视听说
新编大学英语2视听说答案
新编大学英语2视听说答案【篇一：新编大学英语课后答案第二册(浙江大学版)】t twopost-readingreading comprehension1.1—4-c5—7-a8—11-b12—13-d2. 1）people would stare at them2）he felt embarrassed and ashamed.3）he never let on.4）he would walk to the subway station under the help of his son.5）his children would put him on the sleigh and pull him to the subway station.6）his hobbies included baseball, dances and parties.7）he asked others to sit down and fight with him.8）he was pround of his son.9）he felt sorry for what he used to do.10）he learned from his father the importance of having a good heart.3.1）cacbd 6）abcda4. 1）the difficulty in coordinating the steps2）whether a person has a good heart3）a good heart4）the basketball team5）sat down to fight6）what the son has achieved7）sensed8）the reluctance to walk with himvocabulary1. 1）urged 2）halted 3）bother 4）embarrassed 5）adjusted 6）complain 7）kid8）engage 9）subject 10）saw to it that 11）coordinate 12）participate2.patience entrancebitternesscomplaintfortune enviousknowledgeable memorablereluctant frustration1）bitter 2）fortunate 3）patience 4）memorable 5）reluctant 6）entrance 7）complaints8）envious 9）knowledgeable 10）frustrationtranslation1）he walk slowly because of the problem on his leg.2）he attended the meeting despite his server illness.3）he saw to it that the same kind of mistake wouldnt happen again.4）now that they knew more about each other，they got along with each other better.5）then i found myself surrounded by five to six boys.6）id like to give my best withes to you on this happy occasion. part threefurther development3.1）causes 2）offers 3）to 4）not 5）tell 6）calls 7）attracted 8）discovers 9）weak10）disappointed 11）distance 12）outunit 2part onepreparation1.cadbpart twopost-readingreading comprehension1.1）different 2）problems 3）communication 4）translator 5）trust 6）acceptance7）exaggerate 8）superlatives 9）metaphors 10）generalizations 11）unsupportive12）literally 13）rethink 14）translate2. 1）ftftt 6）fttttvocabulary1. 1）mess 2）repeat 3）mislead 4）intends 5）tend 6）exaggerates 7）frustrating8）misinterpreted 9）acceptance 10）trust2.step one1）f c a k i 6）e h j g b 11）dstep two1）conveyed 2）assistance 3）encounter 4）conflict 5）emphasis 6）reacted 7）recognize8）manner 9）assume 10）emerges 11）ignore3.1）out 2）on 3）with 4）of 5）in 6）in 7）to 8）on 9）at 10）oftranslation1）i went to the dentist yesterday to have my bad tooth pulled out.2）the development of a matter in nature depended on the internal cause.3）every road leads to rome.4）i intended to bring you the book today，but i forgot.5）i am on the verge of accepting his suggestion.6）divorce shouldnt be taken lightly.unit 3part twopost-readingreading comprehension1.1）each person has the potential to win in his own way.2）responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive. fails to respond genuinely.4）b.a winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge.c.a winner is flexible.e.a winner cares about the world and its people.5）poor nutrition，cruelty，unhappy relationships，disease，continuing disappointment，and inadequate physical care.a.a loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior.b.a loser has difficulty giving and receiving love.2. cdabcvocabulary1. 1）a.感谢 b.赏识 2）a.容积 b.能力 3）a.频道 b.引导到??4）a.出力，作出贡献 b.起作用，有助于，促成5）a.（身体）灵活的 b.（处事）灵活的 6）a.罪行 b.内疚，自责7）a.潜在的，可能的 b.潜能 8）a.坚硬的 b.严格的2.achievement expectationdependence limitation/limitcrueltyuniquenessgenuineness responseawarenessdisappointmentcapability behavior1）expectations 2）limitations 3）capability 4）achievement 5）response 6）awareness7）behavior 8）disappointment 9）cruelty 10）dependence 3.1）entered into 2）channeled...into 3）holds/held back 4）unaware of 5）separate...from6）referred to...as 7）lived up to 8）calls for 9）contributes to 10）sees/saw...as translation1）lack of confidence contributed to his failure.2）in the face of the serious illness，she showed great courage.3）we came to an conclusion that she told the truth.4）his secretary failed to tell him of the meeting.5）language learning is not a matter of memorizing words.6）once she decided on something，no one can hold her back.7）its different to live up to our captains standard.8）the scientist referred to this discovery as the most exciting new development in this area.unit 4part twopost-readingreading comprehension1.1）placebo2）i）the placebo works because the human mind fools itself ii）the placebo makes the wish to get better become realityiii）the doctor70 percent of the peopleonly 25 percent of the people3）seasickness，coughs，colds，pain after an operationnothing at allthe first group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been.placebothe second group had much better health and a lower death rate.a real drug which was intended to help with the problem of old age.the third group showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo.4）if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. 5）it is suggested that human mind is stronger than we thinkit is.2. 1）yes 2）no 3）maybe 4）yes 5）yes 6）no 7）yes 8）maybe vocabulary1. 1）a药，药物 b.医学 2）a.射击 b.皮下注射 3）a.宇宙飞船座舱 b.胶囊4）a.恢复健康，治疗 b.使（某人）精神恢复健康 5）a.对待 b.处理，治疗6）a.外科手术 b.操作 7）a.病例 b.事例 8）a.间接地表明 b.建议2. 1）a e f d g 6）h c btranslation1）all i say is that we are very sorry.2）in many case，rules alone cant work.3）he is likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence.4）she stares at me as if she didnt know me.5）it is reported that three people were injured in yesterdays traffic accident.6）the way he treated me made me angry.7）the condition of the patient this morning is much the same as yesterday.8）tonight id like to say at home rather than go out.unit 5part twopost-readingreading comprehension1.ii）i）when we are in rem sleep.ii） iii）i）physiological.ii）inner fears.iv）i）drinking wine to indicate a short life，drinking water to indicate a long lifeii）right hand（father），left hand （mother），dolphin（a good omen）iii）treat with care2. 1）ttttf 6）tttffvocabulary1. 1）explanation 2）enthusiasts 3）frustrating 4）popularity 5）unconscious 6）electrical7）movements 8）recognizable 9）interpretation 10）countless2. task a1）asleep 2）sleepless 3）sleep 4）sleepy 5）asleep 6）slept 7）sleeping，sleep8）sleepertask b1）submerged 2）subculture 3）submarine 4）subway 5）subzero 6）subtropical7）subspecies 8）subnormal3.1）progressed 2）puzzled 3）process 4）reflected 5）predict 6）advances 7）symbol8）ancient 9）error 10）conscious 11）analysis 12）inner translation1）you may see that what i said will come true.2）this lecture was so boring that half of the students fell asleep.3）the problem of unemployment is closely tied up with the development of the new technology.4）his appearance changed so greatly that you might well not recognize him.5）the history of the castle can date back to the 14th century. 6）she never did anything for them，whereas they did all that can be done.part threefurther development1.1）a.natural b.neutral c.natural d.neutral2）a.shattered b.crashing c.cracked d. crash e.crack3）a.ancient b.early c.previous4）a.sign b.symbol c.signal d.signs/symbols5）a.view b.vision c.visions d.outlook e.view6）a.errors/mistakes b.fault c.error d.fault e.mistake7）a.confused b.confusing8）a.conscious b.unconscious c.subconsciousd.consciousnessunit 6part onepreparation1.vegetable：cabbage、carrot、pepper、lettuce、pea、onion、spinach、turnip、broccoli、mushroom、garlic、cucumber、tomato、potato、etc.fruit：apple、orange、pear、banana、mango、watermelon、lemon、grape、strawberry、cherry、peach、apricot、lychee、etc.meat：pork、beef、lamb、mutton、bacon、chicken、duck、turkey、fish、shrimp、lobster、crab、clam、etc.cereal：rice、wheat、corn、barley、noodles、dumpling、pizza、etc.other：egg、cake、cookie、biscuit、nut、etc.drink：tea、beer、coffee、wine、whiskey、brandy、milk、juice、lemonade、mineral、water、etc.【篇二：新编大学英语视听说教程第二册听力答案】ss=txt>by wuchenxiunit 1 exercise 2 episode 11、b2、a3、a4、b5、c exercise 26、c7、b8、cexercise 3 episode 11、 football basketball baseball2、 steady boyfriend3、guess realized4、 broke up5、 in a group6、 save up7、here comes part 2listening 1(以后的顺序均和此顺序相同，从左到右，从上到下) listening 2part 3practice 1practice 2 ex.1.cex.2.t f t t f t f practice 3practice 4 ex.1.dex.2. part 4section 1 1 2 3 5 7 8 9 11 section 2 c b a b a c c b section 3unit 2 part 2listening 1 ex.1.f t f f t ex.2.listening 2 ex.1.ex.2.be: 1 4 6 8 9 11 13 16 ae:2 3 5 7 10 12 14 15 listening 3 ex.1.f t t f t ex.2.part 3 practice 1ex.1.f t f f t ex.2.practice 2ex.1.mandarinzhangsmithoxford english dictionary ex.2.b a b b c d a c a d practice 3ex.1. t f t t t t ex.2practice 4 ex.1 t f f f f t ex.2.part 4 section 1section 2f f t f f f f t section 3unit 3 part 2 listening 1ex.1. 22 died 4 9 12 12 last 3 listening 2listening 3part 3practice 1ex.1 c b a b d practice 2 ex.1.【篇三：新编大学英语视听说教程第二册听力答案 1-4单元】t>(以后的顺序均和此顺序相同，从左到右，从上到下)practice 2 ex.1.cex.2.t f t t f t fpractice 4 ex.1.d part 4section 1 1 2 3 5 7 8 9 11 section 2 c b a b a c c bunit 2 part 2listening 1 ex.1.f t f f tlistening 2ex.2.be: 1 4 6 8 9 11 13 16 ae:2 3 5 7 10 12 14 15 listening 3 ex.1.f t t f tpractice 1ex.1.f t f f t practice 2ex.1.mandarinzhangsmithoxford english dictionary ex.2.b a b b c d a c a d practice 3ex.1. t f t t t tpractice 4ex.1 t f f f f tunit 3 part 2listening 1ex.1. 22 died 4 9 12 12 last 3 part 3practice 1ex.1 c b a b d practice 2 practice 3ex.1. 3 5 6 7ex.2. a b d c d practice 4ex.1. 1782 1795 1802 ex.2. 1 3 5 6 8 9 10 part 4section 1 d c b a c b section 2 t f t t f t f funit 4 part 2 listening 1ex.1. f t t f f f listening 2 ex.1.5practice 1ex.1.t t f f tex.1. b fpractice 3ex.1. color brain message red exciting signal meaningpractice 4part 4 section 2 part 2f t f t f section 3part 1 t t f f f。
视听说unit 1 听力原文
Active Listening & Speaking IScript:Hi, my name is Rebecca Darnell, workforce service specialist with Contra Costa County, and today we’re going to discuss how to choose a career based on your personality. The first step is to really understand yourself and your own personality. Sometimes that’s easier said than done. There are a lot of different tools that you can utilize in order to really get a clear view or picture of your personality and your personality traits. A lot of times, our own self-assessments are not always as accurate as we think they are, so it’s important to get a clear picture of what types of things best describe you and your personality traits.They may be as simple as being an extrovert, which means that you are very social and enjoy being around people, versus an introvert, which would mean that you prefer to be more to yourself and in solitary situations. These types of personality traits are extremely important in determining what kind of career would be best for you because to be successful, you need to really be comfortable with yourself in the type of work that you’re doing.So just for an example, if you were to take a personality test and it determined that you are an extrovert, then it would be a good idea for you to look at jobs or different employment opportunities in social settings, potentially retail, or if you are to be a clerk or in a different job environment that allows you to interact with people and work in a team environment, and actually have a partnership with people where your work combined with theirs to make an end product. If that’s not something that you feel comfortable with, then you would want to explore other types of work. Possibly if you’re more of an introvert, you would maybe look at something along the lines of truck driving where you spend most of your time alone and you rely solely on your own skills and your own time frames and you really set your own schedule.So it’s important to take a look at how you fit into the job that you’re interested in because the happier you are and the better it fits with you, the more success you will have in your job search and in finding a job that’s going to make you happy.Notes1. end product: 最终产品，制成品2. time frame: 时间范围，期限3. fit into: 适应4. Contra Costa County: 康特拉科斯塔县，位于旧金山湾区的东部Active Listening & Speaking IIScript:Personality Affects Life after PresidencyWhen former president George W. Bush left the White House in 2009, he largely left the spotlight.However last year he worked alongside volunteers in Zambia to renovate a clinic that specializes in treating cervical cancer. Like other former presidents, Mr. Bush uses his fame to draw attention to issues, but says he prefers not to call attention to his own work.“I hope you don’t see much of it, because I don’t want to be in the news. In other words, I believe that quiet service is the best kind of service.”But former presidents have the ability to harness the public’s attention and goodwill. President Obama tapped Bush and former president Bill Clinton to lead a fundraising effort in 2010 after the earthquake in Haiti.“On behalf of the American people, I want to thank both of you for returning to service and leading this urgent mission.”Mr. Clinton has remained in the public eye since his presidency, pressing North Korea to release American prisoners, campaigning for his wife, Hillary Clinton, who ran for president in 2008, and founding the Clinton Global Initiative, or CGI. “CGI was designed to tackle big global challenges in bite-sized pieces.”But the elder Mr. Bush has little interest in pursuing that kind of high-profile work, preferring personal causes, says the director of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library, Mark Updegrove. “It’s a relatively passive post-presidency. Of course, the most significant chapter in his post-presidency was when he became the father of the president of the United States.”