of the creation and the accumulation of a magnificent treasure of folk oral literature. In addition to this, when I finish reading this book, it is not only broadening my horizon but also help me to learn the European Culture an Introduction.
European Culture The appreciation of Greece Mythology Story
Name: 李久红
Class:Class one
Number:069
Group:Group four
Date: Oct.27th 2012
常见英语词汇背后的希腊神话故事
常见英语词汇背后的希腊神话故事 1.The Heel of Achilles 亦作The Achilles' Heel唯一弱点；薄弱环节；要害 The Heel of Achilles直译是“阿基里斯的脚踵”，是个在欧洲广泛流行的国际性成语。它源自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事。阿基里斯是希腊联军里最英勇善战的骁将，也是荷马史诗Iliad里的主要人物之一。传说他是希腊密耳弥多涅斯人的国王珀琉斯和海神的女儿西蒂斯所生的儿子。阿基里斯瓜瓜坠地以后，母亲想使儿子健壮永生，把他放在火里锻炼，又捏着他的脚踵倒浸在冥河(Styx)圣水里浸泡。因此阿基里斯浑身象钢筋铁骨，刀枪不入，只有脚踵部位被母亲的手捏住，没有沾到冥河圣水，成为他的唯一要害。在特洛伊战争中，阿基里斯骁勇无敌，所向披靡，杀死了特洛伊主将，著名英雄赫克托耳(Hector)，而特洛伊的任何武器都无法伤害他的身躯。后来，太阳神阿波罗(Apollo)把阿基里斯的弱点告诉了特洛伊王子帕里斯，阿基里斯终于被帕里斯诱到城门口，用暗箭射中他的脚踵，负伤而死。因此，the heel of Achilles,也称the Achilles' heel，常用以表示a weak point in something that is otherwise without fault;the weakest spot等意思。 2.Helen of Troy 直译"特洛伊的海伦"，源自源自荷马史诗Iliad中的希腊神话故事。 Helen是希腊的绝世佳人，美艳无比，嫁给希腊南部邦城斯巴达国王墨涅俄斯(Menelaus)为妻。后来，特洛伊王子帕里斯奉命出事希腊，在斯巴达国王那里做客，他在爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂的帮助下，趁着墨涅俄斯外出之际，诱走海伦，还带走了很多财宝。此事激起了希腊各部族的公愤，墨涅俄斯发誓说，宁死也要夺回海轮，报仇雪恨。为此，在希腊各城邦英雄的赞助下，调集十万大军和1180条战船，组成了希腊联军，公推墨涅俄斯的哥哥阿枷门农(Agamemnon)为联军统帅，浩浩荡荡，跨海东征，攻打特洛伊城，企图用武力夺回海轮。双方大战10年，死伤无数，许多英雄战死在沙场。甚至连奥林匹斯山的众神也分成2个阵营，有些支持希腊人，有些帮助特洛伊人，，彼此展开了一场持久的恶斗。最后希腊联军采用足智多谋的奥德修斯(Odusseus)的“木马计”，里应外合才攻陷了特洛伊。希腊人进城后，大肆杀戮，帕里斯王子也被杀死，特洛伊的妇女、儿童全部沦为奴隶。特洛伊城被掠夺一空，烧成了一片灰烬。战争结实后，希腊将士带着大量战利品回到希腊，墨涅俄斯抢回了美貌的海伦重返故土。这就是特洛伊战争的起因和结局。正是由于海轮，使特洛伊遭到毁灭的悲剧，真所谓“倾国倾城”，由此产生了Helen of Troy这个成语。 3.The Trojan Horse木马计；暗藏的危险；奸细 The Trojan Horse直译"特洛伊木马"，是个国际性成语，在世界各主要语言中都有。来自拉丁语equns Trojanus.这个成语甚至还进入到汉语词汇中，**同志在《矛盾论》中，谈到《水浒传》中宋江三打祝家庄时，就用了“木马计”这个典故。这个成语出自荷马史诗《奥德赛》。希腊人和特洛伊人交战10年之久，胜负未决。最后，希腊著名的英雄奥德修斯(Odusseus)想出了一个木马计，用木头做了一匹巨马，放在特洛伊城外。全体希腊将士伪装撤退，乘船隐藏在附近的海湾里，而
西方文明史 古希腊神话论文
西方近代文化精神的重要源头古希腊神话 摘要：神话是一种文化积淀，也是一种民族意识的积淀，直至今天，它仍以无穷的魅 力影响着现代人的生活。在漫长的西方文明发展史中，希腊文明曾放出璀璨的光芒。 古希腊的戏剧、建筑、绘画、雕塑等都从古希腊神话中汲取养料。所以可以说，古希 腊神话是西方文化的重要源头。古希腊神话是西方文化百用而不厌其烦的素材，这已 是人所共知的。本文重在试图探索西方文化从古希腊神话中汲取的两钟重要的精神血 液即人本和理性，这两种精神恰是整个西方近代文化的两个主要精神。 关键词：西方近代文化精神源头古希腊神话 古希腊神话故事的形成时期很早，是远古一代代人集体创作的结晶。神话起初口传，后来见之于书面文字。它的最早的传世书面文献当推荷马史诗。史诗中除了主体 故事外，还提及了许多其他的神话故事，那些故事显然在当时已是广为流传、普遍知 晓的。在荷马之后不久有古希腊诗人赫西奥德的长诗《神谱》，扼要地记述了许多神 话故事，并立力图把那些故事谱系化。古希腊悲剧的题材基本都是取材于神话，是作 家对那些神话故事的现实理解的戏剧体现。希腊神话在人类思想文化艺术史上始终光 彩夺目，经久不衰。 