Actively Play Appointed Attesting Officer System’s Role as Bridge and Guarantee
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案解析2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(20 points)Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition__1__manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheother hand,puttingyour__2__,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh__3__. __4__,whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood.__5__people placetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsrelease oxytocin,ahormonethat__6__peasurablefeelingsandtriggersthe herdinginstructthatpromptshumansto__7__withoneanother. Scientistshavefoundthatexposure__8__thishormoneputsusina trusting__9__:InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothe nosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantly higheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir__10__who inhaledsomethingelse.__11__forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay__12__us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscan differentiate__13__acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlers wereeach__14__toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetester wouldask,"What'sinhere?"beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling, andexclaiming,"Wow!"Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook__15__. Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf__16__thecontainerwas empty—andrealizedthetesterhad__17__them. Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere__18__ tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthat theytrustedhisleadership.__19__,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpaired withthe"__20__"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.A.onB.likeC.forD.from2.A.faithB.concernC.attentionD.interest3.A.benefitB.debtC.hopeD.price4.A.ThereforeB.ThenC.InsteadD.Again5.A.UntilB.UnlessC.AlthoughD.When6.A.selectsB.producesC.appliesD.maintainspare8.A.atB.byC.ofD.to9.A.contextB.moodC.periodD.circle10.A.counterpartsB.substitutesC.colleaguesD.supporters11.A.FunnyB.LuckyC.OddD.Ironic12.A.monitorB.protectC.surpriseD.delight13.A.betweenB.withinC.towardD.over14.A.transferredB.addedC.introducedD.entrusted15.A.outB.backC.aroundD.inside16.A.discoveredB.provedC.insistedD.remembered17.A.betrayedB.wrongedC.fooledD.mocked18.A.forcedB.willingC.hesitantD.entitled19.A.IncontrastB.AsaresultC.OnthewholeD.Forinstance20.A.inflexibleB.incapableC.unreliableD.unsuitableSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbelow eachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1 Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethat willprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:What happenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareat highriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy, withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobs likegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations—trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—have arousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywill befine.Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnological upheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolution didn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanized looms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobs thanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboost productivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkers fromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkers mayneedalotofhelpadjusting.Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinThe SecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining. Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege—shouldevolvetofocus lessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplex communication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffostering problem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots. Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextra trainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenew skillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt. ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange, entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombine laborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualreality haven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwill inventthem.Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetween capitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetobe rethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidies suchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswould boostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,and reduceinequality. Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenext fewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesand careersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomi ngforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbe indispensable.21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?A.Leadingpoliticians.B.Low-wagelaborers.C.Robotowners.D.Middle-classworkers.22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?A.Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.B.Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.C.Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled.D.Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided.cationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasis on________.A.creativepotentialB.job-huntingskillsC.individualneedsD.cooperativespirit24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat________.A.encouragingthedevelopmentofautomationB.increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestmentC.easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoorD.preventingtheincomegapfromwidening25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith________.A.opposingviewsonitB.possiblesolutionstoitC.itsalarmingimpactsD.itsmajorvariationsText2AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsof youngAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.The implicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobe filteredthroughothersource,notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform. MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetas distrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheir medialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016 presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitter usersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,according totheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNews found44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthe mediagiant. Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmore skillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnight Foundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24 foundtheyuse"distributedtrust"toverifystories.Theycross-check sourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythose thatareopenaboutanybias."Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealof personalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingo utopposingviewpoints,"thesurveyconcluded. Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityof Wisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedia ledtogreaterpoliticalengagement. Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimately andimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasa projectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemore consciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarna researchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefake newsphenomenonis"readererror,"moresothanmade-upstoriesor factualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenews liesin"misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews"viasocialmedia .Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheart oftheissue."Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityin counteractingthisproblem,"saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarna Group.Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,they revealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills—andintheirchoiceson whentoshareonsocialmedia.26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscast doubtson________.A.thejustificationofthenews-filteringpracticeB.people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatformsC.theadministration’sabilitytohandleinformationD.socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews27.Thephrase"beerup"(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto________.A.sharpenB.defineC.boastD.share28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople________.A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspaceB.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresourcesC.haveastrongsenseofresponsibilityD.liketoexchangeviewson"distributedtrust"29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblem is________.A.readersoutdatedvaluesB.journalists'biasedreportingC.readers'misinterpretationD.journalists'made-upstories30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnlineB.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrendC.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMediaD.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterestsText3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartby acknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleading artificialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthis workappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurther concentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.Itisagainstthatbackground thattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedher damningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS, whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsin 2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccount ofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy. DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendedits ways.Furtherarrangements—andtheremaybemany—betweentheN HS andDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessary permissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahas beencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn .Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemost important.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust, sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely “processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessing andaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalu e. Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedata thatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamage toanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthe waythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualthere gainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountless millionsmore. Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeels slightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.Itis notenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefit patientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivate monopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftware promisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybe expectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginning ofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegigantic consequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureof digitalfeudalism.Ms.Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.31.WhatistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?A.Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.B.Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.C.Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations.D.Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith______.A.emptypromisesB.toughresistanceC.necessaryadjustmentsD.sincereapologies33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that________.A.privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcostsB.leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingitC.makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegalD.thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdeal is________.A.theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmasB.theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylawC.theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftwareD.themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis______.A.ambiguousB.cautiousC.appreciativeD.contemptuousText4TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreported anetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearits expenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120 billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirement costs.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,theUSPSisina historicsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanently decreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,and a regulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustits operationstothenewreality Andinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakers exertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS'sultimate overseer—Congress—insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePost alService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisis whyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvital modernization. Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved—Democrats,Republicans,th ePostalService,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers—hasfinally agreedonaplantofixthesystem.Legislationismovingthroughthe HousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears, whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures. Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrate increaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstep wouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretiree healthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSand itsunion.IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughthe Senate—wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare, bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,not comprehensivereform.There'snochangetocollectivebargainingatthe USPS,amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80 percentoftheagency'scosts.Alsomissingisanydiscussionof eliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoy swidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse. Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsare gettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapsea ttheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey'regettingseriousabout transformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.36.ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby________.A.itsunbalancedbudgetB.itsrigidmanagementC.thecostfortechnicalupgradingD.thewithdrawalofbanksupport37.AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto________.A.theinterferencefrominterestgroupsB.theinadequatefundingfromCongressC.theshrinkingdemandforpostalserviceD.theincompetenceofpostalunions38.Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbe addressedby________.A.removingitsburdenofretireehealthcareB.makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehiclesC.adoptinganewrate-increasemechanismD.attractingmorefirst-classmailusers39.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith______.A.respectB.toleranceC.discontentD.gratitude40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDaysB.ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheeseC.TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCureD.ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-AidPartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoa coherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothe numberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.(10 points)[A]InDecemberof1869,Congressappointedacommissiontoselect asiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartment Building.Thecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsf ortheWarandNavyDepartments.Tothehorrorofsomewhoexpecteda GreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheother sideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyle designbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingto houseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.[B]Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthe firsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin 1876),DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwit hcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavy Departmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewalland ceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeofthe Secretary.[C]TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown, housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimately associatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation'sforeignpolicyin thelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthe twentiethcentury—theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasan internationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smost significantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmany historicevents.[D]ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls. TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD. Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bush allhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingpresident.Ithashoused 16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24Secretariesof State.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapanese emissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthe bombingofPearlHarbor.[E]TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsa uniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritage oftheUnitedStates.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury, AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowing staffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneof thebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.[F]Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingby wing.WhentheEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildingin Washington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors. Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwood wasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircase sofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecapped byfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.[G]ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswere laid.Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820 .Aseriesoffires(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)and overcrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasury Building.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasury BuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding. PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatethe underlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewritten neatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Shakespeare'slifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinary activityandachievementinthedrama.(46)Bythedateofhisbirth Europewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthe creationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyand comedy.Thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenbyscholarsand performedbyamateurs,butinEngland,aseverywhereelseinwestern Europe,thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningto makethedramapopular,whetheritshouldbeneworold,classicalor medieval,literaryorfarcical.Court,school,organizationsofamateurs, andthetravelingactorswereallrivalsinsupplyingawidespreaddesire fordramaticentertainment;and(47)noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhich gaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland. WhenShakespearewastwelveyearsoldthefirstpublicplayhouse wasbuiltinLondon.Foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthis publicstage.Playsaimingatliterarydistinctionwerewrittenforschools orcourt,orforthechoirboysofSt.Paul'sandtheroyalchapel,who, however,gaveplaysinpublicaswellasatcourt.(48)Butthe professionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,and universitymenwithliteraryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheaters asofferingameansoflivelihood.BythetimethatShakespearewas twenty-five,Lyly,Peele,andGreecehadmadecomediesthatwereat oncepopularandliterary;Kydhadwrittenatragedythatcrowdedthepit; andMarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthecommon stage—wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofEuripides.(49)A nativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublic playhouseestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeen begun. ThedevelopmentoftheElizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-five yearsisofexceptionalinteresttostudentsofliteraryhistory,forinthis briefperiod,wemaytracethebeginning,growth,blossoming,anddecay ofmanykindsofplays,andofmanygreatcareers.Weareamazedtoday atthemerenumberofplaysproduced,aswellasbythenumberofdramatistswritingatthesametimeforthisLondonoftwohundred thousandinhabitants.(50)Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity, wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthat probablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived. SectionⅢWritingPartA51.Directions: Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsoncampus,invitingthemto attendthegraduationceremony.Inyouremail,youshouldincludethe time,placeandotherrelevantinformationabouttheceremony. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsneatlyontheANSWERSHEET. e"LiMing"instead. (10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyour essay,youshould1)Describethepicturebriefly,2)Interpretthemeaning,and3)GiveyouranswerneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）答案及解析参考答案：1-5：CADBD6-10：BCDBA11-15：BBACD16-20：ACBAC21-25：DCADB26-30：DABCA31-35：BCDDB36-40：BAACD41-45：EGABD46.参考译文：在他出生之前，欧洲正在经历宗教戏剧的衰退，古典悲剧和喜剧催生了新的戏剧形式。
unit5 fourteen steps
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Main idea of Fourteen Steps
Hal Manwaring was a crippled man who needed a crutch to get around. One dark rainy night, as he was driving home, a tire blew on his car and forced him off the road. Noticing a light on in a nearby house, he thumped slowly along the shoulder to see if someone there could help him. He was feeling sorry for himself that a crippled man should be so inconvenienced.
