新整理英语论文的写作方法与技巧

英语论文的写作方法与技巧

成考：英语议论文的写作方法与技巧

英语议论文的写作，大多有具体要点（即论点或论据）的限定，所以并不需要如何地纵横捭阖，如何地旁征博引。但是，麻雀虽小，五脏俱全，一篇100来字的议论文，同样必须逻辑严密，结构清晰，语言洗练，必须论有中心，言而有据。以下笔者试从篇章结构、句子修辞和词汇运用等三个方面来谈一谈写好一篇小议论文的基本方法和技巧。

一、篇章结构

（一）先有规矩，然后才能从心所欲，不逾矩

议论文的写作，住往从正反两方面来论述，且都有其约定俗成的议论模式，即从“主题句一正面论述，反面论述一结论”四大块去营造文章的基本结构（四块论）。例如，某题目要求论述“学校规定‘课间学生只能呆在自己的教室里’对吗？”这一话题。如果作者认为学校的规定不对，他就应该在文章第一块（段）亮出自己的观点：There is currently much discussion about s or not during break times.Personally I believe that—。而第二块应该从正面论述“课间不能只呆在自己的教室里”的

理由。比如可以说：I es are our only opportunity to choose es is that it any shops and supermarkets in a city.I can buy everything I need easily in these places. sick，I can easily see a doctor in any clinic or hospital.Transport services are good in a city.eething else.There are also many kinds of entertainment in a city.Public buildings （such as libraries）and parks can easity be found in a city，too.

2.First.it is convenient and comfortable to live in a city.To begin odern amenities such as places of entertainment，public libraries and parks.

而中心句的写法也有讲究。中心句必须能高度概括所在段落的论据，它的关键词应该在每—个论据中都有重复或适当体现。那种无关痛痒的叙述或说明性的句子，是不适宜用作中心句的。例如：

1.Students ales are scheduled for about 10 minutes.（说明性句子）

以下即是论述“学校规定‘课间学生只能呆在自己的班级里’对吗？”的一篇学生习作：Although some people believe that

students should stay in their os during break times，I es in another class.

The most important reason for believing that is that many students have friends in other classes.es are the only time e very tedious（令人厌倦的）to have to spend even more time e people.

A further reason for alloes is that it ents.If students are forced to spend time ates s that have to be sorted out by teachers.Teachers argue that to spend the e in.That ean that there ight be a little easier to manage ，it ake break times happier for all students if they e.

这篇范文符合“四块论”的基本模式，正反论述兼顾，结构严谨，中心突出。

二、句子修辞

（一）应用修辞，增强说服力

适当采用比喻、头韵（即连续数个单词的头音或头字母相同）、

夸张等修辞手法，采用幽默、平行结构等写作手法，可以把道理说得更加透彻，把观点表达得更加鲜明，把平淡的内容表现得更加生动，从而更好地传递信息，增添文采，激发读者的共鸣。例如：

1.Many people have tried a thousand times before they achieve their goals.（夸张）

2.Only a madman odern city.（夸张）

3.Our life ore hours.（幽默）

6.If you ，you must arrive punctually，you must behave courteously，and you must study conscientiously.（平行结构）值得注意的是，比喻等修辞格的使用及谚语等的引用关乎作者对英语文化的理解，因为它们在英语中的意义往往与我们的理解大相径庭，很容易误用。只有多多学习，认真分析它们的应用环境，使用起来才能锦上添花。如果没有十分的把握，切不可生搬硬套，否则会适得其反。

（二）表达到位，才能言之成理通常。

作者对自己论述的观点是清楚的，但在将观点传达给读者时，往往因为用词不准确，逻辑欠严密，或因受中国式思维的干扰而令表达不到位，结果使读者如堕五里雾中。作者应站在读者的立场上考虑问题，始终牢记“读者明不明白”才是判断写作是否成功的最重要标准。

请看以下几个表达不到位的例句及其改正方法。

1.They gave me e e disadvantages of living in a city，but

I think they are less important.I feel convenient and comfortable.析：句子后半部分的逻辑关系未交代清楚，令人有“前语不搭后语”的感觉。可以改为：Theere are surely disadvantages of living in a city，too，but they are less important and tend to be de-emphasized.For the sake of the advantages mentioned above，I prefer to live in a city.

3.Different people have different choices.Some people like living in a city and some people like living in a village.析：Choice的含义十分宽泛，因此与后面的like不相称，应改为：Different people have different likes and dislikes.Some like to live in a city，others like to live in a village.

4.The people，the society and so on no noent.