STM32F401 Nucleo开发板使用说明指南
STM32 Nucleo-IOT04A1 产品说明书
X-NUCLEO-IDW04A1 Schematic diagram version 1 | sheet 1STMicroelectronicsEVALUATION BOARD LICENSE AGREEMENTBy using this evaluation board or kit (together with all related software, firmware, components, and documentation provided by ST, “Evaluation Board”), You (“You”) are agreeing to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Evaluation Board License Agreement (“Agreement”). Do not use the Evaluation Board until You have read and agreed to this Agreement. Your use of the Evaluation Board constitutes Your acceptance of this Agreement.LICENSESTMicroelectronics (“ST”) grants You the right to use the enclosed Evaluation Board offering limited features only to evaluate and test ST products solely for Your evaluation and testing purposes in a research and development setting. 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STM32快速入门教程
STM32快速入门教程STM32是一种微控制器系列，由意法半导体（STMicroelectronics）公司推出。
它具有高性能、低功耗和丰富的外设功能，非常适合用于各种嵌入式应用。
本文将介绍STM32的快速入门教程，帮助读者快速上手使用STM32进行开发。
准备好硬件和软件环境后，我们可以开始编写程序了。
首先，我们需要创建一个新工程。
在Keil中，选择“Project”->“New uVision Project”，然后选择STM32的型号和储存路径。
在STM32CubeIDE中，选择“File”->“New”->“STM32 Project”，然后按照向导创建新工程。
接下来，我们需要配置工程的设置。
包括选择编译器、指定目标芯片型号、选择运行频率等。
在Keil中，选择“Options”->“Device”，然后选择目标芯片型号。
在STM32CubeIDE中，选择“Project”->“Properties”，然后选择目标芯片型号和运行频率。
配置完成后，我们需要编写代码。
在Keil中，选择“Project”->“Add New Item”，然后选择一个空白文件。
在STM32CubeIDE中，选择“File”->“New”->“Source File”，然后输入文件名。
编写代码时，我们可以使用STM32固件库提供的函数库，简化了底层驱动的编写。
编写代码的时候，我们需要定义引脚的用途和功能。
在Keil中，选择“Project”->“Manage”->“Board Selector”，然后选择目标芯片和功能。
在STM32CubeIDE中，选择“Pinout & Configuration”，然后选择功能和引脚。
接下来，我们可以测试编写的代码了。
我们可以使用串口输出、LED 闪烁等方式进行测试。
在Keil中，选择“View”->“Serial Window”，然后选择波特率和串口号。
stm32f401rcotp默认参数值
一、概述ST公司的STM32F401RCOTP是一款高性能的32位微控制器，广泛应用于各种嵌入式系统和智能设备中。
在使用STM32F401RCOTP时，了解默认参数值是非常重要的，因为这些参数值将直接影响到微控制器的性能和功能。
本文将详细介绍STM32F401RCOTP的默认参数值，以帮助开发人员更好地理解和应用这款微控制器。
二、主频时钟1.1 默认参数值在STM32F401RCOTP中，主频时钟的默认参数值为84MHz。
这意味着微控制器的工作频率为84MHz，可以提供强大的运算性能和响应速度。
1.2 参数调整如果需要调整主频时钟的参数值，可以通过寄存器配置来实现。
使用适当的时钟源和分频器，可以实现不同的主频时钟设置，以满足具体的应用需求。
三、外设接口2.1 通用I/O口STM32F401RCOTP具有丰富的通用I/O口，可以用来连接外部设备或传感器，并实现数据的输入输出。
默认参数值为多功能通用I/O口。
2.2 串行通信接口默认参数值为两个SPI接口、三个USART接口和三个I2C接口。
这些串行通信接口可以满足不同的通信需求，如数据传输、外设控制等。
四、存储器3.1 Flash存储器默认参数值为512KB的Flash存储器。
这个大容量的存储器可以用来存储应用程序和数据，满足复杂系统的存储需求。
3.2 SRAM存储器默认参数值为96KB的SRAM存储器。
SRAM存储器可以用来存储临时数据和运行时变量，对系统的性能和稳定性起到重要作用。
五、定时器4.1 通用定时器默认参数值为四个通用定时器。
这些定时器可以用来产生精确的时间间隔，控制外设的工作节奏，实现定时任务等。
4.2 高级定时器默认参数值为一个高级定时器。
高级定时器通常用来实现更复杂的定时和计数功能，如PWM输出、脉冲捕获等。
六、中断控制器默认参数值为一个中断控制器，可以管理微控制器的所有中断请求。
中断控制器可以对不同的中断源进行优先级配置和屏蔽设置，确保系统的稳定和可靠运行。
STM32CubeF4例程使用说明
STM32CubeF4例程使⽤说明February 2014DocID025922 Rev 11/22UM1730User manualGetting started with STM32CubeF4 firmware packagefor STM32F4xx seriesIntroductionThe STM32Cube ? initiative was originated by STMicroelectronics to ease developers life by reducing development efforts, time and cost. STM32Cube ? covers the STM32 portfolio.STM32Cube Version 1.x includes:The STM32CubeMX, a graphical software configuration tool that allows to generate C initialization code using graphical wizards ? A comprehensive embedded software platform, delivered per series (such as STM32CubeF4 for STM32F4 series)–The STM32Cube HAL, an STM32 abstraction layer embedded software, ensuring maximized portability across the STM32 portfolio –A consistent set of middleware components such as RTOS, USB, TCP/IP and graphics –All embedded software utilities coming with a full set of examples.This user manual describes how to get started with the STM32CubeF4 firmware package. Section 1 describes the main features of STM32CubeF4 firmware, part of theSTM32Cube ? initiative.Section 2 and Section 