专业英语第三章

Chapter 3 An introduction to Management:
The Nature and Role of Management
[本章学时]：2学时
[本章内容概要]： 3.1 What is organization?
3.2 What are management and manager?
3.3 Point of views of management
[本章教学目的与要求]：describe the nature of management, define management and management and managers; discuss the science and the art of management
[本章重点与难点]：the definition of organization, management and manager; managerial levels
3.1 What is an organization?
1 The definition
An organization is defined as a group of people working together in a structured and coordinated fashion to achieve a set of goals.
2 characteristics
The common characteristics of organizations are shown as follows:
◆They have a distinct purpose(goal)
◆Are composed of people
◆Have a deliberate structure
3 organizational resources
(1) Human resources——managerial talent and labor
(2) Financial resources——capital investments to support ongoing and long-term operation
(3) Physical assets——raw materials, office and production facilities, and equipment
(4) Information——usable data, information linkages
3.2 What are management and manager?
1 what is management
Management is a set of activities ( planning and decision making, organizing, leading, and controlling) directed at an org anization’s resources (human, financial, physical, and information ) with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner.
The basic purpose of management is to efficiently use resources wisely and in a cost effective way.
Efficiency—doing things right is to get the most output for the least inputs. Effectiveness—doing the right things is to attain organizational goals.
2 what is a manager?
A manager is someone whose primary responsibility is to carry out the management process, who plans and makes decisions, organizes, leads and controls human, financial, physical, and information resources, and who works with through other people by coordinating and integrating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals.
The three levels of managers are:
Top managers who are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and establishing plans and goals that affect the entire organization
Middle managers who are primary responsible for implementing the policies and
plans of top managers, supervising and coordinating the activities of lower level managers.
First-line managers who are at the lowest level of management and manage the work of no managerial employees.
3 essential managerial skills
Conceptual skill: the ability to think analytically and achieve integrative problem solving.
Human skills: the ability to work well in cooperation with other persons
Technical skills: the ability to apply expertise and perform a special task with proficiency.
3.3 Point of views of management
1 management: science or art
(1) Science of manament
It is assume that management problem can be approached by using rational, logical, objective, and systematic ways, and it is required using technical, diagnostic, and decision-making skills and techniques to solve problem.
(2) Art of management
Management decisions are made and problems are solved by using a blend of intuition, experience, instinct, and personal insights. Managers need the use of conceptual, communication, interpersonal, and time-management skills to successfully accomplish the tasks associated with managerial activities.
本章小结
An organization is defined as a group of people working together in a structured and coordinated fashion to achieve a set of goals. The basic purpose of management is to efficiently use resources wisely and in a cost effective way.
A manager is someone whose primary responsibility is to carry out the management process, who plans and makes decisions, organizes, leads and controls human, financial, physical, and information resources, and who works with through other people by coordinating and integrating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals. Conceptual skill: the ability to think analytically and achieve integrative problem solving.
复习思考题
a. What’s the definition of organization?
b. What’s the definition of management ?
c. Is the management sciences or art?。