英语翻译

UNIT1

大家普遍承认人是社会性的动物，生活在同一社会的我们自然指望有朋友。至于什么是友谊，人们有各自不同的理解。有些人交朋友是为了彼此有用，一旦失去这个基础，这种友谊也就中止了。但更多的人渴望“心灵之友（soul pals）”，即那种拥有高尚情操，能共度磨难的朋友。这样的友谊使我们远离贪欲、暴力，鼓励我们敢于按照自己的信念说话和做事。这样的友谊才是我们说的“真挚和完美的友谊”。As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humans are social animals. Bonded together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends. As to what friendship is, people have different notions / ideas. Some make friends for mutual utility. Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. However, a lot more people long for "soul pals" — those who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together. Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and encourage us to have the courage of our convictions. Such is what we call "true and perfect friendship". UNIT2 1. 我们人手不足。2. 我手中还有些钱。3. 请帮忙提一下这只箱子。4. 我经常把字典放在手边。5. 那些足球迷失去控制了。6. 把铅笔分发给班上每个学生。7. 这枚戒指是我奶奶传给我的。

8. 时间到了，请把试卷交上来。9. 请把这本杂志传给你的室友看。10. 对不起，我恐怕帮不了你。我是生手。1. We are short of hands.2. I still have some money in hand.3. Give me a hand with this box, please.4. I often keep a dictionary at hand.5. The football fans were out of hand.6. Hand out the pencils to everyone in the class.7. This ring was handed down to me by my grandmother.8. Time's up. Please hand in your test papers.9. Please hand on the magazine to your roommates.10. I'm afraid I can't help you. I'm a green hand.

1. 无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。(maximum; minimum)

2. 我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人。(build on; sincerity）

3. 我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但一切努力都是徒劳的，母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病。(in vain)

4. 情人节（Valentine's Day）是个一年一度在2月14日庆祝的节日，一个向自己心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子。(affection)

5. 在信息时代，通过电子邮件方式跟远方的朋友交流几乎可以是同步的(simultaneous)。(era; via)

6. 爱情需要时间，因为只有慢慢习惯和学会欣赏对方才会产生出爱情。(grow used to; forge) 1. In either friendship or love / In both friendship and love, you should never expect to take / receive the maximum while you give the minimum.

2. I built all my hopes on his promise(s), only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all.

3. We took Mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease.

4. Valentine's Day is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14, a perfect day to express love to the object of your / one's affection.

5. In the information era, communications with far-away friends via e-mail can be almost / virtually simultaneous.

6. Love takes time, for it is not forged until you have grown used to the other's company and learned to appreciate the other.

1. Based on Text A, write a passage about the different ways different generations handle male-female relationships. The following hints may be of some help.

1) "our" parents' generation (details mainly found in Para. 8);

2) "my" generation (details mainly found in Paras. 3-7) ;

3) the younger generation (details mainly found in Paras. 9-11).

1.

Male-female relations are indispensable to adults all through their lives. But different generations handle them differently. Our parents' generation lived in an era of constraints, restraints, respect, admiration, and plenty of romance. They kept a distance from people of the opposite gender in order to preserve the holiness of love and relationships.

My generation, on the other hand, began with countless crushes for the opposite sex just because of their superficial charm. Harmless as it was, the love was as brief as soap bubbles. As we grew up, we came to the stage of developing real relationships, believing that love demanded a lot of give and not so much of take.

By comparison, the younger generation is more open-minded and less restricted in handling the matter of love and relationships. They jump on the bandwagon of love with so much haste that it is difficult for them to distinguish between physical attraction and mental compatibilities.

In short, the younger generation focuses more on physical beauty, closeness and passion, and they tend to seek what they want from the relationships. The other two generations give priority to inner charm, intimacy, emotion and sharing in dealing with relationships.

2. Study the data on love and marriage based on a survey with girl students. Write a passage on the topic "What do girl students look for in love and life?"

2.

What Do Girl Students Look for in Love and Life?

In order to know about girl students' opinion about love and life, a survey with girl students was conducted in 2005 in two universities — Chongqing University of Technology and Business and East China Normal University. The survey sought answers to two questions: What do you look for first in a boyfriend? What's the most important thing for a happy life?

About one third of the students chose personality as the top factor in choosing a boyfriend, followed by 27 percent focusing on abilities. Next came common interests and goals, favoured by 17 percent, with only 14 percent of students claiming appearance to be uppermost in their minds. Fewer still, 11 percent, rated economic status as the first consideration.

As to their views about a happy life, nearly seventy percent of the girls attached the greatest importance to marriage and family. "Career" was given top priority by just under 20 percent, while even fewer, around 9 percent, believed that money was the key to a happy life.