3 provide an overview of the STM32CubeF4 architecture andfirmware package structure./doc/51b6f178cfc789eb162dc80c.htmlContents UM1730Contents1STM32CubeF4 main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2STM32CubeF4 architecture overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63STM32CubeF4 firmware package overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.1Supported STM32F4 devices and hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.2Firmware package overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.1How to run your first example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154.2How to develop your own application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164.3Using STM32CubeMX for generating the initialization C code . . . . . . . . 174.4How to get STM32CubeF4 release updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184.4.1How to install and run the STM32CubeUpdater program . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5FAQ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212/22DocID025922 Rev 1UM1730List of tables List of tablesTable 1.Macros for STM32F4 series. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Table 2.Evaluation and Discovery boards for STM32F4 series. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Table 3.Number of examples available for each board. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Table 4.Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21DocID025922 Rev 13/22List of figures UM1730 List of figuresFigure 1.STM32CubeF4 firmware components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Figure 2.STM32CubeF4 firmware architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Figure 3.STM32CubeF4 firmware package structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Figure 4.STM32CubeF4 examples overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4/22DocID025922 Rev 1DocID025922 Rev 15/22UM1730STM32CubeF4 main features 1 STM32CubeF4 main featuresSTM32CubeF4 gathers together, in a single package, all the generic embedded softwarecomponents required to develop an application on STM32F4 microcontrollers. In line withthe STM32Cube initiative, this set of components is highly portable, not only within theSTM32F4 series but also to other STM32 series.STM32CubeF4 is fully compatible with STM32CubeMX code generator that allows the userto generate initialization code. The package includes a low level hardware abstraction layer(HAL) that covers the microcontroller hardware, together with an extensive set of examplesrunning on STMicroelectronics boards. The HAL is available in an open-source BSD licensefor user convenience.STM32CubeF4 package also contains a set of middleware components with thecorresponding examples. They come with very permissive license terms:Full USB Host and Device stack supporting many classes.–Host Classes: HID, MSC, CDC, Audio, MTP –Device Classes: HID, MSC, CDC, Audio, DFU ?STemWin, a professional graphical stack solution available in binary format and based on the emWin solution from ST's partner Segger ?CMSIS-RTOS implementation with FreeRTOS open source solution ?FAT File system based on open source FatFS solution ?TCP/IP stack based on open source LwIP solution ?SSL/TLS secure layer based on open source PolarSSLA demonstration implementing all these middleware components is also provided in theSTM32CubeF4 package.2 STM32CubeF4 architecture overviewThe STM32CubeF4 firmware solution is built around three independent levels that caneasily interact with each other as described in the Figure 1 below:Level 0: This level is divided into three sub-layers:Board Support Package (BSP): this layer offers a set of APIs related to the hardware components on the hardware boards (Audio codec, I/O expander, Touchscreen, SRAMdriver, LCD drivers. etc…) and composed of two parts:–Component: is the driver related to the external device on the board and notrelated to the STM32, the component driver provides specific APIs to the BSPdriver’s external components and can be ported to any board.