高中英语英语中定语

英语中定语

英语中的定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要是形容词，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、定语从句等。

定语的位置：

定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

定语前置

在英语里，一般定语前置时的次序为：限定词，形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前，我们要注意其次序。

其形容词遵循的词序为：限观形龄颜国材用

指：限定词（一般指数量）；外观（美丽等）；形状（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。

如：

1限定词2外观3形状4年龄5颜色6国籍7材料8用途

a famous American university

an interesting little red French oil painting

a new plastic bucket

a purple velvet curtains

an elegant German clock

另外，有些形容词也有特殊的次序：

描述身体特征的形容词先于表示情感和性格特征的形容词

例如：a small lovely girl, a long patient queue, a pale anxious patient;

表示颜色的形容词放在表示情感和性格特征的形容词之后

例如：a kind black teacher, an inquisitive brown dog;

little,old 和young 有时可以作为名词短语不可分割的一部分，所以可以直接放

在名词之前，

例如：a lovely little girl

表示性格特征的形容词可以放在old young 之前，也可放在old young 之后，例如：

a young ambitious man （强调年龄），an ambitious young man（强调雄

心勃勃）。

当然，三个以上形容词连用作定语，就显得累赘，因此上面所说的情况一般较少出现.

数词

数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens.（two为定语，修饰名词boy：two修饰名词pen）两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students.（two为定语，在此数词做形容词，修饰名词boys）这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room.（two为定语，在此数词做形容词，修饰名词boy）房间里有两个男孩。

特殊词

代词或名词所有格作定语：

His son needs Tom's pen.（his为定语，修饰名词son；Tom’s为定语，修饰名词pen）他的儿子需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom.（his为定语，修饰名词name）他的名字是汤姆。

定语后置

短语作定语一般后置

It was a conference fruitful of results. 那是一个硕果累累的会议。

He gave me a basket full of eggs. 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。

English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master. 英语是一门容

易学但是难精通的语言。

The boys hardest to teach are all in his class.最难教的男生都在他的班里了。

修饰some，any，no，every等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置

Let’s go somewhere quiet. 咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。

There is nothing important in today's newspaper. 今天报纸上没有什么重要的东西。

Do you have anything more to say? 你还有什么话要说吗

副词作定语（表示地点、方位、时间的副词）

They lived in the room above. 他们住在楼上的房间。

动词、名词转化而来的以-able,-ible 结尾的形容词作定语

He is a dependable person. 他是一个可以依靠的人

This is the only way of transport available. 这是唯一可行的交通方式。

起强调作用的单个分词

Everybody involved should stay here. 每个（被）涉及到的人都应该呆在这里。

The college is being mentioned. （被）提及的大学。

不同词性定语

介词短语定语

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.

（in the classroom 为定语，修饰名词boy；of yours为定语，修饰名词pen）/教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

The boy in blue is Tom.

（in blue为定语，修饰名词boy）/穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of 9, and three of 10.

（two, three, of 9和of10为定语，修饰名词boy）/ 有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。

形容词定语

所有的形容词，只要后面加名词，都是定语

名词定语

The boy needs a ball pen.（ball为定语，修饰名词pen）/男孩需要一支圆珠笔。It is a ball pen.（ball为定语，修饰名词pen）/这是一支圆珠笔。

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.（the pencil box为定语，修饰名词ball pen ）/这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

副词定语

The boy there needs a pen.（there为定语，修饰名词boy）/那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom.（here为定语，修饰名词boy）/这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式定语

The boy writing this letter needs a pen.（writing this letter 为定语，修饰名词boy）/ 写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

There is nothing to do today.（to do为定语，修饰名词nothing）/今天没有事要做。

分词定语

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（smiling为定语，修饰名词boy；bought by his mother为定语，修饰名词pen）/那个微笑的男孩需要

一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

The pen bought by her is made in China.（bought by her 为定语，修饰名词pen）/ 她买的笔是中国产的。

There are five boys left.（five为定语，修饰名词boy；left为定语，修饰名词boy）/有五个留下的男孩。

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