美国电影文学中种族歧视现象研究
从影视作品中看美国形式主义下的反种族歧视——以《绿皮书》为例
从影视作品中看美国形式主义下的反种族卑视——以《绿皮书》为例导言：美国是一个多元种族的国家，在历史进程中，种族卑视一直是其社会问题的核心之一。
美国形式主义思潮在种族问题上有着重要影响，它主张通过法律和制度的变革来解决种族问题，而《绿皮书》则是一部刻画美国种族卑视与形式主义思潮互相作用的电影。
本文将通过分析《绿皮书》，探讨美国形式主义思潮在反种族卑视中所起的作用。
第一部分：《绿皮书》的情节及背景《绿皮书》是2018年由彼得·法拉利执导的电影，影片依据真实事件改编。
剧情主要盘绕着美国爱尔兰裔保镖托尼·利波（Tony Lip）和非裔钢琴家唐·沙利文（Don Shirley）的真实故事展开。
故事发生在1962年，尽管20世纪初的美国废奴解放宣言和种族对等法案的通过，但美国社会依旧充盈了种族卑视与分离现象。
第二部分：美国形式主义思潮及其在反种族卑视中的作用 2.1 美国形式主义的起源与特点美国形式主义思潮是20世纪美国进步起来的一种哲学思潮，其核心是强调法治、合约和规则的重要性。
形式主义者认为通过法律和制度的变革，可以解决社会问题，包括种族卑视。
2.2 形式主义在反种族卑视中的作用美国形式主义思潮在反种族卑视中发挥了重要作用。
形式主义者不仅致力于通过法律和制度的改革来解决种族问题，同时也重视普遍适用的规则和原则。
在《绿皮书》中，托尼·利波作为一个形式主义者，通过与唐·沙利文的接触和沟通，逐渐熟识到种族卑视问题的严峻性，并开始经受起托尼的守护者和友人的角色。
2.3 形式主义与自由边缘主义的对立虽然形式主义在反种族卑视中发挥了一定作用，但它也受到了某些指责。
自由边缘主义者认为形式主义只是表面上消除了种族卑视，却没有真正改变人们的观念和态度。
在《绿皮书》中，唐·沙利文作为一个受过良好教育、知识渊博的音乐家，深受自由边缘主义的影响，他通过音乐和艺术来提倡对等和理解。
《杀死一只知更鸟》：英文电影与英美文学的相关性探析
电影文学Film Literature《杀死一只知更鸟》：英文电影 与英美文学的相关性探析英文电影与英美文学的发展密不可分。
英文电影是文学作品以特殊的载体存在的一种表现形式，电影除了给人们带来视觉上的体验与享受以外，也将主题表达的直观性和深刻性等特点发挥得淋漓尽致。
可以说，每一部成功的电影背后都有一本优秀的文学作品作为基础，同时它也将文学作品的内涵以另外一种形式进行诠释。
随着我国经济文化的发展，电影越来越多地走进了人们的生活，电影对文学作品广泛传播的价值越来越得以体现。
本文以《杀死一只知更鸟》为例，分析了当下英美文学与英文电影之间的关系，进一步阐释电影与文学之间相互影响共同发展的关系。
一、 电影与文学1895年，在法国诞生了第一部电影，自此，电影与文学开始了日益密切的联系。
随着电影产业的不断发展，电影与文学的结合也在不断地加速。
文学作品参与到电影产业中，使得电影艺术的发展更具灵魂，两者之间通过不断磨合，电影已然发展成为文学的另一种表现形式。
电影是一种具有直观性和画面性的特殊载体，它将抽象的文化内容直观地展现在观众面前，并做出很好的诠释。
这是电影的主要特点之一，也在一定程度上促进了文学进步。
电影用人们乐于接受的方式进行文化传播，文学与电影之间的关系可以描述成文学给予了电影创作的灵感，而电影则为文学提供了一个表现的舞台，两者相互促进，相得益彰。
二、 英美文学和英文电影之间的关系文学与电影之间密不可分的关系同样适用于英文电影与英美文学之间的联系。
英美文学是英文电影进行创作和表达的一个基础，英文电影则将英美文学进行一种情感、精神等形式的升华，促进英美文学主题和形式的发展。
由美国著名作家哈珀·李撰写的自传小说《杀死一只知更鸟》发表于1960年并获得普利策小说奖。
1962年该小说被改编成同名电影并获得了广泛的关注。
可以说，这部电影的最终成功与其在文学上的造诣是密不可分的，文学的成功为电影的创作提供了良好的前提条件，而电影的成功与其后来获得奥斯卡多项大奖都是实至名归和意料之中。
从跨文化传播视角解读种族歧视现象——以奥斯卡最佳电影《绿皮书》为例
从跨文化传播视角解读种族歧视现象——以奥斯卡最佳电影《绿皮书》为例从跨文化传播视角解读种族歧视现象——以奥斯卡最佳电影《绿皮书》为例导言:种族歧视是一种严重的社会问题，已经持续存在了数百年。
它涉及到对某些人基于他们的种族或族裔的不公正行为和偏见。
在全球化的时代，跨文化传播起着重要的作用，传播着各种价值观和观念。
电影作为一种重要的跨文化传播工具，影响着全球观众的观念和态度。
本文将以奥斯卡最佳电影《绿皮书》为例，从跨文化传播的视角来解读种族歧视现象。
第一部分: 电影《绿皮书》的背景和故事情节《绿皮书》是一部基于真实故事改编的电影，讲述了一名受过良好教育但面临种族歧视的黑人钢琴家唐·唐尼利和一名意大利裔美国保镖托尼·利普的友谊故事。
电影以20世纪60年代为背景，当时美国南部仍然存在着严重的种族分离和歧视。
故事情节中，唐尼利雇佣托尼·利普作为自己的司机和保镖，他们之间由于种族差异产生了一系列冲突。
然而，随着旅途的继续，他们逐渐改变了彼此的认知和看法，建立了真正的友谊。
在旅途中，托尼意识到了种族歧视的严重性，并开始为平等和公正而战。
第二部分: 电影中的种族歧视现象《绿皮书》通过剧情和角色的塑造，生动地描绘了美国南部种族歧视的现象。
在电影中，唐尼利经历了一系列因为种族而引发的不公和歧视。
他无法就餐于白人餐厅，被迫住在黑人社区的汽车旅馆中，且经常受到白人居民的侮辱和歧视。
电影中还展示了黑人乘客乘坐巴士时遭到的种族歧视，他们被要求坐在公共汽车的后排。
此外，电影中的一幕描绘了唐尼利遭到警察无理扣留并遭受暴力相待的情景。
这一描写反映了当时南部警察对黑人的不公平待遇，以及种族歧视在社会中根深蒂固的问题。
第三部分: 电影的社会反响《绿皮书》作为一部跨文化传播的电影，引起了全球观众的广泛关注和讨论。
电影展示了种族歧视的残酷和不公，从而激发了观众对这一社会问题的反思和关注。
在影片上映后，许多观众纷纷发表评论和分享他们的观影体验，强调了电影对于种族关系的启示和警醒。
美国电影中的种族主义话语
学术论坛MOVIE LITERATURE美国电影中的种旗主义话语●周春(北京第二外国语学院英语学院，北京100024)[摘要]美国好莱坞电影作为大众文化中最为重要的部分，在传播主流价值观的同时，具有非常明显的种族主义色彩。
好莱坞电影中一方面宣扬自人至上的观念，另一方面通过建构种种黑人的刻板形象对美国黑人文化心理造成了不可磨灭的影响。
在这样的大众文化的影响下，黑人-9主流文化认同，并产生了负面的、扭曲的自我认知。
本文探究了好莱坞电影的种族主义话语政治，分析了好莱坞电影对黑人身份建构的侵蚀。
[关键词] 种族主义；白人至上论；刻板形象；身份建构好菜坞电影一直是美国大众文化中最为重要的部分。
往忽视了电影背后的种族政治和文化帝国主义的特点。
事它在传播其主流价值观的同时，具有非常明显的种族主义实上，大众传媒一直以来有着这样的理念：“黑人孩子自尊色彩。
其中最为明显的就是，好莱坞电影通过视觉的艺术性不强，而且他们喜欢白人角色胜过黑人，黑人女孩喜欢手段，宣扬了白人至上的观念，并由此影响了黑人自我身白色玩偶胜过黑人玩偶。
这些信息都以敬畏的方式呈现。
份的认知。
