土木工程专业英语_图文.ppt
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1.专业英语课件Civil Engineering
土木工程专业英语
Introduction to Civil Engineering
Civil engineering takes place at all levels：in the public sector from municipal to federal levels, and in the private sector from individual homeowners to international companies. 土木工程存在于几乎所有领域（土木工程覆盖了各行各业）： 在公共事业上，从市政到联邦；在私人领域，从个体业主到跨国公 司。 Engineering has been one part of life since the existence of human beings. 从人类存在以后，工程已经成为了人类生活的一部分。 The earliest practices of civil engineering may appear between 4000 BC and 2000 BC in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia when human beings started to abandon a nomadic existence, thus causing a need for the construction of shelter. 人类最早的土木工程大约出现在公元前4000年到2000年的古埃及 和米索不达米亚，那时人类开始放弃游牧生活方式，需要有作为庇 护所的建筑。
Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design,construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment,including works such as bridges,roads,canals,dams and buildings. 土木工程是一门针对设计、施工以及自然建筑环境维 护的专业工程学科，它包括桥梁、道路、河流、水坝以 及建筑工程。
土木工程专业英语(Civil Engineering)课件-翻译
It is this kind of steel that the construction worksite
needs most urgently．
建筑工地最急需的正是这种钢。
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It is these drawbacks which need to be eliminated and which have led to the search for new methods of construction.
它们主要用于大型水坝，在大坝中他们能减少水泥硬化时 释放出的热量。
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限定性定语从句有时在翻译时可压缩成宾语、谓 语、表语和同位语。
Soft-rock tunnel has its main characteristic as the tunnel process which need no explosives.
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英语中有大量从动词派生的名词和具有动作意味的名
词，这类名词在英译汉时常能转译成动词。
In spite of the growth of other kinds of transport,
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1.句子的结构： c.英语复合句结构→汉语不同的复合结构。
This place is really beautiful, and many people
土木工程专业英语科技英语翻译3课件
正是钢筋混凝土梁截面的曲率延性使其弯矩重 新分布成为可能。
此句省译英语强调句中的先行词it。
（2）词类转换
英汉两种语言有各自的结构与表达方式， 在翻译时不能逐次翻译，而要使译文符合汉 语的表达习惯、通顺自然。这就要求进行词 类转换，即英语中的某一词类并不一定译成 汉语中相应的词类。
词类转换译法主要有以下四种情况：
mechanisms to resist the loads. 不同类型的梁抵抗荷载的机理也不同。 此句省译英语物主代词their。
例7：
The shear wall resists a shear force greater than that resisted by all the columns in this story.
例3.
The theory can be used to analyze the structures whether they are loaded uniaxially or triaxially.
无论结构受轴向的荷载还是三向的荷载，都可用此
理论对其加以分析。
此处将副词uniaxially 和 triaxially 分别转译为 形容词“轴向的”和“三向的”。
资源和环境也是一个全球共性的问题。人类 越来越明白，人口压力能抵消经济增长，导 致对食物、资源和环境的不可持续的需求。 人类要生存，就要有一个较好的环境，即一 定的生活质量标准和生态环境。低于质量标 准，破坏了生态平衡，就会对人类造成危害。
人口、资源和环境不仅是我国存在的问题， 也是全世界面临的问题。人口问题就是一个 全球共性的问题。世界人口第一个10亿是 1800年达到的，这大约用了十几个世纪的 时间，而世界人口增加的第二个10亿，只用 了一个多世纪。目前，在增加10亿人要不了 几十年。地球上剧增的人口需要更多的粮食 来养活，人类只能大片砍伐森林，大片开垦 草原，代之以农田，再加上不合理的占用和 使用耕田，使可耕面积减少，大量使用化肥 和农药，导致土地质量退化。
此句省译英语强调句中的先行词it。
（2）词类转换
英汉两种语言有各自的结构与表达方式， 在翻译时不能逐次翻译，而要使译文符合汉 语的表达习惯、通顺自然。这就要求进行词 类转换，即英语中的某一词类并不一定译成 汉语中相应的词类。
词类转换译法主要有以下四种情况：
mechanisms to resist the loads. 不同类型的梁抵抗荷载的机理也不同。 此句省译英语物主代词their。
例7：
The shear wall resists a shear force greater than that resisted by all the columns in this story.