Based on the survey, we may conclude that nowadays, girl students generally hold a rational attitude towards love and life. Admittedly, the improved material conditions of life explain why girls take economic status and money rather lightly. But contrary to the popular view that girls are more concerned about self-development in the workplace and social status, they still regard marriage and family life as central to a happy life.

Unit3

1. 你的画漂亮多了。

2. 如果我能做得有你一半好就好了！

3. 出版社已发行了比去年多一倍的书籍。

4. 我们不得不做更多的工作，却只得到更少的钱。

5. 人们物质生活富裕多了，精神生活却贫乏了1. Your picture / painting is far / much more beautiful.

2. If only I could do half as well as you (have done)!

3. The publishing house has produced twice as many books as it did last year.

4. We had to do more work for less money.

5. While people are richer in material wealth, their spiritual life is poorer.

1. 千百年来哲学家们费尽心机从各自的角度阐述何为幸福。(take pains; point of view)

2. 刚上大学时，突然发现自己得处理所有日常事物，直到那时自己才觉得在父母身边生活真是幸福。(leave ... with ...)

3. 你不要总是和别人攀比，否则你可能会陷于忧郁之中，因为毕竟有许多人比你强。(comparison; depression)

4. 今天人们生活比以前富裕多了，闲暇时间也多了，奇怪的是人们反而觉得生活乏味了。(better off; leisure)

5. 事实上，人生是漫长而缺少兴奋的。如果期待每天都如戏剧般精彩必定会遭遇失望。(in effect; inevitable)

6. 过于顺利的生活可能具有破坏性，因为人们没有机会学会怎样应对挫折。这能部分解释年轻人居高不下的自杀率。(destructive; in part)

1. For thousands of years philosophers have taken pains to illustrate / explain / interpret the meaning of happiness from their own points of view.

2. When I first came to college, I suddenly found myself left with everything to deal with by myself. It was not until then did I realize that living with my parents was truly a happy experience.

3. You shouldn't always make comparison with others; otherwise, you may be trapped in / fall into depression, for there are always many others who are better than you.

4. Today people are much better off and enjoy more leisure. Strangely enough, they find life boring / dull.

5. Life, in effect, is long but short of excitement. You are sure to suffer from inevitable disappointment if you expect everyday life to be as exciting as a drama.

6. A life that is too easy / smooth may also be destructive because it offers no opportunity for one to learn how to deal with / handle failures / frustrations / setbacks. That / This in part explains / accounts for the high rates of suicide among young people.

7、幸福和金钱肯定有关联。毕竟，太艰辛的生活会磨灭一个人快乐的感觉。但是幸福决不仅仅源于金钱。当今社会整体上的生活水平已经得到了很大提高，大多数人都能享受到丰衣足食的生活。但是，今天的人们真地感到更快乐了吗？事实上，当各类媒体、广告依然在强化拥有更多就更快乐这一理念时，人们发现自己越来越渴望快乐而健康的精神生活：爱，尊重，安全感以及实现自我价值的自豪感。正如一位智者曾经指出：幸福不在于一个人挣多少钱，而在于他对待生活的乐观态度。那些认为生活空虚无聊的富翁就是很好的反面例证。

Happiness must have much to do with money. After all, a hard life will wear out one's sense of joy. However, happiness doesn't derive from money alone. Today's society as a whole has seen dramatic improvement in the standard of living, and the majority of people are decently fed and clothed. However, are people happier today? In fact, when the mass media and commercial advertisements are still reinforcing the notion that to be happy is to possess more, people find themselves longing more earnestly than ever for a happy and healthy spiritual life: being loved, respected, feeling safe and proud of realizing their self-value. As a wise man once pointed out, happiness lies in the positive attitude one holds towards life other than how much money one earns. Those millionaires who view life as boring and empty serve as good negative examples.

8、Write an essay entitled "Man Does Not Live by Bread Alone". You can refer to the following outline:

1) Material things are important for man's existence.

2) Man also seeks spiritual satisfaction.

3) Your conclusion.

Man Does Not Live by Bread Alone

No one would doubt the truth that man's existence relies essentially on material things. We need them to get fed, clothed and sheltered. Once we are living near the breadline, we'll feel frustrated and miserable.

However, our contentment does not merely lie in material things. This is especially the case in modern times. The fast-developing economy has noticeably improved our lives and fulfilled most of our material needs. Then there comes the need of spiritual satisfaction, which is derived from good health, close friends, a loving spouse, well-raised children, a home built on love, a clear conscience, a worthy goal and an enjoyable job. While material things may lose their charm over time, spiritual satisfaction will bring us lasting happiness.

Therefore, to live a happy life, we should focus more on those things that meet our spiritual demands. After all, when our need for bread is met, happiness will not come unless we feel spiritually satisfied.