更为重要的是，黑人在无处不在的大众文化影就像对于否认和贬低黑人性没有政治语境一样。
”¨o而事实响下，与主流文化认同，并形成一种“自我憎恶”感，产上，在主流文化价值观的影响下，人们往往无法与真实的生了扭曲的自我认知。
这样的悲剧，在黑人女性，尤其是黑人自我形象认同，只能与社会所建构的白人价值观认同。
年轻黑人女性身上体现更为深远。
本文探究了好莱坞电影电影中的自人优越论还体现在：在很多电影中，如果的种族主义话语政治，分析了好莱坞电影对黑人身份建构涉及黑人女性和白人男性之间的恋爱，很多白人明星都不的侵蚀。
愿意去扮演。
其中一个最有名的例子就是1989年《妈妈，一、美国电影中的白人至上主义思想你床上有个男人》。
这是一部关于工人阶级黑人女性和一个有钱有势的白人男性的爱情故事。
美国电影文学中种族歧视现象研究
案例分析
《绿皮书》：讲述了一个黑人钢琴家和一个白人司机的故事，反映了种族歧视和种族隔离的问题。 《为奴十二年》：讲述了一个黑人奴隶在奴隶制度下的悲惨遭遇，揭示了种族歧视的残酷性。
《月光男孩》：讲述了一个黑人男孩的成长故事，反映了种族歧视对个人和家庭的影响。
《黑色党徒》：讲述了一个黑人警察潜入白人至上主义组织的故事，揭示了种族歧视的复杂性和危害性。
鼓励创作者深入 研究不同种族和 文化的历史、传 统和价值观，以 增强作品的真实 性和深度
提倡创作者与不 同种族和文化背 景的人交流合作， 以促进不同文化 之间的理解和融 合
鼓励创作者关注 社会问题，关注 种族歧视现象， 以提高作品的社 会责任感和影响 力
加强观众的审美教育和文化素养
加强观众的文化素养，了解不 同种族的文化背景和价值观
建议
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美国电影文学中种族歧视现 象概述
历史背景
19世纪末至20世 纪初：美国种族 歧视现象严重， 黑人、亚裔等少 数族裔受到歧视 和压迫。
20世纪中叶：民 权运动兴起，推 动了种族平等和 反歧视的进程。ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
20世纪末至21世 纪初：美国电影 文学中开始出现 越来越多的反种 族歧视主题的作 品。
文化角度： 审视种族 歧视现象 对文化多 样性和民 族认同感 的影响
心理角度： 分析种族 歧视现象 对个体心 理和行为 模式的影 响
批判方法： 运用批判 理论、后 殖民理论 等理论工 具对种族 歧视现象 进行深入 剖析
实践角度： 探讨如何 通过电影 文学创作 和传播来 反思和批 判种族歧 视现象
反思与批判的结果和影响
措施减少歧视现象
建立公正的电影评价平台， 避免偏见和歧视影响评价
美国的种族歧视从好莱坞电影
美国的种族歧视从好莱坞电影美国的种族歧视从好莱坞电影一、《相助》：种族旗帜下的个人命运电影《相助》是由美国作家凯瑟琳·斯多克特的同名畅销小说改编而成。
这是一部承载着作者对家中黑人女佣的无限感激与怀念的作品。
电影从女主角——斯基特的视角，着重反映了黑人女佣艾碧林和明尼的不幸遭遇。
斯基特是杰克逊镇白人女性中的一个异类。
她讨厌白人对黑佣的欺压，并大胆地决定写书帮助黑佣改变现状。
于是，她将目光瞄向了镇上的黑佣，希望她们用真实的遭遇帮助她写书。
艾碧林是一位典型的优秀黑人女仆，她的性情平和而稳重，照看过17个白人小孩，但是却被不断地解雇与抛弃。
尽管她对于白人雇主的孩子付出了自己的母爱并全心全意给予照顾，而她惟一的儿子，却在车祸后因白人医院拒绝抢救，最终死在了一张沙发上。
艾碧林所遭受的一切是她对白人深感恐惧，因而她最初拒绝帮助斯基特。
电影中另一主人公明尼是艾碧林的好友。
明尼与艾碧林的性情截然不同，她从小便对白人的欺压深恶痛绝，但迫于无奈也只能忍气吞声，并将自己的四个孩子教育得对雇主俯首帖耳。
电影中，明尼最终还是因为自己的个性遭到了女主人西丽的报复。
但明尼是勇敢的，为了她的孩子不再受到白人的欺压，她试图向白人雇主宣战，并与艾碧林秘密参与到斯基特写书的'计划中。
然而，明尼最终还是成了种族文化的牺牲品。
整部影片试图用平和的手法，以种族歧视的文化为背景为观众反映半个世纪以前，发生在美国南方的种族隔离制度和黑人解放运动。
虽然从现实来讲，弱势群体想要摆脱束缚，得到真正的平等所面临的困难还有很多，但影片仍然为我们呈现了一个感人而又励志的故事。
二、从电影探讨20世纪60年代美国城市黑人问题及种族歧视根源如电影《相助》中所反映的一样，种族问题一直是困扰美国社会的重大问题，尽管美国黑人曾进行了多次的斗争，政府也试图加以解决，但是种族歧视已经在美国社会根深蒂固。
1956年在民权运动领袖马丁·路德·金的带领下美国黑人发起了大规模的民权运动，但是因为遭到各方面的强力阻挠和干扰，运动后黑人居住区隔离和经济贫困的问题不但没有被解决，反而进一步恶化。
从影视作品中看美国形式主义下的反种族歧视——以《绿皮书》为例
《戏剧之家》2019年第22期 总第322期111影视观察一、电影情节概要——一段动人的跨种族友谊这部影片由黑人钢琴家唐·谢利的真实经历改编，电影讲述的是一位有种族歧视倾向的白人托尼被一位黑人钢琴家唐雇为司机，驾车接送唐完成为期两个月南方巡演的故事。
唐让托尼仔细阅读了《绿皮书》——这是一本为了让黑人拥有愉快旅程而在地图中标识出“不欢迎”黑人的餐厅、旅店等地，以便于黑人避开这些地点的手册。
尽管如此，他们在向南方行进的旅途中还是不断出现不和谐的插曲，二人之间也发生了各种摩擦。
影片中托尼是一个较为粗鄙、低教育程度的白人，而黑人唐是一名高修养的天才钢琴家，这一设定具有戏剧化的反差。
与其说这是一部震撼人心的反种族歧视的影片，不如说更偏向是一部温情的、歌颂友谊的电影。
可以说这一不足之处正是美国“形式主义”下反种族歧视所主导的价值取向所引起的。
二、影片及获奖背后所体现的当下美国“反种族歧视”中存在的形式主义问题影片中唐默默忍受了旅途前几次所遭受的歧视，但在电影最后他才真正开始了非暴力的反抗。
唐丢下为上流人士们准备的演出，转而在一家狭小简陋的黑人酒吧尽情地为同胞们弹奏音乐。
唐最后拒绝继续演出的反抗是有些无力的，甚至更像是一种逃避式的反抗。
并且很难想象电影中那些权贵之士或附庸风雅的白人观众和活动的主持者会因为唐放弃演出的反抗行为来反省自身，或者说是去反思整个社会对待有色人种的态度。
戏中的白人如此，戏外观影的白人亦如此。
他们可能只是因为影片中白人主角托尼拯救者般的角色有代入感地“自我感动”了一把。
也许刚看完电影，有些人会想：我要开始接纳有色人种，无差别对待、尊重他们。
然而遇到有色人种的不良品行出现时，他们仍会下意识地把关注点集中于“肤色”。
换句话说，这部电影收获的是感动的泪水而不是人们深刻的自省，也很难带给人们除了一时的感动以外的具有深远意义和长久影响的东西。
而影片这样的情节安排细细揣摩后，便可看出有“形式主义”之嫌。
Research on the American Racial Discrimination through Hollywood Movies从好莱坞电影看美国种族歧视