“I think in many ways that the post-presidential activities of our former presidents are more reflective of their character than their years in office, which tend to be more insular in nature,” says Updegrove, the author of various books on the presidency.Former president Jimmy Carter’s work often focuses on health, human rights, and democracy promotion, including election monitoring. He says his life’s interests did not change when he left office back in 1981.“I would say, and I think my wife would agree, that the time we spent since the White House has been the most exciting and productive and adventurous and unpredictable and gratifying time.”Notes1. campaign for: 为……助选2. bite-sized: 很小的3. high-profile: 高调的4. in office: 执政，在位5. The Clinton Global Initiative(CGI), established in 2005 by President Bill Clinton, convenes global leaders to create and implement innovative solutions to the world’s most pressing challenges. CGI Annual Meetings have brought together more than 180 heads of state, 20 Nobel Prize laureates, and hundreds of leading CEOs, heads of foundations and NGOs, major philanthropists, and members of the media. To date, members of the CGI community have made more than 3,100 Commitments to Action, which have improved the lives of over 430 million people in more than 180 countries.6. The Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum: Also known as the LBJ Presidential Library, one of 13 Presidential Libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration. The Library houses 45 million pages of historical documents, including the papers of Lyndon Baines Johnson and those of his close associates and others. The Library was dedicated on May 22, 1971, with Johnson and then-President Richard Nixon in attendance. The current director is Presidential historian Mark K. Updegrove.Supplementary Listening & SpeakingScript:Personality & StressYou have been circling the parking lot for what seems like an hour trying to find a parking spot. You left home extra early so that you wouldn’t be late for your class again. Aha! You finally see someone pulling out of a parking spot. You put your blinker on and wait patiently, silently praising the parking gods for your good luck. Just as the person backs out of the parking spot, from out of nowhere, another car squishes around the corner coming from the opposite direction and quickly pulls into the spot that was clearly yours.Your mouth drops open.You can’t believe what just happened. How do you react? Does your personality play a role in terms of how you respond to the stressor? To a large extent, our personality predicts how we perceive and deal with stressors and those accompanying stressful emotions.And that brings me to the question —is it possible to change our personality? In order to answer that question, let’s examine just exactly what I’m talking about when I refer to personality.It is thought that personality is made up of four components: values, which are abstract qualities that give meaning to our lives; attitudes, perceptions derived from values; beliefs, thoughts, ideas and perceptions based on our attitudes and values; and behaviors, or actions based on our values, attitudes and beliefs.So going back to the question of “is it possible to change our personality?”, let me first ask is it possible to change any of these components? Is it possible to change our values, attitudes, beliefs or behaviors? Actually it is possible to change all four of these components. But there is one component that’s the most easily influenced. This is not to imply that it is easy to change but it is the least difficult component to change compared to the other three. And that is behaviors! We definitely can change our behaviors. In fact, behaviors are considered to be the least difficult to change compared to the other three components. It is a bit more difficult to change deeply-rooted values, attitudes and beliefs. Of the four compon ents the one that’s the most difficult to change is your values, many of which are instilled at a very young age.So going back to the question of whether or not we can change our personality, if we can change our behavior which is a component of personality, then technically, yes, we can change our personality to an extent. In a sense, learning to change your personality or one component of your personality is absolutely critical to effectively managing stress.Notes1. pull out of: 驶出2. pull into: 驶入3. put your blinker on: 打开你的闪光警戒灯4. back out of the parking spot: 把车倒开出车位。
视听说iii原文和答案
视听说I I I原文和答案U n i t2(总8页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--VLS Ｂ３Uint2II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptM: Now we have satellite and high-powered microscope, it’s easy to think we know everything about the world; but we still don’t understand EI Nino.W: Right. Scientists all over the world over are even uncertain about the cause of the warm Pacific current that brings storms or drought—the mysterious EI Nino.Q: Which of the following is true according to the conversation2. ScriptM: Everyone is talking about environmental problem: acid rain, the greenhouse effect, holes in the ozone layer. We should think positively. What can we do to improve thingsW: I agree. We could do a lot more to harness the sun’s energy for heating and lighting in our homes. In Japan 43,000 solar roofs were installed in 2002.Q: How do the man and the woman view the environment3. ScriptW: We lived in Beijing some years ago. It was always difficult to keep the house clean with wind from the north blowing sand from the desert at us.M: That’s why the Chinese government has been encouraging people to plant trees along the edges of the Gobi Desert. Now those trees act as wind barriers.Q: What did the government encourage people to do4. ScriptM: Many old refrigerators and cars are environmental hazards because they contain CFCs that destroy the ozone layer.W: Yes, but government or organizations are helping people to safely dispose of old refrigerators or, in the case of cars, to upgrade their air conditioning.Q: What are government departments helping people to do5. ScriptM: Hey, that’s an aerosol spray you’re using on your hair! Build a bomb or set fire to the apartment to kill us quickly instead of making holes in the ozone, so we die of cancer.W: Cool it, man. This spray doesn’t contain CFC s. And you’d better read a little more. In 2003 the hole in the ozone layer shrank by 20 percent, so there’s no reason to panic.Q: What does the man meanKeys: 3. AIII. Listening InTask 1: We should have proper respect for nature!ScriptMartha: Do you think most people in your culture respect natureEd: I think so. Umm…more now than before.Martha: What do you think is the most serious environment problem in the world today Ed: Today…I think damage to the ozone layer is a big problem; and another problem is pollution in big cities and things like that.Martha: How do you learn about environmental problemsEd: Umm…through school. A lot of clubs promote environmental safely, and some TV programs, too. They talk about environmental safely and stuff like that. Martha: Do you think students should learn more about the environment at schoolEd: I think so. So, as they grow older, they can be more aware of all the problems that are going on. And also to prevent more problems from occurring. Martha: If you could create a new law to help the environment, what would it beEd: A new law for the environment Umm…I’d probably say that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them into the garbage bin,not just throw them everywhere because it’s just littering and I hate that.So they should be fined if they throw them on the floor on the ground. Martha: That’s a good idea. What do you personally do to help protect the environmentEd: I’ m so against littering. I never litter. If I see somebody litter, I get really angry. So I always throw my trash into the garbage bin.While being interviewed by Martha, Ed said more people in his culture respect nature ever before. When asked about the most serious environmental problem in the world today, he mentioned the damaged ozone layer and the pollution in big cities.Ed learned about environmental problem at school. A lot of clubs and some TV programs promote environmental safely. He believes that students should learn more about the environment at school. Then they can be more aware of all the problems and prevent more problems from occurring.When asked about a new law he would like to create to help the environment, hesaid that when people throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw them inthe garbage bin. They should be fined if they throw them on the floor.Personally, Ed is so set against littering that he never litters. He always throwshis trash into the garbage bin.Task 2 River pollutionIf you see dead fish floating on the river or notice that the water is discolored and smelly, you know the river has been polluted, and there are four main possible causes for it.First, fertilizer. If large amounts of fertilizer or farm waste drain into ariver, the concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in the water increase considerably. Algae use these substances to grow rapidly, turning the water green. This massive growth of algae leads to pollution. When the algae die, they are broken down by the action of the bacteria, which quickly multiply, using up all the oxygen in the water and therefore causing the death of fish.Second, industrial waste. Factories sometimes discharge chemical waste into rivers. Examples of such pollutants include cyanide, lead, copper, and mercury. These substances may enter the water in such high concentrations that fish and otheranimals are killed immediately. Sometimes the pollutants enter the food chain and accumulate until they reach toxic levels, eventually killing fish and other animals.Third, oil pollution. If oil enters a slow-moving river, it forms a rainbow-colored film over the entiresurface, preventing oxygen from entering the water.Fourth, warm water. Industry often uses water for cooling processes, sometimes discharging large quantities of warm water back into rivers. A higher temperature of the water lowers the level of dissolved oxygen and upsets the balance of life in the water.Questions and key1. What is the passage mainly aboutD) The causes of river pollution.2. Why does the river water turn greenA) Because nitrate and phosphate in the water increase.3. What harm does industrial waste causeB) Poisoning.4. Which of the following is true of oil pollutionC) It prevents oxygen from entering the water.5. What harm can warm water in a river bringD) Lack of oxygen.Task3: Curbing Carbon emissionsScriptAlthough it is not an easy task, China is striving to fulfill the promise to cutits carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40 to 45 percent in the next 10 years.Zhang Guobao, Director of the National Energy Administration, said, "The government puts great emphasis on seeking harmonious development between cities and the environment, and is readjusting the energy structure by giving priority to the development of clean and low-carbon energies, including hydroelectric, nuclear, wind, and solar power."Government authorities have closed small, coal-fired plants with a total capacity of million kilowatts in the past four years. This year's target of closing 10million kilowatts of capacity will be achieved by August. "We have promised to the international community that 15 percent of our power will be generated from non-fossil sources by 2020," Director Zhang said. At present, non-fossil energy accounts for only percent.China is making efforts to increase the proportion of clean energy in its total energy consumption. Statistics show that China invested US$ billion in clean energy last year, exceeding the United States which invested US$ billion. Thus, China has become the world leader in generating clean energy. Five years earlier, China's investment in clean energy was only US$ billion.However, China's carbon emission reduction target cannot be achieved easily. The shift to a low-carbon economy might be met at a cost to society. For instance, more than 400,000 people were laid off as a result of the shutdown of small coal-fired power plants in the past four years. Many studies indicate that the effort to curb greenhouse gas emissions may delay China's development, affect people's income, and lead to unemployment.Questions and keyl. What is the passage mainly aboutD) Cutting carbon dioxide emissions: China's achievements and problems.2. From four years ago until August this year, how many kilowatts of coal-fired plant capacity willhave been closedD) More than 70 million.3. By 2020, what will be the proportion of non-fossil energy in the total powerin ChinaA) 15%.4. Which of the following is true of the investment by China and the United States in clean energy last yearB) China's investment was almost twice as large as the United States'.5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a problem arising from curbing greenhouse gas emissionsC) Causing more strikes.IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Our globe is in dangerJohn: How is your Grandma getting along during this usually hot weatherNora: Over the last few years, Granny has been complaining that the hot, humid weather is killing her. She believes the weather has changed.John: What she means is the climate’s long-term conditions; weather refers only to day-to-day conditions.Nora: Yeah, she says summer is hotter, and winter wetter. But I tried to comfort her, saying, “It’s all in your mind, Granny.”John: She’s right, you know. The greenhouse effect does bring global warming and rain.Nora: How can I explain global warming and greenhouse gases to a 97-year-old Granny John: Tell her the earth now is like a real greenhouse made of glass panels that let in light and trap heat.Nora: Think she’ll want to know that carbon monoxide from earth makes greenhouse gasesJohn: Everybody should know what cause global warming; otherwise we won’t stop it.Nora: I’ll tell Granny not to burn any more wood or coal, or to use spray on the hair.John: OK, joke about it, but it won’t be so funny when the polar icecaps melt and oceans rise.MODEL2 Rainforests will soon be only a memory.ScriptSusan: Hey, Chris, there is an environmental group on campus asking for donations to save the rainforests.Chris: So whatSusan: So what! Don’t you want to save the rainforestsChris: But there’re no rainforests in our country. They need hot, tropical climates. Susan: Come on. A rain forest is any forest where heavy rainfall leads to dense vegetation. Tropical rainforests can be found in hoe, tropical areas, but there are also cool rainforests, including one in southeast Alaska.Chris: How did you know thatSusan: Well, I’ve just read a book on rainforests. You know, 140nillion people live in the world’s rainforests, and 35 percent of the world’s plant and animalspecies exist only in rainforests.Chris: Wow, I’m impressed. So what else have you learnedSusan: Most of the world’s rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers, farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rate of 1000 acres a minute! Chris: It’s terrible!Susan: Yeah, we’ve got to find a way to save them. Now would you like to give a donationChris: Sure.