Bible ▪ To enter or pass into ▪ To move the fingers in an
attempt to do something
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National Disable day
国际助残日
Copyright © Sino-i Technology Limited All rights reserved
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The disabled
★ The blind ★ The deaf ★ The deaf-mute ★ The mental retardation ★ Be lame/limp ★ paralyze (AmE)
2021春期1378管理英语3网上形考任务（单元自测1至8）试题及答案
2021春期1378管理英语3网上形考任务（单元自测1至8）试题及答案2021春期1378管理英语3网上形考任务(单元自测1至8)试题及答案单元自测1形考任务试题及答案题目为随机，用查找功能(Ctrl+F)搜索题目[题目]—______________________________—No,sorry,I didn＇t know the rule about punching in.[答案]Didn＇t you punch in this morning,Wendy？[题目]—I suppose there＇ll be a lot of arguments.—__________________[答案]I should imagine so.[题目]—I wish you success in your career.—_________________ [答案]The same to you.[题目]—I＇m leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.—__________________[答案]Have a pleasant trip![题目]—Who should be responsible for the accident？—The boss,not the workers.They just carried out the order_______.[答案]as told[题目]—_______________________________—We have three major divisions：Operations,Sales and Marketing,Finance and Administration.[答案]How many departments do we have？[题目]A bus driver_______________the safety of his passengers.[答案]is responsible for[题目]A number of boys____________absent some time during the term.[答案]have been[题目]He will write to me as soonas he________home.[答案]returns[题目]I am________________your early coming.[答案]looking forward to[题目]Leave the reference books behind,__________you won＇t be able to think independently.[答案]or[题目]My friend invited me__________the art club,and I accepted it with pleasure.[答案]to join[题目]The key_________successful implementation is clearly communicating the strategy to the whole company.[答案]to[题目]The programme gives students the___________to learn more about global warming.[答案]opportunity[题目]This is the man___last night.[答案]whom I saw二、翻译为下面的句子选择正确的翻译(每题10分)。
人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT1 Part 3 练习含答案
Part 3 Using Language,Assessing Your Progress&Video Time基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写1.(2020天津)“Small does not mean weak,sir,” she(辩解)herself.2.(2019天津)I thought anything(抽象的)left too much room for argument.3.The player's o performance left a deep impression on everyone present.4.He is outgoing.B,he is kind.He always steps up whenever someone needs help.5.To adapt to the rapid economic development,China has put forward some new(观念)of development.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.(2024山西跨市联考)The sun was shining(brilliant), with clouds dancing in the blue sky.2.(2023北京)In fact,universities often shift emphasis from teaching other ranking factors.3.All our policemen are trained to defend themselvesknife attacks.4.The probable relationship between the speakers is shop (assist)and customer.5.It has been argued that(gift)children should be grouped in special classes.6.In the beginning,he asked if I could assist himlearning how to use chopsticks.7.I(vivid)remember walking into a room and hearing a child's beautiful singing when I was four.8.And,as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea,many others flood in and price wars break.Ⅲ.一词多义1.Garden tools can be dangerous if carelessly handled.2.You have to turn the handle and then pull it towards you.3.I subscribe to the view that children benefit from being independent.4.Every year I subscribe to some English magazines for my daughter to read.5.For a moment,I was infected by her fear of the exam.6.Officials say that few citizens are infected with the virus owing to effective prevention now.Ⅳ.完成句子1.一位新经理将负责这个部门。
新国际交互商务英语5答案
新国际交互商务英语5答案1. 规避风险____________ [填空题] *空1答案：risk-averse2. 首期付款____________ [填空题] *空1答案：down payment3. 私家旧货出售____________ [填空题] *空1答案：Private secondhand sale4. 生产周期____________ [填空题] *空1答案：product time5. 产品销售员____________ [填空题] *空1答案：product merchandiser6. Malicious attack____________ [填空题] *空1答案：恶意攻击7. go to all lengths____________ [填空题] *空1答案：全力以赴8. People who can solve difficulties____________ [填空题] *空1答案：能解决困难的人9. Meeting package____________ [填空题] *空1答案：会议套餐10. Target market ____________ [填空题] *空1答案：目标市场二、选择正确的词的代码填入下列句子中。