例3.
The theory can be used to analyze the structures whether they are loaded uniaxially or triaxially.
无论结构受轴向的荷载还是三向的荷载，都可用此
理论对其加以分析。
此处将副词uniaxially 和 triaxially 分别转译为 形容词“轴向的”和“三向的”。
资源和环境也是一个全球共性的问题。人类 越来越明白，人口压力能抵消经济增长，导 致对食物、资源和环境的不可持续的需求。 人类要生存，就要有一个较好的环境，即一 定的生活质量标准和生态环境。低于质量标 准，破坏了生态平衡，就会对人类造成危害。
人口、资源和环境不仅是我国存在的问题， 也是全世界面临的问题。人口问题就是一个 全球共性的问题。世界人口第一个10亿是 1800年达到的，这大约用了十几个世纪的 时间，而世界人口增加的第二个10亿，只用 了一个多世纪。目前，在增加10亿人要不了 几十年。地球上剧增的人口需要更多的粮食 来养活，人类只能大片砍伐森林，大片开垦 草原，代之以农田，再加上不合理的占用和 使用耕田，使可耕面积减少，大量使用化肥 和农药，导致土地质量退化。
土木工程专业英语课件Lesson_1
土木工程专业英语
Words
Predominate =pre(前、预)+dominate(控制) Geotechnical=geo(地球的、地的)+technical(技术的) Specification=specify(规定)+ation(名词后缀) 规定、规范、说 明书 Supervise=super(超的、在上面的)+vise(vision 看的词根) Subcontractor=sub(次、下)+contractor(承包商) Combustible=combust(燃烧)+ible(可能的)=可燃的
土木工程专业英语
Civil engineering and civil engineers
Civil engineering，the oldest of the engineering specialties，is the planning，design，construction, and management of the built environment．This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocketlaunching facilities.
从那以后，土木工程这个术语已经被用来指那些修建公 共设施的工程师们，尽管这个领域比以前更广。
土木工程专业英语
Scope 范围
Because it is so broad，civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties．
土木工程专业英语Lesson 1 Civil Engineering
This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles，from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities.
[dʒi:əu'teknikəl]
Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project．
岩土工程专家要做土工试验以确定该土是否 能承受这项工程的重量。
对于任何给定的工程，土木工程师都能广泛地利用计算机。
Computers are used to design the project’s various elements (computer-aided design，or CAD) and to manage it．
计算机被用来设计工程的各个部分并进行管理。
Depending on the type of project，the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed．
根据工程的类型，就需要土木工程师专家的各种 技能。
Scope
When a project begins，the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement-water，sewer，and power lines． 当一项工程开始时，土木工程师要勘测现场并绘图， 他们还要确定水管、污水管道和电线的实用布置。
[dʒi:əu'teknikəl]
Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project．
岩土工程专家要做土工试验以确定该土是否 能承受这项工程的重量。
对于任何给定的工程，土木工程师都能广泛地利用计算机。
Computers are used to design the project’s various elements (computer-aided design，or CAD) and to manage it．
计算机被用来设计工程的各个部分并进行管理。
Depending on the type of project，the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed．
根据工程的类型，就需要土木工程师专家的各种 技能。
Scope
When a project begins，the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement-water，sewer，and power lines． 当一项工程开始时，土木工程师要勘测现场并绘图， 他们还要确定水管、污水管道和电线的实用布置。
土木工程英语(全面完整版)
专业英语的结构特点及其翻译
① 顺译法：依照英语原文顺序依次译出 In the course of designing a structure, you have to take into consideration what kind of load the above mentioned structure will be subjected to, where on the structure the said load will do what is expected and whether the load on the structure is put into position all of a sudden or applied by degree. 结构设计时，你必须考虑到设计的结构受到什么样 的荷载，这一荷载在结构的什么位置起（预计 的）作用，以及这一荷载是突然施加，还是逐 渐加到结构指定位置的。
glossary
• 100 major words
• 土木工程专业常用英语词汇
第一节 一般术语
• 1. 工程结构 building and civil engineering structures 房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分 的总称。 2. 房屋建筑工程 building engineering 一般称建筑工程。 3. 土木工程 civil engineering 除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、 构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施 工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 4. 公路工程 highway engineering 5. 铁路工程 railway engineering 6. 港口与航道工程 port ( harbor ) and waterway engineering 7. 建筑物（构筑物） construction works 房屋建筑或土木工程中的单项工程实体。 8. 地基 foundation soil • 9. 木结构 timber structure 10. 工业建筑 industrial building；民用建筑 civil building; civil architecture
大学课件：土木工程专业英语第3章 结构工程学
