科技文本的翻译
经典翻译范文之科技篇中英文对照

中国热门科技词汇科学发展观concept of scientific development全民科学文化素质scientific and cultural qualities of the entire people 发展科技scientific and technological advancement科教兴国revitalize China through science and education 农业技术agricultural technology[扩展]白色农业 white agriculture (microbiological agriculture and biological cell agriculture)超级杂交水稻super-hybrid rice技术下乡spreading the application of science and technology in rural areas节水农业water-saving agriculture立体农业3-D agriculture农产品加工及转化the processing and commercialization of agro-products 农业科技agro-science农作物良种seeds of high-quality crop农作物新品种选育the selection and breeding of new crops 生态农业environmental-friendly agriculture无土栽培soil -less cultivationBP机,传呼beeper, pager背投屏幕rear projection screen不明飞行物unidentified flying object (UFO)操作系统operating system产品科技含量technological element of a product创新innovation电话会议teleconference电话留言机answering machine对讲机talkie and walkie多媒体multimedia二期the second phase防抱死系统ABS (anti-lock braking system)孵化器incubator高产优质high yield and high quality高技术产业化apply high technology to production高科技板块high-tech sector高科技园high-tech park个人数字助理PDA (personal digital assistant)工业园区industrial park国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 国家重点实验室national key laboratories火炬计划Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)计算机中央处理器central processing unit(CPU)技术产权technology property right技术交底confide a technological secret to someone.技术密集产品technology-intensive product交叉学科interdisciplinary branch of science科技成果转化为生产力 transfer of scientific and technological achievements into productive forces科技含量technology content科技基础设施science and technology infrastructure科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive for ce科技体制改革reform of the science and technology management system科技与经济脱节science and technology are out of line from the economy科教兴国rejuvenate the country through science and education可持续发展战略strategy of sustainable development纳米nanometer三峡水利枢纽工程the key water control project at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River物种起源origin of species新兴学科new branch of science研究成果research results在孵企业incubated enterprises自动取款机automatic teller machine (ATM)自然科学与社会科学的交叉融合integration of natural and social sciencesIT 信息技术[扩展]信息港info port信息高地information highland信息高速公路information superhighway信息革命information revolution信息含量information content信息化informationization信息技术处理ITA - Information Technology Agreement 信息检索information retri办公自动化OA (Office Automation)笔记本电脑laptop / notebook / portable computer 电脑病毒computer virus电脑犯罪computer crime电子管理e-management电子货币e-currency电子商务e-business; e-commerce电子商务认证e-business certification电子邮件E-mail非对称数字用户环路ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop)高速宽带互联网high-speed broadband networks公告板BBS (bulletin board system)光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine广域网WAN (wide area net word)汉字处理软件Chinese character processing software黑客hacker计算机2000年问题Y2K problem计算机辅助教育CAI -computer assisted instruction计算机辅助设计CAD-computer assisted design计算机合成制造CAM-computer assisted manufacturing计算机中央处理器CPU - central processing unit超文本传送协议hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)界面interface金融电子化computerized financial services局域网LAN - local area network互联网服务提供商ISP (Internet Service Provider)全球移动通信系统(全球通)global system for mobile communications (GSM)刻录机CD burner宽带接入broadband access宽带网broadband networks内联网、局域网(计算机)Intranet垃圾邮件junk mail千年问题、千年虫millennium bug; Y2K bug 人工智能AI - artificial intelligence人机交互human - computer interaction人机交互human-computer interaction虚拟人visual human虚拟网virtual net虚拟网virtual net虚拟现实virtual reality虚拟银行virtual bank因特网服务提供商ISP- internet service provider万维网World Wide Web(WWW)应用软件internet applications域名domain在线on line掌上电脑palm computer政府上网工程Government Online Project只读存储器read-only-memory (ROM)智能感知技术perceptive technology智能终端intelligent terminal中文信息处理系统Chinese information processing system数码科技digital technology高保真Hi-Fi (High Fidelity)高清晰度电视high definition TV (HDTV)光谷optical valley光通讯optical communication蓝光光盘Blue -ray Disc数码港cyber port数字地球digital globe数字蜂窝移动通信digital cellular mobile telecommunications三维电影three-dimensional movie三维动画three-dimensional animation[详析] “蓝光光盘”利用蓝色的激光束来刻录数据。
科技文本翻译

普通科技文体
普通科技文体主要包括两个方面:科普文章 (popular science article)及技术文本(technical document).其语场是传播科技知识,描写生产 过程,说明产品的使用方法等.语旨是内行对外 行(scientist-to-layperson writing).语式是采用自 然语言,用词生动,句法简易,文风活泼,多用 修辞格. 无论是科普文章或是技术文本都有较强的劝导性 (persuasiveness),所以普通科技文体常以简洁的 语言,生动的方式把信息传递给受众.