–BSP driver: it enables the component driver to be linked to a specific board and provides a set of user-friendly APIs. The API naming rule isBSP_FUNCT_Action(): ex. BSP_LED_Init(),BSP_LED_On()It's based on a modular architecture that allows it to be ported easily to any hardwareby just implementing the low level routines.Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL): this layer provides the low level drivers and theand stacks). It provides generic, multi instance and function-oriented APIs which allowto offload the user application implementation by providing ready-to-use processes. Forexample, for the communication peripherals (I2S, UART…) it provides APIs allowing to6/22DocID025922 Rev 1initialize and configure the peripheral, manage data transfer based on polling, interrupt or DMA process, and manage communication errors that may raise duringcommunication. The HAL Drivers APIs are split in two categories, generic APIs which provides common and generic functions to all the STM32 series and extension APIs which provides specific and customized functions for a specific family or a specific part number.Basic peripheral usage examples: this layer contains examples of basic operation of the STM32F4 peripherals using only the HAL and BSP resources.Level 1: This level is divided into two sub-layers:Middleware components: a set of Libraries covering USB Host and Device Libraries, STemWin, FreeRTOS, FatFS, LwIP, and PolarSSL. Horizontal interactions between the components of this layer are done directly by calling the feature APIs while the vertical interaction with the low level drivers is done through specific callbacks and staticmacros implemented in the library system call interface. For example, the FatFsimplements the disk I/O driver to access microSD drive or the USB Mass StorageClass.The main features of each Middleware component are as follows:USB Host and Device Libraries–Several USB classes supported (Mass-Storage, HID, CDC, DFU, AUDIO, MTP)–Supports multi packet transfer features: allows sending big amounts of data without splitting them into max packet size transfers.–Uses configuration files to change the core and the library configuration without changing the library code (Read Only).–Includes 32-bit aligned data structures to handle DMA-based transfer in High-speed modes.–Supports multi USB OTG core instances from user level through configuration file (allows operation with more than one USB host/device peripheral).–RTOS and Standalone operation–The link with low-level driver is done through an abstraction layer using the configuration file to avoid any dependency between the Library and the low-levelsolution–Optimized display drivers–Software tools for code generation and bitmap editing (STemWin Builder…)FreeRTOS–Open source standard–CMSIS compatibility layer–Tickless operation during low-power mode–Integration with all STM32Cube Middleware modulesDocID025922 Rev 17/22FAT File system–FATFS FAT open source library–Long file name support–Dynamic multi-drive support–RTOS and standalone operation–Examples with microSD and USB host Mass-storage classLwIP TCP/IP stack–Open source standard–RTOS and standalone operationExamples based on the Middleware components: each Middleware component comes