建筑结构英语常用词汇
建筑、结构专业常用英文词汇
总体设计
General design
设计依据
Design basis
建筑红线
Building line
建筑系数
Coefficient of building occupation
界区
Battery limited
有效面积
Effective area
使用面积
Usable area
结构面积
Structural area
建筑面积
Building area
建筑面积密度
Density of building area
竖向布置
Vertical planning
高程
Altitude Contour line
相对标高
Relative elevation
绝对标高
Absolute altitude
地震基本烈度
Basic earthquake intensity
抗震设防烈度
Fortification intensity
风玫瑰
Wind rose
建筑朝向
Building orientation
建筑间距
Building distance
公顷
Hectare
指北针
North arrow
测北
Geophical north
建北
Plant north
气象
Meteorology
日照
Sunshine
天然采光
Natural lighting
人工照明
Artificant light; artificial
illumination
照度
Degree of illumination
通风
Ventilation
正压通风
Positive ventilating
噪声
Noise
隔声
Sound insulation
吸声
Sound absorption
保温隔热
Heat insulation
露点
Dewpoint
冷桥
Cold-bridge
Sunshade
恒温恒湿
Constant temperature & constant
humidity
消声
Noise elimination; noise
reduction
防振
antivibration
4.2 建筑一般词汇
Conventional terms of
architecture
方案
Scheme; draft
草图
Sketch
透视图
Perspective drawing
建筑构图
Architectural composition
坐标
Coordinate
纵坐标
Ordinate
Abscissa
跨度
Span
开关
Bay
进深
Depth
层高
Floor height
净高
Clear height; headroom 横数
Module; modulus
裙房
Skirt building
楼梯
Stair
梯段
Stair slab
楼梯平台
Stair landing
安全出口
Safety exit
疏散楼梯
Escape staircase 楼梯间
Stair well
封闭楼梯间
Enclosure staircase
防烟楼梯间
Smoke prevention stair well
消防电梯间
Emergency elevators well
自动扶梯
Escalator
中庭
Atrium
疏散走道
Escape corridor; escape way
耐火等级
Fire-resistive grade
生产类别
Classification of production
耐火极限
Duration of fire-resistance
防火间距
File-break distance
泄压面积
Area of pressure release
闷顶
Mezanine; mezzanine
砖标号
Grade of brick; strength of brick
承重墙
Bearing wall
非承重墙
Non-bearing wall
挡土墙
Retaining wall
填充墙
Filler wall
围护墙
Curtain wall; cladding wall;
enclosure wall
女儿墙
Parapet wall
隔墙
Partition
（浴室、厕所）隔断
Stall
窗间墙
Pier
墙垛
Pillar
过梁
Lintel
圈梁
Gird; girt; girth
防潮层
Damp-proof course
勒脚
Plinth
横梁
Transverse beam
纵横
Longitudinal wall
山墙
Gable; gable wall
防火墙
Fire wall
压顶
Coping
勾缝
Pointing
砖砌平拱
Brick flat arch
预埋件
Embedded inserts
直抓梯
Ladder
栏杆
Railing
防腐蚀
Corrosion resistant; Anticorrosion 化学溶蚀
Chemical erosion
膨胀腐蚀
Expansion corrosion
化学腐蚀
Chemical corrosion
电化学腐蚀
Electro-chemical corrosion
晶间腐蚀
Intergranular corrosion
气相腐蚀
Gaseous corrosion
液相腐蚀
Liquidoid corrosion
固相腐蚀
Solid corrosion
腐蚀裕度
Allowance for corrosion
锈蚀
rusting
4.3 建筑材料Building materials
级配砂石
Graded sand & gravel
素土夯实
Rammed earth
灰土
Lime-soil
素混凝土
Plain concrete
钢筋混凝土
Reinforced concrete(R.C)
细石混凝土
Fine aggregate concrete
轻质混凝土
Lightweight concrete
加气混凝土
Aerocrete; Aerocrete concrete
陶粒混凝土
Ceramsite concrete
水泥膨胀珍珠岩
Cement & expended pearlite
岩棉
Mineral wool; mine wool
沥青
asphalt
卷材
Felt
玛蹄脂
Asphalt mastic
粘土砖
Clay brick
釉面砖
Porcelain enamel brick
空心砖
Hollow brick
砌块
Block
缸砖
guarry brick
锦砖
mosac
地面砖
paving brick
防滑地砖
non-slip brick
耐酸砖（板）
acidbrick (acidtile)
胶泥
mastic
粘土瓦
Cloy tile
玻璃瓦
enamelled tile
波形镀锌钢板
galvanized corrugate steel sheet
玻璃钢瓦
glass-fiber reinforced plastic tile
彩色压型钢（铅）板
coloured corrugate steel
(aluminium) plat;
profiuing coloured stccl
(aluminium) plat
石棉水泥瓦
ashestos-cement sheet
水磨石
terrajjo
水刷石
granite plaster
花岗石
granite
磨光花岗石
polished granite
剁斧石
artificial stone
大理石
marble
水泥砂浆抹面
cement plaster
石灰砂浆抹面
lime plaster
水泥石灰砂浆抹面cement-lime plaster
刀灰打底
hemp-cut and lime as base 原木
Log
方木
square timber
板材
plank
胶合板
plywood
三夹板
3plywood
五夹板
5plywood
平板玻璃
flat glass
浮法玻璃
float-process glass
磨砂玻璃
ground glass; frosted glass
起玻璃
prism glass
夹丝玻璃
Wire glass
夹层玻璃
sandwich glass
中空玻璃
hollow glass
钢化玻璃
reinforced glass
镀膜玻璃
coating glass
有机玻璃
organic glass
4.4 建筑构造及配件
Building construction &
component
铺砌
paving
地坪
grade
基层
bedding
素土夯实
rammed earth
垫层
base
结合层
bonding course
面层
Covering
隔离层
insulation course
活动地板
raising floor; movable floor;
access floor
篦子板
grating
地面提示块
ground prompt
遮阳板
sunshade
窗套
Window moulding
护角
curb guard
防水层
water-proof course
找平层
Leveling course
隔热层
heat insulation course
保温层
thermal insulation course
檩条
purlin
天窗
skylight
天棚
ceiling
吊顶
suspending ceiling
吊顶龙骨
ceiling joist
雨水口
drain gulley
水斗
Lead head
雨水管
Leader; downspout
天沟
Valley
挑檐
overhanging eave
檐口
eave
泛水
flashing