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Most of the world’s rainforests are in danger of destruction by loggers, farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rate of 100 acres a minute!B: What a tragedy! , Many of the world’s plant and animal species exist only in rainforests.A: We really need to save the beautiful forests.B: Yeah, we’ve got to find a way to save them.A: Do you know our mayor is making a call to plant treesB: Yeah, we do have to plant more trees. I hear China doesn’t have a lot of forests compared with many countries.A: That’s true. I’ve just read an article about afforestation. China’s forest coverage rate was last yea, ranking only 130th in the world.B: No wonder we have to plat more trees.A: Don’t lose heart. Progress has been remarkable. In 2000 the rate was just percent.B: Any other good newsA: China has stepped up its tree-planting efforts. Now it’s the world’s planter of trees.B: Wow, I’m impressed.MODEL3 What a terrible sandstorm!ScriptSusan: Hey, John. You’re back. A few days ago, a big sandstorm hit our cityJohn: Oh, that’s bad.Susan: The air was full of dirt and sand and dust. I had to wear a scarf around my head.John: The dust, as I know, comes from Mongolia. And from my reading in science, I’ve heard the dust often comes after a long period of drought.Susan: This is a serious problem in many parts of the world, and unfortunately our city is one of them.John: And if the drought continues, the soil is easily airborne. And then if the wind comes, the soil can be lifted up on the cold are that rises up, and it cantravel very long distances.Susan: Normally, when there’s a wind, it can clear the air, and you have beautiful weather. But when the dust is brought in with the wind, then you can’tbreathe, you can’t see well, and it’s dangerous for driving, or for walking.John: Yeah. You know, when the dust is lifted up it can go as high 3,000 meters. And it’s not just China that has problems, but many other countries. For example,the middle of Australia sometimes has dust storms, and some of the dust goes upvery high, goes across the ocean, and falls down on New Zealand.Susan: Not a very nice neighbor.John: Is there a solution to the problemSusan: We need to plant more trees and grass so that the soil can stay where it is.John: No wonder the government is launching a new afforestation program in a bid t address the environmental problem.V. Let’s TalkMan 1: Well, it's inspirational language which is nice and lovely and fluffy, but doesn't really actually commit anyone to doing anything, and so it'sreally hard to take to the bank. I mean, people's lives are on the linein the developing world where we are seeing the impacts felt first and foremost, And obviously the atmosphere simply can't take the kind of emissions we've beenseeing in the business-as-usual scenario and there's no realcommitment to change that. There's no real commitment to put seriousmoney on the table and that's a big problem.[On-screen text: Wind Farm]This is a great photo op for all the world leaders, but if it's not backed by action, it really doesn't mean much at the end of the day.Man 2: What's in there is very disappointing. It does not constitute a_ a deal. It'sa hollow shell that will need to be filled in, and it has some numbers,it talks about trying to avoid two degrees. That's the same languagethat the G8 used last July. But it lacks anything on emissions cuts as yet that would guarantee that we're actually on the, on track to get there. And the financing commitments... there is a mention of a 1OO-billion-dollar figure and the attempt to raise or mobilize that level of resources, but there's no guarantee that there will be new money, that the money will be real, that there's actually a commitment to get there, or that it will be channeled in new ways, as yet.Key(1) -b (2) - a (3) -h (4) -d(5)-g (6)-e (7)-c (8)-fVI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: The environment and the developmentScriptLi: Hi Professor Wang, I’m Li Lin, a correspondent from the University Newspaper.The staff and students here are getting more and more interested in therelationship between the environment and development. What do you think is the most serious environmental problem at present What measures should we adopt to improve the environment and develop the economy at the same timeWang: There are many environmental problems: air pollution, water pollution, desertification, over-fishing, destruction of natural habitats, acid train,over-consumption of wild animals and plants, etc. But lying at the center ofall those problems, as I see it, is the contradiction between economic growth and the environment.Since the United Nations Earth Summit in 1992, more and more people andgovernments have adopted a new idea; that is, “sustainable development”.This means today’s economic growth should not wipe out he resources andoptions for future generations. Planning and development should ensure notonly economic growth, but also social advancement and environment health. Inother words, some economic behavior must be restricted or controlled.Instilling principles of development into government planning, resourcemanagement and economic policy is the most important step China could take to solve its environmental problems.China has already taken some remarkable steps to reduce damage to theenvironment. For instance, following the huge floods of 1998, the governmentbanned logging in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in order to protectforests and reduce the risk of floods.Still, the basic contradiction between environment and development persists.Much work is to be done before we can achieve the aim of a balance betweeneconomic growth and the environment.Task 2:ScriptA United Nations study says that a thick cloud of pollution covering southern Asia threatens the lives of millions of people. Scientists say the pollution could increase lung disease and cause early deaths. The cloud is also damaging agriculture and affecting rainfall levels. It has affected many countries in southern Asia. The pollution cloud is three kilometers high. Scientists say it can move halfway around the world in a week.The cloud is the result of forest fires, the burning of agricultural waste, and huge increases in the burning of fuels by vehicles, industries and power stations. Pollution from millions of bad cooking stoves hs made the problem worse. Many poor people burn of fuels wood and animal waste in such stoves.Scientists say this combination could be changing winter rainfall levels in Asia. They say rainfall has increased over the eastern coast of Asia. But it has dropped sharply over parts of northwestern Asia. The report says the cloud could reduce rainfall over northwestern Pakistan, Afghanistan, and western China by up to forty percent.Harmful chemicals from the cloud are mixing with rainfall. This acid rain damages crops and trees and threatens public health. Scientists are concerned that the pollution will intensify during the next thirty years as the population of Asia increase to an Estimated 5,000 million people.1.What is the true of the cloud of pollution2.What is NOT the cause of the cloud of pollution3.What does the cloud of pollution bring about4.Why will the pollution intensify in the next 30 years, according to the passage5.What do you think is the best title for the passageKeys:Task 3 Mountain regions face a number of dangers.ScriptMountain people around the world are in great danger of the negative effects of the worsening environment, according to a UN report.As global warming and deforestation accelerate and technology makes wilder places more accessible, environmental and social pressures on the world’s remotest regions increases.The UN has found that many mountainous regions—inhabited by one out of five of the world’s people—are barely recognizable when they are compared to what they ere like 60 years ago. This is mostly because forests were cut to make way for cattle grazing and agriculture.The authors of the UN study expect 98 percent of its mountain areas to experience severe climate change by 2055. Biological losses are expected to be heavy. The mountains of Europe, part of California and the northwest Andes in South America are among the most threatened mountain areas in the world and should be given priority in conservation.The UN is anxious to raise awareness of the problem facing mountain areas because they are inhabited by some of the most vulnerable people. These people could lose their culture and their livelihood with even the smallest shifts in climate.At the same time, many mountain regions are losing people. Thousands of villages in Europe are deserted most of the year. In other areas like Nepal, people are drifting to the cities in search of work.Viewing and speakingScript and keyWeather experts may have found a new problem caused by global warming, one which many people will pay attention to: There are (l)signs that Santa's home in the North may be in trouble because of (2)warmer temperatures.The Finnish town of Rovaniemi on the Arctic Circle, which many Europeans say is the home of Santa Claus, has had its (3)warmest winter in 40 years. As a result, therehas been much less snow than usual-meaning no snowmen, no snowballs, and possibly not enough (4)snow for Santa to ride his sleigh on.More important for local residents, it may mean fewer tourists, as well. Santa'swintry home town normally (5)attracts thousands of visitors each year, and millionsof dollars.Anne Pelttari-Bergman, the town's tourist director, worries that the town could be in (6)trouble if snow levels do not return to (7)normal. She explains: "Snow is really important for us, of course, for Santa Claus, for Christmas tourism, and also for our winter tourism because winter is our (8)best season. It is really important for us."Weather experts and town residents are hoping this warm winter is a (9)one-time thing. Few people can imagine a holiday when even Santa does not have a (l0)white Christmas.11。
视听说课程介绍
吴 菲
2009.11.3
英 语 视 听 说
一、专业概述 二、课程概况
三、课程设计
四、课程实施
一、专业概述
1.高职教育的理念
能力 本位 校企 合作
工学 结合
持续 发展
一、专业概述
2.商务英语专业的培养目标
培养面向浙江省及长三角经济发展需要 的适应管理、服务第一线的、突出技能、 长于操作的应用型外语人才
2009.11.3
● 除能听懂英语国家人士的日常谈话、中等 难度VOA正常速度和BBC新闻节目的主要 内容、大体辨别各种英语变体（如美国英 语、英国英语）外，还能够听懂语速为120 词/分钟左右的商务材料，如面试招聘、旅 行安排、会议组织和一般商务发言等，能 掌握其要点和相关细节，并领会说话人的 态度、感情和真实意图，词汇不超过本 《教学要求》四级词汇，听力理解正确率 达到75%以上。
3.教学指导思想
视
听
说
带动课堂
重点
服务于听
4.教材的选择
世纪商务英语听说教程
（实用、系统、丰富、新颖）
自选材料
(洋话连篇，VOA等,英语等级 考试真题)
四、课程实施
1.教学实践条件 ● 校内实训设备与实训环境 目前已有实训设备： 2间英语视听说教室,其中一间为数 字语言实验室, 包括主控机一台，学生终端62台，上海卓 越数字语言教学软件1套。 ● 课程组准备和更新了上千份的英语视听资料，可供学生自 主学习
课程的任务
1.把商务知 识的传授 和英语听 说技能的 培养结合 起来。 2.以循序渐 进的方式， 促使学生 积极参与 有关商务 实践的听 说活动。
3.在提高其 口语表达 能力的同 时，了解 商务活动 的各主要 环节，拓 宽视野， 获取新知 识。
视听说大学英语教材答案