with one or more examples (called also Applications) showing how to use it.Integration examples that use several Middleware components are provided as well.Level 2: This level is composed of a single layer which is a global real-time and graphicaldemonstration based on the Middleware service layer, the low level abstraction layer andthe applications that make basic use of the peripherals for board-based functions.8/22DocID025922 Rev 1DocID025922 Rev 19/223STM32CubeF4 firmware package overview 3.1 Supported STM32F4 devices and hardwareSTM32Cube offers a highly portable Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) built around ageneric and modular architecture allowing the upper layers, Middleware and Application, toimplement its functions without in-depth knowledge of the MCU being used. This improvesthe library code re-usability and guarantees an easy portability from one device to another.The STM32CubeF4 offers full support for all STM32F4 Series devices. You only have todefine the right macro in stm32f4xx.h.Table 1 below lists which macro to define depending on the STM32F4 device you are using(this macro can also be defined in the compiler preprocessor).STM32CubeF4 features a rich set of examples and demonstrations at all levels making iteasy to understand and use any HAL driver and/or Middleware components. These Table 1. Macros for STM32F4 series Macro defined instm32f4xx.h STM32F4 devicesSTM32F405xx STM32F405RG, STM32F405VG and STM32F405ZGSTM32F415xx STM32F415RG, STM32F415VG and STM32F415ZGSTM32F407xx STM32F407VG, STM32F407VE, STM32F407ZG, STM32F407ZE,STM32F407IG and STM32F407IESTM32F417xx STM32F417VG, STM32F417VE, STM32F417ZG, STM32F417ZE,STM32F417IG and STM32F417IESTM32F427xx STM32F427VG, STM32F427VI, STM32F427ZG, STM32F427ZI,STM32F427IG and STM32F427IISTM32F437xx STM32F437VG, STM32F437VI, STM32F437ZG, STM32F437ZI,STM32F437IG and STM32F437IISTM32F429xx STM32F429VG, STM32F429VI, STM32F429ZG, STM32F429ZI,STM32F429BG, STM32F429BI, STM32F429NG, STM32F439NI,STM32F429IG and STM32F429IISTM32F439xx STM32F439VG, STM32F439VI, STM32F439ZG, STM32F439ZI,STM32F439BG, STM32F439BI, STM32F439NG, STM32F439NI,STM32F439IG and STM32F439IISTM32F401xC STM32F401CB, STM32F401CC, STM32F401RB, STM32F401RC,STM32F401VB and STM32F401VCSTM32F401xESTM32F401CD, STM32F401RD, STM32F401VD, STM32F401CE,STM32F401RE, STM32F401VEexamples can be run on any of the STMicroelectronics boards as listed in Table 2 below:Table 2. Evaluation and Discovery boards for STM32F4 seriesThe STM32CubeF4 firmware is able to run on any compatible hardware. This means youcan simply update the BSP drivers to port the provided examples to your own board, if it hasthe same hardware functions (LED, LCD display, pushbuttons...etc.).overview3.2 FirmwarepackageThe STM32CubeF4 firmware solution is provided in a single zip package with the structureshown in Figure 3 below.10/22DocID025922 Rev 1For each board, a set of examples are provided with preconfigured projects for EWARM, MDK-ARM and TrueSTUDIO toolchains.Figure 4 shows the project structure for the STM324xG-EVAL board. The structure is identical for other boards.The examples are classified depending on the STM32Cube level they apply to, and are named as follows: Examples in level 0 are called Examples, that use HAL drivers without any Middleware componentExamples in level 1 are called Applications, that provide typical use cases of each Middleware component Examples in level 2 are called Demonstration, that implement all the HAL, BSP and Middleware componentsA Template project is provided to allow you to quickly build any firmware application on agiven board.DocID025922 Rev 111/22All examples have the same