高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构
高中英语语法通霸3：
独立主格结构和with的复合结构
考点1.独立主格结构的构成
A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语
前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 10考点5）。
His homework was finished, he went out to play.×
这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。上句可以变为：
His homework finished, he went out to play.
这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。
破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。
练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。
1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.
2.He arrived at home. His face was red.
3.My homework was finished. I went out to play football
with my friends.
4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me.
5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done.
6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home.
B.独立主格结构的构成
①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you
tomorrow.
②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）
The test finished, we began our holiday.
③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）
He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.
④名词(代词)+副词
The game over, the crowd rushed to the exit.
⑤名词(代词)+形容词
A hunter came in, his face red with cold.
⑥名词(代词) +介词短语
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
⑦名词(代词) +名词
The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night. 考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系
看下面两个句子：
①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving.
（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）
②The traffic light green, the bus got moving.
(前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)
可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。但是作定语时，常用with的复合结构。
The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt.
背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。
在独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受限制。
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
A policeman ran after him, with a stick in his hand.
1.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected
president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
2.With all the magazines I needed ______, I left the post
office.
A. buying
B. to buy
C. bought
D. to be bought
3.With electricity ______, we couldn’t drive the machine.
A. was cut off
B. being cut off
C. cut off
D. having cut off
4.Everything ______ into consideration, they believed
themselves more and returned to their positions.
A. to take
B. taken
C. to be taken
D. taking
5.______ more and more forests damaged, some animals and
plants are facing the danger of dying out.
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. By
6.【2010山东】The living room is clean and tidy, with a
dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.
A. laid
B. laying
C. to lay
D. being laid
7.Many students ______ around, I explained the story into
details.
A. stood
B. standing
C. to stand
D. were standing
8.【2012辽宁】The old couple often take a walk after supper
in the park with their pet dog ______ them.
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows
9.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted
the words ______ in his heart for years.
A. filling; having been hidden
B. filled; hidden
C. filling; hidden
D. filled; hiding
10.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______
the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.
A. leading; finding; leading
B. to lead; found; to lead
C. led; finding; led
D. leading; found; led
11.______, he had to stay at home q329950885 looking after
her.
A. Being ill
B. His wife was ill
C. His wife being ill
D. Because he was ill
12.______, John returned to school from his hometown.
A. The summer vacation being over
B. The summer vacation is over
C. Because the summer vacation over
D. After the summer vacation being over
13.The old sick goat lay on the ground, its eyes ______ and its
legs ______.
A. closed; trembled
B. closing; trembling
C. closed; trembling
D. closing; trembled.
14.【2012全国新课标】The party will be held in the garden,
weather ______.
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit
15.We left the meeting, there obviously ______ no point in
staying.
A. were
B. being
C. to be
D. having
16.All flights ______ because of the snowstorm, many
passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A. were canceled
B. having been canceled
C. had been canceled
D. have been canceled
考点3.独立主格结构与定语从句
由关系词引导的定语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语，且不需要连接词。
17.He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ translated into a
foreign language.
A. them
B. which C . it D. what
18.You can use a large plastic bottle, ______ cut off, as a pot
to grow young plants in.
A. the top is
B. the top of which
C. whose top
D. with its top
19.【2008湖南】The growing speed of a plant is influenced by
a number of factors, ______ are beyond our control.
A. most of them
B. most of which
C. most of what
D. most of that
20.The English mayors, most of ______ girls, seldom win in
the sports competitions.
A. them
B. whom
C. they
D. the
21.To find out, Frisch built special hives, ______ only one
honey-comb.
A. each with
B. each has
C. each is with
D. each of which having
考点4.独立主格结构与状语从句
状语从句要有完整的谓语，而独立主格结构则没有完整的谓语。
22.______ more and more forests destroyed, some animals are
facing the danger of dying out.
A. With
B. By
C. As
D. For
23.You have no idea how she finished the relay race ______
her foot wounded so much.
A. for
B. when
C. with
D. while I.单句改错
1.I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise went on.
2.The largest collection ever found in England was one of
about 2,000 silver pennies, all of which 600 years old.
3.They had nowhere to live, because their houses destroyed
in the earthquake.
4.【2005江西】Actually, I didn’t have to walk far before I
found a small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room.
II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）
5.【2011湖北】With the key______ (hold) in his hand，he
looked for them everywhere.
6.Conditions ______ （permit）, I will teach myself a second
foreign language.
7.There ______ (be) no rain for a long time, most of the
crops in this area died from lacking water.
8.With many items she needed ______ (buy) for her
50-birthday-party, she went to the supermarket with a big basket.
9.Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress, their
face ______ (shine) with smile.
10.【2015江苏】Much time ______(spend) sitting at a desk,
office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
III.写作技能提升
11.上周六没有课，我们去参观了长城。（there be, pay a visit
to）
12.我们的校园非常美丽，花儿香，鸟儿唱。（schoolyard,
smell sweet, sing happily）
13.天气很糟，我们不得不放弃爬上山顶的计划。(weather,
give up, the top of the mount)
14.许多人对我们镇的环境感到忧虑，包括我。（be concerned
about, environment, include）
15.考虑到各方面情况，我认为这是解决这个问题的合适的
办法。（all things, consider, an appropriate approach to, solve the problem）
16.每天有如此多的作业做，我感到身心疲惫。（with so many
assignments to complete, exhausted, physically and mentally）
17.【2013湖北】上学时我遇到过很多老师，其中两位对我
影响很大。(through the course of my schooling, two of them, influence)