分水线
watershed
檐沟
eave gutter
汇水面积
catchment area
雨罩
canopy
散水
apron
坡道
ramp
台阶
entrance steps
保温门
thermal insulation door
隔声门（窗）
sound insulation door (window); acoustical door (window)
防火门（窗）
fire door (window)
冷藏门
freezer door
安全门
exit door
防护门（窗）
protection door (window)
屏蔽门（窗）
Shield door (window)
防风砂门
radiation resisting door (window)
密闭门（窗）
weather tight door
泄压门（窗）
pressure release door (window)
壁柜门
closet door
变压器间门
transformer room door
围墙门
gate
车库门
garage door
保险门
safe door
引风门
ventilation door
检修门
access door
平开门（窗）
side-hung door
推拉门（窗）
sliding door
弹簧门
swing door
折迭门
folding door
卷帘门
rolling door
转门
revolving door
夹板门
plywood door
拼板门
FLB door (framed, Ledged and
battened door);
matchboard door
实拼门
solid door
镶板门
panel door
镶玻璃门
glazed door
玻璃门
glass door
钢木门
steel & wooden door
百页门
shutter door
连窗门
door with side window
传递窗
delivery window
观察窗
observation window
换气窗
vent sast
上悬窗
top-hung window
中悬窗
center-pivoted window
下悬窗
bottom-hung window
立转窗
vertically pivoted window
固定窗
fixed window
单层窗
single window
双层窗
double window
百页窗
shutter
带形窗
continuous window
子母扇窗
attached sash window
组合窗
composite window
落地窗
French window
玻璃幕墙
glazed curtain wall
门（窗）框
door (window) frame
拼樘料
transom （横），mullion （竖）门（窗）扇door (window) leaf
(平开窗扇casement sash)
纱扇
screen sash
亮子
transom, fanlight
门心板
pancl
披水板
weather board
贴脸板
trim
筒子板
Lining
窗台板
sill plate
防护铁栅
barricade; iron grille; grating
合页
butts; hinges; butt hinges
执手
knob
撑档
catch
滑道
sliding track
插销
bolt
拉手
pull
推板
push plate
门锁
mortice lock; door lock
执手锁
mortice lock with knob
4.5 建筑结构
Building structure
4.5.1 荷载
Load
活荷载
Live load
静荷载，恒载
Dead load
静力荷载
Static load
移动荷载
Moving load
动力荷载
Dynamic load
冲击荷载
impact load
附加荷载
Superimposed load
规定荷载（又称标准荷载）
Specified Load
集中荷载
Concentrated Load
分布荷载
Distributed Load
设计荷载
Design Load
轴向荷载
Axial Load
偏心荷载
Eccentric Load
风荷载
Wind Load
风力、风压
Wind force、Wind Pressure
雪荷载
Snow Load
屋面积灰荷载
Roof ash Load
（吊车）最大轮压
Maximum Wheel Load
吊车荷载
Crane Load
安装荷载
Erection Load
施工荷载
Construction Load
不对称荷载
Unsymmetrical Loading
重复荷载
Repeated Load
刚性荷载
Rigid Load
柔性荷载
Flexible Load
临界荷载
Critical Load
容许荷载
Admissible Load, Allowable Load safe Load
极限荷载
Ultimate Load
条形荷载
Strip Load
破坏荷载
Failure Load, Load at failure
地震荷载
Seismic Load; Earthquake load
荷载组合
Combination of load
4.5.2 地基和基础
Soil and foundation
地基
(Bed)soil
天然地基
Natural ground
人工地基
Artificial ground
混凝土基础
Concrete foundation; Concrete
footing
毛石基础
Rubble masonry footing;
(Rubble) stone footing
砖基础
Brickwork footing
桩基础
Pile foundation
设备基础
Equipment foundation
机器基础
Machine foundation
独立基础
Individual footing, Isolated
foundation
Pad foundation
联合基础
Combined footing
大块式基础
Massive foundation
条形基础
Strip foundation; Strip footing
Strap footing; Continuous footing
方形基础
Square footing
杯形基础
Footing socket
板式基础
Slab-foundation; Mat footing
阶梯形基础
Stepped foundation; Benched
foundation
(Stepped footing)
扩展基础
spread footing
扩底基础
Under-reamed foundation
浮伐基地
Raft foundation; Buoyant
foundation
Floating foundation
沉箱（井）基础
Caisson foundation
构架式基础
Frame foundation
深基础
Deep foundation
基础
Footing Foundation
基槽
Foundation ditch; Foundation
trench
基坑
Foundation pit
基础板
Foundation slab
基础梁
Foundation beam Footing beam
基础底面
Foundation base
基础底板
Foundation mat
基础垫层
Foundation-bed
基础埋置深度
Depth of embedment foundation
地下连续墙
Undelground continuous wall
打桩
Pile driving
打桩机
Pile engine; Pile driver; Ram mactuine
钢桩
Steel pile
水桩
Wood pile; Timber pile
钢筋混凝土桩
Reinforced concrete pile
砂桩
Sand pile
石灰桩
Lime pile; Lime column; Quicklime pile
单桩Single pile
群桩
Pile group; Pile cluster
斜桩
Batter pile
预制桩
precast pile
灌注桩
In-situ pile; Cast-in-place pile
Cast-in-situ pile; Filling pile
板桩
sheet pile
拆密桩
Compaction pile
挤密砂桩
Sand compaction pile
灰土挤密桩
Line-soil compaction pile
钻孔桩
Bored pile
打入桩
Driuen pile
摩擦桩
Friction pile; Buoyant pile
端承桩
End bearing pile; Point bearing
pile;
Column pile (柱桩）
支承桩
Bearing pile
抗拔桩
Tension pile; Uplift pile;
抗滑桩
Anti-slicle pile
桩承台
Pile cap
桩帽
Pile cap; pile couel
桩头
Pile crown; pile head
桩端
Pile tip
桩身
Pile shaft
桩距
Pile spacing
桩钢筋笼
Pile cage
试桩
Test pile
桩荷载试验
Pile load test
桩的动荷载试验
