插入语用法大全
插入语用法归纳
插入语用法很多,在句子中的位置比较灵活,在学习中应当认真去体会。大体而言,插入语可以分为以下几类:
1. 用简短的句子结构作插入语。这类短语有:I think, I hope, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, I'm afraid, I'm sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, what's more等等,它们可以置于句中或句尾。如:
I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.
This diet, I think, will do good to your health.
It won't be raining long, I hope.
You will have to work harder, you know, if you want to succeed.
2. 副词或副词短语用作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首或句尾。如:
Happily for him, his father's second wife was kind to him too.
You'll be able to pass the coming exam, surely.
Luckily for him, he didn't hurt in the accident.
Honestly, I don't need it at the moment.
3. 介词或介词短语作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首,有时也可放在句中。如:
Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in other words, I'm an only child.
By the way, Bob sends his best wishes.
On the other hand, I didn't know you were there.
In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load.
4. 分词短语作插入语。如:
Judging from your accent, you must be from England.
Generally speaking, he is the best student in our class.
Compared with China, the USA is smaller.
5. 不定式短语作插入语。如:
To put it mildly, he was not up to the mark.
To tell you the truth, I don't want to see her.
To be sure, Jim is a faster skater, but he is not good at doing figures.
To conclude, it was a great success.
英语中关于care的词组短语总结
care about; care for; care; care to的区别辨析
care about“关心；计较；在乎”，指由于某事重要，或因责任所在而关心计较，一般用于否定句。如：
He doesn't care about his clothes．他不讲究衣着。
I don't care about going there．去不去那里，我无所谓。
care for“关心；照料；喜欢；愿意”。作“关心；照料”讲，一般用于肯定句或疑问句。如：
Who will care for your children when you are away﹖ 你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子？
How the Party cares for us! 党是多么关心我们啊！
Would you care for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗？
He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else． 他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。
care 关心，照顾 顾虑 还可作及物动词，但其后通常接从句。如：
I don't care who you are．我不管你是谁。
I don't care what you say．不论你说什么，我都不在乎。
care to“愿意，欲望”，后接动词原形。如：
I don’t care to go there．我不愿意去那里。
care的短
语总结
take care (=to be careful) v.当心，小心
take care of (=to look after someone or something) v.照顾，照料，照看
take care of (=to deal with all the necessary work, arrangements etc) v.处理，做完
care for (=to look after someone who is not able to look after themselves) v.照顾，照看
care for (=to like or love sb or sth) v.喜欢，爱
take care (=spoken used when saying goodbye to family and friends) v.再见
“Knowlege is power. 知识就是力量。
Never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。”
英语中比较结构的翻译技巧
英语中的比较结构的句型复杂，表现形式多样。翻译的时候，在需要准确理解原文的基础上，才能进行贴切的表达。因此，龙文学校1对1辅导教师向大家总结原文意思容易令人混淆的比较结构的翻译方法。
一、as…as…句型
（一）as…as…句型：as…as…句型是同级比较，表示两者比较程度一样。所以在翻译的时候，通常翻译为“…和….一样”。
My parcel is as heavy as yours.（我的包裹和你的包裹一样重。）
（二）not as (or so)…as…句型：跟as…as…句型相反的结构not as (or so)…as…表示两者的程度不一样，前者不如后者，所以，通常翻译为“…不如…”。
My uncle is not as (or so) tall as your father.（我叔叔不如你父亲高。）
（三）not so much …as…句型
not so much …as…这个结构表示的基本意义和not as (or so)…as…一样，但是通常翻译为 “与其说…不如说…”。
He was not so much angry as disappointed.他与其说是生气，还不如说是失望了。（可以理解为：“他的生气不如失望多”，就是说“他更多的是失望，愤怒是其次。”）
（四）not so much as…句型
not so much as…这个结构相当于“not even…”，所以通常翻译为“甚至不…，甚至没有…”。请注意与not so much …as…这个结构的区别。
He didn’t so much as ask me to set down.（他甚至没有请我坐下。）
二、比较级+ than to do…句型
由比较级与than to do sth.结合在一起的句型，通常翻译为“不至于做某事”。
You ought to know better than to go swimming on such a cold day.（你不至于这么冷的天气去游泳吧。）
三、more…than…句型
（一）more A than B句型：more A than B通常用于同一个人或者事物在两个不同性质或者特征上面的比较。翻译为“与其说B，不如说A”。类似的结构还有less A than B，翻译为“与其说A，不如说B”，请注意这两个结构中“与其说”与“不如说”的对象，即A与B两者的在翻译中的位置。
He is more good than bad.（与其说他很坏，不如说他很好。）
He is less good tha
n bad.（与其说他很好，不如说他很坏。）
（二）more than…句型
在英语中，如果more than…句型后面所跟的词性不相同，意义也不尽相同，所以应该用不同的汉语词来翻译。
1．more than后面接数词，表示“多于…，….以上”的意思。
I have known him for more than twenty years.（我已经认识她二十多年了。）
2．more than后面接名词或者动词，表示“不只是…”的意思。
He is more than a father to her.（他待她胜过父亲。）
3．more than后面接形容词、副词或者分词，表示“极其，非常”的意思。
She was more than kind to us.（他对我们非常友好。）
4．more than… can…则表示“难以…，完全不能…”的意思。
That is more than I can understand.（那件事情，我实在是不明白。）
（三）no more …than…句型
no more …than…句型在意义上与not any more than….一样，表示对两者都否定，所以可以翻译为“…和….一样不，不…正如…，既不…也不…，…和…两者都不”。跟no more …than…句型相近，但是意义相反的句型是no less…than…，可以翻译为“既是…，也是…，两者都是…”。
His grammar is no better than mine.（他的语法同我的一样不好。）
He is no more a writer than a painter.（他既不是画家也不是作家。）
He is no less a writer than a painter.（他既是画家也是作家。）