Research on the American Racial Discrimination throughHollywood MoviesAbstract:Primarily, America is a nation of immigrants from different races. From 1607, the citizens or their forefathers began to immigrate in the United States from countries and regions of the globe. Some of them are refugees from religious or political persecution, others are adventurers from the Old World seeking a better life, or captives brought to America against their own will to be sold into slavery. Fundamentally, all the Americans share a common culture; the nation actually contains diverse racial and ethnic subcultures with their own distinctive characteristics. That is a typical American character, which actually can be easily seen via Hollywood movies; and it is this feature that contributed to American racial conflicts that have been a persistent social problem to American society.Key words: Afro-American, racial discrimination, movie1. The movie The Help1and the history it reflects“Did you know as a girl growing up, that one day you’d be a maid?” Asked a white girl. An old black woman answered, “Y es Madam, I did.”“My mama was a maid; my grandma was a house slave.”She added.That is the first scene in movie The Help; and at the very beginning, the dialogue throws people’s minds back to the 1950s in the United States, during which most black women are hired by the whites with low payment, and lived far from the region their employers lived in southern area of the United States. The movie tells us a story relevant to the oppression and fight-back. Just as a glimpse of the history of the emancipation of the blacks in the United States.Though on the principle of equality the United States was founded, the nation has failed to run adhere to that idea. American society is a stratified society, which means that in America, power, wealth, and prestige are unequally distributed among the population. “And this inequality not simply existed in social classes; it lay in racial and ethnic lines as well, which ultimately led to the result that class divisions often paralleled racial divisions.”The first group of settlers, from the “Anglo-Saxon”northern Europe, quickly controlled the economic assets and political power in the United States, and they managed to maintain this position ofpower, somewhat, once and for all. Groups and groups of immigrants from the entire world came to the United States, and all of them had to struggle hard and long to become assimilated into the mainstream of American life that was shaped by the powerful classes. During this period, the African Americans were slaves with no civil rights. Some ultimately got accustomed to it and shared in the “American dream”; others, especially those whose racial or ethnic characteristics are largely different from those follow the dominant group, unfortunately failed to fully partic ipate in American life, because to a greater or lesser degree, they are hindered from formal or informal barriers. With this discrimination developed, rage even riots were stimulated in ghettos, and they finally evolved as severe and continuing racial tension in the United States that has periodically erupted into outright violence. In the 1960s, the major preoccupation of social scientists, politicians, and the