希腊文化源于古老的爱琴文明，和中国商周文明略有相像之处。他们是西洋文明 的始祖，具有卓越的天性和不凡的想像力。在那原始时代，他们对自然现象，对人的 生死，都感到神秘和难解，于是他们不断地幻想、不断地沉思。在他们想像中，宇宙 万物都拥有生命。然而在多利亚人入侵爱琴文明后，因为所生活的希腊半岛人口过剩，他们不得不向外寻拓生活空间。这时候他们崇拜英雄豪杰，因而产生了许多人神交织 的民族英雄故事。这些众人所创造的人、神、物的故事，经由时间的淬链，就被史家 统称为「希腊神话」，西元前十一二世纪到七、八世纪间则被称为「神话时代」。神 话故事最初都是口耳相传，直至西元前七世纪才由大诗人荷马统整记录于「史诗」中。 我们现在所知的所有古希腊神话的故事都来自《荷马史诗》和赫西俄德的《神谱》和《工作与时日》。《荷马史诗》包括《伊利亚特》和两部。《伊利亚特》记述的是 古代希腊人与特洛伊人交战攻打伊利亚特的经过。《奥塞德》描写了希腊军返航途中 的种种遭遇，荷马之后的赫西俄德写了《神谱》和《工作与时日》希腊诸神的渊源， 历史的发端。公元前六世纪到公元前三世纪间，希腊三为悲剧大师埃斯库罗斯、索福 克勒斯、欧里匹得斯的经典著作也极大的丰富了希腊神话的内容。古希腊神话主要包 括神的故事、英雄传说。前者包括关于天地的开辟、神的产生、神的谱系、人的起源 和神的活动等故事。古希腊神话里希腊有十二主神，他们住在希腊北部的奥斯匹斯山上。他们是管雷电的天神宙斯、天后家空之神赫拉、海神波塞东、太阳神阿波罗、月 亮神阿尔忒弥斯、智慧女神雅典娜、爱与美女神阿弗洛狄特、战神阿瑞斯、火与工匠 神赫尔斯托斯、众神使者赫尔墨斯、农神得墨忒耳、灶神赫斯提亚。此外还有小神仙 爱神厄洛斯、学问和艺术女神缪斯、大力神赫拉克勒斯。古希腊神话除诸神外还有英 雄传说，主要反映的是遥远的古代社会生活及人类心智、物质发展之后与自然的斗争，还有许多是反映人们生产斗争知识的。对与中国神话零散、片段化、孤立、情节简单 不同，希腊神话自成体系、完整、情节丰富曲折，具有非常大的魅力。 古希腊神话中也有人兽同体的遗迹，他们是诸神的祖先。希腊神话包括神的故事 和英雄传说两个部分。神的故事涉及宇宙和人类的起源、神的产生及其谱系等内容。 相传古希腊有奥林匹斯十二大神。但古希腊神话的主要人物希腊十二主神都是与人同形、与人同性的，既有人的体态美，也有人的七情六欲，懂得喜怒哀乐，参与人的活
源于希腊神话的英文单词
精心整理西方文化有两个源头:一为希腊(Hellenic)文化,一为希伯莱(Hebrew)文化,而希腊文化中的希腊神话(Greekmythology)对英语影响非常广泛。表现在词汇方面就是英语吸收了部分词汇并将之沿用,而这些词又或是可分解词或是可溯源词。这些词源包含的信息不仅可帮助读者准确理解每个词的词义,增添记忆单词的乐趣,还能特别记录、描述英语与古希腊文化的差异和交流,具有很高的历史性和趣味性。由于罗马神话深受希腊神话的影响,故事情节与希腊神话大同小异,只不过人名不同,所以希腊神话时常和罗马神话联系在一起。希腊罗马神话就像神话故事中的灵泉,滋养着英语的词汇,产生了 还是Cupid,成天无所事事,在天上飞来飞去练习射箭,搞得大家人心惶惶。 所以他们衍生出的单词都含贬义:erotic色情的;cupidity贪心,贪婪。 中国是matchmaker媒婆 10、Hygeia:希腊健康女神,其形象为年轻女子,身着白色长衣(白大褂),头戴祭司冠,用饭碗喂着一条蛇。衍生词:hygiene（n卫生学）。 11、Morpheus:希腊神话中的梦神。梦神是睡神Hypnos的儿子,掌管人们的梦境。衍生词:morphine(吗啡),marijuana(大麻),两者都是opium(鸦片)的提取物。morphine有麻醉镇 定的作用。 12．Chaos：开天辟地的混沌之神＜反＞cosmos：宇宙，有序的整体
13．Zeus主神宙斯 14．Pluto冥界之神，阴间之神；因为具有“冥河之宝藏”而似的“-pluto”作为词根表示”财富”;eg:plutocracy财阀统治；plutolatry拜金主义pluto冥王星 15．Styx环绕冥土四周的冥河，阴河;styxstygian冥河的，阴间的；黑洞洞的；幽暗的16．Lethe忘川，冥府河流名，饮其水则会忘记过去；忘却，遗忘 lethargic昏昏欲睡的<>stimulate 冥界三河：Styx冥河/Lethe忘川河/Meader河 abyss地狱深渊 abysmal深的。深渊的 17．Poseidon海洋之神，海王 eristic争 )siren , ) Chimerical空想的，幻想中的；异想天开的，不可能的 31．Iris（为诸神报信的）彩虹女神 iridescent彩虹色的，灿烂光辉的 32．Zephyr西风之神；西风的拟人化用语；和风，轻风，微风；轻罗，细纱 33．Academy柏拉图学派；某个科学领域内的权威定论机构 34．Stoic斯多葛学派哲学（公元前4世纪由哲学家Zeno创立于雅典）；禁欲主义35．Peripateticism逍遥学派(由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德在学园内漫步讲学而得此名) peripatetic逍遥学派的,走来走去的 二源于希腊神话的英语习语 1、Pandora’sbox(潘朵拉的盒子):普罗米修斯(Prometheus)为人类盗来了天火,激怒了宙斯(Zeus)。Zeus 决定惩罚人类,于是他命令火神造出一个美貌的女人Pandora,
希腊神话英语小故事：海伦
