城市轨道交通专业英语课程教案

Unit 2Knowledge of Traffic讲课题目Lesson 5 Rail Transit（下）解说型讲课种类教课目的Master the related knowledge of Rail TransitRail Transit（下）重点Railroads难点教课过程作业Thus ,overall door-to-door travel times for urban trips up to perhaps 10mile ( 16km) may be in the same range as those provided on fully grade-separated urban rapidtransit facilities.Up to向来到，等于；same as与什么同样本句中 those 代指前句中的 travel times。

provided onfully grade-separated urban rapid transit facilities修饰 those ，说明谁花销的时间。

联合同学们对城市轨道运输的认知程度，依据教材详尽叙述重轨运输（下半部分内容）和市郊运输等有关知识以及文中生词、短语、及语法构造Words and Expressions2. Notes on the text主要教学内容2. Heavy Rail Transit重轨运输（下）Therefore , it is generally feasible only in outlyingareas where land or in freeway medians where the costof land and grade separations can be shared with highway project.所以这种形式往常只在地价廉价的外头地域才是可行的，或在高速公路的中央分开带上修筑，因为这时土地和立交的成本能够分摊于公路工程项目。

Elevated construction costs are perhaps twice as much as for facilities at grade, but the land below can be used for a street, for parking or industrial uses, oreven for linear parks;高架构造的造价大概是地面工程的两倍，但高架构造的下部空间能够用作街道、泊车或工业用地甚至能够作为带状公园。

HARTin Albany and El Cerrito, CA, is an example of the latter.旧金山海湾地域的迅速运输系统使是后者的一个例子。

In densely built up areas ,including CBDs, the adverse impacts of noise and reduction of daylight militateagainst elevated construction.在建筑密度大的地域，包括中心商业区在内，噪声以及日照减少的不利要素会对高架构造产生不利影响。

A doubling,or even tripling,of costs occurs if underground alignments are considered.假如考虑用地下方案，造价将会是两倍或三倍。

However, land costs are minimized by the use of street rights-of-way easements under private property instead of outright purchase,and development of air rights over those parcels which must be acquired.可是，因为采纳街道通行权、不直接购买上地而是利用个人上地的通行权以及开发那蚱一定获取的小地域的领空权等方法，土地造价会降到最低。

Environmental deterioration is minimized, although itmust be recognized that underground travel is as attractive to passengers as moving in daylight.固然必须认可地下搭车出行对乘客来说其实不像地上搭车出行那样具有吸引力，但地下搭车出行将会使环境的恶化程度降低。

Art determines the need for crossovers and storage tracks.营运剖析将决定能否有必需修筑天桥和备用轨道。

The former are needed primarily for trackmaintenance purposes, while the latter provide forturning trains back short the end of the line, or for storing disabled vehicles.此中前者主假如供检修轨道使用，后者则供车辆在路线終点倒车或停放不可以行驶的车辆用 .muter Railroads 市郊运输In some large metropolitan arras, London,Paris, and Tokyo. a large such as NewYork, burden of urbantransportation is borne by intercity railroads.在一蚱国际多数市，如纽约、伦敦、巴黎和东京，城市交通的大多数是由城市间的轨道运输来肩负的。

Many of the lines involved were located for intercity travel and , in generating urban land usesalong their corridors,found themselves serving increasing numbers of local trips.很多为城市间通行而设置的轨道路线，在其沿线的土地上盛行了新的城市，致使利用轨道运输去当地旅游的数目也日趋增添。

Up to about 1920 somerailroads added in the suburbs where they found sufficient demand.到大概四20 年为止，山于大批的交通需求，市郊的一铁路线路连续增添。

However, since that time many railroads have been abandoned because Of the high costs d railroad operation and reluctance by management to allow long-distance passengers and freight customers to subsidize urban transportation.但是，从那时开始，因为铁路营运费用过高以及不肯经过管理手段向长途乘客和货主征收城市交通补助，很多线路已经被荒弃。

Originally ,railroads were usually laid out at gradewith level highway crossings.开初，铁路往常铺设在地面上，与公路平面交错。

In some cities,such crossing were eliminated later bychanging grade of the railroad, therefore providing itwith a fully exclusive right-of-way .以后，经过调整轨道的坡度，这种形式的交错在一些城市被撤消。

所以，轨道运输就拥有了专用通行权。

Passenger operation was, however, still sharing thisfacility With freight movements.可是，客运仍旧与货运共同使用此种运输设备A major problem of urban railroad services is thelocation of the terminals.确立终点站的地点是城市轨道的一个主要问题。

There is almost always only one downtown access pointper corridor, and this is often located at the edge ofor outside the CBD.每条交通走廊往常只有一个进人中心区的站点，它一般设置在中心商业区的边沿或之外处域。

Typically, it is a stub terminal with limitations to theinherent number of train movements that canbe handled per hour.往常状况下，这种站点一般都是次终点站，它们对每小时能经过的车辆数有固定的限制。

In some cities with extensive electrified suburban lines ,such as Brussels, Munich, Hamburg, and most recently Philadelphia, these drawbacks have beenovercome by connecting terminals located on oppositesides of the CBDwith underground tracks and one or more intermediate stations for direct access to the citycenter. 为了能够直接进人市中心区，一些郊区电气化线路遍及的城市，如布鲁塞尔、慕尼黑、汉堡以及近来的是费城，已经将位于中心商业区周围的终点用地下轨道以及一个或几此中间站点连结起来以便直接进人市中心，从而战胜了上述弊端。

Capacity is increased because trains no longer need tobe reversed at crowded terminals.因为车辆不需要在拥挤的终点站调头，使通行能力获取了提升。