(每题2分，共计20分)A. refrain fromB. reach out toC. identify withD. put out all the stopsE. rent outF. on trackG. Not only H. frustrateI. come across J. taking in1. ________did he complain about the food, but also refused to pay for it. [填空题] *空1答案：G2. What are some of the difficulties one is likely to ___________in this transformation process. [填空题] *空1答案：I3. They made preparation to_____________ the conspiracy. [填空题] *空1答案：H4. She _______________scolding her child until the visitors left. [填空题] *空1答案：A5. When you’re looking for a job, you could ___________your network. [填空题] *空1答案：B6. I believe that most readers will__________ the author. [填空题] *空1答案：C7. I am innocent. I’m going to ____________to prove it. [填空题] *空1答案：D8. He had to____________ his house in Seattle to make mortgage payment. [填空题] *空1答案：E9. We made a great effort to get our company back ___________. [填空题] *空1答案：F10. The scholar attaches importance to getting rid of the stale and_______ the fresh. [填空题] *空1答案：J三、从选项中选择句子中划线部分的词相对应的词。
上海英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试E1参考答案
参考答案: SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation 1. the majority of employees 2. that affect them 3. two-way communication 4. within the company 5. set in motion 6. between managers and staff 7. value consultation with our workforce 8. to perform effectively 9. know the basic facts 10. more efficient 11. give you one example 12. new products 13. some outline about a company’s profit 14. its competitors 15. future product plans 16. hear about it 17. ignore the face 18. communicate with supervisors 19. what is going on 20. they haven’t been told formally Part B: Listening Comprehension 1-5 B D C A C 6-10 C B C A C 11-15 C A D A D 16-20 A B D A C SECTION 2: READING TEST 1-5 D D B C B 6-10 B C B D A 11-15 C D B A D 16-20 D B C C B SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST 如果各公司断然采取西⽴国家裁员的做法以增加利润，⽇本⼀度令⼈羡慕的失业率将上升⾄两位数。
AICPA考试BEC真题2011(题目)
AICPA考试BEC真题2011（题目）1.In order to comply with a director's duty of loyalty to a corporation,what action(s)shoulda director take when presented with a corporate opportunity?a.Reject the opportunity and not offer it to the corporation.b.Accept the opportunity and not offer it to the corporation.c.Accept the opportunity and disclose the acceptance to the corporation.d.Offer the opportunity to the corporation and accept it if the corporation rejects it.2.Which of the following types of variances would a purchasing manager most likely influence?a.Direct materials price.b.Direct materials quantity.c.Direct labor rate.d.Direct labor efficiency.3.Farrow Co.is applying for a loan in which the bank requires a quick ratio of at least1.Farrow's quick ratio is0.8.Which of the following actions would increase Farrow's quick ratio?a.Purchasing inventory through the issuance of a long-term note.b.Implementing stronger procedures to collect accounts receivable at a faster rate.c.Paying an existing account payable.d.Selling obsolete inventory at a loss.4.A corporation is considering purchasing a machine that costs$100,000and has a$20,000salvage value.The machine will provide net annual cash inflows of$25,000per year and has a six-year life. The corporation uses a discount rate of10%.The discount factor for the present value of a single sum six years in the future is0.564.The discount factor for the present value of an annuity for six years is4.355.What is the net present value of the machine?a.($2,405)b.$8,875c.$20,155d.$28,8755.A company has gathered the following information from a recent production run:What is the company's variable overhead spending variance?a.$50unfavorable.b.$50favorable.c.$40unfavorable.d.$40favorable.6.Which of the following is a limitation of the profitability index?a.It uses free cash flows.b.It ignores the time value of money.c.It is inconsistent with the goal of shareholder wealth maximization.d.It requires detailed long-term forecasts of the project's cash flows.7.Which of the following metrics equates the present value of a project's expected cash inflows to the present value of the project's expected costs? present value.b.Return on assets.c.Internal rate of return.d.Economic value-added.8.What is the primary objective of data security controls?a.To establish a framework for controlling the design,security,and use of computer programs throughout an organization.b.To ensure that storage media are subject to authorization prior to access,change,or destruction.c.To formalize standards,rules,and procedures to ensure the organization's controls are properly executed.d.To monitor the use of system software to prevent unauthorized access to system software and computer programs.9.Which of the following technologies is specifically designed to exchange financial information over the World Wide