Dynamic load test of pile
桩的侧向荷载试验
Lateral pile load test
桩的极限荷载
Ultimate pile load
桩承载能力
Pile capacity; Bearing capacity of
a pile
Carrying capacity of a pile
土压力
Earth pressure
主动土压力
Active earth pressure
被动土压力
Passive earth pressure
静止土压力
Earth pressure at rest
容许地耐力
Allowable bearing strength
冰冻深度
Frozen depth; Frost depth;
Frost penetration depth of frost
penetration
防冻深度
Frost-proof depth
粘土类土
Clayey soil
轻亚粘土
Sandy loam
亚粘土
Sandy clay; Loam
砂质土
Sandy soil
砂砾石
Sandy gravel stratum
膨胀土
Expansive soil
硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层
Hard pan
液限
Liquid limit
塑限
Plastic limit
塑料指数
Index of plasticity
松软土
Mellow soil; spongy soil
回填土
Backfill Refilling
杂填土
Miscellaneous fill
地表水
Surface water;
地下水
Groundwater
地下水位
Groundwater eltualion;
Groundwater level; Groundwater
table
容重
Unit weight
干容重
Dry unit weight
湿容重
Wet unit weight
饱和容重
Saturated unit weight
不均匀沉降
Unequal settlement;
Differential settlement
地基处理
Ground treatment
地基加固
Ground stabilization; soil
improvement
土质查勘
Soil exploration
地质勘察
Geological exploration
沉陷
Settlement
倾斜
obliquity; Inclination
滑移
Sliding
夯实土
Compacted soil
夯实填土
Compacted fill
夯实回填土
Tamped backfill
夯实分层厚度
Compacted lift
持力层
Bearing stratum; Supporting;
Course
管道与基础相碰
Pipeline interferes with
foundation
4.5.3 一般结构用语
Terms for general structures
建筑结构
Building structure
建筑物
Building
结构形式
Structural type
混凝土（砼）结构
Concrete structure
砌体结构
Masonry structure
砖砌结构
Brick structure
石砌结构
Stone structure
砖砼结构
Brick and concrete structure
钢结构
Steel structure
结构型钢
Shape steel
木结构
Timber structure
组合结构
Composite structure
框架结构
Frame structure
梁板结构
Beam and slab structure 构件
Member
承重构件
Load-bearing member 结构构件
Structure member
肋形屋盖
Ribbed roof
肋形楼板
Ribbed floor slab
无梁楼板
Flat plate; Flat slab
桁架；屋架
Truss; Roof truss
三角形屋（桁）架Triangular truss
梯形屋（桁）架Trapezoidal truss 拱形屋架
Arch roof truss
折线形屋架
Segmental roof truss
弓形桁架
Bowstring truss
框架
Frame
排架
Bent frame
刚架
Rigid frame
门架
Portal frame
抗风构架
Wind frame
抗震构架
Aseismic frame
梁
Beam; Girder
大梁
Girder
主梁
Principal beam; Primary beam
次梁
Secondary beam
加腋梁
Haunched beam
筒支梁
Simply beam
固端梁
Fixed beam
悬臂梁
Cantilever beam
连续梁
Continuous beam
托梁
Spandrel
圈梁
girth
过梁
Lintel
曲梁
Curved beam bow beam
基础梁
Foundation beam
吊车梁
Crane girder
T形梁
T-beam
柱
Column
组合柱
Combination column
立柱
Post
吊车柱
Crane column
抗风柱
End panel column
墙
wall
板
slab plate
承重墙
Bearing walls
柱网
Column grid
支撑系统
Brace system
柱间支撑
Portal bracing between columns
屋石支撑
Roof bracing
垂直支撑
Vertical bracing
水平支撑
Horizontal bracing
剪刀撑
Cross bracing
临时顶撑,支撑
Shoring
桁架式支撑
Trussed bracing
斜撑
Kneel-brace
上弦
Top chord
下弦
Bottom chord
节间
Panel
节点
Panel point
压杆
Compression member; strut 拉杆
Tension member; Tie-beam 腹杆Web member
斜杆
Diagonal member
斜腹杆
Diagonal web member
吊杆
Hanged rod; sag rod
系杆，拉杆
Tie bar; sag rod
天窗架
Skylight frame
天窗
Monitor; Skylight
托座、牛腿
Bracket
檀条
Purlin
连接
Connection
接点
Joint
铰接点
Hinged point
固接点
Fixed Joint
安装接点
Erection joint
拼接接点
Splice joint
节点板、连接板
Gusset plate; connecting plate
加劲板
Stiffener plate
支撑板
Bearing plate
填隙板
Filler plate
梁柱接头
Beam-column connections
截面
Cross section
拱
Arch
壳
Shell
伸缩缝
Expansion joint
沉降缝
Settlement joint
施工缝
Construction joint
防震缝
Aseismic joint
4.5.4 结构理论用语
Terms for theory of slructures
a) 设计方法术语
Terms for design method
结构设计
Structure design
按极限强度设计
Ultimate strength design
按许可应力设计
Working stress design
按承载能力设计
Loading capacity design
按稳定性设计
Design according to stability
按变形设计
Design according to deformation
结构分析
Structural analysis
结构计算
Structural calculation
静定结构
Statically determinate structures
超静定结构
Statically indeterminste structures 精确计算
Rigorous calculation
近似计算
Approximate calculation
安全等级
Safety classes
极限状态
Limit states
摩擦系数
Coefficient of friction
质量密度
Mass density
重力密度
Weight (Force) density
b) 结构的作用效应术语
轴向力
Normal force
剪力
Shear force
弯矩
Bending moment
扭矩Torque
水平推力
Horizontal thrust
水平拉力
Horizontal pull
水平（垂直）分力
Horizontal (vertical) component
合力
Resultant
正应力
Normal stress
剪应力
Shear stress
主应力
Principal stress
次应力
Secondary stress
预应力
Prestress
位移
Displacement
挠度
Deflection
变形
Deformation
弯曲
Bending; Flexure
扭转
Torsion
c) 材料性能、结构抗力术语