Unit4

1.(令人失望) to see so many university students indulging themselves in computer games. 2(.我觉得没用) trying to explain to him again — He's not interested at all.

3.(不可能) to write a book or make a film that suits every individual.

4.(他们一直保密) that the President was dead.

5.(仍然不明朗) how far the globalization process will go.

1. It is disappointing

2. I find it useless / pointless

3. It is not possible / It is impossible

4. They kept it a secret / kept it quiet

5. It is still not clear

1. 他们带着生病的父亲远赴北京，希望能治好他的心脏病。(in the hope of)

2. 普及艾滋病知识的活动需要继续开展，这个阶段的重点放在这种病的传播途径。(carry on; contract)

3. 权力如果运用得当则百姓安居乐业，运用不当则殃及百姓日常生计。(render)

4. 政府使用核武器来防御恐怖袭击算是正当行为吗？(justifiably; guard against)

5. 由于缺乏对这种病的了解，许多人依然认为HIV受害者都是自作自受。(owing to; ignorance)

6. 新发布的关于改善农村医疗系统的报告让我们相信农村地区缺医少药的时代终将结束。(issue; bring sth. to an end)

1) They took their sick father on a long journey to Beijing in the hope of finding a cure for / in the hope of curing his heart disease / problem.

2) The campaign of Knowing More About AIDS needs to be carried on, and for / at this stage the emphasis is put on the way (how) the disease is contracted.

3) If power is properly applied / used / exercised, the lives of the common people will be rendered happy. If not, their daily life will be placed under threat.

4) Could a government justifiably use nuclear weapons to guard against terrorist attacks?

5) Owing to ignorance of the disease, many people still believe that HIV victims deserve what they suffer.

6) The newly issued report on improving the medical system in rural areas leads us to believe

that the era is to be brought to an end when such areas are always short of doctors and medicines.

退休终止了一个人的职业生涯。人们突然发现再也不能继续自己已经干了几十年的工作。有些老人很难适应这个变化，陷于忧郁之中，认为自己没用了。的确，忧郁已经成为威胁老年人健康的一个主要因素。不过，在中国许多老人仍然通过为成年儿女服务，如照看孙辈，补贴零用钱等感到自己仍然有用。但问题是老人们是否还应该尝试用其他方式来丰富他们的空闲时间以获得一个更有意义的晚年生活？

我建议老人们少操心儿女的生活，给儿女足够的空间让他们负责自己的生活。毕竟老人们为社会和家庭贡献了这么多年，他们应该受到年轻人多方面的尊重，年轻人对年长的父母要更宽容些。Retirement brings people's career to an end. They find, all of a sudden, that they can no more / longer carry on the job they have done for dozens of years. Some old people cannot adapt themselves to such a change and thus become depressed, believing that they are no longer useful. Indeed, depression has become one of the leading threats to old people's health. Nonetheless, many old people in China are able to maintain their sense of usefulness by rendering their grown-up children services, such as taking care of their grandchildren and providing allowances to them. The question remains as to whether senior citizens should try other means to fill up their leisure, rendering their later years still more meaningful. I suggest the old concern themselves less with their children and make room for young people to take responsibility for their own lives. After all, the old deserve respect from the young and the young should tolerate their aged parents more, on the grounds that the old have contributed so much for so many years both to their family and to society.

1. Write an essay entitled "AIDS across the Earth". You can refer to the following outline for your writing.

1) The current prevalence of AIDS across the Earth;

2) Causes for the prevalence (Remember to emphasize the prejudice against AIDS patients and the ignorance about HIV positives);

3) Suggested ways to solve the problem.

1.

AIDS Across the Earth

AIDS has killed and is threatening to kill millions all across the earth. Several million infections are reported by WHO each year. The virus does not care whether you are black or white, male or female, young or old. It will attack you as long as you are a human. Today, AIDS has become the leading killer of young adults and is turning the children whose parents suffer the disease into orphans. It is no exaggeration to say that we live under the shadow of AIDS.

There are several possible causes for such a situation: unsafe sexual intercourse; sharing or reusing contaminated needles; transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products; an infected person's pregnancy, giving birth and breastfeeding, etc. Unfortunately, our ignorance, prejudice and silence have carried the situation to a desperate extreme. Patients are isolated or treated as outcasts by their families and their communities. AIDS victims feel ashamed to be identified as such and try hard to hide their disease. For this reason, they cannot get immediate medical treatment. Our harmful attitudes towards the disease and its victims have actually placed more people at risk.

In our fight against this deadly disease, we should educate people on how to avoid being infected with the disease and how to lead a healthy and secure life and, more importantly, how to treat AIDS patients properly. Only in this way can we really bring AIDS under control.

