上海市普陀区2016-2017学年高三第一学期物理质量调研试卷
【真卷】2016-2017年上海市闵行区21校联考八年级(上)物理期中试卷和答案
2016-2017学年上海市闵行区21校联考八年级（上）期中物理试卷一.选择题（每题2分，共24分）1．（2分）里约奥运会上，中国健儿勇夺金牌，让国旗在国歌声中一次次升起。
我国国歌演奏时间约为（）A．500毫秒B．5秒 C．50秒D．5分钟2．（2分）把边长为3分米的正方体的铁块，在相同的温度下压成长2米、宽0.2米的均匀铁皮，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．铁块的形状、质量和体积都变了B．铁块的形状、体积变，质量不变C．铁块的形状变，体积和质量不变D．铁块的质量变，体积和形状不变3．（2分）某同学用打点计时器打出两条纸带（如图），下列说法正确的是（）A．由于第一条纸带点与点之间距离不均匀，说明相邻两个点的时间间隔是不同的B．由于打点计时器均匀的振动，不论怎样拉纸带，相邻两个点的时间间隔总是相同的C．第一条纸带有7个点，拉纸带的时间是0.14秒D．拉第一条纸带时一定是越来越快4．（2分）下列单位换算中，书写正确的是（）A．1500克=1500×克=1.5千克B．1500克=1500×=1.5千克C．1500克=1500克×千克=1.5千克D．1500克=1500×千克=1.5千克5．（2分）影响声音传播速度的是（）A．发声的物质B．传声的物质C．振动的幅度D．振动的频率6．（2分）如图所示，小明同学用不同的力敲击鼓面，他研究的是（）A．音色与用力大小的关系B．响度与振幅的关系C．音调与用力大小的关系D．音调与振幅的关系7．（2分）控制噪声是城市环境保护的主要项目之一，下列措施不能减弱噪声的是（）A．在一些主要干道旁设置噪声监测设备B．市区禁止机动车鸣笛C．摩托车的排气管上加消声器D．大街小巷两旁种草植树8．（2分）下列各现象中不属于光沿直线传播的是（）A．晴天，树林中地上有圆形光斑B．烈日下常能见到水泥马路对面的物体会变形C．人在灯光下的影子D．射击瞄准时一定要“三点一线”9．（2分）如图所示，小猫在平面镜前欣赏自己的全身像，此时它所看到的全身像是图中的（）A．B．C．D．10．（2分）渔夫到湖里去叉鱼。
上海市普陀区2023-2024学年高三下学期质量调研(二模)化学试题(含解析)
上海市普陀区2023-2024学年高三下学期质量调研（二模）化学试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、解答题1．Ⅰ.立方氮化硼(BN)、立方金刚石、碳化硅(SiC)等都是莫氏硬度高的超硬材料，在工业上有广泛应用。
(1)C、N、O三种元素中第一电离能最大的是，电负性最大的是。
A．碳元素B．氮元素C．氧元素(2)下列有关Si说法正确的有___________。
A．基态Si原子核外有3种能量的电子B．Si原子由基态变为激发态时会释放能量C．基态Si原子的价层电子排布式为3p2D．Si在元素周期表中属于p区元素Ⅱ.立方氮化硼(BN)可由硼酸(H3BO3)和尿素[CO(NH2)2]反应制得，下图是立方氮化硼(BN)的晶胞示意图，立方金刚石、碳化硅(SiC)结构均与其相似，三者晶体中键长数据如下表。
晶体键长(pm)立方氮化硼(BN)157立方金刚石154碳化硅(SiC)184(3)已知尿素[CO(NH2)2]结构中，碳、氮、氧原子均在同一平面，判断碳原子的杂化方式(4)依据相关数据，比较上述三种晶体的莫氏硬度，并说明原因。
(5)立方氮化硼(BN)晶胞中含有个硼原子，距离硼原子最近的氮原子有个。
已知立方氮化硼晶体的密度为3.20g·cm−3，N A为阿伏加德罗常数，则该晶体晶胞边长的表达式为cm。
(用含N A的式子表达)已知：M(B) =10.8 g·mol−1，M(N)=14.0 g·mol−1(6)六方氮化硼(BN)的结构与石墨相似，俗称“白石墨”，其结构如下图所示，若要区分某BN 样品是六方氮化硼(BN)还是立方氮化硼(BN)下列方法可行的是___________。
A．晶体X射线衍射B．原子发射光谱C．质谱D．测定晶体的莫氏硬度2．Ⅰ.甲醇是一种理想的储氢载体，我国科学家研发的全球首套太阳能燃料合成项目被称为“液态阳光”计划，可利用太阳能电解水产生H2，再将CO2与H2转化为甲醇，以实现碳中和。
上海市普陀区2015届高三上学期期末考试(一模)物理试卷及答案
普陀区2014学年度第一学期高三质量调研物理卷请考生注意：1. 本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
2. 本试卷g取10m/s2。
3. 请将答案填写在答题卡上。
第I卷(共56分)一．单项选择题（共16分，每題2分，每题只有一个正确选项。
）1. “韦/米2”为磁感应强度的单位，它和下面哪个单位相同A. 牛/（安·米）B. 牛·安/米C. 牛·安/米2D. 牛/（安·米2）2. 关于惯性，下列说法中正确的是A. 静止的物体没有惯性B. 物体运动速度大时惯性大C. 航天员在空间站中失去惯性D. 物体在任何情况下都有惯性3. 对于万有引力定律的表达式，下列说法正确的是A．G是引力常量，是人为规定的B．当r等于零时，万有引力为无穷大C．两物体受到的引力总是大小相等，与两物体质量是否相等无关D．r是两物体间最近的距离4．如图，当逻辑电路中的A、B两端分别输入电信号“1”和“0”时，在C和D端输出的电信号分别为A．1和0 B．1和1C．0和1 D．0和05. 如图，一颗小弹丸从离水面不高处落入水中，溅起的几个小水珠可以跳得很高（不计能量损失），下列说法正确的是A．小弹丸下落时具有的重力势能等于几个水珠在最高点的重力势能B．小弹丸下落时具有的重力势能大于几个水珠在最高点的重力势能C．小弹丸下落时具有的重力势能小于几个水珠在最高点的重力势能D．小水珠跳起的高度超过弹丸下落的高度,是违背能量守恒的6．如图，一辆轿车正在水平路面上转弯时，下列说法正确的是A．水平路面对轿车弹力的方向斜向上B．轿车受到的向心力来源于静摩擦力C．轿车受到的向心力是重力、支持力和牵引力的合力D．轿车加速度的方向一定垂直于运动路线的切线方向7. 如图，绝缘金属小球A、B带同种电荷，用丝线相连。
A球固定不动，B球从丝线处于水平位置由静止开始释放。
下列说法正确的是A. B球的电势能增加B. B球的电势能减小C. A、B球所带电荷量越多，电场力对B球做功越大D. B球到达最低点时的速度与小球所带电荷量无关8. 如图，在水平放置的螺线管的中央，放着一个可绕水平轴OO ’自由转动的闭合线圈abcd ，轴OO ’与螺线管的轴线垂直，ab 边在OO ’轴的左上方，闭合k 的瞬间，关于线圈的运动情况，下列说法正确的是A. 不转动B. ab 边向左转动C. ab 边向右转动D. 转动的方向与螺线管中的电流方向有关二、单项选择题（共24分，每题3分，每题只有一个正确选项。
2017届上海市普陀区高考二模试卷(含答案)
普陀区2016学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟，满分140分)考生注意：I.本试卷共12页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。
第1-20小题，第31-70小题，均由机器阅卷，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
第21-30小题，第IV, V大题(即第72-75小题)和VI大题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund.Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. “Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,” the report says.“Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do see particularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.”The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. “One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,” said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Societ y of London. “On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, andthat means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to ____31____ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three ____32____ traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasm for ____33____ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ____34____ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion (共情)You can't forget that organizational success ____35____ from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you’d like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal ____36____ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people’s needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and ____37____ to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of ____38____ employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ____39____ the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ____40____, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____41____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____42____ as big heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____43____ because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can t ____44____ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a t ____45____ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggressionIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it _______because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can _______ the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a ______side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with ________consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain _______,even if a boxer has never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like _______sports , and so do I , but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hittingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly ----it’s been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister , as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole . On the way , he meets Victor Frankenstein , who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the sur name of the guy who creates the monster . The monster doesn’t actually have a game . Anyway , Victor is a scientist who’s desperate to discover the secret of life . After years of study , he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life . Victor intends it to be beautiful . Unfortunately , the creature turns out really hideous , and Victor runs away in terror . Although the monster is good and kind , humans are scared of it . When they mistreat it , the monster becomes angry and evil . Wanting revenge on its creator , the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’s brother , his wife , and his best friend . When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths , he swears to track it down and kill it .This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment . The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason , and gave rise to the scientific method . Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein , “ He is a neg ative example of an Enlightenment scientist -------he pursues knowledge at any cost , and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him , as well as his friends and family .” Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as neces sary for the advancement of science , but not Mary Shelley . She and her husband , poet Percy Shelly , were part of the Romanic Movement in art and literature . Romancism was a reacrion against the Enlightenment’s embrace of rationality and reason . The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality , and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature . Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley , Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough ------she says that by tempering with nature , he brings about complete disaster . Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel . It’s also considered one of the first major works of science fiction . It influences a whole generation of writers , and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to ‘hideous’ in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship58. How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an era of literary discovery .59. What effect did “ F rankenstein” have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without ________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28c. application form D. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someone else.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare.The ‘ Phone Stack(堆)’GameWhenever Michael Carl , the fashion market director at Vanity Fair , goes out to dinner with friends , he plays something, called the “ phone stack” game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill . As smartphones continue to burrow(钻入) their way into our lives , and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further , overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks .“Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need ,” Lesley M. M. Blume , a Ne w York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home .” The expectation that we must always be available to employers ,colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time . But that private time is more important than ever. “ Much of the digital detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home , where urgent e-mails from co-workers , texts from friends , Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox , like the milk tin that Brandon Holley , the former editor of lucky magazine , uses. “ If my phones is buzzing or lighting up , it’s still a distraction , so it goes in the box . “, said Ms. Holley , who lives in a r ow house in Red Hook , Brooklyn , with her son ,Smith , and husband , John .” It’s not something I want my kid to see.” Sleep is a big factor , which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom.” I don’t want to sleep next to something t hat is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails ,” said Peter Som , the fashion designer , who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight .” “It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly .”Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected , with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits . But it’s not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit . Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings ,whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition . The phone-stack game is a lighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out . The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles , posted the idea online.63. What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the “ phone stack” game?A. His friends aren’t willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .64.Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people’s family life.65. What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox66. Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents’ behaviorD. The game meets people’s demand for keeping away from phones easilySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Any apple today ?”, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just them .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.___________Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .” Here , darling , “ I said , “ is what I owe you ,” _____________” Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.” “ I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .___________At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. Whilethere is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。
2016-2017学年高一物理1练习：第5章 力与平衡 第5章测评A 含答案
第5章测评A（基础过关）一、选择题（本题共8小题，每小题6分,共48分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，1~5题只有一个符合题目要求，6~8题有多个选项符合题目要求)1。
用两根绳子吊起一重物,使重物保持静止，若逐渐增大两绳之间的夹角，则两绳对重物的拉力的合力变化情况是( ）A。
不变 B.减小C.增大D。
无法确定解析:两绳拉力的合力始终与物体的重力相平衡.答案：A2。
已知两个共点力的合力为50 N,分力F1的方向与合力F的方向成30°角,分力F2的大小为30 N。
则（）A。
F1的大小是唯一的B。
F2的方向是唯一的C.F2有两个可能的方向D.F2可取任意方向解析:由于F2=30 N>F sin 30°=25 N，故由力的矢量三角形定则可知,F1可能有两个值，F2有两个可能的方向，如图所示。
答案:C3.如图所示,一个半球形的碗放在桌面上,碗口水平,O 点为其球心，碗的内表面及碗口是光滑的。
一根细线跨在碗口上,线的两端分别系有质量为m 1和m 2的小球。
当它们处于平衡状态时，质量为m 1的小球与O 点的连线与水平线的夹角为α=90°,质量为m 2的小球位于水平地面上，设此时质量为m 2的小球对地面压力大小为N,细线的拉力大小为F,则（ )A 。
N=(m 2—m 1）g B.N=m 2g C.F=√22m 1g D 。
F=(m 2-√22m 1)g解析:分析小球m 1的受力情况，由物体的平衡条件可得,绳的拉力F=0,故C 、D 均错误;分析m 2受力,由平衡条件可得N=m 2g,故A 错误,B 正确。
答案:B4。
如图所示,用完全相同的轻弹簧A 、B 、C 将两个相同的小球连接并悬挂，小球处于静止状态，弹簧A 与竖直方向的夹角为30°,弹簧C 水平，则弹簧A 、C 的拉力之比为( )A.√3∶4B.4∶√3C.1∶2D 。
2∶1解析：选两个小球及弹簧B 作为一个整体进行受力分析，在水平方向上有F A sin 30°=F C ,则F A FC=2，选项D 正确.答案:D5.如图所示，石拱桥的正中央有一质量为m 的对称楔形石块,侧面与竖直方向的夹角为α，重力加速度为g 。
上海市浦东新区第一署2016-2017学年第二学期8年级物理期中试题和答案
2016学年第二学期初二物理阶段质量调研试卷一、选择题：（本大题共10题，每题2分，满分20分）1．如图1所示科学家对“运动和力的关系”的探索历程的正确排列顺序为（ ）A ．(a)、(b)、(c)B ．(a)、(c)、(b)C ．(c)、(a)、(b)D ．(b)、(a)、(c) 2．地铁列车在进站减速过程中，其惯性 （ ）A ．变小B ．不变C ．先变大后不变D ．先变大后变小 3．如图2所示，一轻质硬棒在F 1、F 2两个力的作用下处于静止，则硬棒的支点可能在杠杆上 （ ）A ．A 点B ．B 点C ．C 点D ．D点4．如图3所示的两种情况中，OB ＝AB ，物体均重为G ，两轻质杠杆均处于水平平衡状态，比较力F 、F ＇的大小，满足关系式 （ ）A ．F =4F ＇B ．F =2F ＇C ．4F =F ＇D ．2F =F ＇5．如图4所示的简单机械中，属于费力杠杆的是 （ ）(a)亚里士多德 (b)牛顿 (c)伽利略图1F 1图3A ．撬棒B ．镊子C ．铡刀D ．开瓶器6．升国旗时，可以看到旗杆顶端有一个滑轮，下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．是定滑轮，可以省力 B ．是定滑轮，可以改变用力方向 C ．是动滑轮，可以省力D ．是动滑轮，可以改变用力方向7．如图5所示的四种情景中，人对物体做功的是 （ ）举着杠铃不动用力搬起箱子背着书包等车用力推车没推动A B C D8．起重机吊索用5000牛的拉力将重物匀速向上提升30米后，又以相同拉力水平匀速移动40米，吊索对重物做的功为 （ ） A ．1.5×105焦 B ．2×105焦 C ．3.5×105焦 D ．2.5×105焦 9．甲机器的功率为100瓦，乙机器的功率为200瓦，两台机器正常工作时，下列说法中正确的是 （ ）A ．甲机器做功一定多B ．乙机器做功一定多C ．甲机器做功一定快D ．乙机器做功一定快 10．下列过程中，重力势能转化为动能的是（ ）A ．溜溜球在上升B ．在水平路上的汽车速度增加C ．跳高运动员从起跳到越过横杆过程D ．跳水运动员空中下落过程二、填空题（本大题共8题，满分30分）11．一切物体总保持原来的________状态或________状态，直到有________迫使它改变这种状态为止。
上海市普陀区2017届高三上学期教学质量检测一模英语试题及答案word版.doc