视听说大学英语教材答案Unit 1ListeningSection A1. A) Their major.2. B) They find it quite challenging.3. C) To select an elective course.4. B) Visit different campus clubs.5. A) Take the photographs.Section B6. C) More cultural activities.7. B) Students will have more options.8. A) It is essential to master a foreign language.9. A) Discover various aspects of the world.10. C) A group discussion.ReadingSection A11. D) It is the largest city in Iraq.12. C) The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia.13. B) It was an important center for learning.14. A) The modern attractions of Baghdad.15. D) It is a war-torn city.Section B16. B) As productive members of society.17. D) They have a strong sense of community.18. A) The importance of cultural heritage.19. C) Enjoy the benefits of multiculturalism.20. B) An inclusive society that values diversity.Speaking21. on campus22. attending lectures23. studying with classmates24. researching in the library25. participating in extracurricular activitiesWritingPart 126. When I first got admitted to this university, I was impressed by its diverse range of club activities. The campus offers a wide variety of clubs and organizations where students can explore their interests and make newfriends. These clubs cover a broad spectrum of interests, from sports and music to academic and cultural pursuits.Part 227. My friend Sarah and I joined the photography club together and it has been an incredible experience. We have access to professional-level equipment and learn different techniques to improve our photography skills. The club also organizes regular outings to interesting locations, allowing us to capture diverse subjects and enhance our creative abilities.28. In addition to the photography club, I also joined the international student association. This association aims to promote cultural exchange and understanding among students from different countries. We organize events such as food festivals, traditional performances, and language exchange programs. Through these activities, I have made friends from various cultural backgrounds and gained a deeper appreciation for different customs and traditions.29. Apart from club activities, I have also taken part in volunteer work. There are several community service organizations on campus that provide opportunities for students to contribute to society. I have volunteered at a local orphanage, helping with tutoring and organizing recreational activities for the children. It has been incredibly rewarding to see the positive impact we can make in the lives of others.30. Overall, being involved in club activities and volunteer work has enriched my university experience. Not only have I learned new skills and developed friendships, but I have also grown as a person. I am grateful forthe opportunities this university provides to engage in extracurricular activities and make a difference in the community.Unit 2ListeningSection A1. C) It is a form of terrorism.2. A) He was coached by his father.3. B) It was a peaceful protest.4. A) To investigate corruption.5. C) By staging a sit-in protest.Section B6. C) It denies marginalized communities their rights.7. A) Supporting a local charity.8. D) A sustainable and fair society.9. B) Address the humanitarian crisis.10. A) By organizing fundraising events.ReadingSection A11. D) To address public concerns about water quality.12. C) Increasing population and urbanization.13. B) Ensure the long-term sustainability of water resources.14. A) Integrated water management.15. D) Political and institutional barriers.Section B16. B) To combat climate change.17. D) It reduces air and water pollution.18. C) The use of renewable energy sources.19. A) Energy-efficient buildings.20. B) Encouraging sustainable transportation.Speaking21. environmental pollution22. renewable energy sources23. plastic waste reduction24. wildlife conservation25. sustainable agricultureWritingPart 126. The issue of climate change is becoming increasingly urgent, and it is crucial for individuals and governments to take immediate action to mitigate its effects. One of the key solutions to combat climate change is the adoption of renewable energy sources. This transition from fossil fuels to clean and sustainable energy is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and curb global warming.Part 227. In order to promote the use of renewable energy sources, educational institutions can play a vital role. Universities can incorporate courses and research programs focused on renewable energy technologies. These programs can equip students with the knowledge and skills to develop innovative solutions for a sustainable future. Additionally, universities can invest in renewable energy infrastructure on campus, such as solar panels and wind turbines, to showcase the feasibility and benefits of clean energy.28. Beyond educational institutions, governments should provide incentives for businesses and households to switch to renewable energy sources. This can include tax benefits, subsidies, and grants to encourage investment in renewable technologies. Governments should also implement policies that promote the integration of renewable energy into the national energy grid, ensuring a smooth transition to a sustainable energy system.29. Furthermore, raising awareness among the general public about the benefits of renewable energy is essential. Governments and organizations can launch public campaigns to educate the public about the environmental and economic advantages of clean energy. This can include organizingworkshops, seminars, and public events to highlight successful renewable energy projects and inspire individuals to take action.30. In conclusion, the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources is crucial to combat climate change. Through a combination of educational initiatives, supportive government policies, and public awareness campaigns, we can accelerate the transition to a sustainable and environmentally friendly future. It is our collective responsibility to embrace renewable energy and ensure a livable planet for future generations.。
视听说考试试题
视听说考试试题一、听力理解（共30分）A. 选择题（每题2分，共10分）请听以下对话或独白，然后从A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案。
1.M: Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the nearest subway station?W: Sure, just go straight ahead and take the first left.You'll see it on your right.A) Go straight and turn right at the first corner.B) Go straight and turn left at the first corner.C) Go straight and turn right at the second corner.2.W: I'm not sure if I should take this job offer. It pays well, but the working hours are terrible.M: Well, it's a trade-off. You'll have to decide what's more important to you.A) The man thinks the woman should take the job.B) The woman is satisfied with the job offer.C) The man is advising the woman to consider her priorities.3.M: The weather forecast says it's going to rain thisafternoon.W: In that case, we should bring an umbrella with us.A) They are already carrying an umbrella.B) They will take an umbrella because it might rain.C) They don't need an umbrella because it's not going to rain.4.W: I've been trying to reach the customer service, but Ican't get through.M: You should try again later. They might be busy at the moment.A) The man thinks the woman has reached customer service.B) The man suggests calling customer service later.C) The woman has successfully contacted customer service.5.M: I heard you're going to study abroad next semester.W: Yes, I'm really looking forward to it.A) The woman is not interested in studying abroad.B) The woman has already studied abroad.C) The woman is excited about the opportunity to study abroad.B. 填空题（每题1分，共10分）请听一段对话，根据对话内容填写以下空白处。
新闻英语视听说(Unit 1) 听力文本与练习答案
Food Quality1Task One: Food Additives (1)Food additives are widely used in many countries. However, the discovery a number of yearsago that the food additive Sudan Red was harmful to human health led to a backlash against all food additives.For example, the milk we drink in the morning has calcium added to it; numerous beverages contain calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and other minerals; store bought salt contains iodine, zinc and silica; and potato chips have as many as 10 types of food additives, such as spices, edible pigments, citric acid, flavor additives, sweetening agents and silica.MSG and condiments are considered food additives. Yeast powder is also a food additive tooand is usually added to steamed breads. Even sodium carbonate is a food additive, too, and is often added to make congee.To better understand the functions of food additives, Nature & Science did two interesting experiments at a bakery.Flour, eggs, sugar, salt and soda are the basic materials used in baking cakes.First, let’s make a cake without any additives. Mixing egg yolks and whites evenly, we thenadd some sugar into it. When the egg and sugar are (done) being mixed, we immediately add flour, water, soda and bulking agents into the mixture and rapidly mix them to make the batter .All this must be done within 10 to 30 seconds after which the batter must be immediately placed into the oven to bake.Now, let’s make some cakes with additives. When the eggs and sugar are being m ixed, weadd some cake oil to the mixture. The cake oil is composed of acidity regulators, antioxidants, vitamin C and sodium bicarbonate. It can make the egg-sugar mixture rapidly inflate. After flour, water and soda are poured into the egg-sugar mixture, the cake oil can form compound membranes with proteins in the cake batter. This can significantly improve the strength and stability of bubbles in the batter and make sure that all of the ingredients are evenly distributed. Even after the batter is left for some time, the bubbles will not disappear.After the cakes are taken out of the oven we can see that the cakes that had the oil added to them are much nicer to look at and are more flexible than those without the additives. Even the insides of the cakes are remarkably different. The internal structure of the cake without additivesis uneven and brittle. But the internal structure of the cake with additives is even, soft and flexibleand tastes delicious and moist.The benefits of food additives do not just apply to cakes but also to many other foods.Emulsifiers are what give ice cream its delicious taste. The sweeteners lead to low-calorie,low-sugar products.Without edible pigments, there wouldn’t be various colorful candies.2Without preservatives, can ned foods couldn’t be preserved for months on end, making it difficult to get them to consumers’ hands before they go bad. Preservatives can prevent the growth of bacteria and ensure the freshness of nutrition in the food for a short period of time. From this aspect, food additives are very important to our health. Without them, we can hardly imagine what life would be like. Food additives can keep and improve the color and flavor of foods. They can even increase the nutritional value of certain foods and improve the quality of our life. With the rapid development of the food industry, the type and usage of food additives have increased dramatically, and they have been applied more widely and become an indispensable aspect of modern food processing. Task Two: Food Additives (2)Food additives are widely used in many countries. Several years ago, the discovery that something called Sudan Red was harmful to human health led to a backlash against all food additives. In toxicology, the dosage decides the toxicity.If the intake of a substance is below its acceptable intake level, damage to the human health is within an acceptable scope. After evaluating the safety of a food additive, scientists put forth its acceptable daily intake (ADI) per kilogram of an average person’s body weight as the basis for governments to stipulate the applications and maximum dosages of food additives.The Food Safety and Toxicology Evaluation Procedures issued by the Chinese Ministry of Health require that every food additive must undergo oral acute toxicity tests, genetic toxicity tests, teratogenic tests, 90-day feeding trials and carcinogenic tests in animals.According to their toxicological data, food additives are divided into 3 categories: very safe, safe and unsafe. The first category of food additives have no restrictions related to their usage in food processing. They do not need ADI values but simply reference dosages.For example, after a large number of biochemical and toxicological researches, the international Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) announced that it planned to cancel the acceptable daily intake restriction of monosodium glutamate (MSG).This shows that MSG is a very safe food additive. China’s standards stipulate that MSG can be used in various types of food according to the practical needs of food production. For example, the maximum reference dosage of MSG is 1.3 milligrams per kilogram in candy, 190 milligrams per kilogram in condiments and 4,300 milligrams per kilogram in soups.The second category of food additives is food additives deemed safe. JECFA has established ADI values for each of them.Their uses in food processing are restricted. For instance, long-term animal experiments show that lemon yellow has the weakest toxicity of synthetic pigments and is a safe food additive. Its ADI is 0―7.5 milligrams per kilogram. In China, it is stipulated that its maximum dosage is0.1 grams per kilogram in fruit juices, drinks, candies and shrimps and 0.02 grams per kilogram in ice cream.The third category of food additives is unsafe. According to toxicological data, such additives are considered to be unsafe for use in food. In 2002, the Chinese Ministry of Health announced the prohibition of 59 types of natural raw materials in food, They are unsafe and if they are found in any food product, the company in question would be subject to legal action.Now that there are so many toxicological regulations overseeing the safety of food additives,3 why do so many consumers think food additives are a food safety issue? This perception is in part caused by the bad behavior of a very small minority of food processing companies who violate the state’s health standards through the use of illegal food additives. They increase the dosage of food additives or add some things that are not food additives into food. Consumers should stand up and safeguard their rights.They have the right to know what additives are in the food they are buying. For example, soy sauce usually has preservatives added. When a consumer buys a bottle of soy sauce in the supermarket, he can read the specific name of the preservative, say sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate, on the label of the