2. Survey reveals main cause of death of people under 35

Suicide is the main cause of death among young adults in China, the state media said yesterday in a report that highlights the growing pressures to succeed in love, work and education in one of the world's fastest changing societies.

Increasing stress, loneliness and a lack of medical support for depression are thought to have contributed to an annual suicide toll that is estimated at 250,000 people a year.

According to China Daily, an additional 2.5 million to 3.5 million make unsuccessful attempts to kill themselves each year.

2.

Why Do the Young Adults Kill Themselves?

Young adults are in the prime of their lives and are supposed to pursue their dreams and enjoy themselves. Yet it was reported in the Guardian that suicide is the main cause of death among young adults in China. Why have so many young people ended their lives?

Three factors are thought to account for the high suicide rate: increasing stress, loneliness and a lack of medical support for depression. The most pressing one, I think, is stress. Take my college life for example. From the first day I entered the university, I have been living under pressure. I used to worry that I could not quite fit into the campus life; I also feared that I might not catch up with my classmates in my studies or could not live up to my parents' expectations. Now I am deeply concerned about whether I can find a desirable job after graduation. Endless pressures give rise to stress. Loneliness is another problem. Many young people find they just feel helpless when they are suffering intolerable sadness or frustration.

Suicide is a great tragedy, especially for the young. If we can find ways to relieve them of their stress and offer timely help, we may save many young lives.

Unit5

1. 培养正确的感情是极其必要的，因为它可为一个人将来学习和工作的成功奠定基础。(indispensable; lay the foundations for)

2. 中国西部发展急需人才，政府为此制定了优惠政策，号召更多大学毕业生去西部工作。(cry out for; to this end)

3. 你怎么可以在我这样艰难的时候对我置之不理呢？我们患难与共差不多半个世纪了。(turn one's back on; practically)

4. 网虫们(web addicts) 很多时间都泡在网上，以至于他们无法分辨虚拟世界与现实世界。(draw a distinction between; virtual)

5. 生活在城市的人常常有这样的幻想：乡村生活是闲适安逸的。其实不一定是这回事儿。(resident; rural; be the case)

6. 远程学习是个全球化的趋势（trend）。随着它的迅速发展，人们无论身处何地都能有同样方便的途径享受教育资源。(global; access)

1. Cultivating the right emotions is indispensable in that / because it lays the foundations for the successes of one's future work and studies.

2. West China is crying out for talented people for its development. To this end, the government has laid down / made favorable policies, calling for more college graduates to go and work there.

3. How can you turn your back on me when I am in such difficulty? We have gone through trials and tribulations for practically half a century.

4. Web addicts spend so much time on the Internet that they are unable to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real world.

5. Urban / City residents often have the illusion that rural life is always leisurely and comfortable. In fact, that may not be the case.

6. Distance learning is a global trend. With its quick growth / development, people are given / can enjoy an equally convenient access to educational resources, no matter where they are. 科技进步带来了整个世界教育理念的变化，它不仅生成了“网络大学”这样的新的教育形式，而且也使“终生教育”具有可操作性。另外，今天的人们似乎更青睐实用性知识。但是，无论怎么变化，教育必须始终奉守自己的传统角色：启迪学生的思想。面对本世纪出现的新问题，我们依然期望教育能着重培养学生批判性的思维能力（competence）和工作上的协作能力。而且，我们希望教育承担起弘扬传统美德的重担，引导人们摒弃贪婪、淫欲和暴力等负面的欲望。Scientific development has brought about global changes in educational thought. It not only generates such a new form of education as "virtual universities" but turns "lifelong learning" into a workable project. In addition, people today seem to be in favor of practical knowledge. But whatever changes there might have been, education must stick to its classic role: to enlighten learners. Confronted with the new problems of this century, we still expect that education should put more emphasis on cultivating learners' competence to think critically and to work collaboratively / with team spirit. Furthermore, we hope that education will take the responsibility of promoting traditional virtues by guiding learners to dispense with negative desires like greed, lust and violence. 1. Write an essay entitled "The Significance of Lifelong Education". The following outline may be of some help:

1) In the past, a college education was enough to ensure a well-paid, much-respected job and

a sense of achievement.

2) Today, with the increasing competition in our "knowledge society", it is a must to renew one's knowledge and upgrade one's skills. What's more, a general college education serves only as a passport to lifetime education.

3) The concept of lifelong education finds expression in the slogan "Live and Learn".

1.

The Significance of Lifelong Education

Decades ago, due to the low standard of living in China, only a small percentage of the nation's population could receive college education. Once given the opportunity, one would surely secure a well-paid and much-respected job, which he or she would probably do for a lifetime. Therefore, to secure a college degree used to be the ultimate goal of a person's education.