最后，龙文学校辅导教师想对同学们说：“Never put off what you can do today until tomorrow.（今日事今日毕！）”，今天的事情要今日办，就想学习一样，要及时把今天该复习的的内容全部完成，不要想到拖到明天去办，因为明天还有明天要完成的事情。
100个使用频率较高的词语搭配
1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy
2.人民生活水平的显着提高/ 稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard
3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology
4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges
5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…
6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development
7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…
9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate
10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue
11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument
12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…
13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,
14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…
15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reas
ons
16.双方的论点 argument on both sides
17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…
18.对…必不可少 be indispensable to …
19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:
20.…也不例外 …be no exception
21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…
22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
23.导致,引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in
24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon
25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement
26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation
27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision
28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills
29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychological burden
30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration
31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective
32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts
33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…
34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society
35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…
36.综合素质 comprehensive quality
37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach
39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…
40. 应当承认 Admittedly,
41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty
42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…
43.可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information
44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources
45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词,字母I 大写)
46.方便快捷 convenient and efficient
47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life
48.环保(的) environmental protection / environmentally friendly
49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress
50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology
51.对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue
52.支持前/后种观点的人 people / those in fovor of the former/ latteropinion
53.有/ 提供如下理由/ 证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence
54.在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree / in some way
55. 理论和实践相结合 integrate theory with practice
56. …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of…
57.日益激烈的社会竞争 the increasingly fierce social competition
58.眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest
59.长远利益. interest in the long run
60.…有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages
61.扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones
62.取其精髓,取其糟粕 Take the essence and discard the dregs.
63.对…有害 do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to
64.交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information
65.跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with
the latest deve
lopment of …
66.采取有效措施来… take effective measures to do sth.
67.…的健康发展 the healthy development of …
68.有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides.
No garden without weeds.
69.对…观点因人而异 Views on …vary from person to person.
70.重视 attach great importance to…
71.社会地位 social status
72.把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…
73.扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge
74.身心两方面 both physically and mentally
75.有直接/间接关系 be directly / indirectly related to…
76. 提出折中提议 set forth a compromise proposal
77. 可以取代 “think”的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that
78.缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden
79.优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth.
80.与…比较 compared with…/ in comparison with
81. 相反 in contrast / on the contrary.