general public consisted in race and ethnic relations, ghetto riots, and other unrest, particularly since the civil right demonstrations. And that was when the story happened.Actually, feelings of the deepest sorrow were not being maids or being forbidden from access to the toilet in the house where they worked, even not being insulted to get away from the dinning room where their employers were holding a party, but the babies they heartily brought up would ill-treat them like their mothers and fathers when they grown up, no matter how intimately they had been with each other. When Aibileen, the black maid put it like that, an inhumane relationship and a distorted character in the mind of dominant class can be captured. “Black people have been keeping fighting for democracy and equal rights which on the other hand fail to realize their American dream.”It is not the population but the race and ethnic that determined the division in the United States; or put it easier, the color decides, that is why Aibileen said, “God don’t pay a mind to color once he decide to set a tornado loose.”A y that time, any group other than the dominant white Anglo-Saxon Protestant is a minority group in American society. And actually the blacks, Native Americans or American Indians, the Hispanics, and Asia Americans are all referred to as racial and ethnic minorities. All these racial groups are still suffering from many forms of discrimination and injustice, among which the social and economic conditions of Native Americans are probably worse than those of any other minority groups; and always, the blacks or Afro-Americans are looked more closely, for their problems have attracted the most publicattention.It is reported that once the blacks was the largest of the racial and ethnic groups in the United States. But recent census suggested that they are the second largest, the largest are the Hispanics, which account for 12.3% of the population. The blacks, who number over 25.2 million, or 11.7% of the population, once immigrated in the United States, their history and evolution stepped into an everlasting period of sustained oppression, discrimination, and denial of basic civil rights and liberties.In 1619, a group of blacks was firstly brought to North America. And in the following decades, the increasing demand for their cheap labor contributed to a massive slave trade. During this period, some 4000,000 Africans were transported to the United States. Wretchedly shipped, the Blacks were conveyed across the Atlantic Ocean to Caribbean, then America, where they would be sold like cattle at auctions. The dominant class so assiduously propagated their irresponsibility, promiscuity, laziness and lower intelligence that made people believe in the justification for their continued subjugation. If blacks dare challenge the established order, they will end up with whip or lynch served by mob.In 1830, slavery had been outlawed by all the Northern states, but the Southern states, where the blacks had become the backbone of the economy, still kept the situation maintained till it was totally ended by the Civil War, Lincoln’s emancipation of slaves in 1863, and the 13th Amendment to the Constitution in1865. Though slavery was officially abolished, in practice, wholesale discrimination against black Americans never end. “They killed my son.”