普陀区2016-2017学年第一学期教学质量监测高三年级英语学科试卷2016.12 考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A10%Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard1. A.Relaxed B.Annoyed C. Worried. D. Satisfied2. A. On February 1st. B. On February 2nd.C. On February 3rdD. On February 8th.3. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber.4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. Ask for something cheaper B. Buy the purse she really likesC. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.6. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn’t planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university.7.A. The cafeteria isn’t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the cafeteria.C.The cafeteria is near the library.D. Coffee isn’t allowed in the library.8. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last.C.She will turn to her manager.D.She declines the man's offer.9. A. He doesn't mind helping the woman.B. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind.C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard.10. A. The washing machine is totally beyond repair.B.She will help Wendy prepare her annual report.C.Wendy should give priority to writing her report.D.The washing machine should be checked annually.Section B 15%Directions：In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because he always fired the waiters.B.Because he followed several waiters.C.Because he was a natural motivator.D.Because he seldom had a bad day.12. A. Give advice. B. Tell himself to be in a good mood.C. Choose to be a victim.D. Acce pt someone’s complaints.13.A. How to be a unique manager.B.We should be curious about unique people.C.Our choices may decide how we live our lives.D.We should do something after we wake up each morning.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. They are very generous in giving gifts.B.They refuse gifts when doing business.C.They regard gifts as a symbol of friendship.D.They give gifts only on special occasions.15.A. They enjoy giving gifts to other people.B.They spend a lot of time choosing gifts.C.They have to follow many specific rules.D.They pay attention to the quality of gifts.16.A. Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships.B.We must be aware of cultural difference in giving gifts.C.We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad.D.Reading extensively makes one a better gift-giver.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. She is enjoying her language study.B.She is enjoying her management study.C.She is not feeling very well at the moment.D.She is not happy about her study pressure.18. A. It is challenging. B. It is interesting. C. It is useful. D. It is difficult.19. A. She dislikes the food she eats.B. She is unable to sleep well.C. She finds the rent high.D. She has no chance to make friends.20. A. To try to make more friends.B.To try to change accommodation.C.To spend more time on English.D.To stop attending language classes.Grammar andvocabularySection A 10%Directions：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Importance of Accessibility AwarenessAt a recent meeting, people with disabilities talked about their lives. I was amazed to hear about the challenges (21) (face) by people with physical disabilities. However, (22)amazed me most was the great importance of education about handicap (残障）facilities.Two women who (23) (use) wheelchairs all their life are two important members of the National Group for Disabled Persons, devoted to (24) (raise) awareness about disabilities. They educate about all the facilities for people with disabilities. One big concern is the people who take advantage of aids, such as handicap parking spaces. So people (25)disabilities need to be educated about these facilities. And the meeting focused on educating the public.Some handicap spots have extra room next to them, marked with the “No Parking” signs. “(26) I'm not in the spot, I can take the no-parking area next to it/5 some people say. However, the women (27) use a wheelchair disagree to this. The space exists to allowsomeone in a wheelchair to have room to get in or out of their car. If there is a car in that space, the handicap parking spot is no longer useful.Some walkways have handrails next to them to help those who require extra assistance.(28) it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. Sometimes the rail is blocked, by a parked bicycle for instance, and consequently made useless. As with the parking spot, this is more likely a case of lack of education. People who (29) (inform) of the rail’s use would be less likely to mistake it for a bike rack(停放架).Meeting some of the people who are affected by the lack of education about facilities made me see that there is work to be done. If more people were educated about the proper uses of accommodations, there would be (30)_______(few) challenges for people with physical disabilities.Section B 10%Directions：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. gluedB. guiltyC. luxuriousD. portraitE. proudF. reflectedG. removedH. doubtsI. revealsJ. shadowK. suggestCould It Be a Work by Rembrandt（伦勃朗）Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are 31 whether some paintingsattributed (归属）to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One suchpainting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, andindeed the representation of the woman’s face is very much like that ofportraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with thepainting that 32 it could not be a work by Rembrandt.First, there is something inconsistent（不一致） about the way the woman in the 33 is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear—-yet the coat she is wearing has a 34 fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects' clothing, would not have been 35 of such an inconsistency.Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and 36 , but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated（照亮）by light 37 onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow, which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.Finally, examination of the back of the painting 38 that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood 39 together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels (面板)s no painting known to be by Rembrandt was painted in this way.For these reasons, the painting was 40 from the official catalog of Rembrandt’s paintings in the 1930s.Reading ComprehensionSection A 15%Directions：For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A Question of JudgmentHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that __41__ people the ability to make judgments which are independent of __42__ factors. But in a world of quotas（配额）and limits—__43___, the world in which most professional people operate—Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased(有偏见）by the daily samples they were working with. For example, he supposed that a judge fearful of appearing too soft on crime might be more likely to send someone to prison ___44___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants（被告）only to forced community service on that day.To __45_ this idea, Dr. Simonsohn. and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the ___46__ of an applicant should not depend on the few others ___47__ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews ___48___ by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale ___49___ numerous factors, including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were ___50___ used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is __51___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _52_ that, then the score for the next applicant would __53__ by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to reverse the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points thanwould otherwise have been necessary.As for why people behave this way, Dr. Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, interviewers might form the illogical expectation that a __54__ candidate “is due”. Regardless of the reason, if this sort of thinking proves to have a similar effect on the judgments of those in other fields, such as law and medicine, it could be responsible for far worse things than the __55__ of qualified business-school candidates.41. A. grants B. equips C. denies D. delivers42. A. minor B. external C. crucial D. objective43. A. above all B. not to mention C. on the whole D. in other words44. A. if B. until C. though D. unless45. A. test B. emphasize C. share D. promote46. A. decision B. quality C. status D. success47. A. found B. studied C. chosen D. identified48. A. inspired B. expressed C. conducted D. secured49. A. put B. got C. took D. gave50. A. instead B. then C. ever D. rather51. A. selected B. passed C. marked D. introduced52. A. below B. after C. above D. before53. A. jump B. float C. flow D. drop54. A. stronger B. weaker C. better D. worse55. A. rejection B. reception C. reputation D. recreationSection B 22%Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A).Roald Dahl - the author who entertained people with classics like Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and James and the Giant Peach - would have been 100 years old this year. Roald Dahl is most famous for the books he wrote for children, but he also wrote novels and short stories for adults, screenplays, and non-fiction, too!Roald Dahl was born near Cardiff, in Wales in 1916. His parents were from Norway, and they named him after Roald Amundsen, the famous Norwegian explorer. Roald was sent off to boarding school when he was only nine years old. He was very homesick, and had a hard time obeying the strict teachers and the headmaster. In those days, teachers would sometimes hit their students with a cane (藤条）when they misbehaved. This naturally made a lot of children very afraid of their teachers! Later on, Roald integrated this fear and distrust of adults into many of his children's books.During World War II, Roald joined the Royal Air Force and flew missions over Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. At one point, his plane crashed in the Libyan Desert. He was temporarily blinded, and stranded in the middle of nowhere with a cracked skull and a broken nose. Fortunately, he was rescued, and within a few months had made a complete recovery. After his injuries forced him to leave the Air Force, Roald began writing. His first published piece was a magazine article about his plane crash. During the 1950s, he became an accomplished writer of short stories for adults. These stories usually featured mystery, suspense, and a twist ending.In 1961, Roald published James and the Giant Peach, which tells the story of a young boy who attempts to escape from his two nasty, abusive aunts. The boy finally gets away by sailing across the ocean inside a magical. giant peach and befriends the giant bugs that live inside it. James and the Giant Peach was prompted by the bedtime stories Roald would make up for his young daughters. He said that it was a challenge to keep them interested and attentive--- he hadto make his stories funny, exciting, and original. In 1964, he wrote his most famous book--- Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, in which a poor boy wins a “golden ticket” to tour a mysterious world.56.How did Roald Dahl’s experiences in World War II influence his later writing?A.He was a pilot, and his first publication was about a plane crash.B.He was in Navy, and his first publication dealt with life aboard a ship.C.He was in the Army, and his first publication was set in Nazi-occupied Europe.D.He worked in a military factory, and his first publication was about factory life.57. Many of Roald Dahl’s children’s stories were inspired by______ .A. a vacation he took with his grandparentsB.his relationship with his parentsC.his time in the militaryD.his time away at boarding school58. What led Roald Dahl to write James and the Giant Peach?A.His lifelong love of peaches.B.The bedtime stories he told his daughters.C.The insects he found in his garden.D.The cruelty he experienced at the hands of his aunts.59. Which of these statements is an opinion about Roald Dahl?A.He was the greatest children's author of the 20th century.B.He published more than a dozen books for children.C.James and the Giant Peach was his first book for children.D.Several of his books were adapted into successful movies.(B)Holidaylocation Mountain Lodge A unique wilderness retreat on the edge of the WorldHeritage-listed National Park Pelican Resort A true coral island right on theGreat Barrier Reef (大堡礁） Cedar Lodge Amixture of casual atmosphere and rich rainforest surroundings forPrice*$330 $580 $740 Number of nights 2 4 4Daily meals included in Mountain buffet breakfast Free soft drink always available Hot breakfast Beach picnic lunch 4-course dinner Tropical breakfast Picnic lunch (optional extra)Comments Free canoeing Free talks in the evening Free open-air tennis courts Horse-riding (optionalextra)Renovation: resort will close for May Free minibus trip around island Oldest living rainforestFree bikes and tenniscourts; horse-riding extra Transportto/from Self-drive auto 1h 15m Bus three times/week approx.2 hours 1/2 hour by minibus 10 mins by taxi60. Which holiday location doesn’t welcome young children?A. Mountain Lodge.B. Pelican Resort.B. Cedar Lodge. D. None of the above.61. According to the holiday advertisement, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Both Mountain Lodge and Pelican Resort are close to the coast.B. Tourists can't visit Pelican Resort in May because of the restoration.C. All meals are included if tourists choose to go to the Pelican Resort.D. Canoeing and cycling are provided at no extra cost at Cedar Lodge.62. A holiday in Mountain Lodge for a couple with 12-year-old twin girls and a 3-year-old boy costs*Price ： per person, per package, twin shareChildren 11 years and under are 50%. Children 4 years and under are free.A.$825B. $990C. $1320D. $1650(C)France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary （初步）approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on catwalks. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that advocate “excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to health, as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends to women, especially teenage girls, about the social standard they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men) that they should not let others be judges of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to other qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero orwasp-waist (黄蜂腰体型).The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material decoration and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and punishments regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter(伦理准则）dearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for theimpact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.^ Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate concepts of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.63. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New catwalks would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would boom.D.The fashion industry would decline.64. The phrase “impinging on”（Line2, Para2) is closest in meaning to ______ .A. increasing the value ofB. indicating the state ofC. losing faith inD. doing harm to65. Which of the following is TRUE of the fashion industry?A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.66. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?A.Just Another Struggle for BeautyB. A Prospect for the Starving Models in FranceC A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body IdealsC.Threats io the Fashion IndustrySection C 8%Directions：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In 2009, the number of hungry people in the world reached one billion for the first time. It's difficult not to be shocked by the fact that more than one in seven people in the world do not have enough to eat. __67__ Hunger kills more people per year than diseases such as AIDS, malaria (症疾）and TB(肺结核）combined.The UN estimates that almost two thirds of the world's hungry people are in Asia, which is of course the world's most populous continent. __68__ Although this region has a much lower population than Asia, it has the highest percentage of hungry people. Almost all of the rest are in Latin America, North Africa and the Caribbean. In the richest regions of the world there are only a tiny number of people who don't have enough to eat.__69__ They include wars, droughts, floods, and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessmen for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.Although many people make the obvious point that there would be less hunger if the global population were smaller, few people would argue that there is not enough food to go around. The basic problem seems to be not a lack of food, but its distribution. In the last 50 years, global food production has risen even more quickly than the global population. There are many areas of the world in which people generally have more than enough food. __70__ The answer to world hunger, therefore, may be a balanced food distribution around the whole world. Everyone will have enough to eat, but not overeat.Summary Writing 10%Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Teaching Is “One of the Least Popular Jobs in the UK”The UK government has just published a report on the future of secondary school teaching, and the conclusion of the report is that many secondary schools now face great difficulties in finding people who want to be teachers. Since the 1980s, the number of graduates who would “seriously consider” teaching as a car eer has fallen sharply, from 64% in 1982 to just 17% today. The report suggests that urgent action needs to be taken in order to encourage more intelligent young graduates into teaching.The main drawback（缺点）of secondary teaching, according to the report, is the low salary. Earnings in teaching are much lower than in many other jobs. Joanne Manners, 24, is a good example: “I graduated in maths last year, and I was thinking of doing a teacher-training course to become a maths teacher---but I saw I could earn twice as much if I worked in marketing or advertising, so I decided not to become a teacher.”It's not just about the money, however. The survey concluded that another reason why people donn’t want to be teachers is that some teenagers behave very badly in school. A lot of schools have problems with discipline, and it seems clear that children do not have the same respect for teachers as in the past. Here’s the view of Dave Hallam, an accountant from London: “I think parents are to blame. They should have stricter rules with their children at home and also teach their children to have more respect for teachers.”The report is clear that the problem of teacher shortage is a very serious one. It says that the government should raise teachers’ pay significantly, to catch up with workers in other professions. It also indicates that the government could launch a nationwide publicity campaign, with some advertisements on TV and in the newspapers, to show the positive sides of teaching to young people.Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.三轮激烈的电视辩论之后，Trump当选为美国总统。
上海市普陀区2024-2024学年高三上学期期末质量调研(一模)物理试题
上海市普陀区2024-2024学年高三上学期期末质量调研（一模）物理试题一、单选题 (共6题)第(1)题列车在平直轨道上由静止开始启动，启动过程受到的合外力F随时间变化的关系图像如图所示，列车达到额定功率后保持该功率不变，若列车所受阻力恒定，则（）A．时刻，列车刚达到额定功率B．时间内，列车的功率随时间增大得越来越慢C．时间内，列车的合力的功率随速率均匀减小D．时间内，列车先后做匀加速直线运动和匀速直线运动第(2)题镭射线具有治癌的功能，镭226的半衰期为1620年，镭226衰变为氡222的方程，反应，亏损质量为，已知1u相当于931.5MeV的能量。
下列说法正确的是（）A．该核衰变为β衰变B．该核反应释放的核能约为4.56MeVC．增加环境温度可以使镭226的半衰期变为810年D．经过3240年，100个镭226中将有75个镭226发生衰变第(3)题如图所示，将一块平凹形玻璃板倒扣在另一块平板玻璃之上，从而在两块玻璃之间形成一层空气薄膜，玻璃板的一边沿x方向，用平行单色光向下垂直照射平凹形玻璃板，观察到的干涉条纹形状可能正确的是（）A．B．C．D．第(4)题如图甲所示是家用台灯亮度调节原理图，理想自耦变压器的a、b间接入如图乙所示正弦交流电压。
交流电流表A为理想电表，灯泡额定电压为15V、额定功率30W（设灯泡的电阻值保持不变），当P在c处时灯泡正常发光。
下列描述正确的有（ ）A．灯泡正常发光时变压器线圈的总匝数与c点下方的匝数之比为B．当灯泡正常发光时电流表的读数为2AC．将调压端的滑动触头P向下移动时，变压器的输入功率变小D．将调压端的滑动触头P向下移动时，变压器的输入电压变小第(5)题如图所示为某缓冲装置模型，轻质弹簧与轻杆相连，轻杆可在固定的槽内沿水平方向左右移动，轻杆与槽间的最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力。
现小车以水平速度撞击弹簧，轻杆恰好向右移动距离l，不计小车与地面间的摩擦，则（ ）A．轻杆移动距离l的过程中先做匀加速再做匀减速运动B．弹簧被压缩最短时，轻杆的速度达到最大C．根据小车运动的对称性可知，小车以的速率被弹簧弹回D．弹簧的弹性势能最大时，轻杆向右加速的加速度达到最大第(6)题如图所示是法拉第圆盘发电机，圆盘半径为r，圆盘处于磁感应强度为B，方向竖直向上的匀强磁场中。
2025届上海市普陀区高三上学期一模英语试题
普陀区2024学年第一学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷考生注意:1.考试时间105分钟，试卷满分115分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Why Has the Great Wall Preserved So Well?The Great Wall, a symbol of ancient civilization, stretches across northern China. Despite its grandeur, (1) remains today is only a part of its former self, due to the wear and damage caused by time and nature.However, a recent discovery reveals that nature (2) might be playing a crucial role in preserving this historical wonder. Thin layers of bacteria and other organisms, known as biocrusts, have been considered (3) (protect) sections of the Great Wall, sheltering it from wind and rain, and other destructive elements.A study published in Science Advances highlights the significant role these “living skins” play in conserving this ancient architectural marvel. (4) advances in technology and research, scientists are now exploring the potential of cultivating new biocrusts to prevent further degradation of the Wall.Nichole Barger, an ecologist, praises the study as “innovative and creative", noting that the protective effects of biocrusts (5) (gain) increasing recognition in recent years. It is acknowledged that dryland ecosystems (6) (stabilize) and soil erosion(侵蚀)is prevented by these biological layers.(7) the more famous sections of the Great Wall are constructed from stones or bricks, other parts were built using packed soil. Yet, the same packed soils can also host biocrusts,(8) cover about 12% of the Earth's land surface, particularly in dry regions like northern China. These biocrusts vary in form, (9) (range) from thin bacterial networks to thicker layers of lichen (青苔).Soil scientist Bo Xiao from the China Agricultural University, along with his colleagues, conducted a study to investigate the role of biocrusts in preserving the Great Wall. Their research revealed that biocrusts, primarily (10) (compose) of moss or bacteria, covered more than two-thirds of the Wall's surface in the areas they examined. By studying the physical properties, they made a significant discovery.