bottle. Similarly, the specific names of sweeteners, such as xylitol and acesulfame potassium, added to soy sauce should also be marked on the label.When a type of food is added with more than 2 coloring agents, their specific names, such as Fancy Red and Bright Blue, should be clearly marked on the label. So when consumers buy food at the market, they can read the instructions on food packages to know what additives are in them. This red liquid is called Carmine. It’s a synthetic edible pigment. Its acceptable daily intake (ADI) is up to 4 milligrams per kilogram. Its maximum dosage is no more than 0.1 grams per kilogram in candy and no more than 0.025 grams per kilogram in soy milk and sausage casing. It is important that we correctly understand food additives and what they are. We shouldn’t regard them as harmful, nor should we be misguided by attempts to exaggerate their benefits. Task Three: Sanlu MilkInvestigation Continues into Sanlu Milk PowderChinese authorities are launching an investigation, following reports of kidney stones in infants, after they were fed powdered milk made by Sanlu Company in Hebei Province. Sanlu has already admitted to contamination of the product.Friday saw investigators from the Ministry of Health, the quality watchdog and relevant departments visiting affected children in hospitals. They then visited Sanlu’s headquarters in Shijiazhuang city, to take samples, and check on how the local government was dealing with the incident.An initial investigation shows milk powder containing melamine, which is used in making plastics, fertilizers and cleaning products.The quality regulator has launched a nationwide probe into all baby milk powders. Meanwhile, the Ministry of Health is sharing relevant information with the World Health Organization.Food Safety to Be Resolved in ChinaWell, The recent series of food safety scandals to hit China has prompted calls for a revamp to supervision practices. During the 3rd China Food Safety Forum, participants committed to implement stricter law enforcement to assure food safety in China.To buy or not to buy, it is a question many have to ponder now, as a wave of food safety scares has renewed fears in China over continued problems. Shoppers told us they hope food safety4violations will be resolved in a more effective and timely manner.(A Beijing resident)“I often buy food and other products that are popular and have a good reputation.”During the 3rd China Food Safety Forum, about 10 governmental departments related to food safety vowed to implement (more) stricter enforcement to assure the quality of food. (Yu Jun, vice director general of Department of Food Safety of State Council of China)“We will improve our monitoring system. We are urging the local governments to standard enterprises. Companies and individuals will be handed severe penalties if they break food safety or other laws pertaining to the quality of food.”In China, there are about 500 thousand food production companies. But for many of them, a weak food value chain is the main problem. When a scandal emerges, the public interrogates not only supervisory agencies, but also blames the food company at the center of the controversy. (Huang Qitai, chief scientist of Synutra International, Inc)“I think the food safety pr oblem depends on the people in the company. We should raise our company’s culture to a new level in order to win the respect of consumers, so we do not see the illegal additives in our food today.”A publicity week on China Food Safety is also beginning around the country. The aim is to make people know more about the State’s standard of food safety and the knowledge of additives in food.Tainted food scandals have caused nationwide concern. As, it is urgent for related departments to more strictly enforce laws and regulations to resolve the country’s food safety problems, which concern everyone’s health. 练习答案Unit One Food QualityTask One1. 1) D 2) B 3) A 4) C 5) D2. 1) materials 2) additives 3) sugar 4) mixture 5) oven 6) composed7) inflate 8) stability9) Even after the batter is left for some time, the bubbles won’t disappear.10) But the internal structure of the cake with additives is even, soft and flexible and tastes delicious and moist.Task Two1. 1) A 2) B 3) D 4) B 5) DTask Three1. 1) B 2) A 3) A 4) D 5) B2. 1) investigation 2) kidney stones 3) contamination 4) investigators5) quality watchdog 6) affected 7) headquarters 8) samples9) how the local government was dealing with the incident10) which is used in making plastics, fertilizers and cleaning products。
研究生英语视听说答案
研究⽣英语视听说答案研究⽣英语视听说答案【篇⼀：研究⽣英语视听说答案】62 b.part 1false complacency: consumers may feel a false sense of complacency by only shopping differently.part 2shopping:one thing we can so to help the environment is turn our shopping cart into a vehicle for social change when we go shopping. part 3longer-term issue: over-consumption by advanced industrial countries is a longer-term issue that we must focus on to save the earth.part 4green marketing: we have to be careful of the green marketing that is going on and the hucksters who profit from it.part 5revitalizing: we should think about revitalizing our transportation systems rather than which new car to buy.c.1. which of these book titles is not mentioned in the c2.what general purpose do these books have a3. what do alan during and c4.what one thing does alice tepper marlin a5. what shoud we do when we shop.c6. which comment does alan durning not make about c7. who is responsible for over consumption b8.which of the earth’s environmental b9.what specific solution does durning propose c10.how does durning see green b11. where do we see a lot of a12.which of the following areas is not mentioned a13. how does tepper marlin c14.what negative result could occur c15.what example does toyota use for c16. what does durning think we need to focus on a17.what happened in the 1980s, according to ad.1. b which of the following best2. c why does the interviewer3. a what does durning think aboutunit 11a task listening :which car companies are mentioned as examples of companies that may have to consolidate in the future renault, peugeot and mazda.b. part 1 what is becoming more common ,as illustrated by a part 2 what significance does the daimler chrysler merger bpart3 how easy is it to implement cross border apart 4 what impact will the daimler merger have on cpart 5 what reaction will countries have to the daimler apart 6 what role will governments play with international bc.part 1 t government and business f the scale of t national part 2 tthe daimler merger f according to jeffrey garten f the daimler merger marks the beginningpart 3 t this merger will t cultural differences foperational finterntional mergerspart 4 tin the future fthe smaller firms tcompetition will f renault peugeotpart 5 t anti-trust tthe sec fmercedes t chryslerpart 6 tthere has been an eclipse tgovernments have different f governments are able to join acrossd. 1. fthe significance 2tthis merger was 3tthere are more international mergers 4tsmaller car companies will 5. f in the end , 6t governments are more conservative.unit 10a task listening:what are two examples of nontraditional families mentioned in the report? gay couples, foster parents, stepfamilies, labor unions, historical societies and uelated seniors.part 1 what legal action has been taken in california? california now publicly registers nontraditional groups as families. part 2 how does shannom gibson’s family situation illustrate the situation of many american family today? shannon gibson has both a biological father and a stepfather in her family.part 3 what issue will the states be grappling with for many years? the courts will be grappling with the issue of what constitutes a family.part 4 how does the family registration certificate help? it could help legitimize john brown’s s tatus as a single fatherwith dependents.c.1. awhat is disappearing in the united states?2. awhich nontraditional groups are mentioned as3. chow is shanon gibson like?4. cwhat concern does shannon have?5. chow can a group register?6. bwhich group is not mentioned asone that? 7. bwhat did the family diversity?8. awhat kind of court case caused the state of? 9. bwhich group is not mentioned as s group in california?10. cwhich two states have registion procedures similar?11. bhow significant is the family registration? 12. cwhat role does john play? 13. what does browm say about his son?b 14. awhat is likely to happen ti brown as result?1. tshannon feel2. fshannon would rather be3. tshannon is afraid4. fthomas colema n thinks5. fcoleman think it’s easy6. tcoleman thinks it will take7. tjohn brown feels he has8. fbrown is confident that the insurance9. t brown is expecting a fightunit 9 p120a task listening: is olen kelley against all guns?no, only cheap handguns that are made to kill people.b.part 1how are some people trying to change gun laws?some people are trying to stop the sale of saturday night specials.part 2what happened to kelley?olen kelly was held up and shot.part 3who is kelle y suing?he’s suing the manufacturer of saturday night specials.c.1. bstatistics show that many people will2. bwhat change inthe gun control act? 3. csenator edward try to4. colen kelley5. awhat happened when kelley tried to open?6. bwhat did the 【篇⼆：研究⽣英语视听说英语听⼒(课后第四题)】>unit 6 — business and economy4. shopping centers in the uktapescriptdan: now there are a lot of shopping centres in the uk, and we went to the canarywharf shopping complex in east london to talk to some of the shoppers aboutwhat they like or dislike about shopping centres. one man compares theexperiences of shopping centres with shopping at boutiques on a local highstreet.rob: the high street is the main shopping street in a town or area; in america theycall it ‘main street’. and a boutique is a small shop, which usuallyspecialises in fashionable items.dan: so let‘s listen to the speaker as he compares shopping in a local high street and a shopping centre; what does he say is the advantage of going to a big shopping centre?i love the choice in a big shopping centre; i don‘t think it replaces localised shopping so a nice boutique in a local high street i think always has a place. butthat said if you want a good deal, a good discount, a good sale i think youneed to go to a big shopping centre really.dan: so the shopper there said he liked the choice of a big shopping centre. it‘s the place to go if you want a good deal, a good discount or a good sale.rob: a discount is a reduced price –it’s when something costs less than normal.a good deal means the same –it‘s when you buy something for a good price.dan: we have a clip here from another shopper describing shopping centres in the uk. she says th ey’re quite vast and open and have a massive variety of shops.rob: both vast and massive mean very large. so there‘s a massive variety of shops in the shopping centres.dan: so let‘s listen to the clip. what types of restaurant canyou find in britishshopping centres? shopping centres are usually quite vast and open and full of a massive variety of shops but they’re quite standard. so each shopping centretends to have exactly the same basic shops that you come to expect. you sort oftend to get the same standard restaurants and food outlets as well in shopping centres, so either fast food or slightly more upmarket restaurants.dan: she says you get the same standard restaurants in a british shopping centre: either fast food or more upmarket restaurants.rob: fast food is what we call anything that can be served and eaten quickly, often from restaurant chains, such as mcdonalds, burger king or subway.dan: and what about the upmarket restaurants?rob: upmarket means something of high quality that generally appeals to peoplefrom higher social classes. the opposite is downmarket.dan: of course, not everyone likes shopping centres. some people say they findthem too crowded.rob: mm, crowded, when there are too many people. i agree, particularly atweekends or during the holidays when there are lots of people, a lot of these shopping centres are far too crowded to shop, or walk, oreven move!bdirections: listen to the dialogue again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1) a boutique is a small shop, which usually specialises in fashionable items. ( t )2) a big shopping centre is the place to go if you want a good deal, a good discount ora good sale.( t )3) a discount is a reduced price –it‘s when something costs less than normal. a good deal means differently.( f )4) shopping centres are usually quite vast and open and havea fewvariety of shopsbut they‘re quite standard.( f )5) not everyone likes shopping centres. they are far too crowded to shop, or walk, or even move, particularly at weekends or during the holidays. ( t )unit 7 — cultures4. table manners and diet customstapescriptm: last weekend, i went as a guest to a chinese friend‘s house. it was really an interesting experience! i felt a little bit of cultural shock.f: really? so you discovered a few china and america‘s different customs.m: definitely. first, chinese and americans have very different ways of accepting originally thought we would drink together as we ate. so i surprised when the host put it aside and didn‘t open it. i really didn‘t understand but ididn‘t say anything.f: you shouldn‘t have worried. that‘s just a way chinese people accept g ifts. it‘s considered impolite to open something right when you receive it. the way chinese people see it, opening the gift on the same occasion that you receive it seems to imply that you only want to see whether the gift is good or bad and you don‘t care about the thought that your friend put into it.m: oh really? well i guess it was just a misunderstanding then. americans almost always open the gift right away. then they can say something nice to show that they like what the person gave them.f: when you were having dinner, did they keep encouraging you to eat and drink? m: yes! they were always saying ―eat some more! take a bit more!