82.代替 replace/ substitute / take the place of
83.经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis / cannot hold water
84.提供就业机会 offer job opportunities
85. 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress
86.毫无疑问 Undoubtedly, / There is no doubt that…
87.增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding
88.充分利用 make full use of / take advantage of
89.承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure
90.保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society
91.更多地强调 put more emphasis on…
92.适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society
93.实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true
94. 主要理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:
95. 首先 First, Firstly, In the first place, To begin with
96.其次 Second, Secondly, In the second place
97. 再次 Besides,In addition, Additionally, Moreover, Furthermore
98. 最后 Finally, Last but not the least, Above all, Lastly,
99. 总而言之 All in all, To sum up, In summary, In a word,
100.我们还有很长的路要走 We still have a long way to go.
英汉表达差异
有位专家曾做过这样一个实验:他找了两位二十岁左右西班牙小伙子和中国小伙子,让他们在同一时间内用英语写同一篇作文,结果,西班牙小伙子潇潇洒洒地写了五百多字,意思表达基本明了,但拼写语法错误不胜枚举,改动处不多;而中国小伙子只拘谨地写了不到三百字,拼写错误不多,但语法改动不下二十余处,使人难以流畅地阅读。显然,前者只注意思想表达,后者则有很强语法意识———生怕犯语法错误,这种意识在相当程度上影响了思想表达。由此可见,不同社会文化背景人,会有不同思维方式和思维习惯,在学习新语言时,人们会很自然地把这种习惯带到新语言里去,产生这样或那样不良结果。
值得一提是,中国人与西方人看问题
方法确在许多方面存在着差异,而且这种差异确确在束缚着中国学生,成为他们英文写作中拦路虎,使他们不能畅所欲言,不能准确而简洁地表达思想。因此,本文就大学英语写作中常出现问题谈谈英汉表达几种差异。
一、首先,让我们关注一下英美人与中国人思维方式不同。英美人思维方式是直线式,他们在遣词造句谋篇上遵循着从一般(general)到具体(specific),从概括(summarize)到举例(exemplify),从整体(whole)到个体(respective)原则。请看短文:
Soccer is a difficult sport.(1)A player must be able to run steadily without rest.(2)Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head.(3)Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others.(4)They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles.
上面这则短文中,主题句(main idea sentence)也就是文章中心是第一句,(1)(2)(3)(4)句是用来说明主题句。
而在汉语中,我们习惯于先分后总,先说原因后说结果,即所谓“前因后果”,如果要表达相同意思,我们通常这样说:
足球运动员必须能不停地奔跑,有时得用头顶球,撞别人或被别人撞,必须忍受双脚和肌肉疼痛,所以说,足球运动是一项难度大运动。
再比如写下面一则便条,因你母亲突然生病,周末你不能和汤姆去跳舞了,你找了舞跳得很好时黛来代替你,并表示抱歉。
此英语便条为:
July 6, 2002
Dear Tom,
I am sorry to inform you that I won't be able to go to dance with you this weekend. My mother is suddenly takenill. In order not to disappoint you, I have asked Shi Dai to take my place. She is a better dancer, I think. My regrets.