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that thereFind Your Life’s WorkEveryone has their own life values. You wonder what your vocation is and where you could successfully 11 your potential? Here are some tips.·Turn Passion into ProfitDo not 12 this statement: find something you like and you won't have to work a day. There is no better 13 than getting good money for your hobby. So, think about what you really like to do even for free. Even if you only love to play online games and taste delicious food, you can go for cooking or tasting, game development or go into e-sports, start a thematic blog - as you can see, there are a lot of options.·Imagine an Ideal WorldAnother way to understand what is most important to you is to reflect on what an ideal world should look like. Perhaps your purpose is 14 to bring the real world closer to this ideal image. Don't limit yourself to 15 . Let go of fantasy and let yourself just dream. Write down any thoughts that come to mind. Pay attention to all the details and 16 ,and then think about how to translate them into reality.·Recall Your Best MomentsTo determine your top 17 , think about the moments in which you experienced the greatest joy. What has given you the most satisfaction in the past? Take a little time and remember all the times when you were sincerely glad. So, you will understand what your main 18 are at this stage of life.·Create a RoadmapYou've identified your goals. Now, develop a detailed plan, like drawing a map from your current life to your desired future. Find the best route from point A to point B. Think about what skills you need to 19 and what daily habits are worth adding to your life. The more specific points you put on the map, the easier it will be to 20 them and start moving towards your goal.II. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In Indonesia, researchers recently captured a remarkable behavior on video. A wild ape named Rakus, with a deep wound on his cheek, was seen 21 a kind of leaves, chewing them up, and applying them to his injury. Surprisingly, the wound healed without infection. Studies reveal that these plants have medical properties, which likely 22 his recovery. Rakus's actions demonstrate a deep understanding of botany -a knowledge of plants few humans 23 today.Although our collective knowledge of plant science grows, individual 24 of plants is declining. In modern life, while we still depend on plants for survival, fewer people find it necessary to know much about them 25 . Most of us rely on botanists to identify and understand plants, trusting their expertise (专门知识) to ensure our wellbeing. However, the number of professional botanists is shrinking, and this 26 has raised concerns within the field.The National Center for Education Statistics sounded an early alarm in 2015, noting that the number of botany degrees awarded in the United States had fallen below 400. While that number has since 27 slightly, with 489 degrees awarded in 2023, the number of institutions offering botany degrees continues to decline, from 76 in 2002 to 59 in 2023. “Botany Ph.Ds. are disappearing," says Kathryn Parsley, a biologist who focuses on plants but didn't pursue a botany degree due to limited 28 .Funding shifts are a primary factor leading to botany's decline. The National Science Foundation(NSF), 29 , has moved its funding priorities away from traditional botany, 30applied sciences with economic potential. This 31 impacts university funding decisions, leading many schools to reduce or eliminate botany programs.The declining 32 in botany is further driven by “plant blindness,” a phenomenon where people ignore plants in their environment, failing to recognize their importance. In the United States and the United Kingdom, as botany professors retire, they are often not 33 , leaving a gap in plant expertise. This 34 could become a pressing issue, particularly in sectors like ecological restoration, where plant identification skills are crucial.While some botanists believe the field is evolving rather than disappearing, the demand for plant knowledgeremains critical. Proposed legislation, such as the Botany Bill in the U.S., seeks to preserve plant expertise. 45 ,the challenge of maintaining essential plant skills persists, highlighting the urgent need to recognize and address the value of botany.21. A.covering B.absorbing C.harvesting D.skipping22. A.accounted for B.put off C.took on D.resulted from23. A.revise B.enhance C.subscribe D.possess24. A.sampling B.understanding C.occupation anization25. A.personally B.originally C.naturally D.joyfully26. A.greed B.tradition C.impression D.trend27. A.endured B.stimulated C.recovered D.discounted28. A.edition B.availability C.research D.conservation29. A.for instance B.for sure C.in case D.on the other hand30. A.channeling B.equipping C.favoring D. blocking31. A.entry bination parison D.shift32. A.interest B.emergence C.intention D.evidence33. A.invited B.replaced C.registered D.involved34. unch B.shortage C.motive D.pattern35. A.Hence B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.NeverthelessSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)SummerhillThis is a story of a modern school—Summerhill. Summerhill began as an experimental school. It is no longer such; it is now a demonstration school, for it demonstrates that freedom works. When my wife and I began the school, we had one main philosophy: to make the school fit the child - instead of making the child fit the school.Obviously, a school that makes active children sit at desks studying mostly useless subjects is a bad school. It is a good school only for those who believe in such a school, for those uncreative citizens who want obedient, uncreative children who will fit into a civilization whose standard of success is fame and fortune.I had taught in ordinary schools for many years. I knew the other way well. I knew it was all wrong. It was wrong because it was based on an adult conception of what a child should be and of how a child should learn.Well, we set out to make a school in which we should allow children freedom to be themselves. In order to do this, we had to abandon all disciplines, all directions, all suggestions, all moral training, and all religious instructions. We have been called brave, but it did not require courage. All it required was what we had—a complete belief in the child as a good, not an evil, being.My view is that a child is born wise and realistic. If left to himself without adult suggestions of any kind, he will develop as far as he is capable of developing. Logically, Summerhill is a place in which people who have the inherent ability and wish to be scholars will be scholars; while those who are only fit to sweep the streets will sweep the streets. But we have not produced a street cleaner so far. Nor do I write