初中英语定语从句(全,含练习及答案解析)

（一）定语从句的概念定语从句：一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。

在主句中充当定语成分。

被修饰的词叫先行词。

定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。

定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。

因此，Handsome boy = the boy who is handsomeBeautiful flower = the flower which is beautiful被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词可分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that)和关系副词(when, where, why)关系词都充当从句的某个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。

在定语从句中，当who, which, that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。

关系词常有3个作用：①引导定语从句。

②代替先行词。

③在定语从句中担当一个成分。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。

关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。

（二）关系代词用法作用例句关系代词指示对象That人/物主（宾）The student that answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是约翰。

The book （that）you lent me was interesting.你借给我的那本书很有趣。

Which物主（宾）Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.Who人主（宾） A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.The man（who）you met just now is my friend. Whom人（宾）The man（whom）you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.Mr. Ling is just the boy（whom）I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.Whose人.物定He has a friend whose father is a doctor.Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.注意一：1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3） whom在定语从句中只指人，做宾语，可用who或that代替，也可以省略但后边的介词提前时，只用whom例如：Do you know the man (whom/who/that) the teacher is talking to?= Do you know the man to whom the teacher is talking?She is the person (whom/who/that) you should turn to for help.= She is the person to whom you should turn for help4) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语)(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。

(2) Please pass me the book whose cover (=of which the cover) is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

5) 先行词有下列词修饰时只能用as引导定语从句, 如：as...as；so...as；such...as；the same+ 名词+as。

You can buy as many books as you want in this bookstore. (as作want的宾语)Such computers as are used in our office are made in South Korea.(as作定语从句的主语)This jewel is the same one as I showed you the other day. (as作showed的直接宾语)This jewel is the same one that I showed you the other day.(that作showed的直接宾语）请注意“the same +名词+ as”与“the same +名词+ that”的区别。

(1) She wore the same dr ess that she wore at Mary’s wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(2) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

注意：定语从句such…as …与结果状语从句such… that…的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分注意二：that和which虽然都能指物，但是在某些情况下，只能用that指物而不用which1）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如：This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.（作宾语可省略）This is the most beautiful park that we have visited.2）先行词被the very，the only the same, the last等修饰时，例如：This is the very book that I'm looking for.（作宾语，可省略）The only thing that she could do was to wait patiently.（作宾语，可省略）3）先行词被序数词修饰时，例如：The first thing that we do in the morning is to clean the classroom.（作宾语，可省略）This is the third largest city that was founded in the 1980s.（作主语）4）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时.Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.There is little (that) I can do for you.5）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6) 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?7）先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语，例如：He is not the boy that he used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.8) 当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which注意三：宜用which而不用that的情况1. 在非限制性定语从句中。

Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.2. 在关系词前有介词时。

This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.3. 当先行词本身是that时。

The clock is that which can tell us the time.（三）关系副词的用法关系副词指示对象作用例句When时间状语I'll never forget the days when I worked together with youThe time when we got together finally came.Where地点状语This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled downShanghai is the city where I was born.Why原因状语Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.关系副词（在句中作状语）关系副词 = 介词+关系代词why=for which（先行词一般是reason）Where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)When=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。

where = in/at + whichwhen=in/on/at/during + which why = for whichwhose=of which/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of which/whom例如：1. This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。