structure,\Inc folder that contains all header files\Src folder for the sources code\EWARM, \MDK-ARM and \TrueSTUDIO folders contain the preconfigured project for each toolchain.readme.txt describing the example behavior and the environment required to make it work 12/22DocID025922 Rev 1Figure 4. STM32CubeF4 examples overviewDocID025922 Rev 113/22Table 3 provides the number of examples, applications and demonstrations available for each board.Table 3. Number of examples available for each boardBoard Examples Applications Demonstration STM324x9I_EVAL83561STM324xG_EVAL68521STM32F4-Discovery2241STM32F401-Discovery2041STM32F429I-Discovery2681STM32F4xx-Nucleo3NA NA14/22DocID025922 Rev 1UM1730Getting startedstarted4 Getting4.1 How to run your first exampleThis section explains how simple it is to run a first example with STM32CubeF4. As an illustration let's consider to run a simple LED toggling example running on the STM32F4-Discovery board:1.After downloading the STM32CubeF4 firmware package, unzip it into a directory of your choice, you just need to ensure that the package structure is not modified (as shown in Figure 3 above).2. Browse to \Projects\STM32F4-Discovery\Examples.3. Open \GPIO, then the \GPIO_EXTI folder.4. Open the project with your preferred toolchain.5. Rebuild all files and load your image into target memory.6. Run the example: each time you press User button 4, the LEDs will toggle (for more details, refer to the example readme file).You will get a quick overview of how to open, build and run an example with the supported toolchains.EWARM–Under the example folder, open the \EWARM subfolder–Open the Project.eww workspace(a)–Rebuild all files: Project->Rebuild all–Load project image: Project->Debug–Run program: Debug->Go(F5)MDK-ARM–Under the example folder, open the \MDK-ARM subfolder–Open the Project.uvproj workspace(a)–Rebuild all files: Project->Rebuild all target files–Load project image: Debug->Start/Stop Debug Session–Run program: Debug->Run (F5)TrueSTUDIO–Open the TrueSTUDIO toolchain–Click on File->Switch Workspace->Other and browse to the TrueSTUDIOworkspace directory–Click on File->Import, select General->'Existing Projects into Workspace' and then click “Next”.–Browse to the TrueSTUDIO workspace directory, select the project–Rebuild all project files: Select the project in the “Project explorer” window then click on Project->build project menu.–Run program: Run->Debug (F11)a.The workspace name may change from one example to anotherDocID025922 Rev 115/22Getting started UM17304.2 How to develop your own applicationThis section describes the required steps needed to create your own application usingSTM32CubeF4.1.Create your project: to create a new project you can either start from the Templateproject provided for each board under \Projects\\Templates or fromany available project under \Projects\\Examples orSTM32F4-Discovery).The Template project provides an empty main loop function, this is a good starting pointto allow you to get familiar with the project settings for STM32CubeF4. It has thefollowing characteristics:a) It contains sources of the HAL, CMSIS and BSP drivers which are the minimumrequired components to develop code for a given boardb) It contains the include paths for all the firmware componentsc) It defines the STM32F4 device supported, allowing to have the right configurationfor the CMSIS and HAL driversd) It provides ready-to-use user files preconfigured as follows:- HAL is initialized- SysTick ISR implemented for HAL_Delay() purpose- System clock is configured with the maximum frequency of the deviceNote:If you copy an existing project to another location, then you need to