初中英语语法八大时态总结

初中英语语法八大时态总结

初中英语语法八大时态

一．一般此刻时

1.构造

一定句式 : 主语 +动词原形 /动词的第三人称单数 +其余

否认句式 : 主语 +（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形 +其余

一般疑问句式 : Do/Does+主语 +动词原形 +其余

简单回答 : (肯)Yes,主语 +do/does(否 )No,主语 +do/does not

缩写形式 : don't = do not doesn't = does not

例句： He often goes swimming in summer.

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2.用法

1）表示常常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。

常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month ⋯), once a week, on Sundays频.度副词在句中往常放内行为动词从前，系动词、助动词以后。

比如 : He often goes swimming in summer.

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2）表示主语具备的性格、特点和能力等。

比如： All my family love football .

My sister is always ready to help others .

Ann writes good English but does not speak well.

3)表示客观真谛、客观存在、自然现象。

比如： The earth moves around the sun.

Shanghai lies in the east of China.

4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般此刻时表未来。

但只限于 start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。

比如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

He comes back tonight.

5）在复合句中，当主句是一般未来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只好用一般此刻时来表示

未来要发生的动作。

比如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back.

If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.

二．一般过去时态

1.构造

一定句式 : 主语 +动词过去式 +其余

否认句式 : 主语 +（助动词） didn ’t动+词原形 +其余

一般疑问句式 : Did+ 主语 +动词原形 +其余

简单回答 : (肯)Yes,主语 +did(否)No,主语 +did not

Be 动词was/were+not was/were提早，放于句首

行为动词didn’t+do(动词原形）Did+ 主语 +do（动词原形）

2. 用法

1）表示过去某一时辰或某一段时间里所发生的动作或状况。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last

week(year, night, month⋯), at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time等连用

比如： Where did you go just now?

After a few years, she started to play the piano.

2）表示在过去，常常或频频发生的动作。常与often,always 等表示频度的副词连用。

比如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

3）一般过去式也可与 today,this week,this month,this year 等表此刻的时间状语连用，但这些时间状语

须指过去的时间，决不包括“此刻”“此时此刻”的意思。比如： Did you see him today?今日你看见他了吗？

三．一般未来时

1.构造

构造 1：

一定句式：主语 +助动词 will+ 动词原形 +其余

否认句式：主语 +助动词 will+ 动词原形 +not+其余

一般疑问句式：助动词Will+ 主语 +动词原形 +其余

简单回答：在口语中，will 在名词或代词后常缩为’，llwii not 常简缩为 won’t。

在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I 和 we）时，常用助动词shall。

比如： She’ll go to play basketball.

Shall we go to the zoo?

构造 2：

一定句式：主语 +be going to +动词原形 +其余

否认句式：主语 +be not going to +动词原形 +其余

一般疑问句式： Be+主语 +going to+动词原形 +其余

简单回答：（肯） Yes,主语 +be（否）No,主语+be not

2. 用法

1）表示未来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ⋯ ), soon, in a few minutes, by ⋯ , the day after tomorrow等连用。

比如： I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

2）、表示说话人关于未来的见解、假定和推断，往常用于be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think

等后边的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe 等连用。

比如： I think she’ll go back home for supper.

Maybe she ’ ll go to the gym.

未来时其余表示法

表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或依据迹象判断必定或很可能发生的事情。

比如： What are you going to do tomorrow?

The play is going to be produced next month。

注意： be going to 和 will 之间的差别。

在时间上： be going to 往常表示立刻要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而will 不指明任何详细时间，能够指遥远的未来。

He is going to be better.

He will be better.

计划 /暂时：二者都表表示图时， be going to 含有早先计划、准备的意思； will 则指未经过早先思虑或计划，是暂时的一种决定。

— What are you going to do next Sunday?

— I'm going to go fishing.

— Where is the telephone book?

— I'll go and get it for you.

二者都用于展望时， be going to 意指有迹象表示某件事将要发生，属客观的推断；will 则意指说话人认为 /相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推断。

在条件状语从句中， be going to 表未来 ,will 表意向。

比如： If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.