普通科技文体与专用科技文体
Food is digested as it passes along the long tube which begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. The process of digestion begins in the mouth where the food is crushed by the teeth and made wet by the juices in the mouth. After it is swallowed, it passes down the gullet, a tube having muscles and going to the stomach. Food is digested as it passes along the alimentary canal. The process of digestion begins in the mouth where the food is chewed and moistened by the saliva. After being swallowed, it passes down the gullet, a muscular tube leading to the stomach. 通过对比,发现词汇和句法上的差异是明显的.专用科技 文体用术语表达,普通科技文体常用解释性的文字表示.
浅谈科技文本的翻译方法

浅谈科技文本的翻译方法摘要随着科学技术日新月异,国际交流日益频繁,科技英语的翻译也因此而逐渐发展起来。
为了更好地实现科技英语翻译的交际功能,科技文本适用的翻译方法也是当今科技翻译工作者研究和关注的焦点。
本文针对科技文本的翻译方法与技巧进行探讨,旨在提高翻译质量。
关键词科技文本;翻译方法;专业术语;句子翻译首先靠考虑的就是语篇风格,科技文本的翻译与文学类等其他文体翻译相比,有其自己的独特性[1]。
第一,科技文本的主要目的是传授知识、为人们提供新的科技内容,所以不像文学作品那样重在生动的描写或多用表现文采的修辞手法,而是着重把握文体的科学性、逻辑性和客观性。
科技文本用语不讲究华丽,但内容必须表达精准,要体现科技文体科学严谨的特性;第二,从语用学的角度来看,科技文本重点在于准确表达内容,无须带有任何主观成分,以客观的表达方式叙述事实和真理,以显示其科学性。
科技文体不存在夸张夸大的语句,更不存在华丽的辞藻,表达方式大多平铺直叙、逻辑性强。
因此,科技文本的翻译也必须按照一定的原则进行,一要准确,就是理解和表达科技内容、科技术语、语言形式、逻辑关系、符号公式、图表数字等要准确无误,要忠实于原文;二要简洁,就是用词、造句、行文要简洁明了,精炼通顺;三要规范,就是语言、文字、术语、简称、符号、公式、语体、计量单位等都要规范统一,符合国家和国际标准。
这三条翻译标准是密切联系的,在翻译实践中应同时兼顾,根据具体情况灵活运用。
必须要把握好原语文本的语篇风格才能保证科技文本翻译之后的客观性和真实性。
确定科技文本翻译的整体风格后,接下来要考虑的是句子的翻译。
科技文体中,作者常用的几种句子结构包括被动语态、名词化结构、第三人称和一般现在时等。
由于英汉两种语言的巨大差异,使得科技文体的这些特征在翻译时都无法保留或无须保留,必须保留的是其中的语法意义和所传达的信息。
因此,句法作为语言的外壳有时可以舍弃。
比如被动语态在汉语中不常用,翻译时应尽量使译文符合汉语的表达习惯,转换成主动语态。
Lesson 12 新闻文本、旅游文本、科技文本的翻译

I Translation of News
新闻文体主要是 新闻报导(news story, news report) 评论(comments) comments 特写(features)
词汇特点
1. 常用词汇有特定的新闻色彩 nadir 两国关系的最低点 2. 使用“小词”(midget words) back(支持), ban(禁止) 3. 大量使用缩略语 WB(world bank世界银行), ASP(American selling price美国销售价) biz (business商业) 4. 临时造词 Euromart(European market 欧洲市场)
新闻标题的翻译
尽量与原文一样简短,要注重译文能象 原文一样传神达意 Four Killed and Five Hurt in a House Fire “房屋起火五伤四亡”; Soccer kicks off with Violence "足球开赛脚踢拳打".
