定语从句
定语从句五种句式
导语：定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句⾸。
下⾯是店铺给⼤家整理的定语从句五种句式的相关内容，希望能给你带来帮助! 定语从句五种句式 ⼀、限定性定语从句 1. that即可代表事物也可代表⼈，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
⽽且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，⽽且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先⾏词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先⾏词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多⽤which，但在带有下列词的句⼦中⽤that⽽不⽤which，这些词包括all, anything, much 等，这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句⽤来修饰⼈，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词，⽤来表⽰地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表⽰时间 ［注］值得⼀提的是，表⽰时间“time"⼀词的定语从句只⽤when引导，有时不⽤任何关系代词，当然也不⽤that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything 或nothing时，常⽤there is来引导 ⼆、⾮限定性定语从句： ⾮限定性定语从句的作⽤是对所修饰的成分作进⼀步说明，通常和主句间⽤逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成⽴ 1. which引导的⾮限定性定语从句来说明前⾯整个句⼦的.情况或主句的某⼀部分 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. ⼈们对⽩⽇做梦的态度正在改变，这与⼈们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有⾮常相似之处。
定语从句的引导词
定语从句的引导词定语从句是汉语中常用的一种句子结构，用来描述或限定名词的一些属性或特征。
在构建定语从句时，需要使用引导词来引导整个从句的开始。
以下是一些常见的定语从句引导词：1. 关系代词：关系代词用于引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
常见的关系代词有：关系代词：关系代词用于引导定语从句，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
常见的关系代词有：- 人称：用于指代人类的关系代词有“谁（who）”和“那（whom）”。
“谁”用作主语，而“那”用作宾语。
例如：“John is the man who(m) I met yesterday.”（约翰是我昨天遇到的那个人。
）人称：用于指代人类的关系代词有“谁（who）”和“那（whom）”。
“谁”用作主语，而“那”用作宾语。
例如：“John is the man who(m) I met yesterday.”（约翰是我昨天遇到的那个人。
）- 物称：用于指代事物的关系代词有“那（that）”和“ which”。
一般来说，“那”用于非限制性定语从句，而“which”用于限制性定语从句。
例如：“I bought a book that/which is interesting.”（我买了一本有趣的书。
）物称：用于指代事物的关系代词有“那（that）”和“ which”。
一般来说，“那”用于非限制性定语从句，而“which”用于限制性定语从句。
例如：“I bought a book that/which is interesting.”（我买了一本有趣的书。
）2. 关系副词：关系副词用于引导定语从句中充当状语的从句。
常见的关系副词包括：关系副词：关系副词用于引导定语从句中充当状语的从句。
常见的关系副词包括：- 地点：用于指代地点的关系副词有“where”。
例如：“This is the place where I grew up.”（这是我长大的地方。
）地点：用于指代地点的关系副词有“where”。
定语从句的特点
定语从句的特点定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，用于修饰名词或代词。
它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，并在主句中充当名词的修饰语。
定语从句有以下几个特点：1. 修饰名词或代词：定语从句主要用于修饰前面的名词或代词，以进一步说明或限定其含义。
例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. （我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）2. 位于名词之后：定语从句一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister. （穿红裙子的那个女孩是我的妹妹。
）3. 与先行词有一定的关系：定语从句的引导词与先行词之间有一定的关系，如关系、时间、地点、原因等。
例如：I like the movie that we watched last night. （我喜欢昨晚我们看的那部电影。
）4. 修饰性质多样：定语从句可以修饰名词的性质、数量、状态、时间、地点等。
例如：The car that is parked outside is mine. （停在外面的那辆车是我的。
）5. 可省略引导词：在定语从句中，关系代词"that"在口语中常常可以省略，但关系代词"which"不能省略。
例如：The book (that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. （我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）6. 可以使用不同的引导词：定语从句的引导词有多种选择，如关系代词"that/which/who"和关系副词"when/where/why"等。
例如：This is the house where I used to live. （这是我过去住过的房子。
）7. 可以有不同的语序：定语从句的语序可以有两种形式，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
定语从句(完整版)
5.当先行词同时包括人或物时。 eg. We often talk about the people and the things that we are interested in. 我们常常谈论我们感兴趣的人或事。 6.当主句是who或which时。 eg. Who is the girl that has black long hair? eg .Which is the pen that you bought?