希腊神话英语小故事：海伦 Helen was the most beautiful woman of the world．She was an infamous lady．She lighted the flames of the Trojan war and brought extreme destruction on the city of Troy．Helen was the daughter of Zeus．Helen's matchless beauty and charms drew towards her many heroes from all parts of Greece. When still small she was carried off by Theseus，who wished to have a divine wife ．But she was rescued later by her brother Castor，and brought back to her native land．Her stepfather married her to Menelaus，king of Sparta． Nothing of importance had happened to her married life until Paris came to visit Sparta．Helen was attracted by Paris' lovely face．They stole one another's love in the absence of Menelausand then eloped on board a ship to Troy．Helen left her young daughter behind．To get Helen back，the Greek army sailed across and laid a long siege to the city of Troy ． Helen was quietly weaving her story into a web of golden carpet one day when she was called up the city walls of Troy to look at the fighting between Menelaus and Paris．Menelaus was determined to kill Paris in the battle．Sitting by the side of King Priam，she told the chiefs of the Greek side to him．Tears of love filled up her eyes when she saw her first husband down below．After Paris fled the field she had the feelings of love and scorn．She encouraged Hector and Paris to take the field again and sincerely mourned the death of the true hero Hector. But when Odysseus and Diomedes came in disguise to steal the Palladium，she helped them to do so as
《古希腊神话论文》
《希腊神话》课程论文 专业：************ 学号：******** 姓名：*** 古希腊神话 摘要：古希腊神话是古希腊人民最初意识的成果，智慧的结晶。反映了他们对自然和社会的认识，是他们精神的体现，更是西方文明乃至世界文明的重要组成部分。古希腊文学是欧洲文学的真正开端，是西方文学的最早源头，是整个人类文化的最原始状态，其艺术也是西方艺术的起源，希腊神话在西方发展历史上具有举足轻重的作用。 关键词：希腊神话起源精神影响 一：简介 希腊神话是古希腊人最初的意识活动的成果，是古希腊人关于神的故事英雄传说的总汇，它艺术地概括了他们自然和社会的认识，集中了他们的经验和理想，也表达了他们对社会不平现象的义愤，正如马克思所说：希腊神话是：“通过人民的幻想用一种不自觉的艺术方式加工过的自然和社会形式本身。”它起源于原始社会的口头文学，当时希腊各部落都有自己的神和英雄的故事，这些故事世代相传，以口头的形式在各部落流传了几百年，后来随着各地区之间交往的日渐频繁和紧密，众多的、零星的神话构成了极为复杂的神话系统，并为《荷马史诗》、赫希俄德的《神谱》以及古典时期的文学、历史和哲学著作所吸收，逐渐成为全希腊共同的精神财富。古希腊神话主要由神的故事和英雄传说两大部分组成，神是整个庞大思想体系的支点。神的故事主要包括开天辟地、神的产生、神的谱系、天上的改朝换代、人类的起源和神的日常活动等故事，其中又分前奥林匹斯神系和奥林匹斯神系两大阶段。 二：体现的精神 人文精神：古希腊地处爱琴海独特的自然环境中，这与其后来文化体系的形成和发展密不可分。在爱琴海上，大约有1000个岛屿星罗棋布，水手们永远不会看不到陆地，人们从海上返航大陆不过几个小时，这一特点造就了希腊人的世界主义情怀。古希腊的商业形式和城邦的政治体制促进了希腊公民的能力发挥，个人的作用和价值得到完美体现，使得人性得到高度尊重，也导致人文主义在古希腊文明中有了生长的土壤。另一方面，古代希腊人神共处的泛神主义宗教也是人文精神得以发展的重要因素。希腊人对神灵只有崇敬，没有畏惧，神像在另一个世界与人类共存一样，并非神圣而不可冒犯。因此希腊人觉得自己生活在一个由熟悉的、可以理解的力量统治的世界里，感到无忧无虑，安适自在，这是他们自由的思想