Today, however, we are living in what is called a "knowledge society", where creative ideas and innovations are generated at a fantastic speed. One must constantly renew one's knowledge and upgrade one's skills so as to meet the needs of the changing world. Moreover, at the stage of general education, it is pointless for a person to attempt to know everything. When one is required to settle down to be a specialist in a specific field, one has to make an in-depth study of the subject one is supposed to know. In this sense, general education can provide students with only a passport to lifelong education. As Robert Maynard Hutchins once said, the object of education is to prepare the young to educate themselves throughout their lives.

In my opinion, life in modern society is not only a process of "learning to live" but also

a process of "living to learn". The slogan "Live and Learn" can best reflect the concept of lifelong education.

Unit6

这工作我越做越开心。2. 越是冒险我越喜欢3. 你开始得越早，就完成得越快。4. 你认识的人越多，你和他们在一起的时间就越少。5. 你学的越多，就发现自己懂的越少。1. The longer I am at this job, the happier I am.

2. The more risky it is, the more I like it.

3. The sooner you start, the easier / sooner you'll finish it.

4. The more people you know, the less time you'll spend with them.

5. The more you learn, the less you find you know.

1. 我们中国人会再三地请客人多吃饭桌上的菜，以表明我们好客。(help oneself to ... ; proof)

. 正是通过倾听人们的谈话和观察他们的举止，我们才加强了了解社会的能力。(by means of; capacity)

3. 安全感常常来自对环境的熟悉，所以人们对于陌生的环境往往会抵制或避开。(familiarity; resist; tendency)

4. 我们往往对某地区的人产生偏见甚至敌意（hostility），这是由于我们不熟悉他们。(attribute)

5. 我觉得直接拒绝是一种礼貌，而我父母却很少说“不”，以免使对方为难。(decline)

6. 知识积累有两种方式：亲身体验和间接体验。能为我们打开不同文化世界的阅读属于间接体验。(build up; open up) 1. As a proof of our hospitality, we Chinese will repeatedly ask our guests to help themselves to the dishes on the table.

2. It is by means of listening to what people say and observing how they behave that we've strengthened our own capacity to learn about / understand society.

3. One's sense of safety comes from familiarity with the environment; so people have the tendency to resist or avoid new situations.

4. We tend to show prejudice against or even hostility towards people from a certain region, which can be attributed to the fact that we are unfamiliar with them.

5. I believe it is polite to decline directly, while my parents seldom say "No" so as not to embarrass others.

6. There are two means to build up knowledge: to get it personally or by second-hand experience. Reading, which opens up a new world of different cultures for us, belongs to second-hand experience.

一旦移居国外，人们会感到焦虑不安，甚至无法处理日常事务。这归咎于他们丧失了原来所熟悉的生活环境。那么我们怎样做才能改变多年形成的生活习惯和模式呢？首先，我们对不同于自己文化背景的人要宽容些。为了克服由于文化冲击而导致的挫折感，我们必须尽快适应新的环境，与工作伙伴和睦相处。此外，我们切忌把一个人等同于他所代表的民族，切忌因为讨厌这个人进而讨厌他的文化。其实提倡保护（preserve）本土文化并不是要抵制异国文化。Once transplanted abroad, people will feel anxious and even lose the capacity to deal with daily routines. This problem is attributed to the disappearance of the surroundings we have been used to. Then, what should we do so as to change the life styles and patterns built up in us over so many years? First, we should be more tolerant towards people with cultural backgrounds different from ours. To get over frustrations caused by culture shock, we should try to adapt ourselves to the new environment and get along with our workmates harmoniously. Furthermore, we should never identify a person with the nationality he represents or proceed to hate the person's culture only because we don't like him. In fact, to preserve our national culture is not to resist foreign ones.

1. Cultural differences may cause problems in intercultural communication. However, we should also be aware of the advantages brought about by cultural differences. Think about the advantages and disadvantages of cultural differences and write an essay entitled "My Views on Cultural Differences". The following outline may be of some help:

1) Cultural differences have more advantages than disadvantages:

— Cultural differences make the world colorful and delightful;

— Cultural differences enrich the civilization of mankind;

— Cultural differences give each culture its unique identity.

2) Your attitude to cultural differences:

— Be more tolerant to other cultures;

— People of different cultures should learn to live together and join hands in making the world a harmonious place to live in.

.

My Views on Cultural Differences

In my opinion, cultural differences have more advantages than disadvantages. First of all, it is cultural differences that make our world so colorful. If you go to a foreign country, you will be impressed not only by its physical environment but also by its cultural environment —its foods, clothes, customs, social practices, etc. Differences between cultures have always been a source of joy and inspiration.