标题中的省略
Largest Chinese trade delegation to visit US in Nov. Deposits, loans rising in 2 Workmen Injured in Electrical Accident
科技文本的特点
1. 人称: This paper,firstly,analyzes the language function of tourism English, and then analyzes the language characteristics of tourism English. 第三人称以示客观
On one of those sober and rather melancholy days in the later part of autumn when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together and throw a gloom over the decline of the year… ----Washington Irving Westminster Abbey 译文:时方晚秋,气象肃穆,略带忧郁,早晨 的阴影和黄昏的阴影几乎连在一起,不可分割。 岁将暮兮、终日昏暗… ----夏济安 译
科技文本翻译

科技文本翻译Technology has evolved rapidly in recent years, and this has had a profound impact on our daily lives. From smartphones to smart homes, technology has become increasingly integrated into every aspect of our lives. In this article, we will explore the challenges and opportunities presented by this technological revolution.One of the biggest challenges we face is the ever-increasing amount of data being generated. Every day, we create massive amounts of data through our online activities, social media posts, and interactions with smart devices. This data can be extremely valuable for businesses and organizations, as it can provide insights into consumer behavior and preferences. However, managing and analyzing such large volumes of data is no easy task. This has given rise to the field of big data analytics, which involves using advanced algorithms and techniques to extract meaningful information from huge data sets. By harnessing the power of big data, businesses can gain a competitive edge and make more informed decisions.Another challenge we face is the rapid pace of technological advancements. New technologies are being developed and introduced at an unprecedented rate. This constant stream of innovations presents both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, it allows us to improve our productivity and efficiency, and develop new products and services that can greatly improve our lives. On the other hand, it also requires us to constantly adapt and learn new skills in order to keep up with the changing technological landscape. Lifelong learning has become more important than ever, as we need to continuously update ourknowledge and skills to stay relevant in the job market.The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) is another significant development in the field of technology. AI refers to the ability of machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as language translation, image recognition, and decision-making. AI has the potential to revolutionize many industries, from healthcare to transportation to finance. However, it also raises concerns about job displacement and ethics. As machines become more capable of performing complex tasks, there is a fear that many jobs will become automated, leading to unemployment. Additionally, there are ethical questions surrounding AI, such as privacy and security concerns, as well as the potential for bias in decision-making algorithms.Despite these challenges, the technological revolution also presents immense opportunities. For example, advancements in renewable energy technologies can help us transition to a more sustainable future and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. The Internet of Things (IoT), which refers to the network of interconnected devices and objects, has the potential to greatly improve our quality of life by enabling us to remotely control and monitor our homes, cars, and appliances. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies are also opening up new possibilities in fields like gaming, entertainment, and education.In conclusion, the rapid advancement of technology has brought about many challenges, from managing big data to keeping pace with new innovations. However, it also presents numerous opportunities for improving our lives and solving global issues. Aswe navigate this technological revolution, it is important to strike a balance between embracing the benefits of technology and addressing the potential risks and concerns it brings. Only by doing so can we fully harness the power of technology to create a better future for all.。
实用文体翻译教程(英汉双向)第五章 科技文本的翻译

Recent developments in the utilization of salinity power by reverse electrodialysis and other methods are discussed.