Terms of property of material and
resistamle of structure
抗力
Resistancc
抵抗力矩
Resistante moment
强度
Strength
刚度
Stiffness; Rigidity
抗裂度
Crack resistance
抗压强度
Compressiue strength
抗拉强度
Tensile strength
抗剪强度
Shear strength
抗变强度
Flcxural strength
抗扭强度
Torsional strength
抗裂强度
Cracking strength
屈服强度
Yield strength
疲劳强度
Fatigue strength
弹性模量
Modulus of elasticity
剪切模量
Shear modulus
变形模量
Modulus of deformation
稳定性
Stabilith
泊松比
Poisson ratio
d) 几何参数术语
Terma of geometry parameter
截面高度
Height of section
截面有效高度
Effective depth of section
载面宽度
Breadth of section
截面厚度
Thickness of section
截面面积
Area of section
截面面积矩
First moment of area
截面惯性矩
Second moment of area
截面抵抗矩模量规范中用词Section modulus
回转半径
Radius of gyration
偏心距
eccentricity
长度
Length
跨度
Span
矢高
Rvse
长细比
Slenderness ratio 4.5.5 砖石结构
Masonry construction
砖砌体
Brickwork
砌筑
Laying
砖标号
Grade of brick; Strength of brick
毛石砌体
Rubble masonry
毛石砼砌体
Grouted rubble masonry
水泥砂浆
Cement mortar
石灰砂浆
Lime mortar
水泥石灰砂浆
cement-lime mortar
砂浆找平
Mortar leveling
4.5.6 钢筋砼结构
Reinforced concrete structure
素混凝土
Plain concrete
钢筋混凝土
Reinforced concrete
预应力砼
Prestressed concrete
砼标号
Grade of concrete
钢号
Grade of steel
整体式结构
Monolithic structure
装配式结构
Assembled structure
预制构件
Precast element; Fabricated
element
现浇
Cast-in-site; Placed-in-site
浇灌砼
Concreting; Costion; Pouring;
Placing
一次浇灌
At one pouring
分二次浇灌
Pours in two operations
二次灌浆
Final grouting
钢筋保护层
Reinforcement protective course
模板
Formwork; shuttering
拆模
Form stripping
预埋件
Embedded inserts
预留槽（洞）
Groove (Hole) to be provided
垫层
Bedding course
找平层
Leveling course; Trowelling
course
4.5.7 配筋
Reinforcement
配筋率
Percentage of reinforcement
主筋
Main reinforlement
分布筋
Distributing reinforcement
腹筋
Web reinforcement
开口箍筋
U-stirrups
闭口箍筋
Closed stirrups
环筋
Hoops
弯起钢筋
Bent-up bar
附加钢筋
Additional reinforcement 搭接接头
Lapped splice
焊接接头
Welded splice
钢筋间距
Spacing of reinforcement 吊筋
Suspender
双向配筋
Two-way reinforced
螺旋筋
Spiral bar
温度筋
Temperature reinforcement 锚固长度
Anchor length
埋入长度
Built-in length
螺孔直径
Diameter of bolt hole
螺孔中心线
Center line of bolt hole
锚栓、地脚螺栓
Anchor bolt
基础螺栓
Foundation bolt
安装螺栓
Erection bolt
普通螺栓
Common bolt
高强螺栓
High strength bolt
4.5.8 焊接
Welding
电弧焊
Electric arc welding
气焊，氧—乙炔焊
Gas welding; oxy-acetylene
welding
焊条
Welding electrode; Welding-rod
手工焊
Manual welding
自动焊
Automatic welding
车间焊接
Shop-welding
现场焊接（工地焊接）
Field-welded
满焊
Full weld
搭接焊
Lap weld
贴角焊
Fillet weld
点焊
Spot weld
对接焊
Butt weld
仰焊
Overhead weld
双面贴角焊
Flat fillet weld in front and back
连续贴角焊
Continuous fillet weld
间断贴角焊
Intermittent fillet weld
安装焊缝
Erection weld
单V形对接焊
Single V butt weld
双V形对接焊
Double V butt weld
4.5.9 特种结构
Special structures
水塔
Water tower
高烟筒
Tall chimney
冷却水塔
Cooling tower
油罐
Oil tank
蓄水池
Water reservoir
管廊
Pipe rack
管架
Pipe support
球罐
Spherical tank 裂解炉cracking furnace 起重机、吊车Crane; Hoist
建筑专业常用英语词汇
建筑专业常用英语词汇
建筑专业常用英语词汇 A design basis 设计依据 计划建议书planning proposals 设计任务书design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图information drawing 设计基础资料basic data for design 工艺流程图process flowchart 工程地质资料engineering geological data 原始资料original data 设计进度schedule of design B stage of design 设计阶段 方案scheme, draft 草图sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判negotiation 可行性研究feasibility study 初步设计preliminary design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 询价图enquiry drawing 施工图working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图as built drawing C climate condition 气象条件 日照sunshine 风玫瑰wind rose 主导风向prevailing wind direction 最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载wind load 最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电thunder and lightning
建筑相关英语词汇
WORD格式 建筑专业部分相关英语词汇 建筑类型类 民用建筑civilarchitecture 工业建筑industrialbuilding 居住区residentialarea 坡地住宅steppedhillsidehouse 联排住宅terracedhouse 错层式住宅split-levelhouse 半独立式住宅semi-detachedhouse 公寓apartment,flat 多层建筑multi-storeyblock 高层建筑high-riseblock 商业建筑businesspremises 乡土建筑vernaculararchitecture 本土建筑，地域建筑localarchitecture 绿色建筑greenarchitecture 基础设施infrastructure 设计过程类 可行性研究feasibilitystudy 进度表timeschedule 方案草图preliminarysketch 初步设计preliminarydesign 施工设计finaldesign 详图设计detaildesign 图纸drawing 平面图plan 立面图elevation 东立面图eastelevation 南立面图southelevation 西立面图westelevation 北立面图northelevation 横剖面crosssection 纵剖面longitudinalsection 轴测图isometricview 鸟瞰图bird’s-eyeview 施工图workingdrawing 总体规划图masterplan