Joe
从便条中可以看出,英语表达先“果”—I won't be able to go to dance with you this weekend后“因”—my mother is suddenly taken ill,即所谓“先果后因”。
一般来说,在单个句子中,英语句子也是先中心,也就是将主要思想、结果放在句首,放在主句里表达;而汉语正相反,一般为后中心,主要观点、信息往往放在句末。如:
He had to stay at hom e yesterday because he was ill.因为他病了,昨天他不得不呆在家里。
Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life. 生活中既然有悲剧,文学作品就可以写悲剧。
所以说,大学生用英文写作时,就要按照英美人思维模式进行思考,也就是说要学会用英语进行思维,避免写出中国式英语。
二、接下来,让我们看一下英汉句子结构特点。英语属印欧语系,汉语属汉藏语系,两种语言相距甚远,英语结构紧凑,汉语结构松散。语言学家以“竹节句法”来比喻英语句子,即英语句子是由断不可缺各种连接词衔接而成,宛如节节相连竹子;而汉语句子则被比喻为“流水句法”,所谓流水指少用乃至不
用连接词仍行文流畅。所以说,英语重形和,汉语重意和。英语句子中如果少了连接词如or,but,if,so,because,when,although , in order that,so that,所要表达意思就支离破碎了,而汉语如没连接词,只从句子本身意思就可以把概念或关系表达清楚。如:
Conquer the desires, or they will conquer you. 你如不能战胜欲念,欲念将要战胜你。
An Englishm an who could not speak Chinese was once travelling in China.一个英国人,不会说中国话,有一次在中国旅行。
三、就是因为英语中各种连接词与替代词广泛使用,使得英语中出现“多枝共干”式长句,复合句;汉语则常用短句,简单句。请看下面一个英语长句以及其汉意。
It was on a Sunday evening, when he was lying in the orchard listening to a blackbird and composing a love poem, that he heard thegate swing to,and saw the girl coming running among the trees, with the redcheeked, stolid Joe in swift pursuit.一个星期日傍晚,他正躺在果园里,一面在听画眉鸟啁啾,一面在写一首爱情诗,忽然听得大门砰地关上,接着看见那姑娘从树丛里奔出来,后面飞跟着那呆头呆脑红脸乔。
这是个英语强调句,其重心是:he heard the gate swing to and saw the girl com ing running am ong the trees, 而when he was ly- ing in the orchard listening to a blackbird and com posing a love poem.是一个时间状语从句,这两个句子通过itwas...that...这个强调句型巧妙地合为一个复合长句,整个句子简单明了,结构紧凑,若用汉语表达则须分成好几个短句。再如:
The president said at a conference dominated by questions on yesterday's election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.在一次记者招待会上,问题集中于昨天选举结果,总统就此发了言。他说他不能理解为什么共和党遭到了这样大失败。这种情况最终会使共和党失去在众议院长期享有优势。
这个英语长句是由一个带有分词短语主句,两个宾语从句和一个非限制性定语从句组成,整个句子主干简单明了:The pres-identsaid...that...,若用汉语来表达,须把此长句拆开分成三个单句来分别叙述。
四、英语另一个显着特点是被动句多。英语重物称,常常选择不能施行动作或无生命词语作主语,由于这些“无灵”物称充当主语,使得被动句大兴其道。在英语被动句里,不必强调动作施行者,就将其置于句尾由by连接;不必、不愿或不便言明动作施行者,就干脆将其省略。相对而言,汉语习惯于人称化表达,主语常常是能施行动作或有生命物体,所以汉语中主动句多。请看例句:
It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the
liver.长期以来,大家知道心脏与肝脏关系是最主要。
The fam ous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.大火几乎使这家有名旅馆全部毁灭。
They were given a hearty welcome.他们受到热烈欢迎。
五、英语又一显着特点是其丰富时态。不同语言具有不同时态,有语言甚至很少或没有时态,汉语基本上就是借助词汇来表示各种时间和动作,汉语动词除了只有“着”、“了”、“过”若干说法与英语进行时、完成时或过去时相对外,别无其他与英语相对应时体形式;而英语不仅有时态,而且种类繁多(共有16种时态),区分细微,习惯性强。英语就是通过这些固定语法手段将动作进行过程与状况描绘得更准确更精细,有时甚至能表达说话人感情色彩。如:
You're always asking me such questions!你老是问我这样问题!(用现在进行时表示厌烦)
I am now living in a very pleasant flat.我现在住在一间非常舒适公寓里。(用现在进行时表示满意)
所以,传递同样意思,英语只要选用合适时态就可以了,汉语则必须使用词汇手段。又如:
It has been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a m ellow sweetness to everything theydo.人们已经注意到大凡受到死亡威胁人或是死里逃生人对于他们所干任何事总是兴趣盎然。
六、从词汇方面讲,英汉两种语言也有很大差异。就词组而言,英语中词组或短语可谓林林总总,丰富多彩,有名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语与独立结构等,它们语法功能不一而足,可作主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语与表语等。如:
Marriage may be compared to a cage: the birds outside despair to get in and those within despair to get out.婚姻好比鸟笼,外面鸟儿想进进不去,里面鸟儿想出出不来。(不定式短语to get in,to get out作状语)
I am utterly in the dark about the matter.我对这件事完全不知道。(介词词组in the dark作表语)
Christmas is coming up.圣诞节就要到了。(动词短语come up作谓语)
相比之下,汉语更偏重以单音节或多音节单词为其基本句法成分,而且其短语用法十分有限。
语言形成与发展深受本国、本土、历史、地理、风土人情等各方面影响,英语、汉语也不例外。英语中某些词含义并不完全与汉语对等,比如lover这个词,大多数中国人认为是“爱人”(丈夫或妻子),其实在西方lover指是情夫或情妇;再比如First Lady,在英美等国指是总统夫人或州长夫人,而在中国常会被误解,认为是“原配夫人”,说不定还会有“二奶”、“三姨太”之类;又如intellectual这个词,在英美等国其范围较小,只包括大学教授等有较高学术地位人,不包括普通大学生,而多数中国
人认为intellectual就是“知识分子”,而且汉语中知识分子所指范围很广,大学教师、中学教师、大学生、医生、工程师、翻译人员以及一切受过大学教育人都可以称为知识分子。
此外英语中许多词常常一词多义,它们所表达各个含义,分别与汉语中几个不同词或词组相对应,所以,在用英文写作时,一定要慎重地选词用词,以期贴切地表达思想。
综上所述,只有充分了解英汉表达各种差异,才会胸有成竹,下笔有神,行文流畅。
10种最需要注意的时态考点归纳
根据试题统计,动词语法占语法考题中的50%左右,其内容主要包括动词的时态、语态、要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。现将各考点分别归纳如下。
1. 一般现在时
主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
考点一:表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时。如:
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时,常用的引导词有:
时间:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment / minute / day / year
条件:if, unless, provided If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.
考点三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +宾语从句中,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
只要他努力工作,我不介意他什么时候做完试验。