2）“be to+动词原形”表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。

比如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

3）be about to + 动词原形，意为立刻做某事。不可以与t omorrow, next week等表示明确未来时的时间状语连用，多于when 指引的时间状语连用。

比如： He is about to leave for Beijing.

四．此刻进行时

1.构造：

am/is/are+动词的此刻分词

2.用法：

1）表示此刻（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与 now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days 等时间状语连用。注：假如句首有警告性动词 look 、listen 等，主句的动词也与此刻进行时连用。

比如： We are waiting for you now.

Listen! The bird is singing in the tree.

2）.表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），向来在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。

比如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）

He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他向来在考虑这个问题。

3）.表示频频发生的动作或连续存在的状态，常与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，常常带有说话人的主观色彩。

4）.表示还没有达成的渐变过程，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。

比如： The leaves are turning red.

It's getting warmer and warmer.

5）、表示移位的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive 等，其此刻进行时可表未来。

比如： I'm leaving tomorrow. 明日我要走了。

The train is arriving soon. 火车要到了。

注：不可以用进行时态的动词

类型举例

感官类See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel

感觉类Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer

认知类Believe,think,understand,forget,remember

存在类Appear,exist,lie,remain

据有、附属类Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of

短暂动作类Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish

五．此刻达成时

1.构造：

一定句：主语 +助动词 have（has）+动词过去分词 -ed

否认句：主语 +助动词 have（has）+not(haven ’ t,hasn动’词t)+过去分词 -ed

一般疑问句： Have(Has)+ 主语 +动词过去分词 -ed+？

特别疑问句：疑问词 +have(has)+ 主语 +动词过去分词 -ed+？

2.用法

含义：此刻达成时用来表示此刻从前已发生或达成的动作或状态，但其结果却和此刻有联系 , 也就是说 , 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响此刻还存在。

1）此刻达成时常常同表示不确立的过去时间状语连用, 如 already, yet, just, before, recently, lately 等 Mr.

Wang has just come back from America.王先生刚从美国回来。

I haven’ t seen much of him recently (lately).

We have seen that film before.

Have they found the missing child yet?

此刻达成时中的时间状语：

★already 往常用于一定句中，意为―已经，位于行为动词从前 , be 动词、助动词以后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示吃惊。

比如： We have already cleaned the classroom.

Have you finished it already？

★yet 用于疑问句中表示―已经；用于否认句中，表示还 (没)。

比如：— Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？

— No, not yet. 是, 还没有。

★ever 意为以前，常用于疑问句或否认句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到当前为止的

时间。

比如： Have you ever been there？你以前去过那边吗？

Nothing has ever happened here.这里不曾发生过什么事。

★ never 意为（以前）从未、没有, 能否认副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever 与否认词

I haven’ t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her我.从未跟她讲过话。

★ just 意为―刚才 , 用于此刻达成时 , 表示行为刚才过去 , 位于助动词与过去分词之间。

e.g. He has just come back from school他.刚从学校回来。

★ just now 意为―方才 , 表示过去某时 , 用于一般过去时 , 位于句首或句尾均可。

e.g. He came from school just now他.方才从学校回来。

★for 和 since 的用法及差别。 for 与一段时间连用， since 与时间点连用。注意： since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。

e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.

I haven’ t seen her since she left Shanghai.

I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.

★have/has gone to、 have/has been to和 have/has been in的差

别。 have/ has gone to 去了 ,在去某地的路上或在某地 , 人还未回

来 have/ has been to 以前去过 , 人已经回来了

have/ has been in 已经在 , 常与一段时间连用

e.g. She has been to Shanghai before.她从前曾去过上海。

She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海 10 年了。

Has he gone to Qingdao?他去青岛了吗？但不可以说Have you gone to Qingdao?

2）、此刻达成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作向来连续到此刻，常带有 for 或 since 等表示一段时间的状语。

如： Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.

I haven’t seen much of him recently(lately).

We have seen that film before.

Have they found the missing child yet?