The scope of this section is indicated by the outline of the contents. It sets out initially to examine the basic properties and strength of materials and goes on to show how these properties affect the analysis and design process of these structures made of either steel or concrete. The topic of composite steel–concrete structures was selected because it has become popular for tall building, offshore, and large-span construction. The final chapter deals with some of the mathematical techniques by which the safety and reliability issues of these structures so designed may be evaluated and their performance assessed. Recent demands for improvements and upgrades of infrastructure, which includes, among other public facilities, the highway system and bridges, have increased the number of structural engineers employed by highway departments and consulting firms. Graduates with advanced degrees in structural engineering in the areas of experimental works, computing and information technology, computer-aided design and engineering, interactive graphics, and knowledge-based expert systems are in great demand by consulting firms, private industry, government and national laboratories, and educational institutions. The rapid advancement in computer hardware, particularly in the computing and graphics performance of personal computers and workstations, is making future structural engineering more and more oriented toward computer-aided engineering. Increased computational power will also make hitherto unrealized approaches feasible. For example, this will make the rigorous consideration of the life-cycle analysis and performance-based assessment of large structural systems feasible and practical. Advanced analysis and high-performance computing in structural engineering are now subjects of intense research interest. Good progress has been made, but much more remains to be done.
《土木工程专业英语》陈瑛_邵永波主编_全文经典翻译之欧阳理创编
欧阳阳理创编 2021.03.04 欧阳阳理创编 2021.03.04 Chapter 1 . Structural Mechanics 结构力学
时间：2021.03.05 创作：欧阳理 1.1 Classification and Behavior of Structural Systems and Elements系统结构和元素的分类和作用
1.2 Determinate and Indeterminate Structures 静定和超静定结构 1.3Structural Dynamics 结构动力学 Chapter 2. Structural Material 土木工程材料 2.1 Materials for Concrete and Mix Proportion 砼材料及配比 2.2 Properties of Concrete 砼的性能 2.3 Steel Materials 钢材料 2.4 Structural Steel Shapes 型钢 Chapter 3. Structural Design concepts 结构设计 3.1 Load conditions and Load Paths 负载条件和加载路径 3.2 Limit State Design 极限状态设计 Chapter 4. Concrete Structure 钢筋混凝土结构 4.1 Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beam 钢筋混凝土梁的弯曲性能
4.2 Shear and Diagonal Tension in Reinforced Concrete Beam 钢筋混凝土梁的剪切和斜拉
4.3Bond , Anchorage, and Development Length 连接，锚固，基本锚固长度
Chapter 1 . Structural Mechanics 结构力学 1.1 . Classification and Behavior of Structural Systems and Elements 系统结构和元素的分类和作用 Common rigid elements include beams, columns or 欧阳阳理创编 2021.03.04 欧阳阳理创编 2021.03.04 struts, arches, flat plates, singly curved plates, and shells having a variety of different curvatures. Flexible elements include cables (straight and draped) and membranes(planar, singly curved, and doubly curved). In addition, there are a number of other types of structures that are derived from these elements(e.g, frames, trsses, geodesic domes, nets, etc. )(figure 1.1) 常见的刚性元件包括梁，柱，支撑，圆拱，平板，单向板弯曲面，具有不同的曲率的翘体。柔性元素包括电缆（直披）和膜结构（平面，单向板弯曲面，双曲面）。此外也有一些来自这些元素（如框架，桁架，测量短程线，网格等） Frames 框架 The frame has rigid joints that are made between vertical and horizontal members. This joint rigidity imparts (给予) a measure of stability against lateral forces. In a framed system both beams and columns are bent or bowed（弯如弓的）as