作文素材之希腊神话
一、为人类盗来天火的普罗米修斯——现在我们常把普罗米修斯比喻成为了他人而宁愿牺牲自己的人。（比如：消防员） 1941年，马克思大学毕业之际，完成了一篇哲学论文。论文中他写了这样的话：你知道得很清楚/我不会用自己的痛苦/去换取奴隶的服役/我宁愿被缚住在岩石上/也不愿作宙斯的忠顺奴仆。这其中“不愿作宙斯的忠顺奴仆“的就是为人类带来天火的普罗米修斯。 在希腊神话中，人类是普罗米修斯创造的。他也充当了人类的老师，凡是对人有用的，能够使人类满意和幸福的，他都教给他们。同样的，人们也用爱和忠诚来感谢他，报答他。但最高的天神宙斯却要求人类敬奉他，让人类必须拿出最好的东西献给他。普罗米修斯作为人类的辩护师触犯了宙斯。
作为对他的惩罚，宙斯拒绝给予人类为了完成他们的文明所需要的最后的物品——火。但普罗米修斯却想到了个办法，用一根长长的茴香枝，在烈焰熊熊的太阳车经过时，偷到了火种并带给了人类。 于是，宙斯大怒，他差人将普罗米修斯带到高加索山，用一条永远也挣不断的铁链把他缚在一个陡峭的悬崖上，让他永远不能入睡，疲惫的双膝也不能弯曲，在他起伏的胸脯上还钉着一颗金刚石的钉子。他忍受着饥饿、风吹和日晒。此外，宙斯还派一只神鹰每天去啄食普罗米修斯的肝脏，但被吃掉的肝脏随即又回长出来。就这样，日复一日，年复一年。直至一位名叫赫剌克勒斯的英雄将他解救出来为止，他一直忍受着这难以描述的痛苦和折磨。
二、潘多拉魔盒——比喻充满诱惑并会带来不幸的礼物。（比如：网络游戏） 宙斯为了惩罚普罗米修斯盗取火种，更想出了一个恶毒的危害由他创造的全人类的办法。他命令以巧妙著称的火神赫淮斯托斯造了一个美丽的少女，神使赫耳墨斯把能够迷惑人心的语言技能馈赠给这妩媚的姑娘；爱情女神则赋予她无限的魅力。她就是潘多拉，是“被赐予一切的女人”。 宙斯给潘多拉一个盒子，里面是每一位天神送的一件对人类有害的礼物。然后，潘多拉来到人间，捧着那个盒子去找普罗米修斯的弟弟、愚笨的后觉者厄庇墨透斯，将盒子送给他。那个蠢笨的后觉者虽然曾得
希腊神话中的词汇
许多英语的成语来源于希腊神话，并且走入了人们的日常生活。如产生于特洛伊战争（the Trojan War）中的几个成语故事：apple of discord，意思是“不和的根源”。说的是不和女神艾瑞斯（Eris）在某个婚礼中投下一只金苹果，上面写着“送给最美的女神”。结果引起神后赫拉（Hera）、智慧女神雅典娜（Athene）和爱与美的女神阿芙洛狄特（Aphrodite）的争夺。最后她们去找特洛伊城（Troy）的王子帕里斯（Paris）裁决。三位女神向Paris许下了不同的诺言。Aphrodite 许诺说她将把世界上最美的女人送给Paris，于是Paris就把鑫苹果判给了Aphrodite.Hera和Athene非常生气，发誓要报复特洛伊人。后来，Paris出使希腊的斯巴达，在Aphrodite的帮助下，勾引走了斯巴达王后海伦（Helen）——当时世界上最美丽的女人。Paris拐走了Helen，激起了全体希腊人的公愤，于是希腊各国组成联军，远征特洛伊人。战争中，Aphrodite支持特洛伊人，Hera 和Athene支持希腊人。由一只苹果引发了战争，因此apple of discord意思就是“不和的根源，发生纠纷的事端”。这次战争中涌现了许多英雄，阿基里斯（Achilles）就是其中之一。幼年时，他母亲为了使他有不死之身，提着他的脚在冥河中将他全身浸过，使刀枪不能伤害他，唯独脚跟没有浸过冥河水，结果在同Paris作战时，被Paris用毒箭射中脚跟而死，因此Achilles' heel（阿基里斯之踵）就成了“致命的弱点”的同义语。特洛伊战争的最后一年，希腊人采用了“木马计”（the Trojan Horse），在Hera和Athene的帮助下，攻陷了特洛伊城。由于Helen导致了特洛伊城的沦陷，因此Helen of Troy就成了“红颜祸水，倾国尤物”的代名词。 再如：the sword of Damocles（达摩克利斯之剑），Damocles是叙拉古王朝的一位大臣，非常羡慕帝王的荣华富贵。一天，国王让他坐在王位上，在Damocles的头上用一根头发悬一把利剑，告诉他王权的危险就象那把剑一样，随时可能降临。因此the sword of Damocles就成了“富贵中隐藏的危险”的同义语，也可以指形势危急，千钧一发；Damon and Pythias：Damon和Pythias 是好朋友。Pythias出事被判了死刑，为了使他能够回家控视亲人，Damon留在牢中作人质，如果Pythias不按时返回，就处死Damon.当期限满，临处刑之际，Pythias及时赶回。国王深受感动，将二人全部释放，因此，Damon and Pythias 意思就是“生死之交”。 经常说的“潘朵拉的盒子”（Pandora's box）来自这样一个故事：普罗米修斯（Prometheus）为人类盗来了天火，激怒了宙斯（Zeus）。Zeus决定惩罚人类，于是他命令火神造出一个美貌的女人Pandora，让她去勾引Prometheus 的弟弟埃比米修斯（Epimetheus）。结果Epimetheus上当，接近了Pandora，Pandora于是就将手中的盒子打开，放出了里面的罪恶、灾难、疾病、不幸，只留下了“希望”在盒子里。于是Pandora's box就成了“灾难的根源”的代名词。 Penelop's web是来自于史诗奥德赛（Odyssey）的一则成语：泊涅罗珀（Penelop）是奥底修斯（Odysseus）的妻子，以忠贞而著称。特洛伊战争打了十年，Odysseus在返家的途中又耽搁了十年。在这漫长的二十年中，许多王公贵族向Penelop求婚，她都托辞说必须等织完布后才能予以考虑，一到晚上，她又将白天织好的布再拆开。因此Penelop's web就成了一项永远也完不成的工作。