“They set my cousin’s car on fire, just because she went down to the voting station.” As what Aibileen had experienced, profound pains were still in existence in the life of the blacks.According to the segregation law, the blacks were segregated to keep the races apart in schools, housing, restaurants, and other public facilities; moreover, institutionalized discrimination somewhat kept the blacks fixed in the lowest-paid jobs. In order to keep the blacks off the voters’ rolls and prevent them from exercising their political rights, a variety of methods, such as rigged “literacy”test, were employed in daily life. It was not until the 1950s that the segregation laws ended in Southern states; in the North, informal methods were used just the same effectively.The 1960s saw the great civil rights movement which was in pursuit of the complete abolition of segregation laws and fought for the equal rights for the colored people. From then on, the blacks beganto be in good mood which they never enjoyed before. They tasted the feelings of pride; they confidently declared that “black is beautiful”; a sign of unprecedented self-confidence was showed by black community. Meanwhile, many black leaders began to declaim the full integration into the American mainstream as the goal of the black community. “They argued, American society should be a plural society containing different even distinctive communities living in mutual respect.”A series of ghetto riots during this period just can be reflected in the movie The Help. When the maids decided to accept interview, when Minny, one of a maid, gave an answer-back to her ex-employer, and when those who once feared to intimately contact the whites even they know Skeeter, the white girl just wanted to offer help, finally had their stories spread around. The sense of gratification they felt was what the blacks really felt at that time in the United States.The current situation of black Americans is complex. The gap between the black and the white have not been lost with the abolishment of the slavery. They misunderstand each other when they first met owing to the fear to the unknown or unfamiliar things and the sense of pride to themselves. With the integration of their culture, maybe they could get along very well, but it needs time and getting more touch with each other.Actually, the institutionalized discrimination against the blacks today is no longer that obvious like that in the movie The Help; it is always expressed in another subtle way. Here another movie will be mentioned, Crash2.2. The movie Crash and the situation todayThe Help was briefly analyzed with the process of the history, the movie Crash will be illustrated from three main relationship lines.The movie Crash mainly tells us several stories occurred in Los Angeles among some leading roles participating in a car crash about the topic of racial discrimination. It