Secondly, differences in culture enrich human civilization. Different cultures compete with as well as learn from each other. Roman culture was modeled on Greek culture, which had once borrowed a lot from Egyptian culture. American culture is also a blend of many different cultures.

Thirdly, differences in culture give each culture its unique identity. A culture is usually seen in relation to other cultures. Chinese culture distinguishes itself from others by its peculiar concepts and things that can hardly be found elsewhere.

Of course, cultural differences may cause conflicts and misunderstandings. But interdependence, common interests and mutual goals of different nations always outweigh differences in culture. Nations with different cultures should learn from each other and live peacefully together. To this end, we should be more tolerant to other cultures while preserving, protecting and developing our own.

2. In the face of globalization (全球化), we tend to be more and more tolerant towards other cultures. As a result, the influence of Western culture is strongly felt in our everyday life today. Write an essay entitled "My Views on the Influence of Western Culture". Your essay should at least include the following two aspects:

1) Instances showing the influence of Western culture;

2) Your attitude towards Western culture.

2.

My Views on the Influence of Western Culture On weekends, I gather with my friends at MacDonald's or KFC. We eat fried chicken, drink Coco-cola and talk about the latest release of Hollywood movies. We read foreign novels, listen to Western music and watch NBA. We admire Bill Gates, George Michael and Princess Diana. We dress ourselves in the Western style and celebrate Christmas and Valentine's Day. Our way of life has thus changed. Indeed, the influence of Western culture is

strongly felt in our everyday life.

This influence in turn prepares us well to blend into the modern world and participate in the world market competition. But we should not ignore its side effects. Our national culture may gradually lose its ground if our attention is focused only upon Western culture. In following the trend of globalization we should maintain our own cultural identity, cherish our cultural tradition and develop our own culture. What Mahatma Gandhi once said can best sum up my views on the influence of Western culture: "I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all the lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any."

Unit7

1. 足球，他生命中唯一的爱好，使他结交了许多朋友。

2. 公司总裁琼斯夫人在董事会后举行了一个记者招待会。

3. 到底要不要坦白，这个问题一直困扰着小汤姆。

4. 你们不该怀疑罪犯已被拘捕这一事实

5. 北京成功取得(win the bid for) 2008年奥运会举办权，这消息马上传开了。1. Football, his only hobby in life, has brought him many friends.

2. The President of the company, Mrs. Jones, held a press conference after the board meeting.

3. The question whether to confess or not has been troubling little Tom.

4. You should not have any doubt about the fact that the criminal has been arrested.

5. The news was immediately spread far and wide that Beijing had won the bid for the 2008 Olympic Games.

1. 奥运旗帜白色的背景上印着五个相连的彩色圆圈，代表五大洲。(feature)

2. 他差0.02秒就得金牌。那些目睹这一比赛的人们不禁发出叹息。(narrowly; witness)

3. 长跑比赛是对耐力的极大考验。运动员不仅流汗，还会流泪，甚至流血。(tolerance; shed)

4. 绊到另一个选手的脚，他摔倒在跑道上，但他很快爬起来，一瘸一拐地走到终点。(trip; limp; rise to one's feet）

5. 故事的最初版本是这样的：那个助理教练因为率领球队打赢了与古巴队（Cuba）的比赛而一夜成名。(original; version; conquer)

6. 有些运动员承认以提高竞技成绩为名服用过兴奋剂（dope），而且他们的教练也不对这种违法行为表示异议。(confess; in the name of)

1. Against the white background, the Olympic flag features five interlinked colour circles, representing the five continents.

2. He narrowly missed the gold medal by 0.02 seconds. Those who had witnessed the race could not help giving a sigh.

3. Long-distance race is a hard test on tolerance. The athletes shed not only sweat, but also tears, and even blood.

4. Having tripped over another athlete's foot, he fell down on the track, but he soon rose to his feet and limped to the finish line.

5. The original version of the story goes like this (Or: As the original version of the story goes), the assistant coach rose to fame / became famous overnight by leading his team to conquer Cuba.

6. Some sportsmen confessed that they had taken dope in the name of improving / enhancing performance, and that their coaches showed no disagreement with such illegal acts.