Web?a.Hypertext markup language(HTML).b.Extensible business reporting language(XBRL).c.Hypertext transfer protocol(HTTP).d.Transmission control program/internet protocol(TCP/IP).10.Variations between business cycles most likely are attributable to which of the following factors?a.The law of diminishing returns.parative advantage.c.Duration and intensity.d.Opportunity costs.11.A company has the following target capital structure and costs:The company's marginal tax rate is30%.What is the company's weighted-average cost of capital?a.7.84%b.9.30%c.10.30%d.11.20%12.A company recently issued9%preferred stock.The preferred stock sold for$40a share witha par of$20.The cost of issuing the stock was$5a share.What is the company's cost of preferred stock?a. 4.5%b. 5.1%c.9.0%d.10.3%13.A company produces and sells two products.The first product accounts for75%of sales and the second product accounts for the remaining25%of sales.The first product has a selling price of$10per unit,variable costs of$6per unit,and allocated fixed costs of$100,000.The second product has a selling price of$25per unit,variable costs of$13per unit,and allocated fixed costs of$212,000.At the break-even point,what number of units of the first product will have been sold?a.52,000b.39,000c.25,000d.14,62514.Which of the following types of risk can be reduced by diversification?a.High interest rates.b.Inflation.bor strikes.d.Recessions.15.Which of the following solutions creates an encrypted communication tunnel across the Internet for the purpose of allowing a remote user secure access into the network?a.Packet-switched network.b.Digital encryption.c.Authority certificate.d.Virtual private network.16.Each of the following is a limitation of enterprise risk management(ERM),except:a.ERM deals with risk,which relates to the future and is inherently uncertain.b.ERM operates at different levels with respect to different objectives.c.ERM can provide absolute assurance with respect to objective categories.d.ERM is as effective as the people responsible for its functioning.17.A manufacturing firm identified that it would have difficulty sourcing raw materials locally, so it decided to relocate its production facilities.According to COSO,this decision represents which of the following responses to the risk?a.Risk reduction.b.Prospect theory.c.Risk sharing.d.Risk acceptance.18.Which of the following is one of the four perspectives of a balanced scorecard?a.Just in time.b.Innovation.c.Benchmarking.d.Activity-based costing.19.The New Wave Co.is considering a new method for allocating overhead to its two products,regularand premium coffee beans.Currently New Wave is using the traditional method to allocate overhead, in which the cost driver is direct labor costs.However,it is interested in using two different drivers:machine hours(MH)for separating and roasting beans,and pounds of coffee for packing and shipping.Machine hours for the current month are700hours,direct labor cost per pound of coffee is$1.25,and direct materials cost per pound of coffee is$1.50.There are1,000pounds of coffee packed and shipped for the current month.The following data are also available: What is the total cost per pound for the premium coffee using the new activity-based costing method?a.$5.00b.$5.75c.$7.75d.$9.7520.A company uses process costing to assign product costs.Available inventory information fora period is as follows:The ending inventory was25%complete as to the conversion cost.100%of direct material was added at the beginning of the process.What was the total cost transferred out?a.$130,500b.$126,973c.$121,500d.$117,45021.The ABC Company is trying to decide between keeping an existing machine and replacing it witha new machine.The old machine was purchased just two years ago for$50,000and had an expected life of10years.It now costs$1,000a month for maintenance and repairs due to a mechanical problem.A new machine is being considered to replace it at a cost of$60,000.The new machine is more efficient and it will only cost$200a month for maintenance and repairs.The new machine has an expected life of10years.In deciding to replace the old machine,which of the following factors, ignoring income taxes,should ABC not consider?a.Any estimated salvage value on the old machine.b.The original cost of the old machine.c.The estimated useful life of the new machine.d.The lower maintenance cost on the new machine.22.Black Co.'s breakeven point was$780,000.Variable expenses averaged60%of sales,and the margin of safety was$130,000.What was Black's contribution margin?a.