WORD格式 索引图key,keyplan 现场质量管理sitesupervision 工程质量管理projectsupervision 验收finalapproval 建筑指标类 层高storyheight 居住面积livingarea 建筑占地面积coveredarea 容积率plotratio 覆盖率coverage 绿地率ratioofgreenspace 人口密度populationdensity 居住密度densityofsettlement 建筑元素类 走廊corridor,passage 挑廊overhangingcorridor 檐廊eavescorridor 回廊cloister 凉廊loggia 过街楼arcade 门斗foyer 阁楼attic 阳台balcony 雨篷canopy 自然层floor 维护结构envelopenclosure 围护性幕墙enclosingcurtainwall 装饰性幕墙decorativefacedcurtainwall 落地窗Frenchwindow 百叶窗shutter,louverwindow 起居室livingroom 餐室diningroom 厨房kitchen 浴室bathroom 淋浴shower 单人卧室singlebedroom 双人卧室doublebedroom 备餐室pantry
(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇
Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l mery壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖
钢结构施工英语常用词汇
钢结构施工常用英语总结 标题类： Construction Organization Plan施工组织设计 General Construction Organization Plan施工组织总设计 Compilation Instructions 编制说明 Compilation Bases 编制依据 Construction Scheme施工方案 Construction Arrangement 施工部署 Preparation Of Construction Site施工现场准备 Labor Force Organization劳动力组织 Project Management Organization项目管理组织机构 Construction Schedule 施工进度计划（Construction Progress Scheduling）Measures To Ensure Construction Progress 进度保证措施 Schedule Management Plan 进度管理计划 Construction Site Layout Plan 施工现场平面布置 Construction Procedures施工程序 Quality Assurance System质量保证体系 Construction Surveying, Positioning And Setting Out施工测量、定位放线Preliminaries 准备工作 Mounting And Installation 装配和安装 Steel Structure Installation Method钢结构安装方法 Preparations Prior To Installation安装前准备工作 Consideration About Installation Of Steel Structure钢结构安装思路 A Standard Portal-Framed Structure标准门式钢架 Two-Crane-Lifting-Method双机抬吊法 The Longitudinal And Transverse Axis纵横轴线 After The Steel Beam Positioned钢梁就位后 Trial Hoist试吊 Major Safety Technical Measures主要安全技术措施
建筑结构专业英语词汇
A acceptable quality 合格质量 acceptance lot 验收批量 aciera 钢材 admixture 外加剂 against slip coefficient between friction surface of high-strength bolted connection 高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数 aggregate 骨料 air content 含气量 air-dried timber 气干材 allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of masonry wall or column 砌体墙、柱容许高厚比 allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细比 allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member 受压木构件容许长细比allowable stress range of fatigue 疲劳容许应力幅 allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement 钢筋拉应变限值 allowable value of crack width 裂缝宽度容许值 allowable value of deflection of structural member 构件挠度容许值 allowable value of deflection of timber bending member 受弯木构件挠度容许值allowable value of deformation of steel member 钢构件变形容许值 allowable value of deformation of structural member 构件变形容许值 allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structure 抗震结构层间位移角限值 amplified coefficient of eccentricity 偏心距增大系数 anchorage 锚具 anchorage length of steel bar 钢筋锚固长度 approval analysis during construction stage 施工阶段验算 arch 拱 arch with tie rod 拉捍拱 arch—shaped roof truss 拱形屋架
求有关室内设计的专业英语词汇
方案：Design, Scheme 初步设计：Primary Design 施工图CD: Construction DesignFuction 功能区Light 灯具Droplight 吊灯吸顶灯Entrance 入口Living room 客厅Sitting room 起居室Embed light 嵌灯Dinning room 餐厅Daylight lamp 日光灯Kitchen 厨房Reflect down light 筒灯Office 书房Quartz down-light 石英灯Master bedroom 主卧房Votage track light 射灯Quest bedroom 客卧Track light 轨道灯Children bedroom 儿童房Picture light 镜画灯Hiding light 暗藏灯管Projection room 视听室Dressing room 更衣室Wall lamp 壁灯Storeroom 储藏室Reading lamp 台灯Master bathroom 主卫Floor lamp 落地灯Bathroom 卫生间Bathroom fixture 卫生洁具Wash room 洗衣房Staircase 楼梯Washbowl 洗手台[台盆]Aisle 过道Water faucet 水龙头Closestool 座便器Gazebe 阳台Urinal 小便斗Garden 花园Bathtab 浴缸Swimming pool 游泳池Shower bath 淋浴房Furniture 家具Wiring 电器设备Cupboard 厨房橱柜Television 电视机Drink box 酒柜Sound box 音响Bar 吧台Washer 洗衣机Dinning table 餐桌Bedstand 床头柜Bed 床Bookcase 书柜Chest of drawers 五斗矮柜Electrical outlet 插座Chest of drawers 藏衣柜Switch 开关TV set 电视柜Air-condition 空调Tea table 茶几Immersion