is a film linked with the backgrounds of the Los Angeles’s culture closely.Now let the couple of district attorney to be the beginning. Before the white couple went back home, they had a gun in their faces by two black young guys and their car was robbed. After back home, the wife can’t bear that a Mexican man who is black fixed their lock and requires all the locks changed.What’s more, she ridiculously thinks that the man will sell their keys to his gangbanger friends. Whereas her husband tries his best to respect the black in order to get support for his vote from the color, so he got angry about his wife’s attitude. Several ho urs later, when the wife falls down from steps, only her maid comes to help her. The maid is also of color like the Mexican man. What an absurd story! And the Mexican man also has his story. The Mexican man fixes the lock of a Chilean owner’s shop, and points out that the wrong part is the door, but the Chilean thinks he cheats him for money, so he refused to pay for that. The second day, the shop was robbed, the owner thinks it was the Mexican man, so he found him and shot at him, the Mexican daughter hugged his father but nowhere got hurt miraculously.There is another typical plot which is about two white cops, A and B. The white cop A’s father gets a kind of bad diseases and can’t sleep, but the black woman officer of HMO plan doesn’t treat his father as emergency and talks to the white cop A unfriendly. After some time, the black officer still doesn’t flick her pen to solve hi s father’s problem. So the white cop vents his irritation to the black director’s wife whose behavior maybe cause an accident. But the director just watched. This couple is all angry. The wife can’t understand her husband’s no care about her, and the husband thinks his wife can’t understand him and also she threatens his honor as a man. At the same time, the cop B also gets angry, and even requires changing the partner. However, the other day, the cop A saves the wife in an accident and the cop B save the director in a car robbery by those two black young guys who robbed the black this time. But at night, the cop B encountered one of those two black young guys and picked him up, but the cop B shot at him due to a misunderstanding.The last relationship line is the love between the son and the mother, the two brothers or between the father and the daughter. Graham’s mother who is alway s waiting for his little son to come back, and Graham is a black police officer, and Graham wants to save his brother regardless of his principles. Of course, people may shed tears when the little girl hugged his father to protect him from the gun with the love-covered cape. Though the mother didn’t wait back his little son, Graham’s younger brother died in the end and the cape is a beautiful lie, it still makes people feel warm because of the love.But why the white couple is chosen to be robbed? The wife’s reaction is blind fear when she saw the two black young guys. This “natural” reaction makes them feel hurt, so they revenge. And this experience enhanced the wife’s hatred of the black