$364,000b.$546,000c.$910,000d.$1,300,00023.The following information data pertains to a manufacturing company:What is the break-even level in sales dollars?a.$30,000b.$40,000c.$50,000d.$80,00024.Limitations of an activity-based costing system include which of the following?a.Control of overhead costs is enhanced.b.Activity-based costing systems are less reliable.c.The expense of obtaining cost data is relatively high.d.It eliminates arbitrary assignment of overhead costs.25.What is the correct ascending hierarchy of data in a system?a.Character,record,file,field.b.Field,character,file,record.c.Character,field,record,file.d.Field,record,file,character.26.Jackson Co.is considering a project that will use2,000square feet of storage space at one of its facilities to store used equipment.What will determine Jackson's opportunity cost?a.The net present value of the project.b.The internal rate of return of the project.c.The value of the next best use of the space.d.The depreciation expense on the space.27.Jones Corp.had an opportunity to use its capacity to produce an extra5,000units with acontribution margin of$5per unit,or to rent out the space for$10,000.What was the opportunity cost of using the capacity?a.$35,000b.$25,000c.$15,000d.$10,00028.In a large firm,custody of an entity's data is most appropriately maintained by which of the following personnel?a.Data librarian.b.Systems analyst.puter operator.puter programmer.29.Yarrow Co.is considering the purchase of a new machine that costs$450,000.The new machine will generate net cash flow of$150,000per year and net income of$100,000per year for five years. Yarrow's desired rate of return is6%.The present value factor for a five-year annuity of$1, discounted at6%,is4.212.The present value factor of$1,at compound interest of6%due in five years,is0.7473.What is the new machine's net present value?a.$450,000b.$373,650c.$181,800d.$110,47530.A corporation obtains a loan of$200,000at an annual rate of12%.The corporation must keepa compensating balance of20%of any amount borrowed on deposit at the bank,but normally does not have a cash balance account with the bank.What is the effective cost of the loan?a.12.0%b.13.3%c.15.0%d.16.0%31.A company has a policy of frequently cutting prices to increase sales.Product demand is significantly elastic.What impact would this have on the company's situation?a.Quantity increases proportionally more than the price declines.b.Quantity increases proportionally less than the price declines.c.Price increases proportionally more than the quantity declines.d.Price increases proportionally less than the quantity increases.32.Which of the following types of unemployment typically results from technological advances?a.Cyclical.b.Frictional.c.Structural.d.Short-term.33.A corporation manages inventory performance by monitoring its inventory turnover.Selected financial records for the corporation are as follows:The beginning finished goods inventory for year2was20%of year2sales.The ending finished goods inventory for year2was18%of year3sales.What was the corporation's inventory turnover for year2?a. 1.34b. 2.83c. 3.03d. 3.1334.Which of the following costing methods will yield the lowest inventory value?a.Absorption.b.Hybrid.c.Process.d.Variable.35.Each of the following periods is included when computing a firm's target cash conversion cycle, except the:a.Inventory conversion period.b.Payables deferral period.c.Average collection period.d.Cash discount period.36.An enterprise resource planning system is designed to:a.Allow nonexperts to make decisions about a particular problem.b.Help with the decision-making process.c.Integrate data from all aspects of an organization's activities.d.Present executives with the information needed to make strategic plans.37.According to COSO,the use of ongoing and separate evaluations to identify and address changes in internal control effectiveness can best be accomplished in which of the following stages of the monitoring-for-change continuum?a.Control baseline.b.Change identification.c.Change management.d.Control revalidation/update.38.Which of the following is necessary to be an audit committee financial expert according to the criteria specified in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of2002?a.A limited understanding of generally accepted auditing standards.cation and experience as a certified financial planner.c.Experience with internal accounting controls.d.Experience in the preparation of tax returns.39.Which of the following positions best describes the nature of the Board of Directors of XYZ Co.'s relationship to the company?a.Agent.b.Executive.c.Fiduciary.d.Representative.40.Which of the following indicates that the economy is in a recessionary phase?a.The rate of unemployment decreases.b.The purchasing power of money declines rapidly.c.Potential national income exceeds actual national income.d.There is a shortage of essential raw materials and costs are rising.参与AICPA考试的考生可按照复习计划有效进行，另外高顿网校官网考试辅导高清课程已经开通，还可索取AICPA考试通关宝典，针对性地讲解、训练、答疑、模考，对学习过程进行全程跟踪、分析、指导，可以帮助考生全面提升备考效果。