update the include paths.2. Add the necessary Middleware to your project (optional): available Middlewarestacks are: USB Host and Device Libraries, STemWin, FreeRTOS, FatFS, LwIP, andPolarSSL. To find out which source files you need to add to the project files list, refer tothe documentation provided for each Middleware, you can also have a look at theapplications available under \Projects\STM32xx_xxx\Applications\( refers to the Middleware stack, for example USB_Device) to get a betteridea of the source files to be added and the include paths.3. Configure the firmware components: the HAL and Middleware components offer a set of build time configuration options using macros declared with “#define” in a header file. A template configuration file is provided within each component, which you have to copy to the project folder (usually the configuration file is named xxx_conf_template.h. The word “_template” needs to be removed when copying it to the project folder). The configuration file provides enough information to know the effect of each configuration option. More detailed information is available in the documentation provided for each component.4. Start the HAL Library: after jumping to the main program, the application code needsUM1730Getting started5. Configure the system clock: the system clock configuration is done by calling these two APIsa) HAL_RCC_OscConfig(): configures the internal and/or external oscillators, PLL source and factors. You can choose to configure one oscillator or all oscillators.You can also skip the PLL configuration if there is no need to run the system athigh frequencyb) HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(): configures the system clock source, Flash latency and AHB and APB prescalers6. Develop your application process: at this stage, your system is ready and you can start developing your application code.a) The HAL provides intuitive and ready-to-use APIs for configuring the peripheral, and supports polling, interrupt and DMA programming models, to accommodateany application requirements. For more details on how to use each peripheral,refer to the rich examples set provided.b) If your application has some real-time constraints, you can find a large set of examples showing how to use FreeRTOS and integrate it with all Middlewarestacks provided in STM32CubeF4, it can be a good starting point for yourdevelopment.c) IMPORTANT NOTE: care must be taken when using HAL_Delay(). This functionprovides an accurate delay (in milliseconds) based on a variable incremented inSysTick ISR. This implies that if HAL_Dely() is called from a peripheral ISRprocess, then the SysTick interrupt must have the highest priority (numericallylower) than the peripheral interrupt. Otherwise the caller ISR process will beblocked. To change the SysTick interrupt priority, you have to use theHAL_NVIC_SetPriority() function.4.3 Using STM32CubeMX for generating the initialization C codeAnother alternative to Steps 1 to 5 described in Section 4.2 consists in using theSTM32CubeMX tool to easily generate code for the initialization of the system, theperipherals and middleware (Steps 1 to 5 above) through a step-by-step process:Selection of the STMicroelectronics STM32 microcontroller that matches the required set of peripherals. Configuration of each required embedded software thanks to a pinout-conflict solver, a clock-tree setting helper, a power consumption calculator, and an utility performingMCU peripheral configuration (GPIO, USART...) and middleware stacks (USB,TCP/IP...).Generation of the initialization C code based on the configuration selected. This code is ready to be used within several