apparently so she worried about his home robbedonce again. Of cours e, all of these are the white woman’s silly imagination which we can directly call it prejudice or discrimination. New question may be put forward. Why didn’t the little girl get hurt? It’s the Chilean man’s daughter’s special bullets. The two daughters ar e all angels to the two fathers. Maybe the Chilean man just wants to put his emotion out, but if done, the end will be terrible and painful.Why is the director so timid when he saw his wife molested? Just because he can’t let his name in the paper which may ruin his career and he will be laughed at by his colleagues as he is black.It is easily seen that the conflicts between the white and the black still exist, and in the movie Crash, almost everyone plays a role of the kind or the evil which may be exchanged in different occasions. Crash tells us some ordinary people’s stories. In this movie, many plots connote racial discrimination. However, this racial discrimination not only happens between the white and the black but also exists in different people of colors themselves like Mexicans, Chinese, and Arabians and so on. The white try their best to play the role of respecting the people of color, but in their heart, they discriminate against the people of color. The black suffer the discrimination from the white while they look down upon other people of color. The stories are all in crash. All the stories are contacting each other regardless of primary and secondary. One story may be the cause of another story, and another story may be th e third story’s cau se and so on. The director Paul Haggis didn’t describe these plots with the education tone, but every plot is thought provoking. America is a paradise because it is the unique place where people are born equal and have rights. Unfortunately, the fact is not as people expect. What’s more, discrimination is almost common. This movie reflects this phenomenon.“The majority of whites believe that there has been a lot of progress in getting rid of discrimination, but more than half of the blacks felt that there has not been much real change.”Actually, crash never stops and discrimination still exists too. But as a member on the earth, we are the same. Everyone should try to forgive others and admonish ourselves to avoid making prejudices. Love can reduce this kind of discrimination and make society more harmonious no matter in America or in other countries.1The Help. directed by Tate Taylor, 2011.2Crash. directed by Pual Haggis, 2004.。
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Interpreting70 《美国悲剧》中的对比手法运用研究71 从功能翻译理论视角谈旅游翻译72 从唐诗不同译本看数字词汇翻译得与失73 性别与语言风格74 解析凯特肖班的《觉醒》中的哥特因素：浅析维多利亚时期妇女文学的觉醒75 从《寻找格林先生》看索尔•贝娄对生命意义的探寻76 A Comparison between Two Chinese Versions of Uncle Tom’s Cabin77 《了不起的盖茨比》中黛西的女性主义分析78 商务英语翻译中的隐喻研究79 从词汇对等角度看《红楼梦》中“笑”一词的英译80 论英语称谓语中的性别歧视81 浅析达洛卫夫人的自我追寻82 清教思想在《失乐园》中的体现83 男女生英语学习差异比较研究84 苔丝悲剧人生的起因85 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的圣经人物原型分析86 《荷塘月色》的两个英译版本的比较研究87 透过七夕和情人节看中西文化差异88 在幻想中回归童年──评析《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》89 外交语言策略中的合作原则90 试析《飘》中女主人公斯佳丽的传统意识91 英汉称谓语对比分析92 浅析英语语言中的性别歧视现象93 英语委婉语及其翻译94 战争隐喻在体育新闻报道中的运用95 浅析小说《傲慢与偏见》中爱情和婚姻的关系96 Analysis of the Elements of Modernism of Wuthering Heights97 浅谈跨文化交流中的非语言沟通98 浅谈英语词汇中的性别歧视现象99 谈商务英语信函的语言特点及其翻译100 中西广告语言中的文化差异101 中西方寒暄语简要对比研究102 《布罗迪小姐的青春》中的人物冲突分析103 约翰·福尔斯《法国中尉的女人》的元小说叙事研究104 从英汉“狗”的习语看中西方文化差异105 对文化差异引起的误译的研究106 论人文主义在《哈克贝利.