经典英语希腊神话故事
经典英语希腊神话故事 潘多拉 Pandora after the stealing of fire，zeus became increasingly unkind to men.one day he ordered his son hephaestus tobuild an image of a beautiful maiden out of clay.he then asked the gods and goddesses to award her with different kinds of gifts.among others ，athena clothed her in an attractive coat and hermes gave her the power of telling lies.a charming young lady，she was the first woman that ever lived.zeus called her pandora.because she had received from each of the gods and goddesses a gift.the gift was harmful to men. zeus decided to send her down to men as a present.so hermes them essenger brought her to epimetheus ，brother of prometheus.the greatness of her beauty touched the hearts of all who looked upon her ，and epimetheus happily received her into his house.he had quite forgotten pometheus'warning ：never to accept anything from zeus.the couple lived a happy life for some time.then trouble came on to the human world. when he was busy with teaching men the art of living，prometheus had left a bigcask in the care of epimetheus.he had warned his brother not to open the lid.pandora was a curious woman.she had been feeling very disappointed that her husband did not allow her to take a look at the contents of the cask.one day，when epimetheus was out ，she lifted the
希腊神话人物分析英文版
Greek Mythology Today I'm very happy to have this opportunity to show you our presentation. Greek Mythology is a group of traditional tales told by the ancient Greeks. It talks about the deeds of gods, heroes and their relations with human beings. Greek Mythology is not just a literary works; it is also a production of culture of that time and an exhibition of the social surroundings and problems of the current western countries. If we want to know western culture, we need to read this book. It is a summary about gods and heroes story of the ancient Greek nation. It mixed up the real life with the fantasies. After reading the book Greek Mythology, I'm sure everybody is interested in the goddess in this fantastic masterpiece, so I will share with you some of our ideas. Juno was the principal wife of Jupiter, and, as queen of heaven, participated in the honors paid to Jupiter. Juno appears to be the sublime embodiment of strict, matronly and virtue, and is on that account the protectress of purity and married women. Faultless herself in her fidelity as a wife, she is essentially the type of the sanctity of the marriage tie. So strongly was she imbued with this hatred of any immorality, that, finding herself so often called upon to punish the failings of both gods and men in this respect, she became jealous, harsh, and vindictive. She seemed to be hard-hearted to those gods who were sent many blessings by Jupiter. Latona was just a typical example. Juno changed herself into fierce and dreadful forms to frighten Latona and her children - Apollo and Diana to run from the beautiful garden which Jupiter had found for her. Then she followed and tormented Latona in many ways such as sent wild animals to howl horribly behind her when Latona grew tired and to rest. Juno also changed Callisto into a great furry bear when she found that Jupiter was so pleased with Callisto?s charm and goodness. Her exalted position as the wife of the supreme deity, combined with her extreme beauty, caused her to become exceedingly vain, and she consequently resented with great severity any infringement on her rights as queen of heaven, or any apparent slight on her personal appearance. Juno…s character was just like a jealous and manipulative woman in our daily life. Venus was appointed goddess of Love and Marriage．She represented sex, affection and the attraction that binds people together. With the help of her little son，Eros，the god of love，she made many a tale of happiness and sadness in the life of gods and men．Though Venus was regarded as the symbol of extreme beauty, she still showed a human-like emotion. Venus was much vexed by Psyche who was a princess famous of her beauty. Although her little son Eros - - the god of love fell in love with Psyche. Venus tried every method to break them up. Obviously, Venus was jealous of Psyche?s beauty. In another story, Venus made Pygmalion…s (a sculptor) dream come true, only because she was delighted with the loveliness of Pygmalion?s statue which looked much like herself. Venus spent all her life in the pursuit of love, but her enthusiasm for love is temporary. What?s more, she isn?t single-minded in love. Venus created a personality image with strong vanity and beautiful appearance. She stressed the women's instinct to pay more attention to the appearance. And these points made Venus more act like human beings.
古希腊神话的论文文档
中外文学艺术与文学精神 学院：计算机与信息工程学院专业：计算机科学与技术 姓名：杜倩学号：1330090071 关于古希腊神话有什么特点的论述 神话是每个民族早期的百科全书和文化之源，它凝聚着文化命运的种种积淀，也是民族精神的最初记录，世界各民族的初始文化与基本精神都集中体现在各民族形态各异的神话中。 马克思曾说过，神话是“通过人的幻想，用一种不自觉的艺术方式加工过的自然和社会形式”是“用想象和借助想象以征服自然力、支配自然力，把自然力加以形象化”。所以神话是人类对自然与自我以及自然与自我关系的探索。神话都是描写氏族的、部落的、民族的，乃至某一群体生活的真实反映。所以我们应该客观的认识神话，不应该富裕神话太多的幻想色彩，真正的想到神话背后所传达的意境，从侧面了解当时人们的生活状况以及当时的文化内涵。这才是神话所要传递的实质内涵。不应该肤浅的认识表面，像小孩子读童话故事一样，这也是我们为什么要了解古希腊神话特点的原因。 古希腊神话的特点之一便是多神论，从第一代神混沌神—卡俄斯到第二代神的十二提坦神再到第三代的奥林匹斯神，相对于古希伯来他们信奉的唯一真神（耶稣）还有现代大多数的信教的一神论来说，像是中国的佛教，伊斯兰教唯一的真主（阿拉）等。另一方面的特点便是他们的神位往往是一出生就被决定了的，神与神之间都有不可磨灭的血缘关系，像是第二代神克洛诺斯的七个孩子中就有四个成为了神。他们对于继承神位在一定程度上比较野蛮，克罗诺斯杀了父亲乌拉诺斯继承了王位，克罗诺斯比他父亲还要专横，为了保住王位，每当孩子出生，他就一口把孩子吞掉。到最小的孩子宙斯出生时，瑞亚设计骗过丈夫，顺利地把他生下来并送给白橡树仙女抚养。宙斯长大后，和母亲一起逼迫让父亲吐出吞下的五个兄妹。最终宙斯也效仿了自己的父亲杀父夺位。在这一点上反映了当时希腊人们对于权力的继承采用这用野蛮的形式。 古希腊神话作为最古老的意识形态反映了古希腊人社会组织和婚姻状态的演变过程。我们也比较容易发现在古希腊神话中，各个神之间的婚姻关系比较混乱，有母子婚——地母该亚和自己的孩子乌拉若斯结婚，兄妹婚——克洛诺斯和瑞亚等。这种婚姻方式在后来有了很大的改变，而且在古希腊神话中，女神的地位很高，像地亩该亚，这表明了以母系氏族为中心的存在。那么为什么会出现这种情况呢？我们都知道男人与女人最大的区别就在于生育能力。当时希腊人民正处于低级的社会发展阶段，知识不足，生产力水平低下，生活极为艰难，在这种条件下，壮大人口便成了第一首要任务，这样才可以壮大家族，抵抗外来的种族的侵犯。所以“母系氏族”就这样顺理成章的诞生了。后来以宙斯为首的奥林匹克大家族则是父系氏族的反映，宙斯的权利高于一切，实际上是父系氏族首领权利日
希腊神话对英语词汇的影响
英语词汇中的古典成分 【摘要】希腊文化对西方文明有着深远影响，而古希腊神话形成于公元前8世纪左右，作为古希腊文学宝库的奇葩，它对西方社会文化和语言都产生了深刻而久远的影响。本文拟从英语中源于希腊罗马神话的词汇入手，追溯希腊神话对英语词汇的影响。 【关键词】希腊神话，英语词汇 古希腊神话内容庞杂，情节曲折动人，人物众多（据统计有480人之多），它对欧洲文化产生了久远的影响。现代英语80%的词汇都是借自其他语言或从其他语言的词根构成的。据粗略统计，英语中与希腊神话相关的词汇大约有1000个，所得数据未必是准确无误的，但是这至少证明了英语中与希腊神话有关的词汇在英语词汇系统中有着不可轻视的地位和重要性。 源于希腊神话的词汇已经渗透英美国家社会生活的各个层面，并对其文化和语言表达产生了深远影响。这些词汇从来源课大概分为五类：取自奥林匹克12主神的词汇，取自其他神的词汇，取自英雄故事的词汇，取自半人半神的词汇，取自凡人故事的词汇。这些词语根据其在英语中的使用方式可分为直接使用，取其寓意，转意使用，生成新词等。 1.英语中的部分词汇由古希腊罗马神话故事直接转化而来 1.1神话对基本词汇的直接影响 直接借用外来语言中的词汇为本语言所服务，并保留原有的拼写及全部或部分词义的词被称为loan word。希腊神话中的一些人物由
于具有某种典型的特征或特殊的经历，他们的名字直接转化为普通名词。这种名词不仅保留了原来的拼写，其词义多为申神话人物的象征意义与引申意义。同时，词义的内涵与外延均有很大的扩大，在词形未变的情况下，其词义由单一转化为多样，抽象转化为具体，泛指转化为特指。 如:Adonis是爱神Aphrodite所钟爱的美貌少年猎人，现指美貌少年或美男子 Gorgon（蛇发女怪，凡人见到她就会变成石头）→gorgon（丑陋可怕的女人，令人作呕的人或景象） Python（被Apollo所杀死的巨蟒）→python（蟒蛇） 1.2神话对现代英语花卉名称的影响 现代英语词汇中大量的植物花卉名称跟希腊神话有着千丝万缕的关系。他们部分是神灵的化身，部分是神灵的宠物。如矢车菊centaur源自马人Chiron,月桂树laurel源于太阳神Apollo,芦苇reeds源于牧神Pan,鸢尾花iris源于霓虹女神Iris等。 2.希腊神话对英语词根与词缀的影响（与英语原有词根与词缀融为一体，不易辨别） 2.1 神话中人名对英语词根的影响 按照语言学的观点，词根指必须和一定的词缀组成单词的词，这种派生而来的单词以形容词居多，其次是名词和动词。从数量来看，源自女神的词语明显多于来自女神的词语。如Athene雅典娜女神聪明机智，学识渊博。有她的名字“Athene”后加上后缀“-um”即
古代神话故事鉴赏论文 (2000字)
