英语习语的翻译策略
英语习语翻译方法
英语习语翻译方法英语翻译习语方法一：直译法纸老虎利用直译法后，英语翻译成paper tiger,在外国人看来明义而又传神，直至逐渐被英美接受留用。
作为英语翻译中的中国人，直译的代表作kung fu，也由于中国的世界影响力，早早成为正式的英美民族语言。
英语翻译习语方法二：同义习语借用法在英语翻译前后，两种语言无论内容形式，表达情感都存在部分习语存在类似的比喻。
在英语翻译时，我们往往直接借用，如walls have ears与隔墙有耳，虽存在差异，但字义巧妙吻合，令借用后的英语翻译相得益彰。
英语翻译习语方法三：意译法意译法能处理在英语翻译中无法直译与借用状况下的原稿，典型的落花流水一词，由于表示一败涂地之意，而被英语翻译为to bi shattered to pieces，便是如此。
英语翻译习语方法四：省略法汉语中存在着四字习语两两对偶的情形，一般的英语翻译处理法会让译文显得杂糅重复，此时，省略法就发挥了功效。
如街谈巷议一词，简单的意味street gossip即可，英语翻译前后虽省略了一个词义，但却完全正确自然。
英语翻译习语方法五：增加法有了省略法，自有增加法。
在英语翻译中，汉语往往简略后能让国人明义，而英语则必须要增加说明，顺合外国人对英语翻译的习惯。
如树倒猢狲散译为Once the tree falls, the monkeys on it will flee helter-skelter中的helter-skelter便是利用增加法，起到调和英语翻译的作用。
2翻译英文文章技巧拿到一篇英文，首先要略读一下，来确定文章风格。
如果是抒情式的必须要将文章翻译得优美一些。
如果是科技文章，则语言必须要偏向专业和精简风格。
要多读相关材料来熟悉所写的内容。
一篇文章都会有自身的主题，要围绕主题多读一些相关的文章，这样在翻译当中才会使用更加合适的词汇、语句。
要注意英语单词对应的语义。
英语单词在翻译成汉语会有不同的意思。
英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧
英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧英文翻中文的八大翻译技巧推荐首先是英文理解难，这是学习、使用英文的人的共同感觉，由于两国历史、文化、风俗习惯的不同，所以一句英文在英美人看来顺理成章，而在中国人看来却是颠颠倒倒、断断续续，极为别扭。
二是中文表达难，英译汉有时为了要找到一个合适的对等词汇，往往被弄得头昏眼花，好像在脑子里摸一个急于要开箱子的钥匙，却没有。
另外，英译汉时对掌握各种文化知识的要求很高，因为我们所翻译的文章，其内容可能涉及到极为广博的知识领域，而这些知识领域多半是我们不大熟悉的外国的事情，如果不具备相应的文化知识难免不出现一些翻译中的差错或笑话。
正是因为英译汉时会遇到这么多的困难，所以，我们必须通过翻译实践，对英汉两种不同语言的特点加以对比、概况和总结，以找出一般的表达规律来，避免出现一些不该出现的翻译错误，而这些表达的规律就是我们所说的翻译技巧。
一、词义的选择和引伸技巧英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。
一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义;一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。
在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法;选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手：1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。
(形容词)He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。
(动词)Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals .小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。
(名词)2、根据上下文联系以及词在句中的搭配关系来选择和确定词义。
He is the last man to come .他是最后来的。
He is the last person for such a job .他最不配干这个工作。
英语习语的翻译
To wash one’s hand
“金盆洗手” 或 “洗手不干” 错! “推卸责任” 或 “断绝关系” 对!
五、英语习语中值得注意的问题
4. 准确理解英语习语, 弄清褒贬之分
It’s an ill wind that blows nobody good “天下无绝对的坏事” 或 “有弊也有利” 看似贬义, 其实是褒义. Birds of a feather flock together “物以类聚” “一丘之貉”
软硬兼施 赚钱养家 糊口 奉承，恭维
小菜一碟
精力充沛
be in apple-pie appleorder Butter would not melt in her mouth. One man’s meat is another man’s poison.
井井有条
装得清白无辜 一本正经
后悔已晚 与某人 有争论 插手， 干预
Hang on somebody’s sleeve To rain cats and dogs Hit the nail on the head A fly on the wheel
To miss the 依赖某人 boat 任某人做主
下倾盆 大雨
In a pig’s eyes
说得中肯， To the tune of 说得中肯， 一语道破 自高自大 的人
扫兴的人 或东西 采取回避 政策
A soldier of fortune
兵痞
Have a bee in one’s bonnet ( 头饰) 头饰) Hang on somebody’s lops To have other fish to fry
胡思乱想
To soil the beans To work hand in glove with
习语的翻译方法
1.To break the record 打破纪录 2.Paper tiger 纸老虎 3.lose face 丢脸 4.running dog 走狗
5.Time is money
时间就是金钱 6. Easy come easy go 来的容易去的快 7.The cold war 冷战 8.Blood is thicker than water 血浓于水 9.Golden age 黄金 时代
英汉两种语言都拥有丰富多彩的习语不同的民族由于人们对待事物的情感态度和语不同的民族由于人们对待事物的情感态度和社会相类似也就必然会产生一些具有相同的意义和修辞色彩完相类似也就必然会产生一些具有相同的意义和修辞色彩完社会经历经历全相同或大体相同的习语全相同或大体相同的习语?wallshaveears?隔墙有耳?tobeinthesameboat?同舟共济?oneboyisaboytwoboyshalfaboythreeboysnoboys
（五）注释法： 在英汉习语中有一些源于历史典故。如果 直译,则很难理解;如果意译,则不能保持原文的特色。为了 解决这两方面的问题,给译文加注释是一种有效的方法。
1.Apple of discord 不和的金苹果——引起仇恨争吵的祸根 2.Achilles‘ heel 阿喀琉斯的脚后跟——致命的弱点 3.Sour grapes 酸葡萄——相当于阿Q精神 4.Climb a tree to catch fish——a fruitless approach. 缘木求鱼
The end
很不自在
3.To break the ice 打破沉默 4.Born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth 生长在富贵之家
• • •
英汉习语翻译策略
Cultural Default Reflected in Proverb T ranslation between English and Chineseand the Compensation StrategiesAbsrtact:Proverbs are the accumulation of human’s experience and wisdom. Different proverbs transmit different cultural information. If those cultural elements are not taken into consideration in the process of translation, cultural misunderstanding or cultural loss would arise. To deal with the cultural default in Chinese and English proverb translation, the author puts forward some compensation strategies.Key Words: Proverb Translation; Cultural Default; Compensation StrategyI. IntroductionProverbs are the crystals of human intelligence and experience. They do not only reflect human civilization but also enrich human life and make language more colorful. They are culturally influenced, thus bringing up difficulties in translation. As different nations have different cultures, whose uniqueness inevitably bring certain communication barriers between different countries and regions. Those differences may sometimes be culturally-specific, which means that what belongs to one culture may be vacant in another culture. This usually results in cultural vacuum, or in other words, cultural default. The translation between Chinese and English proverbs is affected greatly by the cultural elements of Chinese and English-speaking countries. Therefore, it is of great importance to find some compensation strategies to deal with the cultural default during the process of translation. Cultural default, if well handled, can improve the effectiveness of translation and enhance the communication.II. Cultural Default in Proverb Translation1. Definition and Current Studies of Cultural DefaultCultural default is a common phenomenon in communication, either in written texts or in colloquial form, and it has been attracting the attention of many scholars in recent years. Wang Dongfeng (2000: 234) defines it as “absence of relevant cultural background knowledge shared by the author and his intendedreader”. Wang Dalai (2004: 69) defines default specifically into three categories: Situational Default; Contextual Default and Cultural Default. He also puts forward his theories on cultural default and its compensational strategies. In his view, the principle for compensating cultural default in translation is to make the readers enjoy their process of probing cultures. Cultural default in proverbs is obvious or already-known to the language users, but it can always create a sense of vacuum for the outsiders because of the pote ntial discontinuity in translators’ interpretation. Li Jiachun and Cui Changliang (2007) express their views on cultural defaults and the strategies of cultural compensation in intercultural communication, in which they propose three strategies on compensating cultural defaults: domestication strategy, foreignization strategy and combined use of these two strategies.2. Classification of Cultural DefaultCultural default is a culture-specific phenomenon in communication. What is easy and obvious to the source language (abbreviated as SL) reader in the form of cultural default is often inconspicuous and opaque to the target language (abbreviated as TL) reader. The unavoidable existence of cultural default embedded in the source text and its function will force us to face the fact that the source proverbs can not reflect the translated language’s flavor. So,in the process of translation, cultural default poses a big problem to the translator. In order to deepen the study of cultural default, it is necessary for us to divide it into different categories or types. In the thesis the author makes a general classification of cultural default reflected in proverbs as follows:2.1 LegendsLegends of ancient Greek and Rome have been exerting enormous influence on western culture, and people who come from western culture are quite familiar with most of those legends. However, those stories from legends are often treated as default elements because other readers are not familiar with them. Likewise, people from other cultures may be at a loss when they first come across Chinese proverbs. Take the Chinesefamous legendary proverb“狗咬吕洞宾，不识好人心”for example. Y ang Xianyi(2003) translates it as “Y ou ungrateful thing! Like dog that bit Lu Dongbin----you bite the hand that feeds you.” If it is translated as “A dog that bites on Lv Dongbin can not distinguish a good person’s heart from a bad person’s heart”,the foreign readers will be confused for it fails to carry the underlying meaning to readers but adds bewilderment to foreign readers. Such proverbs are cultural proverbs; they were born and grow with a particular legendary story. Native readers would understand them without any difficulties, but target readers may not know them. So translating this kind of proverbs usually needs to add the background story to the translated text.2. 2 Historical EventsThere are such different genres of story that were inherited from ancient times, such as myths, fables, folklores, legends, etc. Ancient stories that happened in history are also another group. Culture abounds with colorful stories. They have been passed down from generation to generation and have nourished the culture to which they belong for centuries. The English proverb “somebody meets his Waterloo’s battle”is quite familiar to westerners, which can be translated into Chinese as“遭遇滑铁卢，遭受致命的失败”. However, many Chinese don’t know much about what happened in Waterloo, so it is necessary to introduce the background knowledge of this proverb. Napoleon, the great French revolutionary general and also a dictator, was heavily defeated by Anglo-Prussian alliances at waterloo in Belgium on June 18th, 1815, which marked the start of his decline and collapse. Since then he was unable to restore his army from failure. Ever since this event, people use“meet one’s waterloo” to mean one encounters failures or gets defeated by others. A Chinese reader can not understand this phrase as it is so closely connected with the historic events that happened in French history. In this sense, the proverb “meet one’s waterloo” is an example of cultural default resulting from historic events.2.3 Religious StoriesReligious culture is an important part of a nation's culture, which includes the nation's religious beliefand ideology. Buddhism and Taoism have great influence on Chinese people while Christianity has a great effect on the western world. When people from Chinese culture get into trouble, they will talk to Buddha and ask him for help and utter “Gracious Buddha”.In English-speaking countries, Christ is worshipped by millions of people and the basic concepts of Christianity are criteria for an individual's behaviors.To some extent, Bible can be called the guide book for westerners. Westerners will exclaim “God bless you” or “God bless my soul” when they express their regards or pray.As for proverbs that have distinct Chinese color, they are often influenced by Buddhism and Taoism. Therefore, there are a lot of expressions related to Buddhism and Taoism in Chinese proverbs, which are usually treated as culturaldefault elements. Take the Chinese proverb“闲时不烧香，临时抱佛脚”(Zheng Xunlie,1985:214）for example. We translate it literally as “clasp the feet of Buddha”. The proverb means that when someone gets stuck into a difficult situation caused by lack of preparation, he looks for help at the last critical moment. In ancient China, when Buhhdism was very popular in the Nan Dynasty, it is said any criminal who was to embrace Buddha's feet and prayed for help would be pardoned.“抱佛脚”if translated literally, does not make sense to the TL reader. Thus as translators, whoever translates this proverb should adopt a skillful translation approach, and should point out the default meaning and let the TL readers understand the specific Chinese cultural meaning in it.2.4 Literary WorksMany proverbs in literary works, when translated, reflect cultural default. There is a proverb taken from Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre: “Conventionality is not morality. Self-righteousness is not religion. To attack the first is not to assail the last. To pluck the mask from the face of the Pharisee is not to lift an impious hand to the Crown of Thorns.” Guo Jianzhong (2000:244) translates it into Chinese as “惯例不是道德, 自作正经不是宗教。
英汉习语的翻译策略
英汉习语的翻译策略[摘要]本文主要阐明了习语的四种翻译策略即直译，意译，借用，注释。
总之，在翻译汉英习语时，只有了解中英两民族的文化特色，并掌握必要的翻译策略与技巧，才能准确地进行习语的翻译。
[关键词]习语直译借用注释习语是语言中形式和意义固定的词组和句子，是民族特色和各种修辞手段的集中表现，包括成语，谚语，典故，歇后语等。
习语是文化与语言的积累和结晶，它能充分体现出某一民族的历史和文化，是一种语言的核心和精华。
习语有着极强的表现力，且内涵十分丰富，故翻译起来难度极大。
翻译是两种语言之间的转换，而语言和文化的紧密关系要求在语言转换中必须进行文化的转换。
鉴于此，译者不能只作字面上的直译，必须深入了解字面背后的文化信息，用原作语言及文化知识理解原作，以自己的理解为依据，用另一种对等语言即译语进行各种转换，为译文读者传递原文精确信息，按“功能对等”原则让“读者同等反映”。
因此, 习语翻译一方面要尽量将原文的意思用“最贴切、最自然的对等语再现出来”, 用奈达的话说, 即是“the best translation does no t sound like a translation”; 另一方面, 还要尽力将原文的文化信息展现于译文读者面前, 使其了解到原文所包含的文化信息。
一般说来，习语的常见翻译法主要有4种：直译法、意译法、借用法、注释法。
下面我们分别谈谈每种译法的具体思路。
一、直译法直译，指在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起错误联想的条件下，在译文中保留原习语的民族色彩、语言风格和比喻形象的方法。
例如：鱼目混珠—pass fish eye for pearls摊出最后一张牌—play one’s last card像狐狸一样狡猾—as cunning as a fox类似这样的习语译文，读者只要用心体会一下，就会明白其隐含意义，不但保留了原文的形象，而且增加了阅读的趣味二、意译法意译法指在充分理解原习语的基础上，舍弃其中陌生难懂的比喻形象而采用的一种方法。
单元总结unit7-习语的翻译方法
本单元要解决的翻译问题1.习语的翻译方法有哪些？2.习语的起源有？3.直译、意译、套译、释义的比较。
4.跨文化语境演讲中引用的谚语，涉及的翻译方法又是什么？5.本单元需要熟记的经典译例是？1、习语的翻译方法：直译法，套译法，意译法，释义法。
直译法：在译文语言条件许可时，在译文中既保持原文的内容，又保持原文的形式-特别指保持原文的比喻，形象和民族地方色彩等。
例如：Knowledge is power. （知识就是力量。
）Time is money. (时间就是金钱。
)Life is short and time is swift.（人生苦短，岁月易逝。
）The eye is the window of the mind.（眼睛是心灵的窗户。
）套译法：用译文语言里的同义习语去套译原文中的习语。
例如：An idle youth,a needy age.(少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。
)赔了夫人又折兵。
（Throw good money after bad.）意译法:用译语常用的语言和熟悉的形象来翻译英语谚语其特有的民族文化，因此其表达方式和汉语有着某些差异。
当原文的意思内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采取直译法处理，或用直译法处理会给读者带来歧义时，就应采用意译法。
例如：When Greek meets Greek, then comes the tug of war. (两雄相遇，必有一争。
)Every bean has it’s black. (凡人各有其短处。
)A new broom sweeps clean. （新官上任三把火。
）释义法：以忠实通顺地表达原习语的思想，内容意义为目的，采用解释说明手法，按语义，修辞或句法的需要，增加一些解释说明的词。
补充完善原习语的意思，以表达原习语在上下文中的涵义。
例如：To meet one’s Waterloo.遭遇滑铁卢（遭到惨败）前怕狼后怕虎。
Fear the wolf in fromt and the tiger behind(hesitate in doing sth.)2、习语的起源From daily experience;From myths,legends and tales;From literary works;From history.3、直译、意译、套译、释义的比较有些英语谚语意在言外，语言含蓄，寓意深刻。
浅谈用套译法翻译习语的策略
浅谈用套译法翻译习语的策略摘要：习语大多短小精悍、言简意赅、生动形象、通俗易懂，是广大人民所喜闻乐见的一种形象化的语言，不仅具有浓郁的民族和地方色彩，还集中体现了语言中的各种修辞手法。
在翻译中，套译法翻译习语是切合实际的一种翻译方法。
关键词：套译法；习语；习语翻译；策略习语是一个民族经过长期使用而定型化的，它具有含义精辟、形象鲜明、表达生动等特点。
它不仅反映了一个民族、文化特色，更是该语言修饰方法的集中表现。
由于其民族特色突出，相当都分习语为某一语言所特有，这就给翻译带来很大困难，曾有人持习语不可译之观点。
但文化在各具特色的同时，又具有普遍性，只要把握以内容为前提、兼顾形式的原则，同样可以译出既能为译入语读者所理解，又不失其民族特点的译文。
由于习语翻译的好坏直接影响译文的质量，翻译过程中必须注意不同民族语言的差异，避免死译、硬译。
翻译需要表达原文地内容。
一、概述1.习语（idiom）的定义习语是在语言发展过程中，人们经过长期的社会实践提炼出来的一些固定的短语或短句，是语言的精华，是人们智慧的结晶。
习语在广义上是总称词，包括成语、熟语、谚语、警句、俗语、格言等。
习语在狭义上指那种字面意义不同于实际意义的词组或句子，如: I am all ears.。
这句话的字面意义应理解为“我浑身都是耳朵”。
但是真正含义近似于汉语“我洗耳恭听”。
[1]《朗文词典》对idiom的定义是：a group of words that has a special meaning that is different from the ordinary meaning of each separate word. For example, 'under the weather' is an idiom meaning 'ill'.（”具有特殊意义的词组，词组意义不同于各个词的普通意义的组合，如‘在天气下’是一个习语，意义为‘生病’”。
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英语习语的翻译策略
摘要：英语习语源远流长，其来源与宗教信仰、社会生活、风俗习惯息息相关。
与此同时，习语的翻译是我们学习了解西方文化，寻求中西文化中的相似与不同的一个重要途径。
本文就英语习语的来源与翻译策略做了简单的探究。
关键词：英语习语；来源翻译策略
中图分类号：G633.41 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1672-1578（2014）
07-0016-01
为了更好地了解西方文化，丰富汉语言知识，英语习语的翻译也是我们探讨了解的一个重要方面。
下面简单探讨一下我们日常翻译中经常会用到的几种翻译方法。
1.直译法
1.1 直译法主要用于翻译那类平铺直叙的、既无很深含义又无难解典故的、用词与搭配相对固定的英语习语。
因为对这类习语采取直译法，既能较完整地保存原文的表达方式，又可体现我们自己的语言文化特色。
例如：Knit one's brow. 皱眉头
Laugh in somebody's face. 当面嘲笑
Lay something to heart. 把某事放在心上
Have pity on sb. 同情某人
A cat has nine lives. 猫有九命。
Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。
Barking dogs do not bite. 吠犬不咬人。
A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔。
Money is the root of all evil. 金钱是万恶之源。
1.2 英语中另有一类习语，看上去有相当明显的比喻意义，但其中也有一定的历史或神话典故，不过由于使用范围广、历史也悠久，其字面意义和比喻意义早已经被中国读者所接受，对于这类英语习语，我们也可采取直译法。
例如：
An olive branch. 橄榄树枝——象征和平
The Trojan horse. 特洛伊木马——比喻暗藏的敌人或危险
The heel of Achilles. 阿基里斯的脚踵——比喻致命的弱点
The sword of Damocles. 达摩克里斯头顶上的剑——比喻危险的局势
A Judas' kiss. 犹大之吻——比喻背叛行为
Tower of ivory. 象牙之塔——比喻世外桃源
Sour grapes. 酸葡萄——相当于阿Q精神
Sphinx？ s riddle. 斯芬克斯之谜——比喻难解之谜
Crocodile tears. 鳄鱼眼泪——比喻假慈悲
New wine in old bottles. 旧瓶装新酒——比喻旧形式不适合新内容
2.汉语习语套用法
2.1 某些英语习语和汉语习语在表现形式和含义方面一致，或基本一致，翻译这些习语时，可借用与其喻义相同或相近的汉语成语、谚语或俗语直接对译。
这样既可较好地保持原文的压韵和形式，又可使听者或读者易于理解和接受。
例如：
Enough is as good as a feast. 知足常乐
Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁
To fish in troubled water. 浑水摸鱼
To be on thin ice. 如履薄冰
Burn the boat. 破釜沉舟
Castle in the air. 空中楼阁
A bolt from the blue. 晴天霹雳
2.2 有些英语习语虽然在语言习惯和文化背景方面与其相对的汉语习语之间存在差异，比喻的事物也不相同，但它们的喻义相互比较吻合，表达方式也比较相似，翻译这些英语习语时，我们也可以套用形象近似的汉语习语，以使译文既喻义明显，又可再现原文所具有的语言效果，容易达意。
例如：Speak of the devil and he appears. 说曹操，曹操到
Put the cart before the horse. 本未倒置
Call a spade a spade. 直言不讳
By the skin of one's teeth. 九死一生
Have an axe to grind. 别有用心
A drop in the ocean. 沧海一粟
To laugh off one？s head. 笑掉牙齿
To spend money like water. 挥金如土
2.3 某些英语习语意在言外，语意含蓄，寓意深刻，若直译则不能完全表达其意思，又有损于原文的语言形象和丰富内涵。
因此，在翻译时，我们可以在汉语中寻找那些与原文喻义相同或效果相似的成语、谚语或俗语来表达，这样则会使译文形象更生动，达意更准确。
例如：
People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.责人必先责己
In fair weather， prepare for the foul. 居安思危，未雨绸缪
Murder will out. 纸包不住火
Fools rush in where angles fear to tread. 初生牛犊不怕虎
One can？t make an omelet without breaking eggs.有得必有失，不破则不立
3.意译法
英语中有一部分习语，由于文化背景的缘故，我们用直译法根本无法传达原文的信息，所以在翻译这类习语时我们就要仔细在汉语言文化中寻找对应的表达方式，有时还要配合英语上下文的含义，作些必要的转化，进而用恰当的汉语意思把英语习语的含义表达出来，这就是所谓的意译法。
例如：Cats？ paw. 被别人当作工具或爪牙利用的人
No respecter of person. 一视同仁
Rain cats and dogs. 大雨倾盆
Viper and File. 骗人者反受人骗
Swan song. 最后作品
A feather in your cap. 值得荣耀的事，荣誉
The apple of discord. 争斗的原因或根源
In a pigs？ whisper. 低声地，顷刻间
Draw blood. 伤人感情，惹人生气
Hang on somebody？s lips. 对某人言听计从
Blow hot and cold. 朝三暮四
Look before you leap. 三思而后行
英语习语来源于不同历史文化背景，丰富多彩，比喻贴切，描绘人的内心世界，展示人的聪明才智，揭示自然规律，多方位、多视角传播人类文明。
因此，理解习语要充分把握其来源。
由于不同的文化背景和民族心理，看似与汉语词义
相近的英语习语，其心理联想却不一样。
因此，翻译时要根据其特征，对特定语境中的意义加以分析，灵活地选词择句，寻求最佳的语言表达方式。