heater 电热水壶Sofa 沙发Electric cooker 电饭褒Reclining chair 躺椅Macrowave oven 微波炉Chair 椅子Refrigeratory 冰箱American interior design; 美国室内设计 American interior designer; 美国室内设计师 Residential design; 私家住宅设计； Villa design (single family home design); 别墅设计； Office design; 办公室设计； Commercial design; 非住宅设计（商务楼设计；写字楼设计；公共场所设计）Californian interior design; 加州室内设计 Californian interior designer; 加州室内设计师 Model home design; 样板房设计 Clubhouse interior design;会所室内设计 American furniture design;美国家具设计 Foreign interior design; 外国室内设计 Foreign interior designer; 外国室内设计师PLAN —设计方案Interior design –室内设计Exterior 室外Landscape design –景观设计Architecture design –建筑设计designer –设计师baseplan –基础建筑图floor plan –平面图elevation -立面图RCP = 天花吊顶设计= Reflected Ceiling Planelectric plan = 电线走线图furniture plan –家具布置平面图interior plant plan –室内植物摆放图window schedule –窗表door schedule –门表美国室内设计有两种合同：一种叫做specification，就是只设计，不负责采购室内陈设；另外一种是turnkey，字面意思就是交钥匙，设计师负责设计同时也负责采购室内全部用品用具，包括家具、摆设、艺术皮、画、床上用品、地毯等。后者主要是有钱人家采用的方式比较多，这样才能保证质量。因为设计师更能贯彻自己的设计理念，保证采购回来的东西风格统一并且由于设计师采购的价格是批发价，所以实际上主人并不需要多付钱。Chair Rail –挡椅线也可以叫做腰线Picture rair –挂镜线
建筑结构英语常用词汇样本
总体设计 General design 设计依据 Design basis 建筑红线 Building line 建筑系数 Coefficient of building occupation 界区 Battery limited 有效面积 Effective area 使用面积 Usable area 结构面积 Structural area 建筑面积 Building area 建筑面积密度 Density of building area 竖向布置 Vertical planning 高程 Altitude 等高线 Contour line 相对标高 Relative elevation 绝对标高 Absolute altitude 地震基本烈度 Basic earthquake intensity 抗震设防烈度Fortification intensity 风玫瑰 Wind rose 建筑朝向 Building orientation 建筑间距 Building distance 公顷 Hectare 指北针 North arrow 测北 Geophical north 建北 Plant north 气象
Meteorology 日照 Sunshine 天然采光 Natural lighting 人工照明 Artificant light; artificial illumination 照度 Degree of illumination 通风 Ventilation 正压通风 Positive ventilating 噪声 Noise 隔声 Sound insulation 吸声 Sound absorption 保温隔热 Heat insulation 露点 Dewpoint 冷桥 Cold-bridge 遮阳 Sunshade 恒温恒湿 Constant temperature & constant humidity 消声 Noise elimination; noise reduction 防振 antivibration 4.2 建筑一般词汇 Conventional terms of architecture 方案 Scheme; draft 草图 Sketch 透视图 Perspective drawing 建筑构图 Architectural composition 坐标
室内设计中英文对照
常用室内设计词汇-中英文对照 室内设计-interior design 室内设计师- interior designer 建筑-architecture 建筑师-architect 景观-landscape 家具-furniture 灯光-lighting 照明-illumination 家居设计-residential design 商业设计-commercial design 软装-FF&E（furniture fixture and equipment) 人体工程学-ergonomics 空间-space 精品酒店-boutique hotel 草图-draft or sketch 规格-specification 汇报或讲解-presentation 渲染或着色-rendering 透视-perspective 规范-code 对称-symmetry 不对称-asymmetry 轴线-axis 空间篇 住宅类 客厅，起居室—living room 餐厅-dinning room 玄关-foyer 卧室-bedroom 主卧-master bedroom 次卧-second bedroom 客卧-guest bedroom 厨房-Kitchen 厨岛kitchen island 书房-study room 衣帽间-cloakroom 卫生间-bathroom , toilet , bath 储藏室-storage 楼梯-stair 阳台-balcony 花园-garden 露台-patio 商业类 1办公类 接待处- reception 候客区-waiting Area or lounge 会议室（小型的）-meeting room or seminar 会议室（大型的）-conference room 办公室- office 经理办公室manager office 开放式的工作区-work area 多功能室-multi-function room 2酒店类 入口-entrance 出口-exit 大堂-lobby 前厅-vestibule 过道-corridor 休闲区,等候区-lounge 宴会厅-ballroom 客房-guestroom 套间-suite 行政套房-executive suite 总统套房-presidential suite 健身中心—fitness center or gym 瑜伽-yoga 泳池-swimming pool Spa 咖啡厅-cafe 酒吧-bar 餐厅-restaurant 备餐-pantry 电梯-elevation or lift 卫生间-restroom 男-men's 女women's 影院-cinema 商务中心-business center 行李间-luggage store 盥洗室-lavatory 3其他类 天花-ceiling 长廊-pavilion 零售店-retail store 大厅(堂）-hall 展览-gallery
专业室内设计英语词汇
2015年最全室内装修英文 1]Fuction [1]功能区Entrance入口Living room客厅Sitting room起居室Dinning room餐厅Kitchen厨房Office书房Master bedroom主卧房Quest bedroom客卧Children bedroom儿童房Projection room视听室Dressing room更衣室Storeroom储藏室Master bathroom主卫Bathroom卫生间Wash room洗衣房Staircase楼梯Aisle过道Gazebe阳台Garden 花园Swimming pool游泳池 [2]Furniture[2]家具Cupboard厨房橱柜Drink box酒柜 Bar吧台Dinning table餐桌Chair椅子Reclining chair躺椅Sofa沙发Tea table茶几 TV set电视柜Chest of drawers藏衣柜Chest of drawers五斗矮柜Bookcase书柜Bed床Bedstand床头柜[3]Light[3]灯具Droplight吊灯 吸顶灯Embed light嵌灯Daylight lamp日光灯Reflect down light筒灯Quartz down-light石英灯Votage track light射灯Track light轨道灯