3）、此刻达成时瞬时动词即停止性动词不可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。

常有停止性动词与连续性动词(或状态动词 ) 的对应关系以下 :

come / go / arrive / get / reach / move--- be in/at

open --- be open die --- be dead

close --- be closed become ---be

borrow --- keep put on --- wear

buy --- have leave ----- be away (from)

begin / start ----- be on fall asleep ---- be asleep

end/finish ----- be over catch a cold ----- have a cold

join the army ---- be in the army,be a soldier

join the Party---- be in the Party , be a Party member

例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。

Jim bought this pen two years ago.

Jim has had this pen for two years.

Jim has had this pen since two years ago.

Jim has had this pen since 2007

It is two years since Jim bought this pen.

4）.在表示“近来几世纪 / 年/ 月以来⋯⋯”时间状语中，谓语动词用此刻达成时。

in the past few years/months/weeks/days； over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history等

5）.表示“第几次做某事，”或在“ It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词＋that ”后边跟此刻达成时。

例： This is my first time that I have visited China.

That is the only book that he has written.

6）have / has been to + 地址意为“曾去过某地”，暗含当前已不在该地仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。 have / has gone to + 地址“到了某地去了”，暗含“已走开原地去了某地”之意，可能否抵达了某地尚不确立。

如： He has gone to Shanghai.他去了上海。

He has been to Shanghai.他去过了上海。

六．过去达成时

1.构造：

助动词 had＋动词过去分词

2.用法：

1）、表示在过去某一时间或动作从前已达成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。

常与“by the end of/by/before+ 过去时间”组成的短语连用。比如： The train had already left

before we arrived.

He said that he had learned some English before.

By the end of last term, we had learned five English songs.

2）表示在过去某一动作从前就已经发生或达成了的动作；常用 when,before,after 等指引的从句作为动作发生时间先后的对照，先发生的动作用过去达成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。

When I got to the railway station, the train had already left.

当我抵达火车站时，火车已经开走了

His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here.

爸爸来这从前，在一家电视机厂工作了 5 年。

3）表示过去不曾实现的计划、梦想等。这类用法中常用的动词为 hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等。

比如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.那时我们希望你能来，可是你没有来。

I had thought that all knew about it.我认为他们都知道这件事呢。

七．过去进行时

1.构造：

was/were+动词的此刻分词 (--ing)

2.用法：

1）表示过去某一时辰或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时

间状语从句来表示，如： at this time yesterday ，at 7:00 yesterday ， last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time 以 when 或 while 指引的时间状语从句等。

My family were watching TV at that time yesterday.

When I arrived,Tom was talking on the phone.

What were you doing at 9:00 o’clock yesterday morning.

注意：（1）以 when 指引的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，

When he called me , I was having dinner .

（ 2）以 while 指引的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时辰同时进行，while 常译为“当⋯⋯的时候，同时”。

Tom was doing his homework while his sister was watching TV .

2）、表挪动的动词，如come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等词的过去进行时，能够表示过

去将要发生的动作。

比如： She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.

八．过去未来时态

表示过去的某时此后将要发生的动作。但这个 "未来 "时间绝不会延长到―此刻；而仅限于―过去时间地区内。由此能够看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示―过去某个时间点的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：

1.构造

a)would/should+动词原形

b)was/were going to+动词原形

2.用法

1）、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间

接引语中。

比如： He said that he would finish his work before 9 o’clock.

他说他会在九点从前达成工作。

When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be .

当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反响是什么。

2）、表示过去的某种习惯性动作，只好用would 。

比如： Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand.

每当他碰到困难时，我们总会伸出救助之手。

3）表示过去状况中的―梦想、―偏向，多用于否认句。

No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it .

不论工作有多灾，他总会坚韧不拔地把它干完。

They knew that we would never permit such a thing.

他们知道我们绝不会同意发生这样的事。

Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave .

甚至在讲座结束以后，听众仍不愿离开。

选择

1. The population of the world ____ still ____ now. （ 2009·甘肃兰州）

A. has; grown

B. is; growing

C. will; grow

D. is; grown

2. ---Good evening. I _______ to see Miss Mary. （ 2009·甘肃兰州）

---Oh, good evening. I ’m sorry, but she is not in.

A. have come

B. come

C. came

D. had come

3.— It ’s time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma?