译文: 本文讨论采用逆电渗法和别的方法来利用盐动力的最新进展。 分析: 此句中,名词化结构the utilization of salinity power by reverse electrodialysis and other methods已从具体的行 为过程中抽象出来,形成一个复杂的整体概念,与介词in构 成短语,来修饰developments。如果把它还原为句子的形 式,即“Salinity power is utilized by reverse electrodialysis and other methods.”那么专用科技文体中 的整体概念和抽象性就不复存在了。
因而每个气缸都用一个水套围着,水套形成循环回路的一部 分,由水泵驱使水在回路中不停地流动,并用由外部鼓进的 空气来使水冷却。鼓风用的大型旋转凤扇是由主曲轴带动的, 而在大型电传动内燃机车上,则由辅助电机带动。
4. 大量采用省略结构 对科技英语来说,明确和简练是最基本的要求,为
此就要尽最大可能把句子压缩得短一些,尽量杜绝不必 要的重复,在不影响准确、清晰地表达技术内容的前提 下,能省略的词语尽量省去。因此,大量采用省略句结 构就成为科技英语的另一个突出特点。常见的省略结构 有如下几种:
译文: 经常出现的一种错误是:放置待加工工件时,没有将它与加 工所用的夹具的壁面或侧面之间留出足够的间隙。 分析: 此例中多处使用了后置定语,如过去分词短语quite frequently made、used for it;不定式短语to be machined 以及介词短语between the piece…and walls or sides of the jig…等。
科技文本翻译

• 在英译汉过程中,应考虑汉语句法的特点 ,对长句进行有效的切分,使得意思明晰 地传达;而在汉译英过程中,应注意汉语 小句的合并,以符合英语句法的要求以及 逻辑的严密性。
• 例如: • 中国已成功地发射了第一颗实验通信卫星 。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的,一直运 转正常。它标志着我国在发展运载工具和 电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。
• 石油埋藏于地层深处。因此,仅仅靠研究 地层表面,无法确定有无石油,必须对地 下的岩石结构进行地质勘测。如果确定了 某一区域的岩石蕴藏着石油,就在此安装 钻机。
注意
• 被动语态的大量使用是科技英语最为显著 的特征。据统计,科技英语中有三分之一 以上的动词为被动语态形式。 • 汉语科技文本中用被动语态表达的句子为 数不多,而科技英语中被动语态使用广泛 。
译例分析
• 产品能值是加工产品所消耗的总能量,它 由加工过程中所用的能源、原材料、劳动 力以及能源和原材料的运输提供的能值组 成。 • 能值:energy value
注意
• 科技汉语的词汇含义相对单一且规定,而 科技英语的词汇内涵较大,常有一词多义 的情形。
词汇特点
• 派生词:由加前缀、后缀构成的词出现频 率很高。 • 缩写词:使用经济、简便。 • 名词化现象:由动词或形容词转化而来的 抽象名词的运用一方面可以表达抽象的逻 辑性与概念化,同时又能满足科技文体追 求表达的简练、客观以及浓缩的要求。 • 例如:
• 通用科技词汇:指不同专业都要经常使用 的词汇,但在不同的专业中却有不同的含 义。它们用法灵活,搭配形式多样,使用 范围广。例如: • Transmission: • 发射、播送(无线电工程学) ; “ 传动、变 速” (机械学); “透射”(物理学);“ 遗传”(医学)
科技文本的英译

科技文本:科学专著、科学论文、实验报告、工程技术说明、科技文献、科普文献等•一、科技文本的特点与英译原则•(1)特点:用词严谨、准确,行文规范,逻辑严密,注重客观性,一般不带个人感情色彩。
已经从ESP中形成一个分支:EST.•(2)英译原则:• a.用词多样化,专业术语多,使用缩略语•purely technical words:•nuclear physics: proton(质子), neutron(中子), electron(电子), reactor(核反应堆), radioactivity(放射性).•semi-technical words:•fastener(建筑扣件), carrier(车床底座), gear switch(齿轮开关), clamp(夹钳), spade(铁铲).•non-technical words:•vapourate, minimize, reciprocate(报酬)科技文本缩略语的翻译:•(1)首字母缩写(acronym)•PC:Personal Computer•IDDD:International direct distance dialiry•DNA:dexoxybonucleic acid•DOS:Disc operation system•CPU:Central processing unit•Telecom:telecommunication•(2)拼凑法•Sicom:situation comedy Biorhythm:Biological rhythm Comsat:communication satellite Minicom:miniature computer •Psywar:psychological war Telecon:telephone conferenceb.语法特点:多用一般现在时;c.名词化现象,注意转换(汉语-动态语言,英语-静态语言)•eg.The house is under construction.•(The house is being constructed.)•例句:中国已经成功地发射了第一课实验通讯卫星。
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科技文本的翻译 Prepared on 22 November 2020
(一)科技英语特点和翻译原则
科技文本:科学专着、科学论文、科学报道、试验报告、技术规范、工程技术说明、科技文献以及科普读物等。
科技文本的特点:用词非常严谨,行文规范,注重客观;描述平易,一般不带感情色彩;准确,正式,逻辑严密。
1. 科技英语的词汇。
i. 普通词汇
ii.半专业词汇
半专业词所表达的意义根据不同的学科内容而定
.:1. pencil
光学中:光纤锥,射束
机械中:metal pencil 焊条
2. concentration
1)Electrode potential depends on the concentration of the irons.(浓度)
2) A concentration process is important now that the depletion of high grade ores is possible. (富集)
iii.专业词汇
i.词义专一,构成呈多样化,前后词缀,如:auto-, a-, semi-,micro-等。
ii.外来词多
2.科技英语中长句较多, 汉译英时注意拆分
科技英语重表示某些复杂概念时用的长复合句大大多于一般英语。
长句特点是从句和短语多,同时兼有并列结构或省略,倒装顺序,结构显得复杂。
但其所表达的科技内容严密性、准确性和逻辑性较强。
见4. .