Picture light镜画灯 Hiding light暗藏灯管 Wall lamp壁灯 Reading lamp台灯 Floor lamp落地灯 [4]Bathroom fixture[4]卫生洁具 Washbowl洗手台[台盆] Water faucet水龙头 Closestool座便器 Urinal小便斗 Bathtab浴缸 Shower bath淋浴房 [5]Wiring[4]电器设备 Television电视机 Sound box音响 Washer洗衣机 Refrigeratory冰箱 Macrowave oven微波炉 Electric cooker电饭褒 Immersion heater电热水壶 Air-condition空调 Switch开关 Electrical outlet插座Walking Closet 衣帽间 客厅Livingroom 卧室Bedroom 书房Study 阁楼Loft 楼梯Stair 楼梯间Stir Well 玄关Entrance 卫生间Bathromm 厨房Kitchen ground plan 平面图floor, storey 层ground floor 第一层(美作:first floor) flat 套(美作:apartment) stair well 楼梯间 lift shaft (美作:elevator shaft) fire escape 防火梯 staircase 楼梯 goods lift 公务电梯(美作:freight elevator) central heating 暖气 ventilation shaft 通风井 air conditioning 空调 air-conditioned 带空调的
专业室内设计英语词汇
2015年最全室内装修英文1]Fuction [1]功能区 Entrance 入口 Living room 客厅 Sitting room 起居室 Dinning room 餐厅 Kitchen 厨房 Office 书房 Master bedroom 主卧房 Quest bedroom 客卧 Children bedroom 儿童房 Projection room 视听室 Dressing room 更衣室 Storeroom 储藏室 Master bathroom 主卫 Bathroom 卫生间 Wash room 洗衣房 Staircase 楼梯 Aisle 过道 Gazebe 阳台 Garden 花园 Swimming pool 游泳池 [2]Furniture [2]家具 Cupboard 厨房橱柜 Drink box 酒柜 Bar 吧台 Dinning table 餐桌 Chair 椅子 Reclining chair 躺椅 Sofa 沙发 Tea table 茶几 TV set 电视柜
Chest of drawers 藏衣柜 Chest of drawers 五斗矮柜Bookcase 书柜 Bed 床 Bedstand 床头柜 [3]Light [3]灯具Droplight 吊灯 吸顶灯Embed light 嵌灯 Daylight lamp 日光灯Reflect down light 筒灯 Quartz down-light 石英灯Votage track light 射灯 Track light 轨道灯Picture light 镜画灯 Hiding light 暗藏灯管 Wall lamp 壁灯 Reading lamp 台灯 Floor lamp 落地灯 [4]Bathroom fixture [4]卫生洁具Washbowl 洗手台[台盆] Water faucet 水龙头Closestool 座便器 Urinal 小便斗Bathtab 浴缸 Shower bath 淋浴房 [5]Wiring [4]电器设备Television 电视机 Sound box 音响 Washer 洗衣机Refrigeratory 冰箱Macrowave oven 微波炉Electric cooker 电饭褒
建筑结构英语常用词汇
建筑结构英语常用词汇
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总体设计 Generａl desｉgn 设计依据 Deｓign basis 建筑红线 Builｄing line 建筑系数 Coeｆficiｅnt of bｕｉldinｇoccupaｔｉon 界区 Ｂａｔtｅry liｍｉｔed 有效面积 Effective area 使用面积 Uｓａbleａrea 结构面积 Stｒucｔuｒaｌarｅa 建筑面积 Buiｌdingａｒeａ 建筑面积密度 Densｉｔy ｏf buiｌding areａ 竖向布置 Ｖeｒｔical planｎing 高程 Ａltitude 等高线 Coｎｔour liｎe 相对标高 Ｒelatiｖe ｅlevation 绝对标高 Aｂｓoluｔe altiｔudｅ 地震基本烈度 Ｂasｉc earthｑuａke inteｎsity 抗震设防烈度 Foｒtification ｉnteｎsｉty 风玫瑰 Ｗind rose 建筑朝向 Ｂuｉlding oｒieｎｔａｔion 建筑间距 Ｂuildinｇｄistance 公顷 Ｈecｔare 指北针 Nortｈａrrow 测北 Gｅｏphical nortｈ 建北 Planｔnｏrｔh 气象 Mｅteoｒolｏgy 日照 Suｎｓｈinｅ 天然采光 Ｎaｔｕral lighting 人工照明 Artiｆicant ｌiｇｈｔ;aｒｔificial ｉlluminatiｏn 照度 Degree ｏｆｉllumｉnatｉｏn 通风 Ｖenｔilatｉoｎ 正压通风 Ｐosｉtive ventｉlating 噪声 Noisｅ 隔声 Ｓouｎd insｕlaｔion 吸声 Ｓouｎd abｓｏrptｉon 保温隔热 Heat inｓulａｔion
建筑结构英语
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ARCHITECTURE 建筑专业 (2) a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 (2) b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段 (2) c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 (3) d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 (4) e. ROOFING AND CEILING屋面及天棚 (6) f. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) (7) g. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟 (9) h. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDW ARE) 门、玻璃、窗及五金 件 (11) I. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯 (15) j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES建筑材料词汇及短语 (16) Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦 (16) Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石 (17) Cement, Mortar and Concrete水泥、砂浆和混凝土 (18) Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料 (19) Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉 (19) Timber 木材 (20) Metallic Materials 金属材料 (21) Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属 (23) Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料 (24) Building Hardware 建筑五金 (25) Paint 油漆 (25) k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语 (26) Discipline 专业 (26) Conventional Terms 一般通用名词 (27) Architectural Physics 建筑物理 (29) Name Of Professional role 职务名称 (30) Drafting 制图 (30) 2. STRUCTURE 结构专业 (37) a. Load 荷载 (37) b. Ground Base and Foundation地基及基础 (42) c.Reinforcement Concrete Structure 钢筋混凝土结构 (47) d. Steel Structure 钢结构 (53) e. Design for Antiseismic 抗震设计 (57) f. General Words for Design 设计常用词汇 (58) g. General Words for Construction施工常用词汇 (68)
室内设计英语词汇中英文翻译