古代中国神话和古代希腊神话的异同 范培超计算机工程学院通信工程（物联网）学号：14021740057 摘要：神话是人类最早的幻想性口头散文作品。人类童年时期的产物，文学的先河。神话产生的基础是远古时代生产力水平低下和人们为争取生存、提高生产能力而产生的认识自然、支配自然的积极要求。本文根据古代中国神话和古代希腊神话的特点、地位以及影响对其异同进行分析。 关键词：神话、特点、地位、影响、异同。 一、古代中国神话故事的特点 1、不食人间烟火，没有平凡人的情欲”，这是中国上古神话中的主要大神们神格的重要特征。在中国的很多经史典籍中，中国上古的主要大神们，他们不苟言笑，从不戏谑人类，更不会嫉妒和残害人类。 2、“对神的献身精神的崇尚和礼赞”，是中国上古神话尚德精神的另一重要体现。这种牺牲精神首先表现在古老的创世神话当中。中国的创世神话，是以牺牲创世神的肉体来完成天地开辟和万物创造的。 3、中国上古神话中的尚德精神不仅仅体现在大神们不食人间烟火的高尚以及伟大的献身精神，同时也体现在他们“保民佑民的责任感”上。在中国人的心目中，既是被人们所礼拜的神，就应该尽到保民佑民的职责。 二、古代希腊神话故事的特点
1、原始、野蛮、未开化。希腊民族在原始公社和氏族社会就已经有了一套丰富而完整的神话。由于希腊神话起源很早，所以在希腊神话故事中往往会带一种原始、野蛮、未开化的气息。 2、人本主义与命运观念并存。在希腊神话故事中，人冒犯了神，就会受到一定的惩罚，得到不好的下场。但是并不是完全否认人的能力，神不是完全不可侵犯的。人可以和神相恋。这就强调了人本主义。由于当时生产力低下，人们的生产生活必然会受到自然力量的制约。可是他们又无法用现有的知识来解释无法改变的情况。所以神话中也有一种强烈的宿命感，一个人的命运如果被注定，即使有神的帮助，依然无法摆脱命运的束缚。 3、神人同形同性。在《宙斯的故事》中讲过希腊神话中的神最初都是由该亚和乌剌诺斯所生。在《普罗米修斯》中说普罗米修斯用泥土和河水按照天神的形象创造了人。所以在古希腊神话中的神和人是同形的。人可以拥有神力。神和人结合所生的孩子身上会带上一些超乎寻常的神力。 三、神话故事的影响 神话传说是古代人民智慧的结晶，是人工智能类最古老的信仰，他表现了古人的宇宙观和人生观的认识，是古人对自然现象的一种解释与疑问，在屈原的《天问》中就是最好的例证。随着历史的发展，神话传说逐渐进化为一种宗教认识。当然，很多神话并非子虚乌有，有很多是古代的先人被后人神化，而形成后来的神话传说。在今天，神话传说对研究历史有着一定的研究价值，当然，神话传说更是一个民族的民族精神的体现。 四、古代中国神话故事与古代希腊神话故事的异同 共同之处：
源于希腊神话的英文单词
西方文化有两个源头:一为希腊(Hellenic) 文化,一为希伯莱(Hebrew) 文化,而希腊文化中的希腊神话(Greek mythology) 对英语影响非常广泛。表现在词汇方面就是英语吸收了部分词汇并将之沿用,而这些词又或是可分解词或是可溯源词。这些词源包含的信息不仅可帮助读者准确理解每个词的词义,增添记忆单词的乐趣,还能特别记录、描述英语与古希腊文化的差异和交流,具有很高的历史性和趣味性。由于罗马神话深受希腊神话的影响,故事情节与希腊神话大同小异,只不过人名不同,所以希腊神话时常和罗马神话联系在一起。希腊罗马神话就像神话故事中的灵泉,滋养着英语的词汇,产生了许许多多美妙动人的词汇故事,增强了英语的生命力。 一源于希腊罗马神话中众神名字的英语词汇 现代英语中,不少词汇来源于希腊罗马神话中众神的名字,至今仍起着重要的作用。典型的词源试举如: 1、Flora :古希腊罗马神话中的花神。她嫁给了西风之神Zephyr ,丈夫送给她一座满是奇花异草的园子。春天时,Flora和丈夫Zephyr 手挽手在园子里漫步,他们一路走过的地方百花齐放。Flora 在现代英语里指代“植物”。衍生词:flower ,flour , flourish , floral , florist。 2、The Muses(缪斯) : 希腊神话中掌管艺术的诸神。共九位,分别是历史、抒情诗、喜剧(牧歌、田园诗) 、悲剧、歌舞、爱情诗、颂歌、天文、史诗。Muses 的艺术衍生出单词music ,Muses 收藏艺术品的地方就是museum。艺术带来的快乐便是muse ,amusement。 3、Pan(潘) :牧神和森林之神,受打扰时会大声吼叫。衍生词:panic(惊慌,恐慌)。 4、Titan(泰坦) :曾统治世界的巨人族的一员。Titan 在现代英语里指代高大强壮的人,重要人物。衍生词titanic 意指巨大的,极大的。“泰坦尼克号”即以此命名。 5、Zephyrus(泽费罗斯) :西风之神。衍生词:zephyr (西风,和风,微风)。 6、Atlas : 阿特拉斯，希腊神话中Titans (泰坦) 巨神之一,因背叛Zeus(宙斯) 被罚在世界的西边尽头以双肩扛天。16 世纪地理学家麦卡脱把Atlas 擎天图作为一本地图册的卷首插图。后人争相效仿, atlas 从此有了地图、地图集、身负重担的人的含义。其他衍生词:Atlantic。 7、Ceres :庄稼保护神。古罗马遭受大旱,教士们求助女巫占卜,占卜的结果是要立一位新的女神Ceres ,向她供奉,这样她就会给大地带来雨水。此后,Ceres 就变成了庄稼的保护神。cereal 从拉丁语变化而来,意即“of Ceres”属于谷物女神的。衍生词:cereals(谷类,早餐麦片)。 8、Cronos :宙斯的父亲。害怕子女反抗自己,曾吞食自己的后代。就像无情的时间,吞噬一切。因此字根“chron”意指“time”。衍生词:chronic(耗费时间的,慢性的) ;chronology(年代学,年表)。 9、Eros(厄洛斯) :爱神。是一位生有双翼的美少年,相当于罗马神话中的Cupid(丘比特) 。不管是Eros 还是Cupid ,成天无所事事,在天上飞来飞去练习射箭,搞得大家人心惶惶。 所以他们衍生出的单词都含贬义:erotic 色情的;cupidity 贪心,贪婪。