this snobbishly (势利的), for I would rather see a school produce a happy street cleaner than an anxious scholar.36. According to the passage, what was the primary idea behind starting Summerhill School?A. To ensure students become happy scholars.B. To focus on moral and religious instructions.C. To make the school adapt to the needs of each child.D. To make children suitable for the existing social system.37. The founders of Summerhill School believe that children .A. need strict discipline to be successfulB. are naturally wise and realisticC. should focus primarily on religious educationD. are more creative with adult guidance38.What is the main idea of the passage?A. Summerhill School uses a unique educational approach centered on giving children freedom.B. Summerhill School believes every child has the potential to become a successful scholar.C. Summerhill School rejects strict discipline and focuses on a child-centered environment.D. Summerhill School challenges the traditional model by emphasizing children's independence.39. Why does the author mention preferring a “happy street cleaner" to an “anxious scholar"?A. To encourage students to avoid becoming worried scholars.B. To emphasize that street cleaners are happier than scholars.C. To highlight the importance of a stress-free and enriching life.D. To demonstrate that Summerhill cares less about academic achievements.(B)The following texts explore different perspectives on the topic of reducing work hours. As you read, consider the arguments and evidence presented to understand the complexities of this issue.“Reducing work hours can actually boost productivity. Studies show that employees with a 4- day work week are more focused and efficient. With fewer hours, workers spend less time on non- productive activities, experiencing less burnout and higher job satisfaction. The traditional 40-hour work week is outdated; it doesn't fit with today's fast-paced work environments or mental health needs. Companies implementing shorter weeks have seen up to a 20% increase in productivity, indicating that quality often surpasses quantity.”—Dr: Maria Thompson, Behavioral Economist“Cutting work hours sounds appealing, but it's not feasible across all industries. Some sectors, like healthcare and manufacturing, require constant coverage. Reducing hours could lead to staff shortages, increased costs, and a heavier workload for remaining employees. Not every job or person fits into a reduced-hours model. While there may be productivity gains in specific cases, generalizing this approach could harm overall workforce stability and profitability. We must consider both economic realities and the varying needs across industries.”—Professor John Baker, Labor Relations Expert“The debate over shorter work weeks has become a hot topic, with advocates pointing to mental health and productivity benefits, while opponents warn of practical and economic challenges. While the 4-day work week works for some, it may not be a one-size-fits-all solution. A balance between flexible schedules and organizational needs may ultimately offer the best path forward."—Commentary from Industry Journal Workforce Weekly40.What is the main argument presented by Dr. Maria Thompson?A. Employees with shorter work weeks are less productive.B. The traditional 40-hour work week is still highly effective.C. Reducing work hours can increase efficiency and job satisfaction.D. Shorter work hours can lead to increased burnout and inefficiency.41. What concern does Professor John Baker raise about reducing work hours?A. It will decrease productivity across all industries.B. It may lead to higher expenses and staff shortage.C. Employees will be granted too much free time.D. The mental health of employees will worsen.42. Based on the texts, why might some companies resist adopting a 4-day work week?A. They are concerned it could reduce overall productivity.B. They believe all employees prefer a traditional schedule.C. They feel it unnecessary given current mental health trends.D. They worry it won't work for industries requiring constant staffing.(C)Art has always occupied a special place in society. Many people consider artists to be the ultimate authorities on the nature and expression of beauty. For much of history, the practice of art was mysterious, and artists were viewed as being somewhat odd and often mad. Even the word most commonly associated with artists—inspiration—has its own magical qualities. Literally,"inspiration” is the breathing in of a spirit. Artists were thought of as people who were uniquely inspired to create.Of course, artists contributed to this mythology (神话). Many artists credited their talents to the presence of some supernatural power.”Whole movements of art have centered on the supposedly otherworldly nature of art. For example, the Romantic poets believed that art was a term that meant an ultimate expression of beauty and truth. The search for this ideal led them to explore both natural and supernatural themes in their works.Another persistent view of art regarded its divorce from logic. Reason and logic were the province of scientists and philosophers, whereas creativity and insight were the area of the artists. The two separate aspects of the mind were supposed to remain distinct.But in 1704, a major breakthrough occurred. Sir Isaac Newton,mathematician and physicist, published his study of light, Opticks. One of Newton's major discoveries was on the nature of color. Using a prism (棱镜),Newton found that white light is actually composed of all the colors of the rainbow. He even provided a scientific explanation for the presence of rainbows. The artistic community was shocked. A scientist had taken a beautiful and magical experience and reduced it to the simple refraction of beams of light through the prism of a raindrop. A scientist had ventured into their sacred territory.More than a hundred years later, John Keats, one of the most famous Romantic poets, accused Newton of reducing beauty by “unweaving the rainbow." His colleague, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, famously remarked that the souls of five hundred Newtons would be needed to make one Shakespeare. And yet, from another perspective, Newton did not reduce the beauty of the rainbow; he enhanced it. In his search to uncover the secrets of the rainbow, Newton demonstrated the wonder, creativity, and inspiration of an artist. He also gave the world another opportunity to experience the sublime (绝妙). Newton's discovery paved the way for the development of the science of spectroscopy, a way of analyzing the chemical makeup of light. Now scientists can look at the stars and know their composition. The sense of wonder this ability creates is not much different from the wonder the poet or artist feels when staring at those same stars.43. According to the passage, what was the common view of artists in history?A. Artists were considered logical and rational.B. Artists were seen as inspired and somewhat strange.C. Artists were primarily focused on scientific discovery.D. Artists were thought to be without any supernatural beliefs.44.How did the Romantic poets react to Newton's discovery about light and color?A. They believed it added a new dimension to the appreciation of beauty.B. They credited Newton's insights to mystical influences.C. They were inspired to integrate more scientific themes in their poetry.D. They felt it faded the poetic beauty of natural phenomena.45. Why does the author mention John Keats' and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's views on Isaac Newton?A. To emphasize the superior creativity of poets over scientists.B. To highlight the impact of scientific discoveries on artistic perception.C. To state that Shakespeare's knowledge of beauty was unmatched.D. To show that Romantic poets objected to scientific progress.46.