I know the girl. 分解 The girl’s mother is a teacher.
作定语
that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.
注意: 关系代词作动词宾语时可
省略. The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.
Mary is a girl. Mary has long hair.
合并为一个句子
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
• 关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。
定语从句详解(经典)
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power. where, when，why
先行词
which, who, whom, whose, that
关系词
关系代词
定语从句
关系副词
二、用法:
关系代词: 引导定语从句的关系代词
who whom whose
that
which
4. The gentleman ___ you told me
yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who
B. about whom C. whom
5. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in
the room.
A. whom B. what
Beijing is the citwyheirne which I was born.
why
• why可用for +which 代替
1.This is the reason. 2.I was late for school wfohircht. his reason.
why
This is the reason for which I was late for school.
2. which, that 的用法
which 作定语从句的主语或宾语.
可省略
This is a truck which / that is made in
China.
作主语
I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday作. 宾语
只能用that的情况
定语从句及五种基本句型
定语从句专题一、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which;关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1．作主语用who, which和that, 如：He is the man _______ lives next door.The train ________ has just left is for Shenzhen.2．作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：The man _________we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book _________ I bought last week?3．作定语用whose, 如：(a) He is the man ________ car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting ________ importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。
whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4．作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。
常见定语从句的用法
What’sthatwhichflashed in the sky just now?（刚才在天空中闪现的那种东西是什么？）
2：that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that,不用which.
(1)先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时
先行词指人,代替先行词在定语从句中充当介宾且介词于关系词前。
3、定语从句的关系代词Whose的用法:
若先行词指人或物；关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语的定语，形式为“whose+名词”表所属关系，即“谁的……”。
例：①Do you know the singerwhosename is Wangfeng?
先行词指物，代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语。
※注意:
1:that /which在代物时,常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which,不用that：
(1)关系代词前有介词时
This is the hotelinwhichyou will stay.
(2)定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which
例：①This is the penwhichwas given by my friend.（这是我朋友给我的笔。）
先行词指物，代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语
②This is the penwhichmy friend gave to me.（这是我朋友给我的笔。）
先行词指物，代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语
4、定语从句的关系代词that的用法:
若先行词指人或物,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。
例①She is the personthat /whowe are worried about.（她是我们所担心的那个人。）
定语从句句型结构
定语从句句型结构
定语从句是修饰一个名词或代词的从句，用来给这个名词或代词增加限制和说明。
定语从句的句型结构通常包括以下几个部分：
1. 引导词：定语从句一般由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（where, when, why）引导。
2.关系词在从句中的功能：关系词在从句中起到名词、形容词或副词的作用，与它所指代的先行词相对应。
3.从句主谓宾结构：定语从句中也有主语、谓语和宾语等成分，但也可以省略。
4.与先行词的关系：定语从句修饰或限制先行词，与先行词之间存在其中一种关系，如人与人、物与物、时间与事件、地点与地点等。
举例说明：
1.关系代词引导的定语从句：
- The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. （我从图书馆借的那本书非常有趣。
）
- This is the man who saved my life. （这是救了我的人。
- The car which was parked outside has a flat tire.（停在外面的那辆车有一个漏气的轮胎。
）
2.关系副词引导的定语从句：
- I still remember the day when we first met. （我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。
）
- This is the place where I used to live.（这是我过去住过的地方。
）
- I don't understand the reason why he left.（我不明白他离开的原因。