大家公认奥运会不仅仅是一次世界顶尖运动员的大聚会，也是全世界亿万观众的欢乐时光。奥运会成形于古希腊。当时希腊各城市之间战火频起，但是一旦奥运会开始，战争即刻停止。在当今世界，奥运会依然象征和平。迄今为止，奥运会已经发展成最大的国际体育赛事，越来越多的运动员代表越来越多的

国家参与奥运。虽然只有数十名，至多数百名运动员成为一届奥运会冠军，但是参与本身就是胜利。他们都该赢得喝彩，因为他们都得克服重重障碍才能参加这样的盛会。在每个项目中，奥运格言激励着每个运动员挑战人体极限。同时，他们遵守规则，尊重裁判。如此公平而卓越的比赛最能展现真正运动家精神。The Olympic Games are universally recognized not only as a spectacular gathering of top athletes, but also as a moment of rejoicing for billions of spectators. The Games took shape in ancient Greece, where wars were not infrequent between cities. But once the Games started, the wars were immediately brought to a halt. In the modern world the Olympic Games still symbolize peace. So far, the Olympics have developed into the biggest international sports event, with an increasing number of sportsmen competing on behalf of more and more nations. Though only dozens of, or at most hundreds of, athletes finally become champions in one Olympics, participation itself means triumph for all the athletes. They all deserve applause because they have overcome numerous barriers before they can finally take part in such a big gathering. The Olympic motto inspires every athlete in every event to challenge human physical limits. While doing so, they abide by the rules and pay due respect to the referees / judges. Such extraordinary and fair competition best brings out true sportsmanship.

1. Write an essay about your favorite sports team. The following hints may be of some help.

1) What is your favorite sports team?

2) Why do you like it so much?

3) Do you always support the team?

2. Write an essay entitled "Benefits from Hosting the Olympic Games". The following hints may be of some help.

● national pride, excitement during the event

● economic benefits

● environmental improvement

● motivating / inspiring people to play sports

● cultural and educational impact

1.

My favorite Sports Team: the Chinese Women's Volleyball Team

In quite a few sports, Chinese women athletes outshine men athletes. As a girl, I always feel proud of our women table tennis players, badminton players, women divers and gymnasts. But my greatest enthusiasm always goes to the Chinese Women's Volleyball Team, who, though it has undergone some ups and downs, always presents a positive, inspiring image to the public.

I've never missed any major TV shows involving the Chinese women's team. I can't help getting excited watching the girls shine in court, with their amazing spikes and blocks, and their never-ceasing courage and faith in winning the match. There are times when they lose the game, sometimes with embarrassing result like 0:3; there are years when they suffer a lot of injuries and new players do not match up to the veterans, yet, one must admit that the Chinese girls have been practising very hard all the way.

Recent years has witnessed a difficult period for the team when Russian, American, Cuban, and Brazilian teams are rising in ranking and winning championships, but I still have faith in our team and give them my support. I wish them good luck in the coming Olympics.

2.

Benefits from Hosting the Olympic Games

July of 2001 witnessed a wave of national excitement in our land: Beijing had won the bid to host the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. It symbolized the strength of our country and roused our national pride.

Since then a lot of changes have taken place in Beijing. Citizens of Beijing are now enjoying better transportation facilities, and the physical environment has improved significantly. With the construction of athletic venues, municipal infrastructure and other relevant facilities, new job opportunities have been created. A boom in Olympic-related businesses and industries has taken place not only in Beijing but also elsewhere.

Hosting the Olympic Games is also a mega cultural event. It is a good opportunity to increase the international profile of the host city. Now more and more people are drawn to Beijing, and there has appeared a new boom in tourism. Preparations for the 2008 Olympic Games have given rise to numerous cultural and educational programs focusing on the citizens' commitment and dedication to this international event. Such programs have not only generated a widespread interest in sports but have also promoted the citizens' social, cultural and ethical visions. We must try our best to capitalize on this opportunity as fully as we can. Unit8

1. 走路去那儿要10分钟。

2. 我们不可能赶上第一班车。

3. 下一步要做什么还没有确定。

4. 花太多时间玩电脑游戏影响了他的学习。

5. 没有足够的人手做这项工作是我们目前最大的问题。1. It takes 10 minutes to get there on foot.

2. It is impossible for us to catch the first bus.

3. What to do next has not been decided yet. / It has not been decided yet what to do next.

4. Spending too much time on computer games has affected his studies.

5. Not having enough people to do the job is our major problem at present.

1. 那些认为自己拥有更多特权的人往往会有优越感。(privilege)

2. 高关税和反倾销（anti-dumping）政策会削弱外国产品在本土市场的竞争力。(undermine)

3. 如果各部门能协调好，大家为共同利益而努力，我们一定能成功。(coordinate; pull together)

4. 为了防止盗窃，学校已经制定规章制度，明确规定了大楼看管员的职责。(regulation; on guard against)

5. 大家都称道良好的举止。因此良好的举止肯定会增强你和他人交朋友的机会。(manners; it follows that; enhance)

6. 不要小看标点符号（punctuation marks），有时候误用一个标点符号确实可以改变一句话的意思。(literally; take sth. lightly)

1. Those who suppose they possess more privileges tend to have feelings of superiority.

2. High tariffs and an anti-dumping policy will undermine the competitive edge of the foreign products in the domestic market.