development environments. The user code is kept atthe next code generation.For more information, please refer to UM1718.DocID025922 Rev 117/22Getting started UM173018/22DocID025922 Rev 14.4 How to get STM32CubeF4 release updatesThe STM32CubeF4 firmware package comes with an updater utility: STM32CubeUpdater,also available as a menu within STM32CubeMX code generation tool.The updater solution detects new firmware releases and patches available from/doc/51b6f178cfc789eb162dc80c.html andproposes to download them to the user’s computer.4.4.1 How to install and run the STM32CubeUpdater programDouble-click SetupSTM32CubeUpdater.exe file to launch the installation.?Accept the license terms and follow the different installation steps.Upon successful installation, STM32CubeUpdater becomes available as an STMicroelectronics program under Program Files and is automatically launched.The STM32CubeUpdater icon appears in the system tray:Right-click the updater icon and select Updater Settings to configure the Updater connection and whether to performmanual or automatic checks (see STM32CubeMXUser guide - UM1718 section 3 - for more details on Updater configuration).UM1730FAQ 5 FAQWhat is the license scheme for the STM32CubeF4 firmware?The HAL is distributed under a non-restrictive BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) license. The Middleware stacks made by ST (USB Host and Device Libraries, STemWin) come with a licensing model allowing easy reuse, provided it runs on an ST device.The Middleware based on well-known open-source solutions (FreeRTOS, FatFs, LwIP and PolarSSL) have user-friendly license terms. For more details, refer to the license agreement of each Middleware.What boards are supported by the STM32CubeF4 firmware package?The STM32CubeF4 firmware package provides BSP drivers and ready-to-use examples for the following STM32F4 boards: STM324x9I_EVAL, STM324xG_EVAL, STM32F4-Discovery, STM32F401-Discovery, STM32F429I-Discovery, STM32F4xx-Nucleo.Is there any link with Standard Peripheral Libraries?The STM32Cube HAL Layer is the replacement of the Standard Peripheral Library.The HAL APIs offer a higher abstraction level compared to the standard peripheral APIs. HAL focuses on peripheral common functionalities rather than hardware. The higher abstraction level allows to define a set of user friendly APIs that can be easily ported from one product to another.Customers currently using Standard Peripheral Libraries will be helped through Migration guides. Existing Standard Peripheral Libraries will be supported, but not recommended for new designs.Does the HAL take benefit from interrupts or DMA? How can this becontrolled?without interrupt generation).Are any examples provided with the ready-to-use toolset projects?Yes. STM32CubeF4 provides a rich set of examples and applications (140 forSTM324x9I_EVAL). They come with the preconfigured project of several toolsets: IAR, Keil and GCC.How are the product/peripheral specific features managed?The HAL offers extended APIs, i.e. specific functions as add-ons to the common API to support features available on some products/lines only.How can STM32CubeMX generate code based on embedded software?STM32CubeMX has a built-in knowledge of STM32 microcontrollers, including theirperipherals and software. This enables the tool to provide a graphical representation to the user and generate *.h/*.c files based on user configuration.DocID025922 Rev 119/22。
STM32nucleo_L476RG使用指南
为了使用以前的 printf 函数，首先需要引入库函个新的 fputc 函数 //Retargets the C library printf function to the UART. int fputc(int ch, FILE *f) {
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)&ch, 1, 0xFFFF); return ch; } 这样就可以兼容以前开发的 F103 的功能函数了。 注意：如果系统中需要多个串口，需要对 printf 进行二次封装，自己开发 USRAT_printf 函数，其原理是，每次在使 用 printf 函数前，先变换此函数的对应的输出设备的句柄，例如换成串口 1，串口 2。 利用 printf 函数输出串口数据，效率一般。
digitalHi(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5)
#define LED3_ON
digitalLo(GPIOA,GPIO_PIN_5)
四、串口函数的使用
1.发送函数
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2,"HELLO\n",30,3); 其中，第一个参数比较变态 UART_HandleTypeDef huart2; UART_HandleTypeDef 为系统定义的一个结构体。
stm32开发的方法 -回复
stm32开发的方法-回复stm32开发的方法是指使用ST公司推出的stm32系列微控制器进行嵌入式系统开发的方法。
stm32系列是基于ARM Cortex-M内核的微控制器，具有高性能、低功耗和丰富的外设资源，因此在嵌入式系统开发领域被广泛应用。
本文将一步一步回答关于stm32开发的方法，包括stm32开发环境的搭建、开发工具的选择、编程语言的使用、项目管理和debug技巧等方面。
一、stm32开发环境的搭建1. 安装集成开发环境(IDE)首先，需要从ST公司官网下载并安装适合的IDE，常用的有Keil MDK、IAR Embedded Workbench和STM32CubeIDE等。
这些IDE都提供了对stm32系列微控制器的支持，并且具有编译、调试和下载等功能。
2. 安装驱动和编译器在搭建stm32开发环境时，需要安装相应的驱动和编译器。
驱动是用于连接开发板和计算机的，而编译器用于将源代码编译成可执行文件。
一般来说，IDE会自动安装所需的驱动和编译器，用户只需要按照提示进行操作即可。
3. 连接硬件设备将开发板通过USB线缆连接到计算机上，确保开发板被正确识别。
一般来说，开发板上会有指示灯提示连接状态。
二、开发工具的选择stm32开发工具有多种选择，包括ST-Link、J-Link和ULink等。
这些工具是用于与开发板进行连接和调试的。
其中，ST-Link是ST公司推出的，支持stm32系列微控制器，适用于大多数stm32开发项目。
三、编程语言的使用stm32开发支持多种编程语言，主要包括C语言和汇编语言。
C语言是开发stm32项目的主要语言，而汇编语言主要用于一些底层操作。
C语言具有结构清晰、易于阅读和维护的特点，适合嵌入式系统开发。
四、项目管理在stm32开发中，项目管理是一项重要的工作。
可以通过创建项目文件夹、版本控制和任务管理等方式来管理项目。
合理的项目管理可以提高开发效率和代码质量。
flasher stm32 用法
flasher stm32 用法一、STM32 简介STM32是由意法半导体（STMicroelectronics）推出的一款32位嵌入式微控制器。
它基于ARM Cortex-M内核，提供了丰富的外设接口和强大的处理性能，被广泛应用于各种嵌入式系统和应用中。
二、Flasher STM32 概述Flasher STM32是一款用于烧录STM32微控制器的编程器。
它能够将程序代码和数据存储到STM32的闪存中，并支持对闪存中的内容进行擦除和重新编程。
使用Flasher STM32可以方便地更新和调试STM32系统，提高开发效率和可靠性。
三、Flasher STM32 的使用步骤下面将详细介绍Flasher STM32的使用步骤，以帮助初学者迅速上手：1. 准备工作在使用Flasher STM32之前，需要准备好以下设备和软件：- STM32微控制器开发板- USB连接线- Flasher STM32编程器- STM32CubeIDE或其他相关开发环境（用于生成程序代码）2. 连接设备将STM32开发板通过USB连接线与Flasher STM32编程器相连。
确保连接线接触良好，没有松动。
3. 安装驱动程序根据Flasher STM32编程器的型号，安装对应的驱动程序。
一般情况下，驱动程序会随编程器附带或在官方网站上提供下载。
4. 打开开发环境打开STM32CubeIDE或其他相关的开发环境，创建一个新项目或打开现有的项目。
5. 编写代码根据自己的需求，编写STM32的程序代码。
可以使用C/C++语言，借助开发环境提供的API和库函数进行操作。
6. 配置编程器在开发环境中配置Flasher STM32编程器的相关参数。
一般来说，需要选择正确的编程器型号和连接接口（如USB），并指定目标设备的型号。
7. 编译和烧录使用开发环境提供的编译器，将程序代码编译成二进制文件。
然后，使用FlasherSTM32编程器将二进制文件烧录到STM32的闪存中。
STM32入门教程
STM32入门教程STM32是一款由意法半导体(STMicroelectronics)开发的32位微控制器系列。
它是一种广泛应用于嵌入式系统设计的芯片，具有高性能、低功耗、丰富的外设接口以及可编程的特点。
对于初学者来说，入门STM32可能会有一定的难度。
本篇教程将逐步介绍STM32的基本知识和入门方法，帮助初学者快速上手。
第一部分：STM32简介在入门STM32之前，我们首先了解一些基本的背景知识。
STM32系列采用了ARM Cortex-M内核，具有不同的系列和型号，例如STM32F1xx、STM32F4xx等。
不同的系列和型号拥有不同的性能和外设接口，所以在选型时需要根据具体需求进行选择。
第二部分：开发环境搭建第三部分：编写第一个程序第四部分：外设的使用STM32拥有丰富的外设接口，包括GPIO、UART、SPI、I2C等。
在这一部分，我们将详细介绍如何使用这些外设。
以GPIO为例，我们将学习如何配置GPIO引脚的输入输出模式，如何控制GPIO引脚的高低电平，以及如何使用外部中断功能。
类似地，我们还将介绍UART、SPI和I2C等外设的使用方法。
第五部分：中断的处理中断是STM32中一个非常重要的特性。
它可以让我们在程序运行的同时，对外部事件做出及时的响应。
本节我们将学习如何配置和使用中断。
首先，我们需要了解中断向量表和中断优先级的概念。
然后，学习如何编写中断处理函数，并配置和启用中断。
最后，通过一个例子，演示如何使用中断来处理外部事件，例如按键的按下和释放。
第六部分：时钟和定时器时钟和定时器是嵌入式系统中非常重要的功能模块。
STM32提供了多个时钟源和定时器模块，可以用于各种定时任务和时序要求。
在这一部分，我们将学习如何配置时钟源和时钟分频器，以及如何配置和使用定时器。
通过一个实例，我们将学习如何使用定时器来产生精确的延时和周期性的中断信号。
第七部分：存储器和编程方法STM32拥有多种存储器类型，包括闪存、RAM和EEPROM等。
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STM32F401 Nucleo 开发板使用说明指南
曾听一位前辈说过，在电子产业，原地踏步或是前行缓慢，实则是在退
步，非常危险。
如今看来，确实如此，摩托罗拉、诺基亚移动等都成了生动
的例子。
而作为更新周期较快的嵌入式半导体行业，竞争同样激烈，前有Atmel 推出的Xplained Pro 平台生态圈，现又出现了意法半导体的Nucleo 系列板卡。
Nucleo 是意法半导体加入ARM embed 项目后的又一个风格系列板卡，有两个鲜明的特点：1.兼容Arduino UNO R3 Shield 扩展板、2. 支持ARM embed 项目。
或许有人会有疑问，什幺是ARM embed 项目？mbed 是一个面向ARM Cortex-M 系列处理器的原型开发平台，主要用于培育物联网（IoT）的协作项目，包括了免费的软件库（SDK），硬件参考设计（HDK）和在线
工具（Web）三部分，为用户提供简单、方便快捷的基于ARM Cortex-M 处理器的MCU 开发、调试等操作。
最近，爱板网也拿到了一款由贸泽电子提
供的基于ARM Cortex-M4 处理器的意法半导体Nucleo 系列板卡STM32F401 Nucleo，这是意法半导体不久前才推出的板卡，在惊叹于贸泽电子能第一时间拿到货源的同时也非常感谢贸泽电子将板子提供给爱板网评
测，让广大网友第一时间体验ST 的最新板卡。
STM32F401 Nucleo 开发板。