考点四:在the more… the more … (越…越…) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
2. 现在进行时
表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动;与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用,表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。
We are having English class. The house is being built these days.
The little boy is always making trouble.
考点一:在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。
Look out when you are crossing the street.
Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.
考点二: 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语)。
Marry is leaving on Friday.
3. 现在完成时
表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状
语。
考点一:for + 时间段;since + 时间点
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years.
考点二:常见的不确定的时间状语:lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days
Has it stopped raining yet?
考点三:在表示“最近几世纪/年/月以来……”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days, over the past few years, during the last three months, for the last few centuries, through centuries, throughout history 等
In the past 30 years China has made great advances in socialist construction.
考点四:表示“第几次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词+that” 后面用现在完成时。
This is my first time that I have visited China. That is the only book that he has written.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
4.一般过去时
表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常与明确的过去时间状语连用,如:yesterday,
last week, in 1945, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when。
考点一:used to + do 表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式符号,后接动词原形。
比较:be / become / get used to + doing 表示习惯于
He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early.
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时。
He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise
5. 过去进行时
表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.
What were you doing at nine last night?
The radio was being repaired when you called me.
6. 过去完成时
表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用。
There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
考点一:用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意倒装)
考点二:表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时。
That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
考点三:动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
I had hoped that I could do the job. I had intended to see you but I was too busy.
7. 一般将来时
表示在将来某个时间发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用,其表现形式多达5种。
考点一:一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中。
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
(主句用一般将来时,从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。)
考点二:某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等,用现在进行时形式表示将来。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考点三:“祈使句 + and / or + 句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。
Use your head and you will find a way.
考点四:“be going to + 动词原形”,表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。
“be about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。
“be to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。
They are to be married in May.
8. 将来进行时
表示将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。
The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.
9. 将来完成时
表示在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。
考点一:常用的时间状语一般用by + 将来时间 ,如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的从句。
By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.
By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.
By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。
The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.
10. 动词的语态
一般用于强调受者,做题时谓语动词后通常不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考,而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考,需要注意以下考点。
考点一:不能用于被动语态的动词和词组
come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed
It took place before liberation.
考点二:下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用:lock, wash, sell, read, wear, blame, ride , write
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。
The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
考点三:一些常用经典被动句型
It is said…, It is reported…, It is widely believed…,It is expected…, It is estimated…,
这些句子一般翻译为“据说…”,“人们认为…”,而“以前人们认为…”则应该说:It was believ
ed…, It was thought…。