外管信息登记业务英文
□Move-out registrationMove-in Area:
□Move-in registrationMove-out Area:
□Cancellation of registration ofbasic information offoreign-invested enterprise
Name of Chinese shareholder (transferee)
Name of foreign shareholder (transferor)
Amount of registered capital transferred
Consideration ofshare transfer
Change of basic informationCapital increase□Capital decrease（□decreaseof actualforeigninvestment□decreaseofforeigncapitalsubscription□decreaseofcapitalofChinese shareholder）
Contact telephone
III、Basic information of shareholder (forchange ofregistration, pleasefill in the changed information;for registration of relocation or cancellation, pleasefill inthe currentshareholder’sinformation)
国家开放大学管理英语形考任务三
单元自测3 试题及答案[题目]How do you get your members toas a team?[答案]pul1 together[题目]Ilike to thinkamalways the one finding new ways to a situation or challenge.[答案]outside of the box[题目]In high school,I am equally comfortableas a member of a team and independently.[答案]working[题目]The team creates an environmentpeople are comfortable in communicating, advocating positions,and takingaction.[答案]in which[题目]-CouldIborrow your iPad for a few hours?[答案]Sure, here you are. Enjoy your time.题目]-Iam sorry for what I have said to you.[答案]Don't think any more about it.[题目]-What are your teammates like?[答案]They are all warmhearted and helpful.[题目]-Will you help me arrange a meeting with Mr. Brown, please?[答案]Sorry I can't. I have to finish my project right now.[题目-I'd like to have this film developed.[答案]May I help you?[题目]I believe that I have a lot to contributea team environment, and am comfortable in both leadership and player roles.[答案]to题目]I have been very lucky to have hadmanagers during my career so far.[答案]terrific题目]If I take the time to talk with my manager at the beginning of a project, weoff to a great start on the same page.[答案]can get[题目]Regular and concrete feedback is important__who is not performing up to her potential. [答案]when dealing with a worker[题目]Team members areas unique people with irreplaceable experiences, points of view, and knowledge to contribute.[答案]viewed[题目]The majority of these team challengesanywhere.[答案]can be delivered二、阅读理解:根据文章内容，完成选择题(共50分)。
ACCAF3第二课监管框架中英文翻译分解
ACCA F3 第二课监管框架中英文翻译The following factors that have shaped financial accounting can be identified.有形财务会计的以下因素可以识别。
国家/地方立法会计概念和个人判断Accounting standards会计准则其他国际影响一般公认会计原则（GAAP）公允表达National/local legislation国家/地方立法1.4 Accounting standards1.4会计准则Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs).财务报告准则（IFRS）IFRSs are produced by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). 国际财务报告准则由国际会计准则理事会（IASB）产生。
Monitoring Board监控板IFRS Foundation国际财务报告准则的基础IFRS Advisory Council国际财务报告准则咨询理事会IIFRS Interpretations Committeeiifrs解释委员会Appoints任命Reports to报告Advises建议The IFRS Advisory Council (formerly called the Standards Advisory Council or SAC) is essentially a forum used by the IASB to consult with the outside world. It consults with national standard setters,academics, user groups and a host of other interested parties to advise the IASB on a range of issues, from the IASB's work programme for developing new IFRSs to giving practical advice on the implementation of particular standards.国际财务报告准则咨询委员会（以前称为准则咨询委员会或囊）本质上是一个由IASB用来与外界咨询论坛。
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Actively Play Appointed Attesting Officer System’s Role as
Bridge and Guarantee
Hong Kong has been the largest source of
foreigninvestment for many consecutive years. By the end of
thefirst quarter of 2011, about 117,400 Hong
Kong-ownedcorporate enterprises have registered in mainland's
industrialand commercial administration departments,
accounting for41.53% of all the foreign invested corporate
enterprises with$1.307629 trillion of investment, $78.83 billion
of registeredcapital while $62.31 billion was subscribed by
Hong Kongbusinessmen.