3. If all the departments can be well coordinated and all of us pull together for the common good, we are bound / sure to succeed.

4. To be on guard against theft, the school has issued regulations specifying the duties of the door keepers / guards / janitors.

5. Good manners are always appreciated. It follows that good manners will enhance your chances of making friends with other people.

6. Punctuation marks should not be taken lightly; sometimes the use of a wrong punctuation mark can literally change / alter the meaning of a sentence.

在当今社会里，竞争是怎样与合作结合在一起的？首先，供不应求导致了竞争。同一个足球队中的球员为获得某个位置而竞争，这个球队与其他球队为获胜而竞争；在工作单位里，同事们为更高的职位而竞争；商场上，商家为争取更多的客户、更大的市场份额而成为竞争对手。但是与此同时，竞争与合作是密不可分的。球员必须相互有效地配合才可能使自己球队获得冠军，同事们也得合作才能完成共同承担的任务，商家们要通力合作才能说服商业管理机构部门给予最大的优惠。总之，个人和团队都同时受制于竞争与合作。这二者的共同作用也助长了社会的进一步发展，使我们能够享受一个更繁荣与和谐的世界。

In the modern society, how does competition work in combination with cooperation? Firstly, scarcity leads to competition. Players of the same football team compete for slots on the team, and this team competes against other teams for victory. In a work place, colleagues compete for higher positions. And also in business, firms become rivals for more consumers and a bigger market share. But meanwhile competition is inseparable from cooperation. Players have to cooperate efficiently with one another to win the championships for their team. Colleagues have to cooperate to accomplish their shared task. Firms try their best to cooperate to lobby the agencies of business administration for the greatest privileges. All in all, individuals as well as teams are subjected to both competition and cooperation. The two together nourish the social development so that we can enjoy a more prosperous and harmonious world.

1. Write an essay entitled "How to Survive in a Competitive Society" based on the outline given below.

1) Competition in present-day society places much pressure on people in different lines of work;

2) Instead of deploring competition, we should see the interrelationship between competition and cooperation；

3) To survive in today's society means strengthening the ability to be both competitive and cooperative.

2. Read the following newspaper clipping and write a short essay on the question: Should We Offer Seats to Elderly People on the Bus during Rush Hours?

Offering your bus seat to someone in need seems to be the right thing to do regardless of geography, culture or economic status. But a recent online commentary (评论) indicates that some disagree.

"Why should I give my seat to an elderly person? It's the young who need it more because they take off in the early morning while not fully awake and drag themselves home after a day of exhausting work," wrote one blogger (博客作者).

The author further noted that senior citizens already enjoy benefits, such as free rides. This treatment should be suspended during the rush hours to relieve bus congestion (拥塞), he suggested.

1.

How to Survive in a Competitive Society

Competition in present-day society is fierce and cruel. It exists in different lines of work. For example, different musicians compete for each seat in their orchestra, and different orchestras compete for the privilege of making recordings with prestigious studios. Footballers compete for positions within the same team, and they work together to compete against other teams for championships. In short, whatever we do, we may feel the pressure of

competition.

However, instead of deploring competition, we should see the interrelationship between competition and cooperation. Cooperation and competition exist side by side and they are both unavoidable in human society. For example, while competing with other factories, producers and distributors of the same factory must cooperate and make coordinated efforts to satisfy the needs of customers. Business rivals have to cooperate with one another when their common market is threatened. Therefore, competition alone will not bring us success in what we are doing.

In the face of competition, we should keep acquiring new skills and updating our knowledge so as to enhance our competitive ability. At the same time, we should learn the techniques of cooperating with others in the most effective manner.

2.

Should We Offer Seats to Elderly People on the Bus During Rush Hours?

I am amazed to read what a blogger says about offering bus seats to the elderly. He claims that "it's the young who need it more" because they go to work early in the morning and feel exhausted after a day's work. The blogger also argues that it is unfair to offer seats to the elderly since they already enjoy free rides, and suggests that during rush hours senior citizens be denied such treatment.

I could never bring myself to agree with the blogger. Taking good care of the elderly is

a universally accepted standard of conduct. In my opinion, offering seats to our elders is not just an indication of good manners; it is a moral issue. I always consider it my moral obligation to help others. Yes, you may feel comfortable for a while by remaining in your seat, but you will lose your character and moral values in the long run.

Respecting the elderly is also our social convention. It is precisely out of our love and respect for the elderly that such special benefits as free rides are offered to them. No one can deprive senior citizens of their right to go out by bus at any time they like, and what's more, we should make sure they get special care when the bus is fully packed with passengers.

Caring for the elderly and being taken care of can be a mutually satisfying experience for everyone involved. It is through performing such small acts as offering seats to the needy that we learn to contribute to the building of a harmonious society.