客厅 Livingroom 卧室 Bedroom 书房 Study 阁楼 Loft 楼梯 Stair 楼梯间 Stir Well 玄关 Entrance 卫生间 Bathromm 厨房 Kitchen ground plan 平面图 floor, storey 层 ground floor 第一层 (美作:first floor) flat 套 (美作:apartment) stair well 楼梯间 lift shaft (美作:elevator shaft) fire escape 防火梯 staircase 楼梯 goods lift 公务电梯 (美作:freight elevator) central heating 暖气 ventilation shaft 通风井 air conditioning 空调 air-conditioned 带空调的 flooring (一块)地板 floorboard 地板(总称) parquet 木条地板 herringbone parquet 人字形木条地板 tile 瓷砖 terrazzo 磨石子地 wall 墙 main wall 承重墙 partition wall 隔断墙 plastering 抹灰 skirting board 壁脚板 to whitewash 粉刷 facade 建筑物正面 window 窗 basement 地下室 penthouse 遮檐,披屋 attic, garret 阁楼 kitchen 厨房 dining room 饭厅 living room 起居室 lounge 吸烟室,大厅 bathroom 浴室 toilet 卫生间chimney 烟囱 fireplace 壁炉 gutter 排水沟 drainpipe 雨水管,落水管 ceiling 天花板 flat roof, roof garden 屋顶平台,屋顶花园 roof 屋瓦顶 tile, roof tile 瓦 sand 沙 cement 水泥 mortar 灰泥 plaster 石膏 concrete 混凝土 reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete 钢筋混凝土 gravel 碎石 brick 砖 slate 石板 marble 大理石 beam 梁,木梁 girder 钢梁 corrugated iron 波状钢 timber 木料,木材 pipes 钢管 wiring 电器设备 promoter 创办人 architect 建筑师 quantity surveyor 施工技术员 draftsman 绘图员 civil engineer 道路工程师 builder 建筑工人 foreman 工头 master builder 营造商,建筑工程队队长 (master) bricklayer 泥瓦匠,砌砖工匠 hodman, hod carrier 小工 plasterer 抹灰工 welder 焊工 joiner 工匠 electrician 电工 glazier 玻璃工匠 plumber 管道技工 plumber's mate 管道工 painter, decorator 油漆工 crane driver 吊车司机
[中英]建筑结构中英文单词对照
建筑结构中英文翻译 acceptable quality：合格质量 acceptance lot：验收批量 aciera：钢材 admixture：外加剂 against slip coefficient between friction surface of high-strength bolted connection：高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数 aggregate：骨料 air content：含气量 air-dried timber：气干材 allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of masonry wall or column：砌体墙、柱容许高厚比 allowable slenderness ratio of steel member：钢构件容许长细比 allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member：受压木构件容许长细比allowable stress range of fatigue：疲劳容许应力幅 allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement：钢筋拉应变限值 allowable value of crack width：裂缝宽度容许值 allowable value of deflection of structural member：构件挠度容许值 allowable value of deflection of timber bending member：受弯木构件挠度容许值allowable value of deformation of steel member：钢构件变形容许值 allowable value of deformation of structural member：构件变形容许值 allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structure：抗震结构层间位移角限值 amplified coefficient of eccentricity：偏心距增大系数 anchorage：锚具 anchorage length of steel bar：钢筋锚固长度 approval analysis during construction stage：施工阶段验算 arch：拱 arch with tie rod：拉捍拱 arch—shaped roof truss：拱形屋架 area of shear plane：剪面面积 area of transformed section：换算截面面积 aseismic design：建筑抗震设计 assembled monolithic concrete structure：装配整体式混凝土结构 automatic welding：自动焊接 auxiliary steel bar：架立钢筋 backfilling plate：垫板 balanced depth of compression zone：界限受压区高度 balanced eccentricity：界限偏心距 bar splice：钢筋接头 bark pocket：夹皮 batten plate：缀板 beam：次梁 bearing plane of notch：齿承压面(67)
土木工程常用英语术语.
土木工程常用英语术语 第一节一般术语 1. 工程结构 building and civil engineering structures 房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。2. 工程结构设计design of building and civil engineering structures 在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。 3. 房屋建筑工程 building engineering 一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 4. 土木工程 civil engineering 除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 5. 公路工程 highway engineering 为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 6. 铁路工程 railway engineering 为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
7. 港口与航道工程 port ( harbour ) and waterway engineering 为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 8. 水利工程 hydraulic engineering 为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。 9. 水利发电工程（水电工程）hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering 以利用水能发电为主要任务的水利工程。 10. 建筑物（构筑物） construction works 房屋建筑或土木工程中的单项工程实体。 11. 结构 structure 广义地指房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的实体，狭义地指各种工程实体的承重骨架。 12. 基础 foundation 将建筑物、构筑物以及各种设施的上部结构所承受的各种作用和自重传递到地基的结构组成部分。 13. 地基 foundation soil; subgrade; subbase; ground 支承由基础传递或直接由上部结构传递的各种作用的土体或岩体。未经加工处理的称为天然地基。 14. 木结构 timber structure