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定语从句----关系代词的用法 一 定语从句的概念 1.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 2.引导定语从句的词有两种:关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等,关系副词有where ,why, when等。 3.关系代词和关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,有三个作用：1连接主从句(引导定语从句)2.指代先行词3在定语从句中做句子成分。 4.定语从句一般位于先行词后面。 二 关系代词的用法 1 who的用法 who引导定语从句时，在从句中做主语或宾语，（做宾语时可省）先行词是人。 This is the man who helped me out of trouble. 他就是那个帮我解决困难的人。 I don’t know the woman who you spoke to just now. 我不认识那个刚才你与她交谈的妇女。 2 whom的用法 whom引导定语从句时，在从句中做宾语，（可省）先行词是人。 The doctor whom/who you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那个医生在房间里。 She’s a girl with whom you can talk freely. 她是一个你可以与之随便交流的姑娘。 [注意]①whom 引导定语从句时不能用作从句的主语。 ② whom 可以构成“介词+whom”引导定语从句 3 whose 用法 whose引导定语从句时，在从句中做定语，意思为：“。。。的”，表示所属关系，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。 He’s living in a room whose window faces the east. 他住在一个窗户朝东的房间里。 The boy whose spoken English is excellent draws our attention. 那个英语口语极好的男孩引起了我们的注意。 [知识拓展]“whose+n”引导的定语从句相当于“the+n+of+which/whom”或“of which/whom+the+n.”引导的定语从句 ①.Please pass me the book whose cover is yellow and black. =please pass me the book the cover of which is yellow and black. 请把那本封面是黑黄相间的书递给我。 ②.We saw some people whose car had broken down. = We saw some people the car of whom had broken down. 4 that 与which的用法 that和which 在它们引导的定语从句中做主语或宾语，（做宾语时可省）that的先行词既可以是人，也可以是物，which的先行词是物。 They finally reached a storehouse that/which used to be a church. 他们最后到了一个曾经是一个教堂的仓库那里。 I have been keeping the presents that/which he sent me. 我一直保存着他送给我的礼物 [注意]在下列情况which和that 不能换用 1只用that不用which的情况： ① 先行词是人时 We all like the new teacher that teaches us English. 我们都喜欢教我们英语的那位新老师 ② 先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,many,some,something,nothing,anything,everything等时。 All that we have to do is to practise every day. 我们所必须做的是就是每天练习。 I ‘ll do everything that I can(do) to help you. 我将尽一切努力来帮助你 ③ 当先行词被all, few, little, the only, any, no, the very等修饰时。 Every means that had been tried proved to be useless. 尝试过的每一种方法都被证明是无用的 I’ve read all the books that you gave me. 我已经读了你给我的所有的书。 He is the very man that I am looking for. ④ 当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时 The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我将永远不会忘记我的第一堂课。 It’s the most interesting book that I ‘ve ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最有趣的书 ⑤ 当先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈起了他们所记得的学校里面的人和事。 ⑥ 当the way做先行词且引导词在从句中做状语时,引导词用that或in which,也可省略。 I hate the way (that)/ (in which) he talks to his wife. 我讨厌他和他妻子说话的方式。 ⑦ 一些以which/who开头的特殊疑问句,为了避免重复，用that引导。 Which is the book that you want? Who is the child that lost his key? ⑧ 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(只限于限定性定语从句) He is not the person that he was 30 years ago. [注意] that和who的先行词都是人，但有时只用who He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。 A sports fan is someone who loves to play or watch sports. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。 总结：先行词是①人称代词 ②someone/anyone等指人的不定代词 ③those/one/ones指人时 [注意]定语从句中谓语动词的单复数 ① Do you know the boy who is (be) standing under the tree? ② Do you know the boys who are (be) standing under the tree? 总结：如果关系代词在定语从句中作主语,谓语动词要与主语保持一致. She is one of the students who have (have) been to Beijing. She is the only one of the students who has (have) been to Beijing. 5、as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语) (1) 如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等结构中。如： 1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.) 2比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in. I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday. 比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） (2) 如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.） 1. As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语） =It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health . 或:Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .（as 作宾语） 或: Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. 2.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子) 三、. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that. 3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。 1).This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。 2).Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。 4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译） 比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician. 定语从句练习