费恩历险记》中的体现107 英汉超音段音位的对比分析108 《呼啸山庄》和《远离尘嚣》中女主人公的女性意识的对比109 Feminist Thoughts of Theodore Dreiser——A Case Study of Sister Carrie110111 乡村音乐歌词的人际意义分析112 A Comparison of the English Color Terms113 从《篡夺》中看辛西娅奥兹克作品中的反偶像崇拜精神114 小学英语字母与汉语拼音字母教学比较研究115 论《某人住在一个多美的小城镇》的语言艺术(开题报告+文献综述+论文)116 浅析商务谈判中的恭维语应用117 从《红楼梦》和《飘》看中美恭维语比较118 从酒文化中透析中西文化差异119 从言语行为理论看商务沟通中的委婉语120 高中英语阅读教学中学生自主学习能力的培养121 从礼貌原则看英语委婉语的构成和社会功能122 英汉味觉隐喻的对比研究123 从Hofstede的文化维度角度解析中美家庭教育的差异124 “黑尔舍姆”教育尝试的失败—析石黑一雄小说《别让我走》（开题报告+论）125 《阿甘正传》承载的美国青年价值观126 查尔斯•弗雷泽《冷山》的生态女性主义解读127 The Embodiment of Xu Yuanchong’s“Beauty in Three Aspects”in the English Translation of Poetry of the Tang Dynasty128 《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克与《失乐园》中的撒旦的反叛者形象比较129 浅探高中英语听力教学策略130 论中英商标翻译中的文化差异131 从女性主义角度看斯嘉丽与命运的抗争132 Study of Themes of George Bernard Shaw’s Social Problem Plays133 残酷的现实与审美愉悦——论《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的崇高美134 顺句驱动原则下英汉同声传译中英语非动词转换为汉语动词的研究135 谈英语中的性别差异及其文化内涵136 灰姑娘文学形象在西方文化中的发展和演变研究137 称呼语中的语码转换解析138 A Tentative Comparison Between British and American Romanticism139 中美家庭教育比较—文化差异对家庭教育的影响140 中国与日本茶文化的比较141 Jane Austen’s Cinderella Complex Reflected in Pride and Prejudice142 浅谈外贸英语的翻译标准143 浅析英语演说中对照与其他修辞格的混合应用144 女性主义视角下《白象似的群山》与《莳萝泡菜》中男性形象的对比研究145 从电影《美丽人生》看完美男人形象146 英汉语言性别歧视对比研究147 从《警察与赞美诗》看欧亨利式结尾148 从广告层面比较研究中美文化差异149 他者形象：最逆来顺受与最狂野的—中国女性在西方电影中的形象150 对《红字》中丁梅斯代尔的心理分析151 浅谈中美文化差异对商务谈判的影响152 浅析奈达等值理论与商务英语翻译153 自我效能感理论对中学英语教学的启示154 关联理论关照下文化缺省现象及其翻译应对策略155 从宗教建筑看中西文化差异156 文化差异对中西方商务谈判的影响157 关联理论视角下的文化负载词翻译研究——以《丰乳肥臀》英译本个案为例158 挣脱枷锁，走向自由——从《人性的枷锁》看毛姆的人生观159 《咏水仙》两个翻译版本的文体分析160 The Similarities and the Differences between Gu Hongming and Lin Yutang161 解析《拉帕西尼之女》中贝雅特丽丝162 《小妇人》中四姐妹的命运163 论《奥兰多》中双性同体观164 中西礼仪对比165 论《喜福会》中家庭观的中西差异166 论中国的归化异化167 从翻译美学探究散文英译168 简•奥斯丁的婚姻观在《傲慢与偏见》中的体现169 美国英语新词汇特点170 关联理论视角下的英语新闻标题研究171 《简•爱》中的女性主义意识初探172 如何提高初中生的英语听力能力173 浅析威廉福克纳的《喧哗与骚动》174 新闻英语标题的特点和翻译175 中美两国家庭文化差异176 中美广告创意的文化差异性研究177 中西饮食文化的差异178 情态人际意义的跨文化研究179 从礼仪角度谈中西文化的差异性180 任务教学法在初中英语阅读中的应用181 从功能主义翻译理论看商业广告的英汉翻译182 《红楼梦》英译中双关语文化成分的翻译策略研究183 《干旱的九月》米妮.库珀和《献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》艾米丽的人物性格分析184185 战争对美国文学的影响186 宗教对传统：犹太新年与中国新年的对比研究187 从E.B.怀特的三部儿童文学作品看模糊叙事艺术188 On the Words and Expressions Belittling the Female189 言语行为理论视角下的商务索赔信函话语分析190 对外交语言准确性与模糊性的语言特点的研究191 英汉颜色词文化内涵的异同分析192 从唯美主义的角度论《道林.格蕾的画像》中的主要人物193 归化与异化策略在字幕翻译中的运用194 A Comparative Study of the Auspicious Culture in Wedding Custom between China and the West195 On the Translation of Children’s Literatur e in the Light of the Skopostheory:A Case Study of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer196 美国电影文学中种族歧视现象研究197 大学英语课堂教学师生互动建构浅析198 从合作原则分析《绝望的主妇》中的语言间接性及其幽默效果199 从就餐细节看中美儿童个性能力的差异200 Cultural Differences Between Chinese and American Social Etiquettes。