3.科技英语专业术语性强,汉译英是强调术语翻译的正确性。
专业术语语义具有严谨性和单一性
平时阅读与所译材料同类的英文材料
给概念以约定俗成的译名
.:药品的“保存期”是“shelf life”而不是“storage period”
肺活量是“vital capacity”而不是“lung capacity”
科技英语重缩略语情况也比较多,需勤查相关专业词典或参考书,采用公认的缩略形式。
.:“原始地面线”(Original Ground Surface)可用“OGS”
“最优含水量”(Optimal Moisture Content)可用“OMC”
4.科技英语大量使用抽象名词和介词,汉译英时应当注意动态语言和静态语言的转化。
.: 中国已成功地发射了第一颗试验通讯卫星。
这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的,一直运转正常。
它标志着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。
The successful launching of China’s first experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.
5.科技英语时态变化不明显,汉译英是多采用一般现在时。
科技英语主要叙述普遍真理,描述工作原理、实验效果与结论、物质特性和功能。
通常使用一般现在时。
除描述科学史实时仍需使用过去时态。
6.科技英语陈述语气较多,汉译英是应注意运用此类语气。
注重以实事求是的学术风格来表达科学事实,内容严谨、准确,极少有明显的感情色彩。
所以科技英语中少有虚拟语气,基本没有感叹句。
注重客观性,描述平易,不同于文学作品,不需激发读者感情。
.:1. Solution to the problem was ultimately found.
2.指南针是利用磁铁在地球磁场中的南北指极性而制成的
一种指向仪器,它和以差动齿轮结构的指南车不同。
A magnetic compass is an instrument showing direction based on
the phenomenon that a magnetic bar or needle swinging freely in the
earth’s magnetic field will direct itself to lie in a magnetic south-north position.
7.科技英语被动语态和非人称句使用较多,汉译英时注意转换。
主要描述科技活动的结果或自然规律
.: 炒钢的原料是生铁。
把生铁加热到液态或半液态,靠鼓风或
撒入精矿粉,使硅、锰、碳氧化,让碳量降低到钢的成分范围。
The raw material of puddling steel is cast iron, which is first heated to a liquid of semi-liquid state. The situation, manganese and carbon ore are then oxidized by wind blowers or the addition of fine ore
powder so that the carbon content is lowered to within the limits of steel composition.
8.科技英语衔接性强,汉译英时应注意增添必要的衔接手段以保证语义连贯。
(二)科技文本标题的英译
简短精炼,突出主题。
英文论文标题通常由介词短语和名词词组构成,实词首字母大写。
.:1.合金化对TiAl基合金性能的影响及机理
Effects of Alloying on Properties of TiAl-based Alloys and Mechanisms 2.转炉和含锌铅高炉尘泥的物性和物相分析
Analysis of Intrinsic Properties and Phase Condition on Converter Sludge and Bearing-Zn-Pb Blast Furnace Sludge
3.铝及铝合金正反向挤压力比较
Comparison between Direct and Indirect Extrusion Forces of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy。