英语词汇复习

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高考英语常见个高频词汇高考复习

高考英语常见个高频词汇高考复习

高考英语600个高频词汇vt. 加速,促进a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的vt. 运输,运送 n. 运输,运输工具a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的a. 温柔的;脆弱的n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)a. 无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的n. 出口(物) v. 出口,输出10. import n. 进口(物) v. 进口,输入11. impose vt. 把...加强(on);采用,利用12. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰vi./n. 突然发生,爆裂vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸,炸掉v. 消耗,耗尽v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃v. 溢出,溅出,倒出20. extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的v. 滑动,滑落 n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片n. 细菌n. 种,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔n. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排n. 候选人n. 校园v. 转变,变革;变换v. 传播,播送;传递v. 移植v. 转移;转动;转变v. 变化,改变;使多样化vi. 消灭,不见v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子n. 怀疑,疑心a. 怀疑的,可疑的n. 分界线,边界n. 目录(册) v. 编目a. 模糊的,不明确的n. 徒劳,白费a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精 n./vi. 呼吁,恳求vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏v. 赞成,同意,批准vt. 刺激,激励vt. 取得,获得;学到vt .完成,到达;实行n. 网状物;广播网,电视网;网络n. 潮汐;潮流vi. 漫游,闲逛n. 蜡v. 织,编v. 保护,保存,保持,维持55. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂56. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的57. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会58. battery n. 电池(组)59. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏60. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物61. career n. 生涯,职业62. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管63. vertical a. 垂直的64. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊65. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度66. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的67. petrol n. 汽油68. petroleum n. 石油69. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁70. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽71. decent a. 像样的,体面的74. sake n. 缘故,理由75. satellite n. 卫星76. temple n. 庙宇77. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的,78. tend vi.易于,趋向79. tendency n.趋向,趋势80. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的 n. 极端81. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳82. adapt vi. 适应,适合;改编,改写 vt. 使适应83. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉84. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的85. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉86. vacant a. 空的,未占用的87. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器88. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的89. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学90. organ n. 器官,风琴91. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩92. expel v. 驱逐,开除,赶出93. expend v. 消费94. expenditure n. 支出,消费;经费95. expense n. 开销,费用96. expensive a. 花钱多的;价格高贵的97. private a. 私人的,个人的98. individual a. 个别的,单独的 n. 个人,个体99. personal a. 个人的,私人的;亲自的100. personnel n. [总称]人员,员工;人事部门101. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋102. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋103. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋104. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋105. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予106. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的107. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭108. acid n. 酸,酸性物质 a. 酸的;尖刻的109. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢110. balcony n. 阳台111. calculate vt. 计算,核算112. calendar n. 日历,月历113. optimistic a. 乐观114. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制的115. outstanding a. 杰出的,突出的,显著的116. religious a. 宗教的117. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者119. videotape n. 录像磁带 v. 把...录在录像带上120. offend v. 冒犯,触犯121. bother v. 打搅,麻烦122. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍123. internal a. 内部的,国内的124. beforehand ad. 预先,事先125. racial a. 人种的种族的126. radiation n. 放射物,辐射127. radical a.根本的;激进的128. range n. 幅度,范围 v. (在某范围内)变动129. wonder n. 惊奇,奇迹 v. 想知道,对...感到疑惑130. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立131. issue n. 问题,争论点;发行,(报刊)一期132. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道133. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住134. adequate a. 适当地;足够135. adhere vi. 粘附,附着;遵守,坚持136. ban vt. 取缔,禁止137. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获138. valid a. 有效的,有根据的;正当的139. valley n. 山谷,峡谷140. consistent a. 坚固定;一致的,始终如一的141. continuous a. 继续的,连续(不断)的142. continual a. 不断地,频繁的143. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增144. exploit v. 剥削;利用,开采145. explore v. 勘探146. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增147. explosive a. 爆炸的;极易引起争论的148. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的149. removal n. 除去,消除150. render vt. 使得,致使151. render vt.呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施vi.给予补偿n.交纳, 粉刷, 打底152. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕153. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的154. identify vt. 认出,鉴定155. identify n. 身份;个性,特性156. poverty n. 贫穷157. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的158. resolve vt. 解决;决定,决意159. barrel n. 桶160. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价161. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的162. coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车163. code n. 准则,法规,密码164. coil n. 线圈 v. 卷,盘绕166. advertise v. 为...做广告167. advertisement n. 广告168. agency n. 代理商,经销商170. forbid vt. 不许,禁止171. debate n./v. 辩论,争论172. debt n. 欠债173. decade n. 十年174. enclose vt. 围住;把...装入信封175. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到176. globe n. 地球,世界;地球仪178. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览179. scandal n. 丑事,丑闻180. significance n. 意义;重要性181. subsequent a. 随后的,后来的182. virtue n. 美德,优点183. virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的184. orient vt. 使适应,(to,toward)使朝向 n. 东方185. portion n. 一部分186. target n. 目标,靶子 vt. 瞄准187. portable a. 手提式的188. decline v. 拒绝,谢绝;下降189. illusion n. 错觉190. likelihood n. 可能,可能性191. stripe n. 条纹192. emphasize vt. 强调,着重193. emotion n. 情感,感情194. emotional a. 感情的,情绪(上)的195. awful a. 极坏的,威严的,可怕的196. awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的197. clue n. 线索,提示198. collision n. 碰撞,冲突199. device n. 装置,设备200. devise vt. 发明,策划,想出211. inevitable a. 不可避免的212. naval a. 海军的213. navigation n. 航行214. necessity n. 必需品;必要性215. previous a. 先,前,以前的216. provision n. [pl.]给养,口粮;准备,设备,装置217. pursue vt. 追逐;追求;从事,进行218. stale a. 不新鲜的,陈腐的219. substitute n. 代用品 vt. 代替220. deserve vt. 应受,应得,值得221. discrimination n. 歧视;辨别力222. professional a. 职业的,专门的223. nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不过224. neutral a. 中立的,中性的225. spot n. 地点;斑点 vt. 认出,发现;玷污226. secure a. 安全的,可靠的227. security n. 安全,保障228. scratch v./n. 抓,搔,扒229. talent n. 才能,天资;人才230. insurance n. 保险,保险费231. insure vt. 给...保险,保证,确保232. spray v. 喷,(使)溅散233. medium a. 中等的,适中的 n. 媒介物,新闻媒介234. media n. 新闻传媒235. auxiliary a. 辅助的,备用的236. automatic a. 自动的237. compete vi. 竞争,比赛238. competent a. 有能力的,能胜任的240. distribute vt. 分发241. disturb vt. 打搅,妨碍242. infer v. 推论,推断243. integrate v.(使)成为一体,(使)合并244. moist a. 潮湿245. moisture n. 潮湿246. promote vt. 促进;提升247. region n. 地区;范围;幅度248. register v./n.登记,注册249. stable a. 稳定的250. sophisticated a. 老于世故的,老练的;很复杂的251. splendid a. 极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的252. cancel vt. 取消,废除253. variable a. 易变的,可变的254. prospect n. 前景,前途;景象255. prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣256. aspect n. 方面;朝向;面貌257. cope vi. (with)(成功地)应付,处理258. core n. 果心,核心259. maintain vt. 维持,保持;坚持,主张260. mainland n. 大陆261. discipline n. 纪律;惩罚;学科262. domestic a. 本国的,国内的;家用的;家庭的263. constant a. 不变的,恒定的 n. 常数264. cliff n. 悬崖,峭壁265. authority n. 权威;当局266. audio a. 听觉267. attitude n. 态度268. community n. 社区,社会269. commit vt.犯(错误,罪行等),干(坏事等)270. comment n./vt. 评论271. distinguish vt. 区分,辨别272. distress n. 痛苦,悲伤 vt. 使痛苦273. facility n. [pl.] 设备,设施;便利,方便274. faculty n.能力,技能;系,学科/院;全体教员275. mixture n. 混合,混合物276. mood n. 心情,情绪;语气277. moral a. 道德上的,有道德的278. prominent a. 突出的279. substance n. 物质;实质280. substantial a. 可观的;牢固的;实质的281. prompt vt. 促使 a. 敏捷的,及时的283. waist n. 腰,腰部284. weld v./n. 焊接285. yawn vi. 打哈欠286. yield vi. (to)屈服于;让出,放弃 n. 产量287. zone n. 地区,区域288. strategy n. 战略,策略289. strategic a. 战略(上)的,关键的290. tense a. 紧张的 v. 拉紧 n. 时态291. tension n. 紧张(状态),张力292. avenue n. 林荫道,大街293. available a. 现成可用的;可得到的294. comparable a. (with,to)可比较的,类似的295. comparative a. 比较的,相对的296. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔297. data n. 数据,资料298. dive vi. 跳水,潜水299. diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的300. entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格301. regulate vt. 管理,调节302. release vt./n. 释放,排放;解释解脱303. exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张304. evil a. 邪恶的,坏的305. shrink vi. 起皱,收缩;退缩306. subtract v. 减(去)307. suburb n. 市郊308. subway n. 地铁309. survey n./vt. 调查,勘测310. wealthy a. 富裕的311. adjust v. 调整,调节312. attach vt. 系,贴;使附属313. profit n. 利润,益处;v. 有益于,有利于314. profitable a. 有利可图的315. slope n. 斜坡,斜面316. reinforce vt. 增强,加强317. reject vt. 拒绝318. fatal a. 致命的;重大的319. fate n. 命运320. humble a. 谦逊的;谦虚的321. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的322. award vt. 授予,判给 n. 奖品,奖金323. aware a. 意识到324. column n. 柱,圆柱;栏,专栏325. comedy n. 喜剧326. dumb a. 哑的;沉默的327. dump vt. 倾卸,倾倒328. deaf a. 聋的;不愿听的329. decorate vt. 装饰,装璜330. principal a. 最重要的 n. 负责人,校长331. vocabulary n. 词汇(量);词汇表332. venture n. 风险投资,风险项目 v. 冒险;取于333. version n. 版本,译本;说法334. principle n. 原则,原理335. prior a. 优先的,在前的336. priority n. 优先,重点337. prohibit vt. 禁止,不准338. remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的,非凡的339. remedy n./vt. 补救,医治,治疗340. repetition n. 重复,反复341. vain a. 徒劳的,无效的342. undertake vt. 承担,着手做;同意,答应343. unique a. 唯一的,独特的344. obstacle n. 障碍(物),妨碍345. odd a. 奇特的,古怪的;奇数的346. omit vt. 省略348. opponent n. 敌手,对手350. orchestra n. 管弦乐队351. semester n. 学期;半年352. semiconductor n. 半导体353. seminar n. 研讨会354. terminal a. 末端的,极限的 n. 终点355. territory n. 领土356. approximate a. 大概的,大约 v. 近似357. arbitrary a. 随意的,未断的358. architect n. 建筑师359. architecture n. 建筑学360. biology n. 生物学361. geography n. 地理(学)362. geology n. 地质学363. geometry n. 几何(学)364. arithmetic n. 算术365. algebra n. 代数366. entertainment n. 娱乐;招待,款待367. enthusiasm n. 热情,热心368. entry n. 进入,入口处;参赛的人(或物)369. environment n. 环境370. episode n. 插曲,片段371. equation n. 方程(式)372. restrain vt. 阻止,抑制373. restraint n. 抑制,限制374. resume v. (中断后)重新开始375. severe a. 严重的376. sexual a. 性的377. simplicity n. 简单;朴素379. sorrow n. 悲哀,悲痛380. stuff n. 原料,材料 vt. 填进,塞满381. temporary a. 暂时的,临时的382. temptation n. 诱惑,引诱383. terror n. 恐怖384. thrust v. 挤,推,插385. treaty n. 条约,协定386. arise vi. 产生,出现,发生;起身387. arouse vt. 引起,激起;唤醒388. burden n. 重担,负荷389. bureau n. 局,办事处390 marvelous a. 奇迹般的,惊人的391. massive a. 大的,大量的,大块的392. mature a. 成熟的393. maximum a. 最高的,最大的394. minimum a. 最低的,最小的395. nonsense n. 胡说,冒失的行动396. nuclear a. 核子的,核能的397. nucleus n. 核398. retail n./v./ad. 零售399. retain vt. 保留,保持400. restrict vt. 限制,约束401. sponsor n. 发起者,主办者 vt. 发起,主办,资助402. spur n./vt. 刺激,激励403. triumph n. 胜利,成功404. tuition n. 学费405. twist vt. 使缠绕;转动;扭歪406. undergraduate n. 大学肄业生407. universal a. 普遍的,通用的;宇宙的408. universe n. 宇宙409. via prep. 经由,经过,通过410. vibrate v. 振动,摇摆411. virus n. 病毒412. voluntary a. 自愿的413. volunteer n. 志愿者 v. 自愿(做)414. vote v. 选举 n. 选票415. wagon n. 四轮马车,铁路货车416. appoint vt. 任命,委派417. approach v. 靠近,接近 n. 途径,方式418. appropriate a. 适当的419. bunch n. 群,伙;束,串420. bundle n. 捆,包,束 vt. 收集,归拢422. chaos n. 混乱,紊乱423. discount n. (价格)折扣424. display n./vt. 陈列,展览425. equivalent a. 相等的 a. 相等物426. erect a. 竖直的 v. 建造,竖立427. fax n./vt. 传真428. fertile a. 肥沃的;多产的429. fertilizer n. 肥料431. horror n. 恐怖432. horrible a. 可怕的433. Internet n. 国际互联网,因特网434. interpret v. 翻译,解释435. interpretation n. 解释,说明436. leak v. 漏,渗出437. lean vi. 倾斜,倚,靠438. leap vi. 跳跃439 modify vt. 修改440. nylon n. 尼龙441. onion n. 洋葱442. powder n. 粉末443. applicable a. 可应用的,适当的444. applicant n. 申请人445. breadth n. 宽度446. conservation n. 保存,保护447. conservative a. 保守的448. parallel n. 平行线;可相比拟的事物449. passion n. 激情,热情450. passive a. 被动的,消极的451. pat v./n. 轻拍,轻打452. peak n. 山峰,顶点453. phenomenon n. 现象454. reluctant a. 不情愿的,勉强的455. rely vi. (on ,upon)依赖,指望456. relevant a. 有关的,切题的457. reliable a. 可靠的458. relief n. 轻松,宽慰;减轻459. reputation n. 名气,声誉460. rescue vt./n. 营救461. triangle n. 三角(形)462. sequence n. 连续;顺序463. shallow a. 浅的464. shiver vi/n. 发抖465. signature n. 签名466. sincere a. 诚挚的,真诚的467. utility n. 功用,效用468. utilize vt. 利用469. utter vt. 说出 a. 完全的,彻底的470. variation n. 变化,变动471. vehicle n. 交通工具,车辆472. applause n. 鼓掌,掌声473. jungle n. 丛林,密林474. knot n. 结 vt. 把...打成结475. appliance n. 器具,器械476. consent n. 准许,同意 vi (to)准许,同意477. conquer vt. 征服478. defect n. 缺点,缺陷479. delicate a. 易碎的;娇弱的;精美的480. evolve v.演变481. evolution n. 演变,进化482. frown v./n. 皱眉483. frustrate vt. 使沮丧484. guarantee vt./n. 保证485. guilty a. 内疚的;有罪的486. jealous a. 妒忌的487. jeans n. 牛仔裤488. liquor n. 酒,烈性酒litre n. 升490. modest a. 谦虚道491. molecule n. 分子492. orbit n. 轨道 v. (绕...)作轨道运行493. participate v. (in)参与,参加494. particle n. 微粒495. particularly ad. 特别,尤其496. respond vi. 回答,答复;反应497. sensible a. 明智的498. sensitive a. 敏感到,灵敏的499. tremble vi. 颤抖500. trial n. 审讯;试验501. apparent a. 显然的,明白的502. appetite n. 胃口;欲望503. deposit n. 存款,定金 v.存放,储蓄504. deputy n. 副职,代表505. derive vt. 取得,得到;(from)起源于506. descend v. 下来,下降507. missile n. 导弹508. mission n. 使命;代表团509. mist n.薄雾510. noticeable a. 显而易见到511. notify vt. 通知,告知512. notion n. 概念;意图,想法513. resemble vt. 像,类似于514. reveal vt. 揭露515. revenue n. 收入,岁入;税收516. shelter n. 掩蔽处;住所517. shield n. 防护物,盾 vt. 保护,防护518. vital a. 重要的;致命的,生命的519. vitally ad. 极度,非常;致命地520. urban a. 城市的521. urge vt. 鼓励,激励522. urgent a. 急迫的,紧急得523. usage n. 使用,用法524. violence n. 强力,暴力525. violent a. 强暴的526. welfare n. 福利527. whatsoever ad. (用于否定句)任何528. whereas conj. 然而,但是,尽管529. essential a. 必不可少的;本质的530. estimate n./vt. 估计,估量531. evaluate vt. 评估,评价532. exceed vt. 超过,越出533. exceedingly ad. 非常,极其534. exclaim v. 呼喊,大声说535. exclude vt. 把...排斥在外,不包括536. exclusive a. 读有的,排他的537. flee vi. 逃走538. flexible a. 易弯曲的539. flock n. 羊群,(鸟兽等)一群;一伙人540. hardware n. 五金器具541. harmony n. 和谐,融洽542. haste n. 急速,急忙543. hatred n. 憎恶,憎恨544. incident n. 事件,事变545. index n. 索引,标志546. infant n. 婴儿547. infect v. 传染548. inferior a. 劣等的,次的,下级的549. infinite a. 无限的550. ingredient n. 组成部分551. inhabitant n. 居民552. jail n. 监狱553. jam n. 果酱;拥挤,堵塞554. laser n. 激光555. launch vt. 发动,发起556. luxury n. 奢侈;奢侈品557. magnet n. 磁铁,磁体558. male a. 男性的,雄的559. manual a. 用手的,手工做的 n. 手册560. manufacture vt./n. 制造,加工561. marine a. 海的;海产的562. naked a. 裸露的563. neglect vt. 忽视,忽略564. origin n. 起源,出身565. oval a. 椭圆形的 n. 椭圆形566. presumably ad. 大概,可能567. prevail vi. 流行,盛行568. quit v. 停止569. quotation n. 引文,引语570. recreation n. 娱乐活动571. recruit vt. 招募,吸收(新成员)572. skim vt. 搬(去),掠过;浏览573. slender a. 苗条的,修长的574. theme n. 主题575. textile n. 纺织品576. tropical a. 热带的,炎热的577. kneel vi. 跪578. label n. 标签579. nuisance n. 令人讨厌的东西(或人)580. numerous a. 众多的,许多的581. passport n. 护照582. prescribe vt. 开药,吩咐采用...疗法583. primitive a. 原始的,早期的584. ridge n. 脊,山脊,埂585. rigid a. 严格的;僵硬的586. smash vt. 粉碎,打烂587. software n. 软件588. lunar a. 月的,月球的589. submerge vi. 潜入水中590. tissue n. 组织;薄纱,手巾纸591. motivate vt. 激励,激发592. motive n. 动机,目的593. generate vt. 生成,产生(光、热、电等)594. lest conj. 唯恐,免得595. liable a. 可能的,大概的; (to)易于...的596. liberal a. 自由得597. favorable a. 称赞道;有利的,顺利的599. submit vi.(to)屈服,听从600. timber n. 木材,原木。

词汇学复习

词汇学复习

第一单元英语词汇概说1.词是语音、形态和意义的统一体,音和形是词的物质外壳,意义是词的物质内容。

Word is the combination of pronunciation, morphology and meaning.2.词是在口语和书面语中能独立、自由使用的并具备完整意义的语言最小单位。

Word is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit that can be used on its own in oral and written language.3.词汇(vocabulary, lexicon): collection of words4.词汇是语言(language)的基本要素(语音、语法、词汇)之一。

Pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary5.Active vocabulary(积极性词汇): speaking/writing vocabularyPassive vocabulary(消极性词汇): reading/guessing vocabulary6.词汇学(lexicology): the science of wordsLexicology is the branch of linguistics that investigates, describes and theorizes about vocabulary. 作为语言学的一个分支,词汇学对词汇进行调查研究、描述并予以理论化。

第二、三单元英语基本构词法1.词素(morpheme)是语言中语音和语义的最小结合体。

Morpheme is the minimum unit of meaning.2.构词法(1)词缀法(affixation/derivation派生法)Prefixation 前缀法;Suffixation 后缀法Prefix do not generally change the world-class(词性) of the stem but only modify its meaning.(except “en-”, ”be-”, ”a-”) 三个可以决定词性的前缀Suffix mainly change the word-class ( except “less”)(2)复合法(compounding或composition)→复合词compound(3)转化法(conversion)也叫功能转换法(functional shift)或转移法(transmutation)(4)缩略法(abbreviation或shortening)·截短词clipped wordsapocope截除词尾,aphaeresis 截除词首front and back clipping截除首尾,syncope截除词腰·首字母缩略词initialisms·首字母拼音词acronyms·拼缀词blending e.g. stagflation = stagnation + inflation注:Acronym differ from initialism in that they are pronouncedas words rather than as sequences of letter.(5)逆生法(back formation)e.g. laser为首字母拼音词,因词尾形似后缀-er,则逆生出动词lase。

英语词汇学总结复习资料

英语词汇学总结复习资料

大家请注意:笔记中大多数是以名词解释的形式出现的,这些是绝对的基础,应该一字不漏的背下来。

其实不少简答题也就是几个定义的汇总,再加上个例子就可以拿满分了。

区分两个词的区别,主要还是指明其各自的定义。

第一章Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary1. 词的定义Word —— A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2.声音与意义的关系There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary and conventional. E.g. “woman” means ’Frau’ in German,’Femme’ in French and ’Funv ’in Chinese. On the other hand,the same sound /rait/ can mean right,rite and write,though denoting different things,yet have the same sound.3.读音与拼写不一致的原因The difference between sound and form result from 4 major factors.(At least 80%of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns)a). the internal reason is English alphabet does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language.b). Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spellingc). Influence of the work of scribes/printing freezes the spelling of words in 1500d). Borrowing of foreign language4. 词汇的含义Vocabulary —— Vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect,a given book,a given displine and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history.The general estimate of the present day English vocabulary is over 1 million words.5.词汇的分类的原则Classification of Words—by use frequency,by notion,by originthe English vocabulary consist of words of all kinds. they can be classified by different criteria and for different purpose . words may fall into the word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion , and into native words and borrowed words by origin.基本词汇的特点1). Basic word stock – the foundation of the vocabulary.1.all national character (most important)– natural phenomenamost common things and phenomena of the human body and relationsworld around us names of plants and animals action,size,domain,state numerals,pronouns,prep. ,conj.2. stability– they donate the commonest thing necessary to life,they are like to remain unchanged. Only relative,some are undergoing some changes. But the change is slow.e.g. arrow,bow,chariot,knight – past electricity,machine,car,plane —— now3.productivity– they are mostly root words or monosyllabic words,they can form new words with other roots and affixes.e.g. foot – football,footage,footpath,footer4.polysemy – often possess more than one meaning. Become polysemous.e.g. take to move or carry from one place to another to remove5.collocability– quite a number of set expressions,idiomatic usages,proverbial saying and others基本词汇在英语中的地位和重要性The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language .though words of the basic word stock constitute a small percentage of the English vocabulary ,yet it is the most important part of it .e.g. heart – a change of heart, a heart of goldNon-basic vocabulary ——(例子)1. terminology – technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicinephotoscanning,hepatitis,indigestion,penicillin,algebra,trigonometry,calculus2. jargon– specialized vocabulary in certain professions.Bottom line,ballpark figures,bargaining chips,hold him back,hold him in,paranoid3. slang—— substandard words often used in informal occasionsdough and bread,grass and pot,beaver,smoky,bear,catch,holler,Roger,X-rays,Certain words are labeled slang because of their usage.4. argot – words used by sub-cultured groupscan-opener,dip,persuader cant,jargon ,argot are associated with,or most available to,specific groups of the population.5. dialectal words– only by speakers of the dialectbeauty,chook,cocky,station,auld,build,coo,hame,lough,bog6. archaisms – words no longer in common use or restricted in use. In older poems,legal document and religious writing or speech.7. neologism– newly created words with new meaning e.g. microelectronics,futurology,AIDS,internet,E-mailold meaning acquired new meaning e.g. mouse,monitor2). Content word (notional word)– denote clear notions.Functional word (empty word,form word)– do not have notions of their own,express the relation between notions,words and sentences.a. Content words constitute the main body of the English vocabulary are numerous.Functional words are in a small number.b. Content words are growing.Functional words remain stable.c. Functional words do far more work of expression than content words.3). Native words – are words brought to Britain in the 15 century by the German tribes. Ango-Saxon Words,50,000-60,000What is true of the basic word stock is also true of native world. More are1. neutral in style (not stylistical specific )2. 2.frequent in use (in academic fields and science French,Latin or Greek are used)(usage 70-90%)Borrowed words (loan words,borrowing)– words taken over from foreign language. 80%本族语词在英语中的地位和重要性Native words form the mainstream of the basic word stock and stand at the core of the language .therefore , what is true of the basic word stock is also true of native words.According to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing,we can bring the loan words under 4 classes.1.Denizen s– words borrowed early and now are well assimilated into English language.e.g. port from portus(L)shift,change,shirt,pork cup from cuppa(L)2.Aliens– retained their original pronunciation and spellinge.g. décor(F)blitzkreeg(G)emir,intermez,rowtow,bazaar,rajar,status quo3.translation loans– formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language.1). Word translated according to the meaninge.g. mother tough from lingua maternal(L)black humor from humor noir long time no see,surplus value,master piece2). Words translated according to the sounde.g. kulak from kyrak(Russ)lama from lama(Tib)ketchup tea4. Semantic loans– their meaning are borrowed from another languagee.g. stupid old dump new sassy dream old joy and peace pioneer old explorer/person doing pioneering work new a member of the young pioneer fresh old impertinent,sassy,cheeky 第二章The Development of the English1、Indo-European language family (Europe,the Near East,India)It can be grouped into an Eastern set :Balto –Slavic 、Indo-Iranian、Armenian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic、Italic 、Hellenic、GermanicIn the Eastern set , Armenian and Albanian are each the only modern language respectively,the Balto –Slavic comprises such modern language such as Prussian、Lithuanian、Polish、Czech、Bulgarian、Slovenian、Russian. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian, Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language Sanskrit.In the Western set, Greek is the modern language derived from Hellenic. In the Celtic,we find Scottish, Irish,Welsh, Breton. the five Romance language ,namely, Portuguese,Spanish, French, Italian, Roumanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called Latin. The Germanic family consist of the four Northern European language :Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. Then there is German, Dutch, Flemish and English.2、History (时间,历史事件,特征)1)Old English (450-1150)totally 50,000-60,000 wordsThe 1st people known to inhabit England were Celts,the language was Celtic.The second language was the Latin of the Roman Legions. The Germanic tribes called angles,Saxons and Jutes and their language,Anglo-Saxon dominated and blotted out the Celtic. Now people refer to Anglo-Saxon as old English. At the end of 6th century,the introduction of Christianity has a great impact on the English vocabulary. The common practice was to create new words by combining two native words. In the 9th century,many Scandinavian words came into English. At least 900 words of Scandinavian are in modern English,our daily life and speech.特点:highly inflected language///complex endings or vowel changes (full ending)2)Middle English (1150-1500)English,Latin,FrenchUntil 1066,although there were borrowings from Latin,the influence on English was mainly Germanic. But the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English.By the end of the 13th century,English gradually come back into public areas.Between 1250 and 150 about 9000 words of French origin pouered into English. 75% of them are till in use today.As many as 2500 words of Dutch origin come into English.特点:fewer inflections leveled ending3)Modern English (1500-up to now)early modern English (1500-1700)late modern English(1700-up to now)The Renaissance(the early period),Latin and Greek were recognized as the languages of the West ern world’s great literary heritage.From the 1500’s through the 1700’s ,many writers experimented with words. Over 10000 new words entered the English language .many of these were taken from Latin and Greek .The Industrial Revolution was in the mid-17 century. With the growth of colonization,British tentacles began a stretching out of to every corner of the globe,thus enabling English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.After World War II,many new words have been created to express new ideas,inventions and scientific achievements.More words are created by means of word-formation.thousands and thousands of new words have been entered to express new ideas inventions,and scientific achievements.more words are created by means of word-formation.in modern English,word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language.science and technology terms make up about 45% of new words. words associated with life-style constitute of 24% and social and economic terms amount to over 10% .mention should be made of an opposite process of development i.e. old words falling out if use.特点:ending are almost lost.3. Three main sources new words当代英语词汇发展的现状New words sweep in at a rate much faster than at any other historical period of time .词汇发展的主要原因1).The rapid development of modern science and technology2).Social: economic and political changes3).The influence of other cultures and languages4. Three modes of vocabulary development(英语发展的三个主要方式:创造新词、旧词新意、借用外来语词)1. Creation – the formation of new words by using the existing materials,namely roots,affixes and other elements. (This is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.)2. Semantic change - an old form which take on a new meaning to meet the new need.3. Borrowing – to take in words from other languages.(played a vital role in the development of vocabulary , particularly in earlier times)4. (Reviving archaic or obsolete)French 30%,Latin 8%,Japanese Italian 7%,Spanish 6%,German Greek 5%,Russian Yiddish 4%第三章Word Formation*1. Morpheme(词素) ——A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. (The smallest functional unit in the composition of words.)*2.Morph——A morpheme must be realized by discrete units. These actual spoken minimal carriers of meaning are morphs.3.Monomorphenic words– morphemes are realized by single morphs.4.Allomorph(词素变体)——Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position. Such alternative morphs are allomorphemes. E.g. the morpheme of plurality (-s)has a number if allomorphemes in different sound context,e.g. in cats/s/,in bags/z/,in matches/iz/.5. Free morphemes or Free root —— The morphemes have complete meaning and van be used as free grammatical units in sentences,e.g. cat,walk. They are identical with root words. morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free.6.Bound Morphemes——The morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morphemes to form words,e.g. recollection (re+collect+ion)collect – free morpheme re-and –ion are bound morphemes. (include bound root and affix)Bound morphemes are found in derived words.7.Bound root —— A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root,it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. Take -dict- for example:it conveys the meaning of “say or speak” as a Latin root,but not as a word. With the prefix pre-(=before)we obtain the verb predict meaning “tell beforehand”。

英语词汇复习策略

英语词汇复习策略


为 了在考试 『取得好 的成绩 . 1 ] 考生 必 须在 考试 前 系统 的复 习练 习书 面 表达 平 日可以进 行 类似 的训 练 ,训练时不一定写 整篇作义 . 可 以重点构思一个部分 ,如 开篇 、 结 尾 、 出论 点 、 达 希 望 等 。n以找 提 表 J 不 同类 型的作文进行这种训练 总 之 . 词 汇 复 习 不 要 于 形 对 式, 要落 实到 实处 。 制 定 出详细 要 的复 计 划 。 们 在 一 轮 复 过 程 我 中 . 一些 词或词组进行 了有效的 对 联 系 . 成 了 便 于 记 忆 的具 有 一 定 形 规律性 的知识系统 . 有效 的训缘 学 生 强化记 忆 。 梳理 词 瓠 . 学生 复 埘 习 情 要 及 时 了 解 。对 学 - 复 习 I 在 巾 出现 的 问 题 要 加 以研 究 . 学 生 刘 语 感。 普遍存 在的问题要及 时加 以处理 四 、 于用 英 语 解 释 英 语 词 汇 老师 n 以用带 存空 白的练 习题 去 善 J 月英语 解释英语词 . 】 学生 町 检 学生 的词 复习情 况 . 也町以 以利用 自己原 有 的知识 对新 单词 抽 出部分 同学 的部 分 练 习题 进行 进 行 听 、 、 、 活 动 这 样 用 简 批改。刘 说 读 写 学生取得 的点滴成绩一定 单 的英语解 释单词 . 不但训练 了学 要给予鼓 励。鼓励 町以激发学生学 生 的听力 . 而且不 断巩 复 …的 习英语 的热情 . 鼓励 可以增强学生 单词 ,也使学 生找到 T同 义词 . 克服困难 的决心 。 了 这也 是我们 的一 解 了更 多 的 词 知识 学 生 对 于 教 贯做 法 。总 之 . 词 f 的 复 巾 . 在 r 一 师 所 说 的英 语 能 听 得 懂 . 知 道 了 义 定要挑选好 练习题 。 用科学的方 耍 新 单 词 的 意 思 . 助 于增 强 学 的 法 . 注 重 培 养 学 生 运 n 英 语的 能 有 要 j 信心 。 力 ,耍不斯地挖 掘学生的潜 . 还 五 、 于 写 短 句 善 要注意 和其他学科 的协调 . 要时刻 写句不足简 单的巾译英 . 足 激 励 学 生 的学 习 斗 志 只 有 这 样 . f 尽 垃 用 英语 思 维 . 英 讲 句 型 来 表 学生才能在学 习巾取得理想成绩 用

英语词汇学复习资料

英语词汇学复习资料

英语词汇学复习资料IntroductionEnglihaaglobal1)Morphology(构词学)2)Semantic(语义学)3)Stylitic(语体学)4)Etymology(词源学)3.研究le某icology的两大方法1)Diachronicapproach:历时语言学2)Synchronicapproach:共时语言学Chapter1Le某icologyandbaicconceptofwordandvocabulary1.Word——Awordiaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathaagivenoundandmeaningandyn tacticfunction.2.Thereinologicalrelationhipbetweenoundandmeaningatheymbolic connectionbetweenthemiarbitrary(任意的)andconventional(约定的,俗称的).3.ound&formTheoundhouldbeimilarto/conitentwiththeform,butthereareomeill ogical不合逻辑的andirregularity不规则的1)influencedbyRoman2)Pronunciationchanged3)earlycribe(抄写员)4)borrowing4.Vocabulary——Notonlycanitrefertothetotalnumberofthewordinalanguage,butitcanta ndforalltheworduedinaparticularhitoricalperiod.5.ClaificationofW ordbaicfull/content实义词native/Anglo-Sa某onwordfrequencynotionoriginnonbaic/vocabularyfunctional/empty功能词borrowed/loanCollocability(可搭配性)neutralintyle(中立性)(2)Twofeatureofnativewordfrequentinue1)wordtakenoverfromforeignlanguageareknowaborrowedwordorloan wordorborrowinginimpleterm.2)ItietimatedthatEnglihborrowingconti tute80percentofthemodernEnglihvocabulary3)TheEnglihlanguagehavat debt.Inanydictionaryome80%oftheentrieareborrowed.Chapter2ThedevelopmentoftheEnglihvocabulary1.OldEnglih属于Indo-Europeanlanguagefamily(印欧语系)——Germanic(日耳曼语系),与德语最相似.2.Hitory1)OldEnglih(450-1150)a.Thefirtpeopleknowntoinhabit(居住)EnglandwereCelt,thelanguagewaCeltic(凯尔特语).b.TheecondlanguagewatheLatin(拉丁语)oftheRomanLegion(罗马军队).Romaninvaion→Anglo-Sa某on 三个事件TheintroductionofChri tianity→拉丁文的涌入Vikinginvaion(北欧海盗)andScandinavian斯堪的纳维亚语传入word文档可自由复制编辑2)MiddleEnglih(1150-1500)在英语发展过程在哪个阶段出现三语鼎立的现象?French,Latin,EnglihinMiddleEnglihperiodeael,port,freight,出现于英语发展的哪个阶段,属于哪一种外来词的引入?MiddleEnglih,Dutch(带来了2500个词汇)3)ModernEnglih (1500-uptonow)TheRenaiance(文艺复兴):LatinandGreekwererecognizedathelanguageoftheWeternworld’gr eatliteraryheritage(文化遗产).TheIndutrialRevolution(工业革命):17世纪中期Withthegrowthofcolonization(殖民化),Britihtentacle(魔爪)beganatretchingoutoftoeverycorneroftheglobe,thuenablingEnglihtoaborb(吸收)wordfromallmajorlanguageoftheworld.十六世纪,有一种新工业Printing出现对词汇的发展产生重要的影响,这导致oundandform出现concord(一致)和tandardization第二次世界大战以后,大量外来词进入英语中,如:Maojacket,blackbelt,kongfu标准化Inflectionallanguage屈折语Analyticallanguage分析语TherapiddevelopmentofmoderncienceandtechnologySocial,economi candpoliticalchangeTheinfluenceofothercultureandlanguageThreemodeofvocabularyde velopmentChapter3ThetructureofEnglihwordword.)Free→cantandaloneaaword/independentofothermorphemeTypeprefi某ation前缀Le某ical→derivational→affi某ationBound→addedtoothermorphemeuffi某ation后缀Grammatical→inflectional2.Morph——Amorphememutberealizedbydicrete(离散的)unit.Theeactualpokenminimalcarrierofmeaningaremorph.Monomorpheni cword——morphemearerealizedbyinglemorph.Allomorph(词素变体)——Somemorphemearerealizedbymorethanonemorphaccordingtotheirpoition .3.Root——Arootithebaicformofaword,whichcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithouttota lloofidentity.(Whatremainofawordaftertheremovalofallaffi某e.)Stem——aformtowhichaffi某eofanykindcanbeadded.Bae——refertoaformtowhichaffi某eofanykindcanbeadded.Itcanbearootortem.atemmayconitofainglerooto rtworootandarootpluaaffi某.atemcanbearootoraformbiggerthanaroot.请加以区别下面两个词的特征:nation,dict加以理论的分析(1)Bothnationanddictbelongtoroot,nationifreeroot,whichcanfun ctionaloneinaentence,Chapter4Word-formationinEnglih1.Therearefourmaintypeofword-formationinEnglih.word文档可自由复制编辑(1)★Affi某ation(prefi某ationanduffi某ation)构词能力最强Affi某ationigenerallydefinedatheformationofwordbyaddingwordformingorde rivationalaffi某etotem.fullconverion——Itcantakeanindefinitarticle(不定冠词)or-(e)toindicateingularorpluralnumber.e.g.black→ablackdrinkable→d rinkablepartialconverion——mutbeuedtogetherwithdefinitearticle.e.g.rich→therich2.Othertype ofword-formation(1)Clipping/hortening——hortenalongerwordbycuttingapartoftheoriginanduingwhatremainintea d.quake(earthquake)dorm(dormitory)pop(popularmuic)flu (influenza)(2)Acronymy首字母缩略法——joiningtheinitialletterofnameofocialandpoliticalorganizationorpe cialphraeandtechnicaltermeg:VOA-VoiceofAmericaTV-televiion绝大多数blending都是nouneg:mog(烟雾)frommoke+fogtele某(电传机)fromteleprinter+e某changeMedicare(医疗保险)frommedical+carelunarnaut(登月宇航员)fromlunar+atronaut(4)Back-formation逆构词法——iaproceofword-formationbywhichawordicreatedbythedeletion删除ofauppoedaffi某.donate(donation)loaf(loafer)babyit(babyitter)laze(lazy)Chapter5Wordmeaning1.Analytical(referential)分析的Reference–therelationhipbetweenlanguageandtheworld.Operational(conte某tual)运用到具体场景中Concept–whichbeyondlanguageithereultofhumancognitionreflectingthe objectiveworldinthehumanmind★Sene1)enedenotetherelationhipinidethelanguage.Theeneofane某preioniitplaceinaytemofemanticrelationhipwithothere某preioninthelanguage.’2)Sincetheeneofane某preioninotathing,itioftendifficulttoaywhatortofidentityiti.Itial oanabtraction.3)Everywordthathameaninghaene(noteverywordhareference)2.Motivation(理据)——accountfortheconnectionbetweenthelinguitic(语言学的)ymbolanditmeaning.non-motivatedOnomatopoeic(拟声的)——thewordwhoeounduggettheirmeaning.Semantic(语义学的)——refertothementalaociationuggetedbytheconceptual概念上的meaningofaword.eg:atthefootofmountain,themouthofriverword文档可自由复制编辑Etymological(词源学的)——Thehitoryoftheworde某plainthemeaningoftheword.3.TypeofmeaningGrammatical语法–refertothatpartofthemeaningofthewordwhichindicategrammaticalconc eptorrelationhipConceptual概念——themeaninggiveninthedictionaryandformthecore核心ofword-meaning.Le某ical词汇Connotative内涵意义eg:Mother—afemaleparent—loveAociative联想Stylitic语体1)formal2)neutral3)informalAffective/Emotive——appreciativeandpejorativeCollocative固定搭配Chapter6SenerelationSynchronicapproachRadiation辐射像车轮式一样进行发展的语义e.g.face,neck(3)TwoproceofdevelopmentConcatenation–meaning―linkingtogether‖串联 2.Homonymy(1)定义:Homonymaregenerallydefinedaworddifferentinmeaningbuteitheridenti cal(完全相同的)bothinoundandpellingoridenticalonlyinoundorpelling.PerfectHomonym同音同形异义词e.g.bear忍受;熊ball球;舞会(2)TypeHomograph同形异义e.g.minute分钟;微小的(1)定义:Synonymareworddifferentinoundandpellingbutmotnearlyalikeore某actlytheameinmeaning.Aboluteregioned地域(BritihEnglih&AmericanEnglih)(2)TypetyliticdegreeRelative(Near)hadeofmeaningemotiverangecollocative搭配Borrowing(themotimportantource)(1)定义:Antonymyiconcernedwithemantic语义学的oppoition.Relative(dependoneachother)eg:parent—child,ell—buy,predeceor前辈—ucceor继承者word文档可自由复制编辑(3)Characteritic1)Antonymareclaifiedonthebaiofemanticoppoition.2)Awordwhichhamorethanonemeaningcanhavemorethanoneantonym.3)Antonymdifferinemanticincluion.4)Contrarytermaregradableantonym,differingindegreeofintenity,oeach haitowncorrepondingoppoition.(4)Ue。

高三英语复习课(词汇)要点 PPT课件 图文

高三英语复习课(词汇)要点 PPT课件 图文

5. __________ from heart trouble for years,
Professor White has to take some medicine with
him wherever he goes. (2001年春季上海)
A. Suffered
B. Suffering
C. Having suffered
—Taking plenty of exercise every day. A. power B. strength C. force D. energy
2. I’m trying to break the __________ of getting up
too late. (2009年天津)
A. tradition
out of danger
risk one’s life to save the child
safe and sound have a sound sleep
Practice Makes Perfect!
I. 单项填空
1. —You are always full of __________. Can you tell me the secret? (2007年福建)
2. 《英语课程标准研修》:词汇在发展听、 说、读、写能力中起重要作用,影响听、说、 读、写活动成功与失败的诸多因素中,词汇 因素居主要因素的首位。
3.《英语教学心理学》:英语学习者词汇 量的大小和词汇运用的熟练程度,往往是衡量 其英语水平的重要指标之一。
4.新课程对高中毕业生要求掌握的词汇量. 扩增到3660词(八级要求,3300个单词和360 个短语或词组),让我们更清楚的看出词汇在 语言学习中的重要性。

《英语词汇学》期末考试复习题

英语词汇学期末考试复习题一、单项选择题1.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.A.soundsB.meaningC.formD.function【正确答案】 B2.A word is a ______ that stands for something else in the world.A.symbolB.systemC.structureD.pattern【正确答案】 A3.We consider that the written form of a natural language is the written record of the ______ form.A.writerB.practicalC.oralD.grammatical【正确答案】 C4.In spite of the differences, at least ______ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns.A.sixtyB.seventyC.eightyD.ninety【正确答案】 C5.Words may fall into content words and functional words by ______.e frequencyB.notionC.originD.stability【正确答案】 B6.Among the feature of words of the basic word stock, ______ is the most important one that may differentiate words of common use from all others.A.all national characterB.stabilityC.productivityD.collocability【正确答案】 A7.______ belong to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A.JargonsB.SlangsC.ArgotsD.Dialectal words【正确答案】 B8.Native words in English are words brought to Britain in the ______ century by some German tribes.A.eighthB.seventhC.fifthD.sixth【正确答案】 C9.Which of the following words isn’t the alien?A.decorB.bazaarC.shiftD.emir【正确答案】 C10._______ are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A.ArchaismsB.SlangC.ArgotD.Dialectal words【正确答案】 A11.The Indo-European language family accordingly fall into _______ principle groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and Western set.A.eightB.sixC.fiveD.several【正确答案】 A12.The first peoples known to inhabit England were ______.A.CeltsB.RomansC.Anglo-SaxonsD.Jutes【正确答案】 A13.Old English has a vocabulary of about ______ words.A.30000 to 40000B.40000 to 50000C.50000 to 60000D.60000 to 70000【正确答案】 C14.Between 1250 and 1500 about ______ words of French poured into English.A.7000B.8000C.9000D.10000【正确答案】 Cually we regard which of the following periods as Early Modern English?A.450 to 1150B.1150 to 1500C.1500 to 1600D.1500 to 1700【正确答案】 D16.In the growth of present-day English vocabulary, there are three main sources of new words: the rapid development of modern science and technology; social, economic and political changes; the influence of ______.A.the educational systemB.other cultures and languagesC.the government systemD.the society changes【正确答案】 B17.In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A.creationB.semantic changeC.borrowingD.reviving archaic or obsolete words【正确答案】 A18.American English like to use ______.A.creationB.reviving archaic or obsolete wordsC.semantic changeD.borrowing【正确答案】 B19.In the Eastern set, _______ and ________ are each the only modern language respectively.A.Italic, GermanicB.Armenian, AlbanianC.Celtic, HellenicD.Balto-Slavic, Into-Iranian【正确答案】 B20.The ________ is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.A.GermanicB.Balto-SlavicC.Indo-EuropeanD.Indo-Iranian【正确答案】 C21.______ is the smallest functioning unite in the composition of words.A.MorphemeB.AllomorphC.WordD.Stem【正确答案】 A22.______are abstract units.A.MorphsB.AllomorphsC.MorphemesD.All of the above【正确答案】 C23.The morpheme is to the morph what a_____is to a______.A.word / soundB.root / affixC.stem / affixD.phoneme / phone【正确答案】 D24.Bound morphemes include ______ and affix.A.stemB.rootC.bound rootD.prefix and suffix【正确答案】 C25.Words produced by conversion are primarily ______.A.nounsB.adjectivesC.verbsD.all the above【正确答案】 D26.______are attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships.A.AffixesB.SuffixesC.Inflectional affixesD.None of the above【正确答案】 C27.The number of inflectional affixes is ______.A.small and changeablerge and changeableC.small and stablerge and stable【正确答案】 C28.Desire, desirable and desired are______.A.rootsB.stemsC.free rootsD.roots as well as stems【正确答案】 B29.Almost all affixes are_________because few can be used as independent words.A.free morphemesB.bound morphemesC.bound rootD.inflectional affixes【正确答案】 B30.A_________is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words.A.free rootB.bound rootC.free morphemesD.inflectional affixes【正确答案】 B31._____doesn’t belong to the most productive means of word-formation.A.AffixationpoundingC.ConversionD.Blending【正确答案】 D32.Prefixes do not generally change the ____ of the stem but only modify its meaning.A.word-classB.soundC.formD.structure【正确答案】 A33.All of the following are pejorative prefixes except ______.A.mal-B.arch-C.pseudo-D.mis-【正确答案】 B34.-eer, -er, -ess, -ette, -let are all suffixes added to noun bases to produce _____ nouns.A.abstractB.de-verbalC.concreteD.de-adjective【正确答案】 C35.The conversion of two-syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of______.A.spellingB.pronunciationC.stressD.function【正确答案】 C36.The overwhelming majority of blends are ______.A.verbsB.adjectivesC.nounsD.numbers【正确答案】 C37.Back-formation is the method of creating new words by ______ theso-called suffixes.A.removingbiningC.shorteningD.considering【正确答案】 A38.There are four common types of clipping: _______, _______, ________ and ________.A.front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, phrase clippingB.front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, middle clippingC.front clipping, back clipping, middle clipping, phrase clippingD.front clipping, front and back clipping, middle clipping, phrase clipping【正确答案】 A39.Some words are from characters in mythology, e. g. cherub from _______.A.CherubB.GodC.ProteusD.Mackintosh【正确答案】 A40.Stylistically, back-formed words are largely ________ and some of them have not gained public acceptance.A.formalB.adjectivesC.human nounsrmal【正确答案】 D41.Most verbs converted from adjectives have both transitive and ________ functions.A.intransitiveB.voicelessC.linkD.adjective【正确答案】 A42.Most compounds consist of only _______ stems.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four【正确答案】 B43.Words are but symbols, many of which have meaning only when they have acquired ______.A.referenceB.formC.connectionD.motivation【正确答案】 A44.The connection between the word-meaning and the thing it refers to is ______.A.logicalB.conventionalC.grammaticalD.formal【正确答案】 B45.Generally speaking, the meaning of ‘meaning’ is pe rhaps what is termed _______.A.conceptB.ideaC.conventionD.sense【正确答案】 D46._______ meaning and grammatical meaning make up the word-meaning.A.ConceptualB.LexicalC.SocialD.Associative【正确答案】 B47.________ indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.A.Connotative meaningB.Stylistic meaningC.Collocative meaningD.Affective meaning【正确答案】 D48._______, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning.A.Content wordsB.Functional wordsC.Borrowed wordsD.Native words【正确答案】 B49.Black market means _______.A.‘the market black in colour’B.‘illegal selling and buying’C.‘the market having many people’D.none of the above【正确答案】 B50._____ is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages.A.HomonymyB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy【正确答案】 B51.The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from diachronic and ______.putationalB.historical approachC.synchronic approachparative approach【正确答案】 C52.The differences between synonyms boil down to the following except ______.A.denotationB.connotationC.applicationD.pronunciation【正确答案】 D53.______ means the stylistic and emotive colouring of words.A.PronunciationB.ConnotationC.DenotationD.Application【正确答案】 B54._______ truly represent oppositeness of meaning.A.Contradictory termsB.Contray termsC.Relative termsD.Absolute synonyms【正确答案】 A55.The basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the _______ meaning.A.firstB.derivedC.centralD.none of the above【正确答案】 C56.Absolute synonyms are_______ in natural languages.A.numerousB.rareC.popularmon【正确答案】 B57.________ deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.A.PolysemyB.HomoymyC.AntonymyD.Hyponymy【正确答案】 D58.Which of the following is not the antonym of dull?A.sunnyB.sharpC.acuteD.fast【正确答案】 D59.________ are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes.A.Contradictory termsB.Contrary termsC.Relative termsD.Antonyms【正确答案】 B60.________ is concerned with semantic opposition.A.AntonymyB.HomonymyC.PolysemyD.Hyponymy【正确答案】 A61.Consequence means________.A.smallB.happinessC.expandD.result【正确答案】 D62.Among the types of word-meaning changes, ______ and narrowing are the most common by far.A.degradationB.transferC.elevationD.extension【正确答案】 D63.Extension of meaning is also called ______.A.generalizationB.specializationC.characterizationD.popularization【正确答案】 A64.Narrowing of meaning is also called ______.A.generalizationB.specializationC.characterizationD.popularization【正确答案】 B65.Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced process of semantic _____.A.extensionB.degradationC.transferD.elevation【正确答案】 C66.The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of _____.A.narrowingB.extensionC.degradationD.transfer【正确答案】 C。

高考英语常见600个高频词汇-高考复习

高考英语600个高频词汇1.accelerate vt. 加速,促进2.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的3.liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的4.transport vt. 运输,运送n. 运输,运输工具d a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的6.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的7.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)8.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的9.export n. 出口(物)v. 出口,输出10. import n. 进口(物)v. 进口,输入11. impose vt. 把...加强(on);采用,利用12. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰13.burst vi./n. 突然发生,爆裂14.dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)15.blast n. 爆炸;气流vi. 炸,炸掉16.consume v. 消耗,耗尽17.split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂a.裂开的18.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃19.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出20. extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的21.slide v. 滑动,滑落n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片22.bacteria n. 细菌23.breed n. 种,品种v. 繁殖,产仔24.budget n. 预算v. 编预算,作安排25.candidate n. 候选人26.campus n. 校园27.transform v. 转变,变革;变换28.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递29.transplant v. 移植30.shift v. 转移;转动;转变31.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化32.vanish vi. 消灭,不见33.swallow v. 吞下,咽下n. 燕子34.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心35.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的36.boundary n. 分界线,边界37.catalog n. 目录(册)v. 编目38.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的39.vain n. 徒劳,白费40.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励47.acquire vt. 取得,获得;学到48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行work n. 网状物;广播网,电视网;网络50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流51.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛52.wax n. 蜡53.weave v. 织,编54.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持55. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂56. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的57. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会58. battery n. 电池(组)59. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏60. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物61. career n. 生涯,职业62. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管63. vertical a. 垂直的64. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊65. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度66. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的67. petrol n. 汽油68. petroleum n. 石油69. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁70. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽71. decent a. 像样的,体面的74. sake n. 缘故,理由75. satellite n. 卫星76. temple n. 庙宇77. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的,78. tend vi.易于,趋向79. tendency n.趋向,趋势80. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的n. 极端81. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳82. adapt vi. 适应,适合;改编,改写vt. 使适应83. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉84. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的85. trap n. 陷阱,圈套v. 设陷阱捕捉86. vacant a. 空的,未占用的87. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器88. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的89. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学90. organ n. 器官,风琴91. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩92. expel v. 驱逐,开除,赶出93. expend v. 消费94. expenditure n. 支出,消费;经费95. expense n. 开销,费用96. expensive a. 花钱多的;价格高贵的97. private a. 私人的,个人的98. individual a. 个别的,单独的n. 个人,个体99. personal a. 个人的,私人的;亲自的100. personnel n. [总称]人员,员工;人事部门101. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋102. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋103. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋104. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋105. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予106. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的107. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭108. acid n. 酸,酸性物质a. 酸的;尖刻的109. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢110. balcony n. 阳台111. calculate vt. 计算,核算112. calendar n. 日历,月历113. optimistic a. 乐观114. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制的115. outstanding a. 杰出的,突出的,显著的116. religious a. 宗教的117. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者119. videotape n. 录像磁带v. 把...录在录像带上120. offend v. 冒犯,触犯121. bother v. 打搅,麻烦122. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍123. internal a. 内部的,国内的124. beforehand ad. 预先,事先125. racial a. 人种的种族的126. radiation n. 放射物,辐射127. radical a.根本的;激进的128. range n. 幅度,范围v. (在某范围内)变动129. wonder n. 惊奇,奇迹v. 想知道,对...感到疑惑130. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立131. issue n. 问题,争论点;发行,(报刊)一期132. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道133. hook n. 钩vt. 钩住134. adequate a. 适当地;足够135. adhere vi. 粘附,附着;遵守,坚持136. ban vt. 取缔,禁止137. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获138. valid a. 有效的,有根据的;正当的139. valley n. 山谷,峡谷140. consistent a. 坚固定;一致的,始终如一的141. continuous a. 继续的,连续(不断)的142. continual a. 不断地,频繁的143. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增144. exploit v. 剥削;利用,开采145. explore v. 勘探146. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增147. explosive a. 爆炸的;极易引起争论的148. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的149. removal n. 除去,消除150. render vt. 使得,致使151. render vt.呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施vi.给予补偿n.交纳, 粉刷, 打底152. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕153. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的154. identify vt. 认出,鉴定155. identify n. 身份;个性,特性156. poverty n. 贫穷157. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的158. resolve vt. 解决;决定,决意159. barrel n. 桶160. bargain n. 便宜货vi. 讨价还价161. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的162. coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车163. code n. 准则,法规,密码164. coil n. 线圈v. 卷,盘绕166. advertise v. 为...做广告167. advertisement n. 广告168. agency n. 代理商,经销商170. forbid vt. 不许,禁止171. debate n./v. 辩论,争论172. debt n. 欠债173. decade n. 十年174. enclose vt. 围住;把...装入信封175. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到176. globe n. 地球,世界;地球仪178. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览179. scandal n. 丑事,丑闻180. significance n. 意义;重要性181. subsequent a. 随后的,后来的182. virtue n. 美德,优点183. virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的184. orient vt. 使适应,(to,toward)使朝向n. 东方185. portion n. 一部分186. target n. 目标,靶子vt. 瞄准187. portable a. 手提式的188. decline v. 拒绝,谢绝;下降189. illusion n. 错觉190. likelihood n. 可能,可能性191. stripe n. 条纹192. emphasize vt. 强调,着重193. emotion n. 情感,感情194. emotional a. 感情的,情绪(上)的195. awful a. 极坏的,威严的,可怕的196. awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的197. clue n. 线索,提示198. collision n. 碰撞,冲突199. device n. 装置,设备200. devise vt. 发明,策划,想出211. inevitable a. 不可避免的212. naval a. 海军的213. navigation n. 航行214. necessity n. 必需品;必要性215. previous a. 先,前,以前的216. provision n. [pl.]给养,口粮;准备,设备,装置217. pursue vt. 追逐;追求;从事,进行218. stale a. 不新鲜的,陈腐的219. substitute n. 代用品vt. 代替220. deserve vt. 应受,应得,值得221. discrimination n. 歧视;辨别力222. professional a. 职业的,专门的223. nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不过224. neutral a. 中立的,中性的225. spot n. 地点;斑点vt. 认出,发现;玷污226. secure a. 安全的,可靠的227. security n. 安全,保障228. scratch v./n. 抓,搔,扒229. talent n. 才能,天资;人才230. insurance n. 保险,保险费231. insure vt. 给...保险,保证,确保232. spray v. 喷,(使)溅散233. medium a. 中等的,适中的n. 媒介物,新闻媒介234. media n. 新闻传媒235. auxiliary a. 辅助的,备用的236. automatic a. 自动的237. compete vi. 竞争,比赛238. competent a. 有能力的,能胜任的240. distribute vt. 分发241. disturb vt. 打搅,妨碍242. infer v. 推论,推断243. integrate v.(使)成为一体,(使)合并244. moist a. 潮湿245. moisture n. 潮湿246. promote vt. 促进;提升247. region n. 地区;范围;幅度248. register v./n.登记,注册249. stable a. 稳定的250. sophisticated a. 老于世故的,老练的;很复杂的251. splendid a. 极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的252. cancel vt. 取消,废除253. variable a. 易变的,可变的254. prospect n. 前景,前途;景象255. prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣256. aspect n. 方面;朝向;面貌257. cope vi. (with)(成功地)应付,处理258. core n. 果心,核心259. maintain vt. 维持,保持;坚持,主张260. mainland n. 大陆261. discipline n. 纪律;惩罚;学科262. domestic a. 本国的,国内的;家用的;家庭的263. constant a. 不变的,恒定的n. 常数264. cliff n. 悬崖,峭壁265. authority n. 权威;当局266. audio a. 听觉267. attitude n. 态度268. community n. 社区,社会269. commit vt.犯(错误,罪行等),干(坏事等)270. comment n./vt. 评论271. distinguish vt. 区分,辨别272. distress n. 痛苦,悲伤vt. 使痛苦273. facility n. [pl.] 设备,设施;便利,方便274. faculty n.能力,技能;系,学科/院;全体教员275. mixture n. 混合,混合物276. mood n. 心情,情绪;语气277. moral a. 道德上的,有道德的278. prominent a. 突出的279. substance n. 物质;实质280. substantial a. 可观的;牢固的;实质的281. prompt vt. 促使a. 敏捷的,及时的283. waist n. 腰,腰部284. weld v./n. 焊接285. yawn vi. 打哈欠286. yield vi. (to)屈服于;让出,放弃n. 产量287. zone n. 地区,区域288. strategy n. 战略,策略289. strategic a. 战略(上)的,关键的290. tense a. 紧张的v. 拉紧n. 时态291. tension n. 紧张(状态),张力292. avenue n. 林荫道,大街293. available a. 现成可用的;可得到的294. comparable a. (with,to)可比较的,类似的295. comparative a. 比较的,相对的296. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔297. data n. 数据,资料298. dive vi. 跳水,潜水299. diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的300. entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格301. regulate vt. 管理,调节302. release vt./n. 释放,排放;解释解脱303. exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张304. evil a. 邪恶的,坏的305. shrink vi. 起皱,收缩;退缩306. subtract v. 减(去)307. suburb n. 市郊308. subway n. 地铁309. survey n./vt. 调查,勘测310. wealthy a. 富裕的311. adjust v. 调整,调节312. attach vt. 系,贴;使附属313. profit n. 利润,益处;v. 有益于,有利于314. profitable a. 有利可图的315. slope n. 斜坡,斜面316. reinforce vt. 增强,加强317. reject vt. 拒绝318. fatal a. 致命的;重大的319. fate n. 命运320. humble a. 谦逊的;谦虚的321. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的322. award vt. 授予,判给n. 奖品,奖金323. aware a. 意识到324. column n. 柱,圆柱;栏,专栏325. comedy n. 喜剧326. dumb a. 哑的;沉默的327. dump vt. 倾卸,倾倒328. deaf a. 聋的;不愿听的329. decorate vt. 装饰,装璜330. principal a. 最重要的n. 负责人,校长331. vocabulary n. 词汇(量);词汇表332. venture n. 风险投资,风险项目v. 冒险;取于333. version n. 版本,译本;说法334. principle n. 原则,原理335. prior a. 优先的,在前的336. priority n. 优先,重点337. prohibit vt. 禁止,不准338. remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的,非凡的339. remedy n./vt. 补救,医治,治疗340. repetition n. 重复,反复341. vain a. 徒劳的,无效的342. undertake vt. 承担,着手做;同意,答应343. unique a. 唯一的,独特的344. obstacle n. 障碍(物),妨碍345. odd a. 奇特的,古怪的;奇数的346. omit vt. 省略348. opponent n. 敌手,对手350. orchestra n. 管弦乐队351. semester n. 学期;半年352. semiconductor n. 半导体353. seminar n. 研讨会354. terminal a. 末端的,极限的n. 终点355. territory n. 领土356. approximate a. 大概的,大约v. 近似357. arbitrary a. 随意的,未断的358. architect n. 建筑师359. architecture n. 建筑学360. biology n. 生物学361. geography n. 地理(学)362. geology n. 地质学363. geometry n. 几何(学)364. arithmetic n. 算术365. algebra n. 代数366. entertainment n. 娱乐;招待,款待367. enthusiasm n. 热情,热心368. entry n. 进入,入口处;参赛的人(或物)369. environment n. 环境370. episode n. 插曲,片段371. equation n. 方程(式)372. restrain vt. 阻止,抑制373. restraint n. 抑制,限制374. resume v. (中断后)重新开始375. severe a. 严重的376. sexual a. 性的377. simplicity n. 简单;朴素379. sorrow n. 悲哀,悲痛380. stuff n. 原料,材料vt. 填进,塞满381. temporary a. 暂时的,临时的382. temptation n. 诱惑,引诱383. terror n. 恐怖384. thrust v. 挤,推,插385. treaty n. 条约,协定386. arise vi. 产生,出现,发生;起身387. arouse vt. 引起,激起;唤醒388. burden n. 重担,负荷389. bureau n. 局,办事处390 marvelous a. 奇迹般的,惊人的391. massive a. 大的,大量的,大块的392. mature a. 成熟的393. maximum a. 最高的,最大的394. minimum a. 最低的,最小的395. nonsense n. 胡说,冒失的行动396. nuclear a. 核子的,核能的397. nucleus n. 核398. retail n./v./ad. 零售399. retain vt. 保留,保持400. restrict vt. 限制,约束401. sponsor n. 发起者,主办者vt. 发起,主办,资助402. spur n./vt. 刺激,激励403. triumph n. 胜利,成功404. tuition n. 学费405. twist vt. 使缠绕;转动;扭歪406. undergraduate n. 大学肄业生407. universal a. 普遍的,通用的;宇宙的408. universe n. 宇宙409. via prep. 经由,经过,通过410. vibrate v. 振动,摇摆411. virus n. 病毒412. voluntary a. 自愿的413. volunteer n. 志愿者v. 自愿(做)414. vote v. 选举n. 选票415. wagon n. 四轮马车,铁路货车416. appoint vt. 任命,委派417. approach v. 靠近,接近n. 途径,方式418. appropriate a. 适当的419. bunch n. 群,伙;束,串420. bundle n. 捆,包,束vt. 收集,归拢422. chaos n. 混乱,紊乱423. discount n. (价格)折扣424. display n./vt. 陈列,展览425. equivalent a. 相等的a. 相等物426. erect a. 竖直的v. 建造,竖立427. fax n./vt. 传真428. fertile a. 肥沃的;多产的429. fertilizer n. 肥料431. horror n. 恐怖432. horrible a. 可怕的433. Internet n. 国际互联网,因特网434. interpret v. 翻译,解释435. interpretation n. 解释,说明436. leak v. 漏,渗出437. lean vi. 倾斜,倚,靠438. leap vi. 跳跃439 modify vt. 修改440. nylon n. 尼龙441. onion n. 洋葱442. powder n. 粉末443. applicable a. 可应用的,适当的444. applicant n. 申请人445. breadth n. 宽度446. conservation n. 保存,保护447. conservative a. 保守的448. parallel n. 平行线;可相比拟的事物449. passion n. 激情,热情450. passive a. 被动的,消极的451. pat v./n. 轻拍,轻打452. peak n. 山峰,顶点453. phenomenon n. 现象454. reluctant a. 不情愿的,勉强的455. rely vi. (on ,upon)依赖,指望456. relevant a. 有关的,切题的457. reliable a. 可靠的458. relief n. 轻松,宽慰;减轻459. reputation n. 名气,声誉460. rescue vt./n. 营救461. triangle n. 三角(形)462. sequence n. 连续;顺序463. shallow a. 浅的464. shiver vi/n. 发抖465. signature n. 签名466. sincere a. 诚挚的,真诚的467. utility n. 功用,效用468. utilize vt. 利用469. utter vt. 说出a. 完全的,彻底的470. variation n. 变化,变动471. vehicle n. 交通工具,车辆472. applause n. 鼓掌,掌声473. jungle n. 丛林,密林474. knot n. 结vt. 把...打成结475. appliance n. 器具,器械476. consent n. 准许,同意vi (to)准许,同意477. conquer vt. 征服478. defect n. 缺点,缺陷479. delicate a. 易碎的;娇弱的;精美的480. evolve v.演变481. evolution n. 演变,进化482. frown v./n. 皱眉483. frustrate vt. 使沮丧484. guarantee vt./n. 保证485. guilty a. 内疚的;有罪的486. jealous a. 妒忌的487. jeans n. 牛仔裤488. liquor n. 酒,烈性酒489.liter/litre n. 升490. modest a. 谦虚道491. molecule n. 分子492. orbit n. 轨道v. (绕...)作轨道运行493. participate v. (in)参与,参加494. particle n. 微粒495. particularly ad. 特别,尤其496. respond vi. 回答,答复;反应497. sensible a. 明智的498. sensitive a. 敏感到,灵敏的499. tremble vi. 颤抖500. trial n. 审讯;试验501. apparent a. 显然的,明白的502. appetite n. 胃口;欲望503. deposit n. 存款,定金v.存放,储蓄504. deputy n. 副职,代表505. derive vt. 取得,得到;(from)起源于506. descend v. 下来,下降507. missile n. 导弹508. mission n. 使命;代表团509. mist n.薄雾510. noticeable a. 显而易见到511. notify vt. 通知,告知512. notion n. 概念;意图,想法513. resemble vt. 像,类似于514. reveal vt. 揭露515. revenue n. 收入,岁入;税收516. shelter n. 掩蔽处;住所517. shield n. 防护物,盾vt. 保护,防护518. vital a. 重要的;致命的,生命的519. vitally ad. 极度,非常;致命地520. urban a. 城市的521. urge vt. 鼓励,激励522. urgent a. 急迫的,紧急得523. usage n. 使用,用法524. violence n. 强力,暴力525. violent a. 强暴的526. welfare n. 福利527. whatsoever ad. (用于否定句)任何528. whereas conj. 然而,但是,尽管529. essential a. 必不可少的;本质的530. estimate n./vt. 估计,估量531. evaluate vt. 评估,评价532. exceed vt. 超过,越出533. exceedingly ad. 非常,极其534. exclaim v. 呼喊,大声说535. exclude vt. 把...排斥在外,不包括536. exclusive a. 读有的,排他的537. flee vi. 逃走538. flexible a. 易弯曲的539. flock n. 羊群,(鸟兽等)一群;一伙人540. hardware n. 五金器具541. harmony n. 和谐,融洽542. haste n. 急速,急忙543. hatred n. 憎恶,憎恨544. incident n. 事件,事变545. index n. 索引,标志546. infant n. 婴儿547. infect v. 传染548. inferior a. 劣等的,次的,下级的549. infinite a. 无限的550. ingredient n. 组成部分551. inhabitant n. 居民552. jail n. 监狱553. jam n. 果酱;拥挤,堵塞554. laser n. 激光555. launch vt. 发动,发起556. luxury n. 奢侈;奢侈品557. magnet n. 磁铁,磁体558. male a. 男性的,雄的559. manual a. 用手的,手工做的n. 手册560. manufacture vt./n. 制造,加工561. marine a. 海的;海产的562. naked a. 裸露的563. neglect vt. 忽视,忽略564. origin n. 起源,出身565. oval a. 椭圆形的n. 椭圆形566. presumably ad. 大概,可能567. prevail vi. 流行,盛行568. quit v. 停止569. quotation n. 引文,引语570. recreation n. 娱乐活动571. recruit vt. 招募,吸收(新成员)572. skim vt. 搬(去),掠过;浏览573. slender a. 苗条的,修长的574. theme n. 主题575. textile n. 纺织品576. tropical a. 热带的,炎热的577. kneel vi. 跪578. label n. 标签579. nuisance n. 令人讨厌的东西(或人)580. numerous a. 众多的,许多的581. passport n. 护照582. prescribe vt. 开药,吩咐采用...疗法583. primitive a. 原始的,早期的584. ridge n. 脊,山脊,埂585. rigid a. 严格的;僵硬的586. smash vt. 粉碎,打烂587. software n. 软件588. lunar a. 月的,月球的589. submerge vi. 潜入水中590. tissue n. 组织;薄纱,手巾纸591. motivate vt. 激励,激发592. motive n. 动机,目的593. generate vt. 生成,产生(光、热、电等)594. lest conj. 唯恐,免得595. liable a. 可能的,大概的;(to)易于...的596. liberal a. 自由得597. favorable a. 称赞道;有利的,顺利的599. submit vi.(to)屈服,听从600. timber n. 木材,原木。

英语词汇学复习集合

Morphemes: is a minimal meaning units of a language, and a smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.Morphes: are discrete units which realize abstract morphemes in speech. Morphs are actual spoken minimal carriers of meaning.Monomorphemic:Free morphemes: is one stand alone as a word.Bound morphemes: be function together with root of word. The morphemes cannot occur as separate words.Affixes: forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function.1)inflectional: are affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships.2)derivational: are affixes added to other morphemes to create new word.2.1prefixes: is a formation by adding prefixes to stems. Their chief function is to change meaning of the stems.2.2suffixes: is the formation by adding suffixes to stems. Their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems.Stem: a part of a word to which affixes of any kind can be added.Root: is a basic forms of a word which cannot be further analyse without total loss of identity.Bound root:is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning.Creation: refer to the formation of new words by using the existing material, namely roots, affixes and other elements.Affixation(词缀法): as the formation of words by means of adding affixes to stems.Compounding/composition(复合法): is the formation of words by joining two or more stems into one word.(joining stem)Conversion/zero-derivation(转换法): is the formation of new words by coverting words of one class to another class.(coverting words class)Blending(拼缀法): a formation by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.(combining parts of two wordsActonymy/initialisms(首字母缩写): a formation by joining the initial letters of names of phrases.(joining the initial letterBack-formation(逆词法): a formation by removing the supposed suffixes.Clipping(截断法): a formation by cutting a part of the origin, and using remains instead.By use frequencyBasic words:1)All national character;2)Stability;3)Productivity;4)Polysemy;5)Collocability.Non-basic words:Terminology(术语) particular field (2)Jargon(行话):the language used for a particular activity or by a particular group of people (3)slang (俚语)(4)Argot(暗语)particular group of people (5)Dialectal words(方言) particular area(6) Archaisms(古语)an archaic word or expression (7) Neologisms (新词语)a new word and expression or new meaning of a wordBy notionContent words: denote clear notions.Functional words: do not have notions of their own, express the relation between notions, words and sentences.By originNative words: are those of Anglo-Saxon origin, which are small in number.Borrowed words: is take over from foreign languages.Reference: it is the relationship between language and the world.Concept: it is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.Sense: it denotes the relationships inside the language.Motivation: means which words acquire their meanings .the relationship between the linguistic symbol/structure of word/form and its meaning.1)Onomatopoeic拟声理据: words whose sounds suggest their meaning, creates by imitating the natural sounds or noises associable .2)morphological形态理据: words whose meaning derive from the total sum of the morphemes involved.3)semantic语义理据:(words whose figurative sense derives from its literal sense through)refer to the mental association suggested by the conceptual meaningof a word.4)etymological词源理据: words whose meaning are related directly to the origin.Lexical meaning:1)conceptual: form the core of word meaning. It is the denotative in that it concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it denotes , orrefers to. the meaning given in the dictionary2)associative: secondary meaning supplements to the conceptual meaning.connotative: the overtone or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.stylistic: that a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.affective: that indicates the speaker’s attitude.collocative: that suggested by the association in its collocation.Primary meaning: is the only meaning that a word when it was fist created.Derived meaning: are the meaning that a word get from primary meaning. At different stages of its development in the course of time.Polysemy(多义词): be used to refer to that one word has two or more sense or meanings.1)Diachronic approached: is an approach to polysemy which studies how a word derived its different meaning from its primary meaning in the cause of time.2)Synchronic approached: is an approach to polysemy which studies the coexistence of various meanings of the same word in a certain historical period oftime.radiation: a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings.concatenation: a semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense until, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed.Homonymy(同形异意): a term used to refer to two or more words which have the same form or sounds but differ in meanings. defined as words different in meaning1)perfect: (same name)identical both in sound and spelling, but different in meaning.2)homographs: (same spelling)identical only in spelling but different in meaning and sound.3)homophones: (same sound)identical only in sound but different in meaning and spelling.Synonymy(同义词): be used to refer to words which are similar or the same in meaning, but different sound and spelling.Antonymy(反义词): can be defined as words which are opposite in meaning.Hyponymy(上下义关系): deal with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is , the meaning of a specific word is included in that of another more general word.1)superordinates: is refer to some general words .(which are concrete and precise).2)subordinates: denote those more specific words.(which convey only a general and vague idea).Extension/generalization(扩展法): is a process by which the specialized meaning has become generalized. is a term referring to the widening of meaning Narrowing/specialization(缩略法): is a process by which the word of wide meaning acquires a narrower or specialized sense. is a term referring to the shrinkingof meaningDegradation/deterioration(降级法): is a process by which words with a commendatory meaning fall into derogatory sense.Elevation/amelioration(升级法): is a process by which words rise from humble beginning to positions of importance.Transfer(转换法): is a process in which a word denoting one thing changes to refer to a different but related thing.A semantic field: is a meaning area where words share the same concept. A semantic field is useful because it helps pin down the meanings of words in relation to other words in the semantic field. Often, a word is not known until the words that operate with it become known.Specialized dictionary: is a dictionary concentrating on a particular area of language or knowledge.Linguistic Context : refer to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears.Lexical Context – refers to the words occur together with the word in question. The meaning of the word is often affected and defined by the neighboring word.Grammatical context – The meanings of a word may be inflected by the structure in which it occurs. Refer to syntactic structure in which a word is used. the role of context content has three major functionelimination of ambiguityindication of referentsprovision of clues for inferring word meaning(1) Old English (450 ~ 1150). After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers. Soon they permanent control of the land, which was to be called England. Their language, historically known as Anglo - Saxon, dominated and almost totally blotted out the Celtic. Now people generally refer to Anglo - Saxon as Old English. The introduction of Christianity had a great impact on the English vocabulary. In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many Scandinavian words came into the English languages. Old English has a vocabulary of about 50000 ~ 60000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like modern German. Therefore, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs had complex endings or vowel changes, or both, which differ greatly from the language that we use today.(2) Middle English (1150 ~ 1500). The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of French words into English and Norman French became the polite speech. But by the end of the 13th century, English gradually came back. During this period, Britain had trade relations with Holland and as a result, as many as 2500 words of Dutch origin found their way into English.(3) Modern English. Modern English began with the establishment of printing in England. During the Renaissance, enormous numbers of Latin words became part of English vocabulary. In the mid - seventeenth century, British tentacles began stretching out to every corner of the globe, thus enabling English to absorb words languages of the world. Since the beginning of this century, thousands of new words have been created to express new ideas, inventions, and scientific achievements. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language from all major.Loan-word借词 :are borrowed from other languages.Alien非同化词:are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling.Denizens同化词: are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language.Differences between compound and free phrases:1)phonetic feature:2)semantic feature, every compound should express a single idea just as a word.3)grammatical feature, a compound tend to play a single grammatical role in a sentence.Idioms can be classified into five groups:1)idioms nominal in nature.2)Idioms adjective in nature.3)Idioms verbal in nature.4)Idioms adverbial in nature.5)Sentence idioms.Metaphor(隐喻): Metaphor is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to anotherMetonymy(借代): Metonymy is the device in which we name something by one of its attributes.Synecdoche(提喻): Synecdoche means using a part for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for a thing or the reverse of any of these.Analogy(类比): Analogy is a process whereby words are created in imitation of other words.What is the role of context?What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.How do you account for the role of native words in English in relation to loan-words?Why do we say “English is a heavy borrower”? Please justify it.The “pen” is mightier than the “sword”Explain what “pen” and “sword” mean respectively using the theory of motivation.Analyze the morphological structure of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly.What are the differences between compounds and free phrases?How many groups may idiom be classified into?What are the special features of a Chinese-English Dictionary?How would you explain the difference between back-formation and suffixation?Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope f linguistic factors, based on the words given below: Gold,bulbDeer,beast,animals.Fortuitous, fruition.What are the linguistic factors of meaning changesWhat are actonyms? Please illustrate it with at least two examples.Please illustrate the grammatical meaning of a word with at least one example.Supply two example to illustrate that the influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning. Explain the three different periods of the English development.What is word-formation? What are the three major processes of word-formation?What is the symbolic connection between a sound and meaning?In the following sentence, what type of transfer has the word in bold undergone?You should address your remarks to the chair.What is the appropriate antonym for ”sharp” in the following statement?Jack heard the sharp noise from the dark house.Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.The man said he would come to our school next week.The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.Explain the logical relationships of the following terms: free morphemes, affix, morphemes, bound root, bound morphemesIn which aspects do compounds differ from free phrases?What is the difference between superordinates and subordinates? Explain it with the given words “flower, elephant, tiger, rose, tulip, animal.”Take “a laconic answer is a short answer” as an example to illustrate etymological motivation.Comment on the following groups of words in terms of types of antonyms:contradictory terms, contrary terms, relative terms.“dead-alive, yound-old, employer-employee”What are the three main sources of new words in present-day English vocabulary? Match the following expressions with the three sources as examples. “green revolution, fast food, the fourth world, Mao jeckets” , open heart surgery.欢迎您的下载,资料仅供参考!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议,策划案计划书,学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。

高考英语常见600个高频词汇-高考复习

亲爱的同学们:别慌看,抽出五分钟,扪心自问:上次《高考阅读高频词汇》消化了吗?这次“600个高频词汇”又打算如何处理呢?Never make the same mistake twice!Never fall into the same pit!OR YOU ARE DONE !!!高考英语600个高频词汇1.accelerate vt. 加速,促进2.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的3.liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的4.transport vt. 运输,运送n. 运输,运输工具d a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的6.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的7.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)8.insignificant a. 无足轻重的;无价值的9.export n. 出口(物)v. 出口,输出10. import n. 进口(物)v. 进口,输入11. impose vt. 把...加强(on);采用,利用12. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰13.burst vi./n. 突然发生,爆裂14.dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)15.blast n. 爆炸;气流vi. 炸,炸掉16.consume v. 消耗,耗尽17.split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂a.裂开的18.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃19.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出20. extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的21.slide v. 滑动,滑落n. 滑动;幻灯片22.bacteria n. 细菌23.breed n. 种,品种v. 繁殖,产仔24.budget n. 预算v. 编预算,作安排25.candidate n. 候选人26.campus n. 校园27.transform v. 转变,变革;变换28.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递29.transplant v. 移植30.shift v. 转移;转动;转变31.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化32.vanish vi. 消灭,不见33.swallow v. 吞下,咽下n. 燕子34.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心35.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的36.boundary n. 分界线,边界37.catalog n. 目录(册)v. 编目38.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的39.vain n. 徒劳,白费40.extraordinary a. 不平常的,非凡的41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励47.acquire vt. 取得,获得;学到48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行work n. 网状物,电视网;网络50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流51.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛52.wax n. 蜡53.weave v. 织,编54.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持55. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂56. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的57. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会58. battery n. 电池(组)59. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏60. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物61. career n. 生涯,职业62. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管63. vertical a. 垂直的64. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊65. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度66. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的67. petrol n. 汽油68. petroleum n. 石油69. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁70. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽71. decent a. 像样的,体面的74. sake n. 缘故,理由75. satellite n. 卫星76. temple n. 庙宇77. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的,78. tend vi.易于,趋向79. tendency n.趋向,趋势80. ultimate a. 极端的,最终的n. 极端81. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳82. adapt vi. 适应;改编,改写vt. 使适应83. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉84. casual a. 偶然的;临时的;非正式的85. trap n. 陷阱,圈套v. 设陷阱捕捉86. vacant a. 空的,未占用的87. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器88. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的89. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学90. organ n. 器官,风琴91. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩92. expel v. 驱逐,开除,赶出93. expend v. 消费94. expenditure n. 支出,消费;经费95. expense n. 开销,费用96. expensive a. 花钱多的;价格高贵的97. private a. 私人的,个人的98. individual a. 个别的,单独的n. 个人99. personal a. 个人的,私人的;亲自的100. personnel n. [总称]人员,员工;人事部门101. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋102. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋103. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋104. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋105. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予106. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的107. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭108. acid n. 酸,酸性物质a. 酸的;尖刻的109. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢110. balcony n. 阳台111. calculate vt. 计算,核算112. calendar n. 日历,月历113. optimistic a. 乐观114. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制的115. outstanding a. 杰出的,突出的,显著的116. religious a. 宗教的117. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者119. videotape n. 录像磁带v.120. offend v. 冒犯,触犯121. bother v. 打搅,麻烦122. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍123. internal a. 内部的,国内的124. beforehand ad. 预先,事先125. racial a. 人种的种族的126. radiation n. 放射物,辐射127. radical a.根本的;激进的128. range n. 幅度,范围v. 变动129. wonder n. 惊奇,奇迹v. 想知道130. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立131. issue n. 问题;发行,(报刊)一期132. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道133. hook n. 钩vt. 钩住134. adequate a. 适当地;足够135. adhere vi. 粘附,附着;遵守,坚持136. ban vt. 取缔,禁止137. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获138. valid a. 有效的,有根据的;正当的139. valley n. 山谷,峡谷140. consistent a. 坚固定,始终如一的141. continuous a. 继续的,连续(不断)的142. continual a. 不断地,频繁的143. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增144. exploit v. 剥削;利用,开采145. explore v. 勘探146. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增147. explosive a. 爆炸的;极易引起争论的148. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的149. removal n. 除去,消除150. render vt. 使得,致使151. render vt.呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 放弃, 表演, 实施vi.给予补偿n.交纳, 粉刷, 打底152. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕153. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的154. identify vt. 认出,鉴定155. identify n. 身份;个性,特性156. poverty n. 贫穷157. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的158. resolve vt. 解决;决定,决意159. barrel n. 桶160. bargain n. 便宜货vi. 讨价还价161. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的162. coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车163. code n. 准则,法规,密码164. coil n. 线圈v. 卷,盘绕166. advertise v. 为...做广告167. advertisement n. 广告168. agency n. 代理商,经销商170. forbid vt. 不许,禁止171. debate n./v. 辩论,争论172. debt n. 欠债173. decade n. 十年174. enclose vt. 围住;把...装入信封175. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到176. globe n. 地球,世界;地球仪178. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览179. scandal n. 丑事,丑闻180. significance n. 意义;重要性181. subsequent a. 随后的,后来的182. virtue n. 美德,优点183. virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的184. orient vt. (to,toward)使朝向n. 东方185. portion n. 一部分186. target n. 目标,靶子vt. 瞄准187. portable a. 手提式的188. decline v. 拒绝,谢绝;下降189. illusion n. 错觉190. likelihood n. 可能,可能性191. stripe n. 条纹192. emphasize vt. 强调,着重193. emotion n. 情感,感情194. emotional a. 感情的,情绪(上)的195. awful a. 极坏的,威严的,可怕的196. awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的197. clue n. 线索,提示198. collision n. 碰撞,冲突199. device n. 装置,设备200. devise vt. 发明,策划,想出211. inevitable a. 不可避免的212. naval a. 海军的213. navigation n. 航行214. necessity n. 必需品;必要性215. previous a. 先,前,以前的216. provision n. [pl.]给养,口粮,设备,装置217. pursue vt. 追逐;追求;从事,进行218. stale a. 不新鲜的,陈腐的219. substitute n. 代用品vt. 代替220. deserve vt. 应受,应得,值得221. discrimination n. 歧视;辨别力222. professional a. 职业的,专门的223. nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不过224. neutral a. 中立的,中性的225. spot n. 地点;斑点vt. 认出;玷污226. secure a. 安全的,可靠的227. security n. 安全,保障228. scratch v./n. 抓,搔,扒229. talent n. 才能,天资;人才230. insurance n. 保险,保险费231. insure vt. 给...保险,保证,确保232. spray v. 喷,(使)溅散233. medium a. 中等的n. 媒介新闻媒介234. media n. 新闻传媒235. auxiliary a. 辅助的,备用的236. automatic a. 自动的237. compete vi. 竞争,比赛238. competent a. 有能力的,能胜任的240. distribute vt. 分发241. disturb vt. 打搅,妨碍242. infer v. 推论,推断243. integrate v.(使)成为一体,(使)合并244. moist a. 潮湿245. moisture n. 潮湿246. promote vt. 促进;提升247. region n. 地区;范围;幅度248. register v./n.登记,注册249. stable a. 稳定的250. sophisticated a. 老于世故的,老练的;很复杂的251. splendid a. 极好的,壮丽的,辉煌的252. cancel vt. 取消,废除253. variable a. 易变的,可变的254. prospect n. 前景,前途;景象255. prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣256. aspect n. 方面;朝向;面貌257. cope vi. (with)(成功地)应付,处理258. core n. 果心,核心259. maintain vt. 维持,保持;坚持,主张260. mainland n. 大陆261. discipline n. 纪律;惩罚;学科262. domestic a. 本国的;家用的;家庭的263. constant a. 不变的,恒定的n. 常数264. cliff n. 悬崖,峭壁265. authority n. 权威;当局266. audio a. 听觉267. attitude n. 态度268. community n. 社区,社会269. commit vt.犯(错误,罪行等)270. comment n./vt. 评论271. distinguish vt. 区分,辨别272. distress n. 痛苦,悲伤vt. 使痛苦273. facility n. [pl.] 设备,设施;便利,方便274. faculty n.能力;系,学科/院;全体教员275. mixture n. 混合,混合物276. mood n. 心情,情绪;语气277. moral a. 道德上的,有道德的278. prominent a. 突出的279. substance n. 物质;实质280. substantial a. 可观的;牢固的;实质的281. prompt vt. 促使a. 敏捷的,及时的283. waist n. 腰,腰部284. weld v./n. 焊接285. yawn vi. 打哈欠286. yield vi. (to)屈服于;让出,放弃n. 产量287. zone n. 地区,区域288. strategy n. 战略,策略289. strategic a. 战略(上)的,关键的290. tense a. 紧张的v. 拉紧n. 时态291. tension n. 紧张(状态),张力292. avenue n. 林荫道,大街293. available a. 现成可用的;可得到的294. comparable a. (with,to)可比较的295. comparative a. 比较的,相对的296. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔297. data n. 数据,资料298. dive vi. 跳水,潜水299. diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的300. entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格。

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词汇复习: 中国人学英语跟其他国家是不一样的,这跟我们的母语—汉语的学习有关;英语中动词是我们的薄弱环节,它包括时态,语态和搭配的各种用法,而汉语往往只是用一个表动作的词来表示所有意义;所以专家建议我们的高中生,学习英语从词法学起,而词中的重要性排序是:动词(包括时态,语态,搭配等),非谓语动词,名词(主谓一致关系),介词,冠词等。

动词——一些常用行为动词和词组的用法与比较示例

1.see和look, hear 和listen see和hear 是感觉感官动词,表示的是一种不自觉的、无意的感觉,人们有视力就能看见(see),听觉就能听见(hear)。see和hear一般不用于进行时态。look(at)和listen (to)是动作动词,表示的是有意的动作。强调“看”和“听”这两个动作,并不表示“看”或“听”结果。 Note: 如果see和hear转义成为动作动词时,又可以用于进行时态。 2. lay和lie 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 中文意思 用法 lie lay lain lying 躺,位于 不及物 lie lied lied lying 说谎 不及物动词 lay laid laid laying 放置,产卵 及物 3.arise, rise 和raise 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 中文意思 用法 arise arose arisen arising 出现,发生,兴起 不及物 rise rose risen rising 上升,起身 不及物 raise raised raised raising 举起,提高,唤起,饲养 及物 4.Hang 的用法 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 中文意思 用法 hang hung hung hanging 吊,挂 vi / vt hanged hanged hanging 绞死 vt 5.say, tell, speak 和talk say 指用语言表达思想,意思就是“说”,强调说的内容,可接单词、词组或句子,也可直接引语。 Note: say 不能以表示某种语言的词作宾语,但可以用good morning, good evening, good night, good-bye, hellow, yes, no等作宾语。 talk指同某检谈话或谈论某人某事,一般结构是:talk to (with) sb. about sth. Talk还常同nonsense, sense, rubbish, business, Chinese, the situation等连用。 speak可以用及物动词和不及物动词,表示说某种语言时是及物动词,在表示“说话”这个动作或说起某人某事时,是不及物动词,一般结构为:speak about (of) sth., speak to sb.。 Note: 说谎话只可用tell a lie, 不可用say , speak;说实话可用tell/speak the truth,不可用say。 6.sit set和seat 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 中文意思 用法 sit sat sat sitting (使)坐 vi set set set setting 安放,调整下沉 vi / vt seat seated seated seating 使座容纳 vt/n Note: seat 后面可跟反复代词,也可用于被动语态。例如: 7.affect和effect affect (influence, touch)影响,触及,感动,侵袭 effect (bring about, cause)实现,带来(变化),产生,促成 Note: 名词effect构成的短语有:in (into) effect(生效),to the effect(大意是说,以便) 8. allow, permit 和let 这三个词都是及物动词,allow和permit意为“允许”,用法相近。permit稍正式一些。allow可以物作主语。这两个词的接续结构一般是: ① allow (permit)+宾语+带to 动词不定式。 ② allow (permit)+动名词。 9.agree的用法 ①agree+带to的动词不定式=agree that。 ②agree+介词 A. agree about:涉及讨论的题目或表示对(某物,某事)的价值,重要性有一致的看法 B. agree on;确定某件事情、某个日期、某个条件,或在某方面意见一致。 10. receive 和accept receive意为“收到,接到”(信、包裹等客观情况,)并不表示“接受。” accept意“接受,同意”(邀请、建议等主观意愿)。 11.fit, be fit for和suit 这两个词都可以作及物动词,意为“适合”,但用法有所不同,fit指的是尺码大小的“适合”,suit则是指款式、花色、程度的“适合”。 12.answer和reply answer是及物动词,意为“回答”,后接直接宾语从句。 Reply是不及物动词,意为“答复”,不可直接跟宾语,一般结构是reply to.但可直接跟宾语从句。 13.fall, feel fell 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 中文意思 用法 fall fell fallen falling 落下,减弱 不及物动词 feel felt felt feeling 摸,感觉(到) (不)及物动词 fell felled felled felling 砍伐,打到 及物动词 14.cost, spend和take cost意为“花费,”主语通常是某物,“花费”的是金钱,时间或劳力,可接双宾语,take 指“花费”时间,主语一般是某件事,可接双宾语。Spend指“花费”金钱或时间,主语一般是人。 15.Assure和ensure assure意为“使……相信,使……放心”,指为别人解除某种顾虑。使别人相信而作出承诺。后须接人称代词或指人的名词,其结构为assure sb. of sth.或assure sb. that从句。 ensure意为 “保证”,后不能跟人,而要跟事物名词或抽象名词或动名词。表示对某种行为。 结果有把握,其结构为:ensure sth., ensure that 从句或ensure doing sth. insure意为“保险”,指对人物或物作经济上的保险。表示“给……保险,以防……”时,用insure…against,不用from. 16. appear, emerge, break out, show up 和turn up 这些均为不及物动词或不及物动词短语,中国学生容易把它们误用为及物动词,须特别注意。另外不有occur, happen, take place 等,也属此类。 17.arrive, get和reach 这三个动词均可译为“到达”,但arrive和get为不及物动词。结构为: arrive+at(in)+宾语,get+to+宾语,reach+宾语。 18. beat, defeat和win win作及物动词用时意为“赢得”,后面可以接一场比赛、一场辩论、一场战斗、奖品或钱等;作不及物动词用时意为“获胜”。beat意为“战胜,打败“,后面接比赛、辩论或战斗中的对手。defeat意为“击败”,更多地指“敌军,入侵者”。或最终击败。 19. dress/wear /be in /be dressed in/ have on/put on dress可用作及物动词或不及物动词,意为“穿衣服,给……穿衣服”, 其宾语为人。所指的是一个动作。Wear是及物动词,意为“穿着……衣服”,指的是一种状态,其宾语为衣帽、眼镜、像章等。Be in /be dressed in /have on 都是状态动词,不可用进行时。Put on 是瞬间动作动词,不可用以描写人的穿衣特点。 20. adapt和adopt 二者均为及物动词。Adapt意为“使适应,改写”。Adopt意为“采取(态度,方法),采纳,收养”。 21. identify, realize, recognize和specify 四者均为及物动词。identify:辨认,认为同一,支持(oneself with);realize:认识到,实现;recognize:认出,承认;specify:规定,指明。 22. damage, destroy, hurt, spoil, wound和injure hurt可作及物或不及物动词,其他几个动词均为及物动词。damage:损害(坏)(有仍可修复、弥补的含义);destroy:(彻底地)摧毁,毁掉(希望,计划);hurt:伤害(感情,身体某部位),疼痛;spoil: 破坏,糟踏(计划,参观,旅游等),惯坏(小孩);wound:使受伤(多指枪伤或刀伤);injure:伤害(one’s pride, reputation, feeling, 损害,指一晨难愈之伤。) 23.arouse和rouse 二者均为及物动词。arouse:引起,唤起,常跟一个抽象名词做宾语(怀疑,兴趣,同情);rouse:唤醒(睡觉的人),激发(热情),唤起(使振作起来)。 24.bring up 和educate bring up意为“养大”,指在家里被抚养受到道德和社交的训练。educate意为“教育”,指人们在学校受到的训练(特别是智能和文化方面的训练)。 25.marry的用法 marry后一般不用介词,但在get married和be married后可用介词to,不可用with。 Marry可以表示“使成婚(cause to take in marriage)”,与to连用。 marry用于转义时,可表示“把全副精力给予…,使密切结合在一起”等义。 marry也可用作不及物动词,其名词形式为marriage (to)。 26. prefer的用法

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