— He ______ his bike in the yard. （ 2009 ·新疆阜康）

A. clean

B. cleaned

C. is cleaning

D. will clean

4. If you carefully, you the report well. （ 2009·广州）

A. will listen; will be understood

B. will listen; understand

5. They about eight hundred English words by the end of last term. （2009·广州）

A. will learn

B. had learned

C. are going to learn

D. have learned

6. — How did the accident happen? （2009·广州）

— You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it .

A. was; was raining

B. is; has rained

C. is; is raining

D. will be; will rain

7. Attention, please. There a football game between China and Korea this evening.

A. is going to be

B. has been

C. has

D. will have

8. — What does your sister like doing in her spare time ？

— She watching TV . （2009·湖北武汉）

A. likes

B. liked

C. has liked

D. had liked

9. — When Jessy to New York ？

— Yesterday. （ 2009·湖北武汉）

A. does; get

B. did; get

C. has; got

D. had; got

10. — How clean the bedroom is! （2009·湖北武汉）

— Yes, I am sure that someone it.

A. cleans

B. cleaned

C. has cleaned

D. had cleaned

11. My friend ______ me. I have to leave now.（2009·河北）

A. waits for

B. waited for

C. is waiting for

D. was waiting for

12. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he ______（.2009·河北）

A. will arrive

B. was arriving

C. arrives

D. arrived

13. I ______ the wrong thing. Can I use your eraser? （ 2009·河北）

A. write

B. wrote

C. am writing

D. will write

14. ---Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening?（2009·山东威海）

---NO, He ______ to England. He will be back next month.

A. returned

B. has returned

C. returns

D. will return

15.---Who ’s won the first prize in the competition? （ 2009·山东烟台）

---Henry______ . He has ______ it for a week.

A. is, won

B. is, got

C. has, had

D. has, been given

16. ---Is this the place that you ______ ? （ 2009·四川成都）

---No. I ’ve never been there before.

A. have visited

B. will visit

C. are visiting

D.would visit

17. It ______ outside. You’d better take an umbrella with you. （2009·江西）

A. rains

B. is raining

C. rained

D. has rained

18. ---Can I help you? （ 2009·江西）

---I bought this watch here yesterday, but it ______ work.

A. won ’t

B. didn’t

C. doesn’t

D. wouldn ’t

19. I used to love this film when I was young, but I ______ it that way any more.（2009·江苏南京）

A. don ’tfeel

B. didn ’tfeel

C. haven’tfelt

D. hadn’tfelt

20. ---How was your trip to the ancient village?（2009·湖北宜昌）

---Fantastic! We ___________to a museum of strange stones.

A. go

B. went

C. are going

D. will go

21. — Where is Peter? （2009·湖南娄底）

— He volleyball with his friends in the school gym.

A. plays

B. played

C. is playing

D.was playing

22. ---Hello! Can I speak to Mr. White?（2009·江苏无锡）

---Sorry, he isn’there right now. He ______ to the theme park.

A. will go

B. was going

C. has gone

D. has been

---Not yet! It will be done in a few minutes.

A. Did; finish

B. Will; finish

C. Do; finish

D. Have; finished

24. She ______ as an animal trainer since 2003. （ 2009.北京）

A. has worked

B. works

C. will work

D. have worked

25. They ______ her to the party, so she was very happy. （ 2009.北京）

A. invite

B. invited

C. will invite

D. are inviting

26. Mr. Green ______ to the manager now. You’d better call him later. （ 2009.北京）

A. talk

B. talked

C. is talking

D. was talking

27. Prison Break is the best American TV play that I ______ these years. （ 2009.安徽）

A. watch

B. will watch

C. have watched

D. was watching

28. ---Alice, turn down the TV , please. I _________ on the phone.

---Oh, sorry. （2009.安徽）

A. have talked

B. talked

C. am talking

D. talk

29.--- Where are the Greens, may I ask? （2009·吉林通化）

--- Well, they ______ to England. They have been there for nearly a week now.

A. have been

B. are going to

C. have gone

D. will go

30.The teachers_______ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn. ’ t meet them

A. had been away from

B. had left

C. have been away from

D. have left

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