‖ and themoment there is a bit space in my bowl, they immediately gave me another helping.that day i had 4 bowls of rice, ate i don‘t know how much food.i ate so much icouldn‘t walk in a straight line. in america, the host won‘t urge the guest to eat anddrink more. the guest just eats however much they want to eat. f: that‘s just the chinese way of being friendly and welcoming to one‘s guests. forchinese people, making sure their guest eat their fill and eat well is the mostimportant thing.m: also they set up this incredibly abundant table of food but then they said there isnothing here to eat, it wasn‘t prepared very well and other things like that. and itseems even stranger to me. if they have prepared well, then how many dishes willthey have to have?f: they were just being modest. even if they had prepared more, they still wouldhave said that. and chinese hosts would always prepare a whole lot of dishes.because if they are among meager selection, the host will feel that he had lost face.preparing a huge feast is a way of showing your respect for the guest.m: oh the chinese customs are so complicated. i will never have understood if youhaven‘t told me.f: every culture has its own particular ways of doing things though. there are somewestern customs that chinese people think are hard to understand.m: i guess what i have learned is that when you study a language, you also have tounderstand the culture that behind it because otherwise it‘s easy to createmisunderstandings and miscommunications.f: i agree.b directions: listen to the dialogue again and decide whether these statementsare true or false.1) when the man went to the host‘s house, he brought a bottle of wine as a gift andthey drank together in the dinner. ( f )2) when americans accept a gift, they almost always open the gift right away. ( t )3) american hosts are always saying ―eat some more! take a bit more!‖ ( f )4) chinese hosts like to say that there is nothing here to eat, it wasn‘t prepared verywell and they mean it. ( f )5) since the man has been studying chinese for a long time, he knows all the customsquite well.unit 8 — transportation and city life4. foggy california city is tops with touristsb directions: listen to the passage again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1) each year los angeles ranks first or second in the nation in touristvisits.( f )2) considering so many attractions, it‘s no wonder san francisco is a desirable and expensive place to visit.( t )3) san francisco gets a lot of rain, but its winters are cold and its summers warm. ( f )4) san francisco has a fleet of 37 cable cars which are the only ones of their kind remaining in the world. ( t )5) the ―hippie‖ experience of san francisco‘s 1967 ―summer of love‖ has quite far-reaching influence on some american people. ( t )tapescriptfoggy california city is tops with touristshilly san francisco is america‘s 13th-largest city. three other california cities— los angeles, san diego and san jose — are larger. yet each year, san francisco ranks first or second in the nation in tourist visits.what‘s the attraction? why did singer tony bennett, in his signature song, leavehis heart in san francisco, rather than, say, boston or cincinnati?perhaps it‘s the setting: shrouded in fog along 40 steep hills, overlooking glistening san francisco bay. many of the densely-packed neighborhoods clinging to these hills are filled with ornate victorian housescalled ―painted ladies.‖considering its ocean beaches, bustling commercial waterfront, two of theworld‘s most striking bridges, and the largest urban park west of philadelphia, it‘s no wonder san francisco is a desirable and expensive place to live and a treat to visit. add in its lively theater scene, the oldest ballet company in the united states, dozens of art galleries, and thousands of fine restaurants, and san francisco exudes sophistication.the city does get a lot of rain, but its winters are mild and its summers cool.really cool. in fact, there‘s a delightful saying — incorrectly credited to humorist mark twain —that the natives enjoy: ―the coldest winter i ever spent was a summer in san francisco.‖among the city‘s top visitor attractions is chinatown — the largest asian community outside asia. and one of the enduring symbols of san francisco is itsfleet of 37 cable cars — the only ones of their kind remaining in the world.san francisco‘s hills themse lves are tourist attractions —especially aserpentine stretch of lombard street that everyone callsthe ―crookedest street inamerica.‖in the haight-ashbury neighborhood, you can still run into people who aretrying to recapture the ―hippie‖ experience of san francisco‘s 1967 ―summer of love.‖ and in san francisco bay, alcatraz prison, which once housed the worst ofthe worst federal prisoners, is open for tours.these unique allurements explain why the american short-story writer o. hey wrote, ―east is east, and west is san francisco.‖unit 9 — health4. link between heart health and educationb directions: listen the passage again and decide whether the following statements are true or false.1) less educated people tend to have more heart attacks and other so-called cardiovascular events. ( t )2) the correlation between more education and fewer heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular events was strongest among women in richer countries.( f )3) educated people in lower- and middle-income countries tend to avoid risky behaviors like smoking, or they eat better, or get better medical care.( f )4) women in latin america are increasingly targeted by tobacco companies. (t )5) more educated women in lower- and middle-class countries are more likely to get better positions with health care insurances. (f )tapescriptnumerous studies have found a connection between education and the risk ofheart disease and stroke. more educated people tend to have fewer heart attacks and other so-called cardiovascular events. but new research finds that the correlation doesnt apply everywhere.previous studies have been done almost entirely in richer, industrialized countries. abhinav goyal of emory university in atlanta wanted to see if that link between heart disease and education applied in low- and middle-income countries. so what we found is that there is a relationship between education level and cardiovascular events that differs both in terms of gender and in terms of worldregion, says goyal.the correlation between more education and fewer heart attacks, strokes, andother cardiovascular events was strongest among men in richer countries. the link【篇三：研究⽣英语视听说unit 1】unit 1 preparation for studying abroadtopic preview1. would you like to study in another country if possible?2. do you have any friends studying abroad? what is it like to study there？part 1 movie time university of northern british columbia exercise 1watch the video clip and answer the questions：1. what’s the name of the first student? where does she come from? what did she do in her second year of university?2. what’s the name of the second student? which school did she graduate from? why did she choose unbc?3. what’s the name of the third person? which does she do? what are the three great things about unbc according to her?4. what is the first young man?5. what does the second man say?6. what’s the name of last person? what i s he? where is he now? why does he like studying in other countries? exercise 2watch the video clip again and decide whether the statements are true (t) or false (f).1. anna always wanted to enter unbc because of the good academic atmosphere there.2. mia preferred smaller universities because she can have closer contact with professors.3. diana enjoyed her leisure activities very much in unbc.4. one of the reasons why so many students would like to choose unbc is that they like the wonderful exchange programs there.part ii listening activitiestask 1: visa interviewexercise 1explain the following sentences with your own words:1. the offer from the university is conditional on your english language proficiency test result.2. the results will not be available for another two or three weeks.3. i’ll be happy to give you a student visa, valid for the duration of your course, when you bring methe result of your test.exercise 2listen to the dialogue again and fill in the blanks with the missing information.1. to get her student visa, the applicant should provide evidence of _______________________ for the last five years, documents relating to ______________________, and results of test.2. she was told to _________________________ to see the visa officer again with ___________________ and_____________________task 2: the graduate school application processexercise 1what are the procedures for applying to a graduate school?step1_____________________________________________________ ___________________ step2_____________________________________________________ ___________________ step3_____________________________________________________ ___________________ step4_____________________________________________________ ___________________ step5_____________________________________________________ ___________________exercise 2listening to the passage again and answer the questions:1. what factors should be considered to create a list of potential schools?2. who will be the ideal persons to write letters of recommendation for an applicant?3. what are the characteristics of a good statement of purpose?4. what should an applicant do after completing the statement of purpose?5. when should an applicant mail all materials?additional listening: new toefl testexerciselisten to the passage and decide whether the statements are true (t) or false (f).1. toefl is a graduate record examination required by many american universities and othereducation centers.2. the major concern of american college officials in deciding which students to accept is theapplicants admissions test score.3. the new toefl test measures a students ability to understand, read and write english.4. a practice test is available on the toefl web site of ets, and it is free of charge.part iii oral practicetask 1: a dialogue at the airporthere is a dialogue between a customs officer and a student at the airport, but the sequences of the sentences are arranged in random. try to put the sentences in proper order. then practice the dialogue with your partner.1. how about the camera? i’m afraid you’ll have to pay duty on this if it’s not for your personaluse.2. do you have any liquor or cigarettes?3. please open this bag. what are these?4. no, i don’t.5. yes, i have two bottles of whiskey.6. ok. please give this declaration card to that officer at the exit.7. no, i have just one suitcase with me.8. these are some stuff for my personal use, a souvenir that 1m taking to china, and some gifts for my friends.9. oh, the camera? it is, sir.10. your passport and declaration card, please. do you have anything to declare?11. do you have any other baggage?task 2: simulating a visa applicationsimulate a visa interview with your partner using the words and sentence patterns given in the language focus below.。
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Lesson 1 Napoleon令狐采学Today, I’m going to talk to you about one of the most important historical figures in European history: Napoleon Bonaparte. Let ’s start by talking about his early life. Napoleon was born in 1769 on the island of Corsica. When he was only 10 years old, his father sent him to military school in France. Napoleon wasnot a very good student in most of his classes, but he excelled in mathematics and military science. When he was 16 yearsold,hejoinedtheFrencharmy.Inthatyear1785,hebeganthemilitarycareerth at wouldbringhimfame ,power,riches andfinallydefeat.NapoleonbecameageneralintheFrencharmyattheyoungageo f24.Napoleonhad many victories on the battlefield but he also became involved in French law and politics. And in 1804, at the age of35,hebecamethefirst emperoroftheFrance.Napoleonwas many things. He was, first of all, a brilliant military leader. His soldiers were ready to die for him. As a result, N.won many military victories. At one time he controlled most of Europe, but some countries, including England, Russia, and Austria fought fiercely against him. His defeat —“his end”came when he decided to attack Russia. In this military campaign against Russia, he lost most of his army.ThegreatFrenchconquerordied alone – desertedbyhisfamilyand friends in 1821.Napoleonwasonly51yearsoldwhenhedied.========================================= ==================Lesson 2 PompeiiThe lecture for this class is about the city of Pompeii. A natural disaster occurred there almost 2000 years ago.Today many rich people who live in large metropolitan areas such as Beijing, Paris and New York leave the city in the summer. They go to the mountains or to the seashore to escape the city noise and heat.2,000 years ago, wealthy Romans did the same thing.They left the city of Rome in the summer. Many of these wealthy Romans spent their summers in the city of Pompeii, a beautiful city, located on the Bay of Naples.In the summer of the year 79 C.E., a young Roman boy who later became a very famous Roman historian was visiting his uncle in P.. The boy’s name was Pliny the Younger. One day Pliny was looking up at the sky. He saw a frightening sight. It was a very large dark cloud. This black cloud rose high into the sky. What Pliny saw was the eruption of the volcano called Mount Vesuvius.Rock and ash flew through the air. The city of P . was at the foot of Mt. V.. When thevolcano first erupted, many people were able to get out of the city and to escape death. In fact, 18,000 people escaped the terrible disaster. Unfortunately, there was not enough time for everyone to escape. More than 2,000 people died. These unlucky people were buried alive under the volcanic ash.The eruption lasted for about 3 days. When the eruption was over, P . was buried under 20 feet of volcanic rock and ash. The city of P . wasforgotten for almost 1,700 years.In the year of 1748 an Italian farmer was digging on his farm. As he was digging, he uncovered a part of a wall of the ancient city of P.. Soon archaeologists began to dig in the area. As time went by, much of the ancient city of P. was uncovered. Today tourists come from all over the world to see the ruins of the famous city of Pompeii.========================================= ==================Lesson 4 Roller CoasterLet's talk about the physics involved in a ride on a roller coaster. I'm sure many of you have taken a ride on a roller coaster. A simple roller coaster consists of a frame with a track on it. The track is very much like a train track, this track goes over a series of hills and around curves. It follows a path that ends at the same place it started. A train of cars travels around on this track, very fast. The cars have two sets of wheels. One set of wheels rolls on top of the track, and the others set ofwheels rolls below the track. The wheels below the track keep the fast moving cars from coming off the track, roller coaster cars as you probably know don't have any motors or engines. Instead, a chain pulls the cars up the first, tallest and steepy staff hill, this is how the ride begins. Then, at the top of the hill the chain comes off the cars and gravity takes over. gravity pushes the cars down the other side of the hill. the taller and steeper the first hill is, the faster the ride will be. And the farther the cars will travel. as the cars rolled downhill they gained speed. the cars have enough speed and energy to send them up the next hill. as the cars near the top of the second hill they begin to slow down. but then, the cars reached the top of that hill, and start down the other side. gravity again pushes them toward the ground. this process repeats on each hale. Okay, so let's go over this process again. first, the cars are pulled by a chain up the first highest hill. then they go down a very steep slope, at this point, there is enough energy to pull the cars up and over the next hill. when they reached the bottom of that hill, there is enough energy to climb the next hill, the roller coaster cars lose energy as the ride continues. so, the hills have to be smaller toward the end of the track, finally we roll to a stop on ground level right where we began.========================================= ===============Lesson 5 Language: How Children Acquire TheirsWhat I’d lie to talk to you about today is the topic of child language development. I know that you all are trying to developa second language, but for a moment, let’s think about a related topic, and that is: How children develop their first language.What do we know about how babies develop their language and communication ability? Well, we know babies are able to communicate as soon as they are born,even before they learn to speak their first language. At first, they communicate bycrying. This crying lets their parents know when they are hungry, or unhappy, or uncomfortable. However, they soon begin the process of acquiring their language. The first state of language acquisition begins just a few weeks after birth. At this stage, babies start to make cooing noises when they are happy. Then, around four months of age they begin to babble. Babies all over the world begin to babble around the same age, and they all begin to make the same kinds of babbling noises. Now, by the time they are ten months old, however, the babbling of babies from different language backgrounds sounds different. For example, the babbling of a baby in a Chinese-speaking home sounds different from the babbling of a baby in an English-speaking home. Babies begin a new stage of language development when they begin to speak their first words. At first, they invent their own words for things. For example, a baby in anEnglish-speaking home may say ―baba‖for the word ―bottle‖or ―kiki‖ for ―cat.‖ In the next few months, babies will acquire a lot of words. These words are usually the names of things that are in the baby’s environment, words for food or toys, for example. They will begin to use these words to communicate with others. For example, if a baby holds up an empty juice bottle and then says ―juice,‖ to his father, the baby seems to be saying, ―I want more juice, Daddy‖or ―May I have more juice, Daddy?‖ This word ―juice‖ is really a one-word sentence.Now, the next stage of language acquisition begins around the age of 18 months, when the babies begin to say two-word sentences. They begin to use a kind of grammar to put these words together. The speech they produce is called ―telegraphic‖speech because the babies omit all but the most essential words. An English-speaking child might saysomething like ―Daddy, up‖which actually could mean ―Daddy, pick me up, please.‖Then, between two and three years of age, young children begin to learn more and more grammar. For example, they begin to use the past tense of verbs. The children begin to say things such as ―I walked home‖and ―I kissed Mommy.‖ They also begin to overgeneralize this new grammar rule and make a log of grammar mistakes. For example, children often say such thins as ―I goed to bed‖ instead of ―I went to bed,‖ or ―Ieated ice cream‖ instead of ―I ate ice cream.‖ In other words, the children have learned the past tense rule for regular verbs such as ―walk‖ and ―kiss,‖ but they haven’t learned that they cannot use this rule for all verbs. Some verbs like ―eat‖ are irregular, and the past tense forms for irregular verbs must be learned individually. Anyway, these mistakes are normal, and the children will soon learn to use the past tense for regular and irregular verbs correctly. The children then continue to learn other grammatical structures in the same way.If we stop to think about it, actually it’s quite amazing how quickly babies and children all over the world learn their language and how similar the process is for babies all over the world.Do you remember anything about how you learned your first language during the early years of your life? Think about the process for a minute. What was your first word? Was it ―mama‖or maybe ―papa‖? Now think also about the process of learning English as a second language. Can you remember the first word you learned in English? I doubt that it was ―mama.‖ Now, think about some of the similarities and differences involved in the processes of child and adult language learning. We’ll talk about some similarities and differences in the first and second language learning processes tomorrow. See you then.===========================================================Lesson 7 RobotsWhen people think about a robot, they often picture a machine that loo ks something like a human being. However, that’s not always the case . Most robots do not look much like a human being at all, they look lik e machines because that’s what most of them are- industrial machine s.Today, I’m going to talk mostly about industrial robots used in indu stry. These are robots that do work that for humans would be physicall y demanding, repetitive, dangerous or very boring. Most industrial robo ts work on in an assembly line in a factory. For example, a robot might put liz on jars of fruits or start boxesfor shaping. In a car factory, robot ic arms on an assembly line join the parts of a car together; other robot s tighten the boats on the car’s wheelsor paint the car. There are thou sands of robots putting cars together in ___ plan. These robots are ver y precise when repeating a task. For example, they always tighten boats with the same exact amount of force. They always move a heavy engine to exactly where it should be and they always put ahold in the exact sa me place in every car door hour after hour. These are examples of robo ts doing the work humans could do but the robots are doing the work more efficiently and precisely.So, just how do robots work? To do its job a robot first needs a control system. This control system directs the robots mechanical parts. The control system of a robot is sort of speak--a robot brain. So how does a robot learn which action to do first and which of its moving part nee ds to do that action? A robot learns its job with the help and guidance of a human being. To teach an industrial robot to do something, first a person must use a hand-held computer. The computer is used to guide the robot’s arm and hand through the motions it needs to do. Then, t he robot stores exact movement in its computer memory. The robot ha s sensors to gather information, so now the robot will use its sensors to direct its actions. The robot tells its moving part what to do and then i t performs the action. For example, to pick up and move a box, the rob ot first finds the box, next it decides the weight of the box. Then it deci des how much force is needed to lift and move the box, and finally, it fi nds the correct place to put the box down. It repeats the process over a nd over until it's turned off. It does the same job until it is given the jo b and new program to follow. Some scientists think that robots of the f uture will be smarter than today's robots. They may also look more hu man like or even animal like. In fact, they may work and think more lik e humans do. The industrial robots we've been talking about so far tod ay are automatic robots.They are known as automatic robots because they have program to foll ow a specific series of movement. Usually, they have parts that move but they really don't travel around. On the other hand, an autonomous machine can change itsbehavior in relation to its surroundings. For exa mple, an autonomous robot with wheelsor legs to move around can ch ange direction when it senses that there are something in its way. A rob ot such as …can detect the movement of people nearby. It can move t o avoid bumping into sb. coming toward it. Asthma can even learn to d ance by following the movements of a dancer next to it. I don't know whether or when people would welcome autonomousmachines or hum an like robots. I guess that we will not only think about that in the futu re. We need to think about how we will interact with our global doctor: robal teacher, robal pet, or even our robal friend.========================================= ==================Lesson 8 A Tidal WaveA tidal wave is a very large and very destructive wall of water that rushes in from the ocean towards the shore. Many scientists call these waves tsunami. In Japanese tsunami means “storm wave.”But do you know that tidal are not caused by storms and that they are not true tidal at all? A true tidal is the regular rise a waves and fall of ocean waters, at definite times each day, but a tidal wave comes rushing in suddenly and unexpectedly. A tidal wave is caused by an underwater earthquake. The word “seaquake”is made up of two words, theword “sea”which means “ocean”and the word “quake”. “To quake”means “to shake”or “to tremble.”When a seaquake takes place at the bottom of the ocean, the ocean floor shakes and trembles, and sometimes the ocean floor shifts. It is this shaking that produces the tidal wave. The tidal wave begins to move across the sea at great speed.Tidal waves have taken many human lives in the past. Today scientists can predict when a tidal wave will hit land. They use a seismograph to do this. A seismograph is an instrument that records the strength, the direction, and the length of time of an earthquake or seaquake. It is not possible to hold back a tidal wave, but it is possible to warn people that a tidal wave is coming. This warning can save many lives.========================================= ==================Lesson 9 Levels of LanguageToday I want to talk about levels of language usage. You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways, depending on the situation they are in. This is very natural. All languages have two general, broad categories, or levels of usage: a formal level and an informal level. English is no exception. I’m not talking about correct and incorrect English. What I’m talking about are two levels of correct English. The difference in these two levels is the situation inwhich you use a particular level. Formal language is the kind of language you find in textbooks, reference books such as encyclopedias, and in business letters. For example, a letter to a university would be in formal style. You would also use formal English in compositions and essays that you write in school. People usually use formal English when they give classroom lectures or speeches and at ceremonies such as graduations. We also tend to use formal language in conversations with persons we don’t know well or with people we have a formal relationship with, such as professors, bosses, doctors, friends of our parents’, strangers, etc. Informal language is used in conversations with colleagues, family and friends, and when we write personal notes or letters to close friends, as well as in diaries, etc.Formal language is different from informal language in several ways. However, today I’m going to talk only about a couple of ways. First of all, formal language tends to be more polite. Interestingly, it usually takes more words to be polite. For example, I might say to a friend or family member, "Close the door, please", but to a stranger or someone in authority I probably would say "Would you mind closing the door" or "Excuse me, could you please close the door" Using words like "could" and "would" makes my request sound more polite, but also more formal.Another difference between formal and informal language is some ofthe vocabulary. There are some words and phrases that belong in formal language and others that are informal. Let me give you a couple of examples of what I mean. Let’s say "I’m just crazy about soccer!" But if I were talking to my supervisor or a friend of my parents’, I would probably say "I really enjoy soccer" or "I like soccer very much". Let’s say I’m telling someone some news I heard about the police arresting a criminal. To my friend I might say "The cops bagged the crook". To my parents’friend I might say "The police arrested the thief".Although the line between formal and informal language is not always clear and although people are probably less formal today than in the past, it is useful to be aware that these two levels, or categories, do exist. The best way for a non-native speaker of English to learn the difference is to observe the different ways English speakers speak or write in different situations. Television newscasters, your college professors in class, your doctors in their offices, etc, will usually speak rather formally. However, your classmates, teammates, family members, friends, etc. will generally speak in an informal fashion. The difference can be learned over time by observing and interacting with native speakers.========================================= ==================Lesson 10 Power: The Kinds People Use and AbuseJohn Mack, who is the author of a book about power, says that the need for a sense of personal power is one of the primary forces in human life. On the other hand, he also says that a feeling of powerlessness is one of the most disturbing of human emotions ―a feeling to be avoided at all costs. Just what is power? Psychologists define power as the ability to determine or to change the actions or behavior of other people. Psychologists are trying to identify different kinds of power so that they can better understand how people use these different kinds of power to gain control over other people. They are trying to understand how people manipulate other people for good and evil purposes. Psychologists have identified five basic types of power, and I’d like to talk about each of these briefly in the next few minutes.The first type of power is called information power. Some psychologist believe that information power is one of the most effective types of power and control. The person who has information that other people want and need, but do not have, is in a position of power. Why is this? Well, most people like to receive and have information. Having information increases a person’s own sense of power. People who provide information can manipulate those who do not have information. Often, when people receive information, theydo not know that they are being manipulated by those who provided the information. The psychologist named Edwards says, for example, that newspapers provide a lot of information to their readers, and that these newspaper readers generally believe the information they read. Readers do not question the accuracy of the reports about world events they read in the newspapers.A second type of power is called referent power. For example, a person may want to behave like the members of a particular group, such as a soccer team ( or a group of classmates), or a person may identify with and want to be like a certain teacher, a friend, or say , a rock star. If you identify with another person, that person has power over you, and that person can influence your actions and behavior. Many people imitate and are controlled by the people they identify with. Let me give you a sad example of the use of this type of power for evil purposes. In the 1970s in Jonestown, Guyana, more than 900 people committed suicide when their religious leader Jim Jones told them to kill themselves. They did what he told them to do because he had referent power over them. They identified with him; they believe him, and they did what he told them to do. More recently a man named David Koresh controlled the lives and destinies of a small community of men, women, and children in Waco, Texas. Mostpeople in his community died in a fire, along with their leader, during a confrontation with U.S. government agents.A third kind of power is classified as legitimate power. Government officials, according to Edwards, have a lot of legitimate power. When the government decides to raise taxes or make people go to war, most people will do what their government officials tell them to do. One psychologist reported on an experiment that showed an example of this type of power. In this experiment, a researcher asked people on the street to move away from a bus stop. When he was dressed as a civilian, few people moved away from the bus stop. When the researcher was dressed as a guard, most people moved away from the bus stop. The guard’s uniform seemed to give the researcher a look of legitimate power.A fourth kind of power is called expert power. An expert is a person who is very skilled in some area, such as sports, or who knows a lot about something, such as computers. Most people are impressed by the skills or knowledge of an expert. Some of these “experts” use their skills at playing sports or knowing about computers to gain power and influence ―and to gain money or admiration, according to Edwards. In other words, they use their expertise to gain power. Finally, reward or coercive power is used by people who have the power to reward or punish another person’s actions or behavior.Giving a reward will change people’s behavior because it offers people a chance for gain. Giving a punishment may or may not cause the people to do what the powerful person wants them to do, but the changes may not last for a long time. The person who uses coercive power may also have to carefully watch thatthe less powerful person does, in fact, change his or her actions or behavior.To sum up, then, power may be gained in many ways. It may come from having information that other people want or need; it may come from being a referent for other people to identify with or to imitate; it may come from having an official, or legitimate, position of authority; it may come from having skills or expertise; or it may come from having the power to reward or punish people. We all exercise one or more of these various kinds of power over other people, and other people will try to exercise one or more of these kinds of power over us throughout our lives.======================================== ==========Lesson 11 Asian and African Elephants: Similarities and Differences The African and the Asian elephants are the largest land animals in the world. They are really enormous animals. The African and the Asian el ephants are alike, or similar, in many ways, but there are differences between the 2 types of elephants, too.What are some of the similarities between the African and the Asian ele phant? Well, for one thing, both animals have long noses, called trunks. An elephant sometimes uses its trunk like a third hand. Both kinds of elephants use their trunks to pick up very small objects and very large, heavy objects. They can even pick up trees with their trunks. For anoth er thing, both the African and the Asian elephants have very large ears, although the African elephant’s ears are considerably larger.In addition, both animals are intelligent. They can be trained to do heav y work. They can also be trained to do tricks to entertain people. In oth er words, they both work for people, and they entertain people also. As I said before, the African and Asian elephants are alike in many way s, but they are also quite different, too. Let me explain what I mean. Th e African elephant is larger and heavier than the Asian elephant. Asian elephantsreach a height of about 10 feet, and African elephants reach about 13 feet tall.The African male elephant weighs between 12,000 and 14,000 pounds. In contrast, the average Asian male elephant weighs between 7,000 and 12,000 pounds. So one is bigger than the other, but as you can see,both are still enormous animals.Another difference between the 2 kinds of elephants is the size of the ears. Asian elephants have smaller ears than African elephants . The African elephant has 2 very large teeth. These teeth are called tusks. The Asian elephanthowever sometimes does not have any tusks at all. The elephants differ in color, too. The African elephant is dark gray in color while the Asia n elephant is light gray. Occasionally an Asian elephant is even white ! The last big difference between the 2 typesof elephants is their temperament. The Asian elephant is tamer than th e African elephant, orin another way, the African elephant is much wilder than the Asian elep hant. As a result, it’s more difficult to train the African elephant to pe rform tricks to entertain people. That’s why the elephants you see in t he circus are probably Asian elephants and not African elephants. Yes, there certainly are differences between the African and the Asian e lephants, but as I mention at the start of mytall, there is one big similarity between the 2 animals: they are both fasc inating and enormous animals.========================================= ==================Lesson 13 Lincoln and KennedyJohn F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln lived in different times and ha d very different family and educational backgrounds. Kennedy lived in the 20th century; Lincoln lived in the 19th century. Kennedy was bornin 1917, whereas Lincoln was born more than a hundred years earlier, i n 1809. As for their family backgrounds, Kennedy came from a rich fa mily, but Lincoln’s family was not wealthy. Because Kennedy came fr om a wealthy family, he was able to attend expensive private schools. H e graduated from Harvard University. Lincoln, on the other hand, had only one year of formal schooling. In spite of his lack of formal schooli ng, he became a well-known lawyer. He taught himself law by reading l aw books. Lincoln was, in other words, a self-educated man.In spite of these differences in Kennedy and Lincoln’s backgrounds, some interesting similarities between the 2 men are evident. In fact, bo oks have been written about the strange coincidences in the lives of the se 2 men. Take forexample ,their political careers. Lincoln began his political career in con gress. Similarly, Kennedy also began his political career in congress. Lin coln was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1847, and Ke nnedy was elected to the House in 1947. So they were elected to congress exactly 100 yearsapart. Another interesting coincidence is that each man was elected pre sident of the United States in a year ending with the number 60. Lincol n was elected president in 1860, and Kennedy was elected in 1960; furt hermore, both men were president during years of civil unrest in the co untry. Lincoln was president during the American Civil War. At the令狐采学创作time Kennedy became president,African-Americans were fighting for their civil rights ,unrest took the form of civil rights demonstrations. Timeschange and it’s just over 15 more years,the United States elected its first African-American president Barack Obama. President Obama was elected in 2008 and…,but let me get back to talk about Lincoln and Kennedy.Another striking similarity between these 2 men was that, as you proba bly know, neither president lived to complete his term in office. Lincol n and Kennedy were both assassinated while in office. Kennedy was as sassinated in 1963 inDallas, Texas, after only 1,000 days in office. Lincoln was assassinated i n 1865 a few days after the end of the American Civil War. It’s rather curious to note that both presidents were shot while they were sitting next to their wives.These are only a few examples of the unusual similarities in the destinie s of these 2 Americans – men who had a tremendous impact on the s ocial and political life in the United States and the imagination of the A merican people.令狐采学创作。
大学英语4视听说
2 Discuss your choices . Then talk about why you like being a morning person or an evening person.
If your choices are mostly “A”s, you are clearly a morning person, a person who is most efficient and alert in the morning. The downside is that you may become quickly tired when evening comes, and often feel uncomfortable at the thought of going out after nine.
Opening up
moral
Being honest, just, fair
Drunk driving, using cell phones while driving, speeding, cheating, stealing, gambling
annoying
Talking loudly in public places, smoking in non-smoking areas, interrupting other people, intruding on personal space, complaining endlessly
Wrapping up Fun time
Learning objectives
1
talk about good and bad behavior in public places