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Artistic Interpretation of ScienceB. The Contrast between Art and LogicsC. The Interplay of Art and ScienceD. Isaac Newton's Influence on ArtsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can beLittle Miss MozartAn 11-year-old British composer earned comparisons with Mozart after her opera opened in Vienna to enthusiastic applause. Alma Deutscher, who lived in Surrey with her parents, was already world-famous as a violinist and pianist before her first full-length opera made its first performance on the Austrian stage.47 Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as “a bit like me”. Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere. During an interview with NBC's Today show, she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often resulted in a blank mind.48The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages. 49Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn't make much sense. Lots of people might have the same sized foot, but only one person could have written that melody.Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was “absolutely bowled over”when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation's Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online. 50 She said, “I love Mozart very much. He's probably my favourite composer, but I don't really like it when people call me ‘Little Miss Mozart’ because I don't like being called ‘little’. I'm very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring."III.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Price of WinningFourteen-year-old Angus sits on the bench, watching his baseball team play. He's out of the game because he made a mistake. For his coach, that's unacceptable—mistakes don't win games. But for most teens, the focus on winning isn't as important. In a recent study, 90% of teenagers said they would rather play and lose than sit on the sidelines and not play at all. For them, sports are about fun, learning, and being part of a team. However, for many coaches and parents, winning is everything, and they expect perfection from young players.Unfortunately, this pressure to win drives many kids away from organized sports early on. In competitive events, nearly every action a player makes is examined. Parents and coaches constantly shout instructions, sometimes yelling at kids for errors or missed shots. This intense environment doesn't let kids make their own choices or learn from their mistakes. Instead of enjoying the game, young players feel watched and judged every second. They lose the freedom to explore their abilities and develop naturally as athletes and individuals.The emphasis on winning creates deeper issues, too. Many kids feel anxious because they're only praised for scoring goals or winning races, not for trying hard or improving. Over time, this focus on results can harm their self-confidence, especially if they're often benched. They start to believe they're only valuable if they perform perfectly, which can make sports feel like a burden instead of a joy.Two months later, Angus is back playing baseball - but not on a team. He's at the park with friends, playing just for fun, and he's much happier. This raises an important question: How many potential champions will quit sports unless adults change their attitude? For young athletes to thrive, they need support and encouragement, not the pressure to always win.IV. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52.接到电话说航班已取消，她立刻出发去了火车站。
普陀区2011学年第一学期期末物理
2011学年度普陀区第一学期高三质量调研物理卷 2011.12.本试卷分第I 卷和第II 卷两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间120分钟。
本试卷g 取10m/s 2，sin37°＝0.6，cos37°＝0.8。
第I 卷(共56分)考生注意：1．答第一卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、姓名、学生考试编号，并用铅笔正确涂写学生考试编号。
答第二卷前，也务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、学生考试编号等项目内容在答题纸密封线内的相应位置上填写清楚。
2．第一卷（1—20小题），由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B 铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡上的编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择涂写，答案不能写在试卷上，写在试卷上一律不给分。
一．单项选择题.（共16分，每小題2分，每小题只有一个正确选项，请将答案涂写在答题卡上。
）1．把一根长直导线平行地放在如图所示磁针的正上方附近，当导线中有 电流通过时，磁针会发生偏转。
首先观察到这个实验现象的物理学家是A ．奥斯特B ．爱因斯坦C ．牛顿D ．伽利略2．物理学在研究实际问题时，常常进行科学抽象，即抓住研究问题的主要特征，不考虑与 当前研究问题无关或影响很小的因素，建立理想化模型．下列选项中不属于物理学中的理想 化模型的有A ．质点B ．力的合成C ．自由落体运动D ．点电荷3.如图所示，甲、乙两球作匀速圆周运动，向心加速度随半径变化。
由图像可以知道 A.甲球运动时，线速度大小发生改变 B.甲球运动时，角速度大小保持不变 C.乙球运动时，线速度大小保持不变 D.乙球运动时，角速度大小保持不变4. 下图中的几种家用电器工作时的电流最接近5A 的是I5．轿车行驶时的加速度大小是衡量轿车加速性能的一项重要指标。
近年来，一些高级轿车 的设计师在关注轿车加速度的同时，提出了一个新的概念，叫做“加速度的变化率”，用“加 速度的变化率”这一新的概念来描述轿车加速度随时间变化的快慢，并认为，轿车的加速度变化率越小，乘坐轿车的人感觉越舒适。
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27327P上海市普陀区2016-2017学年高三第一学期物理质量调研试卷（本卷g 取10m/s 2）一．单项选择题 1．平均速度定义式为t s v ∆∆=，当t ∆极短时，ts ∆∆可以表示物体在t 时刻的瞬时速度，该定义应用了下列哪种物理方法 （ ）A ．极限思想法B ．微元法C ．控制变量法D ．等效替代法2．已知声波在钢轨中传播的速度远大于在空气中传播的速度，则当声音由钢轨传到空气中时 （ ） A ．频率变小，波长变长 B ．频率变大，波长变短 C ．频率不变，波长变长 D ．频率不变，波长变短3．一定质量的理想气体沿图示状态变化方向从状态a 到状态b ，到状态 c 再回到状态a ．三个状态的体积分别为v a 、v b 、v c ，则它们的关系正确的是 （ ）A ．v a ＝v bB ．v a >v cC ．v b ＝327600v cD ．v c ＝32754v a 4．某物体以一定的初速度沿足够长的斜面从底端向上滑去，此后该物体的运动图象（图中x 是位移、v 是速度、t 是时间）不可能的是 （ ）（A ） （B ） （C ） （D ）5． 如图所示,小物体P 放在水平圆盘上随圆盘一起转动，下列关于小物体所受摩擦力f 的叙述正确的是 （ ） A ．f 的方向总是指向圆心 B ．圆盘匀速转动时f =0C ．在物体与轴O 的距离一定的条件下, f 跟圆盘转动的角速度成正比D ．在转速一定的条件下, f 跟物体到轴O 的距离成正比6．两个等量点电荷位于x 轴上，它们的静电场的电势ϕ随位置x 变化规律如图所示(只画出了部分区域内的电势)，x 轴上两点B 、C 点，且OB>OC ，由图可知（ ） A ．C 点的电势低于B 点的电势B ．B 点的场强大小大于C 点的场强大小，B 、C 点的电场方向相同 C ．正电荷可以在x 轴上B 、C 之间的某两点做往复运动D ．负电荷沿x 轴从B 移到C 的过程中电场力先做正功后作负功7．如图为竖直放置的上粗下细的玻璃管，水银柱将气体分隔成A 、B 两部分，初始温度相同。
使A 、B 升高相同温度达到稳定后，体积变化量为∆V A 、∆V B ，压强变化量为∆p A 、∆p B ，对液面压力的变化量为∆F A 、∆F B ，则（） A ．水银柱向下移动了一段距离B ．∆V A ＜∆VBC ．∆p A ＜∆p BD ．∆F A >∆F B8．在地质、地震、勘探、气象和地球物理等领域的研究中，需要精确的重力加速度g 值，g 值可由实验精确测定。
近年来测g 值的一种方法叫“对称自由下落法”，它是将测g 归于测长度和时间，以稳定的氦氖激光为长度标准，用光学干涉的方法测距离，以铷原子钟或其他手段测时间，能将g 值测得很准，具体做法是：将真空长直管沿竖直方向放置，自其中O 点向上抛小球又落至原处的时间为T 2，在小球运动过程中经过比O 点高H 的P 点，小球离开P 点至又回到P 点所用的时间为T 1，测得T 1 、T 2和H ，可求得g 等于 ( )A ．22218H T T - B ．22214H T T - C ．()2218H T T - D ．()2214HT T - 9．一质量为M 的探空气球在匀速下降，若气球所受浮力F 始终保持不变，气球在运动过程中所受阻力仅与速率有关，重力加速度为g ．现欲使该气球以同样速率匀速上升，则需从气球吊篮中减少的质量为 （ ） A ．2（M －F/g ） B ．M －2F/g C ．2M －F/g D ．M －F/g10．运动员从高山悬崖上跳伞，伞打开前可看作是自由落体运动，开伞后减速下降，最后匀速下落。
v 、F 合、E P 和E 分别表示速度、合外力、重力势能和机械能。
在整个过程中，下列图像可能符合事实的是（其中t 、h 分别表示下落的时间和高度）（ ）二．多项选择题11．某物体以30m/s 的初速度竖直上抛，不计空气阻力，g 取10m/s 2。
4s 内物体的（ ） A ．路程为50mB ．位移大小为40m ，方向向上C ．速度改变量的大小为20m/s ，方向向下D ．平均速度大小为10m/s ，方向向上12．在光滑水平桌面中央固定一边长为0.3m 的小正三棱柱abc ，俯视如图。
长度为L =1m 的细线，一端固定在a 点，另一端拴住一个质量为m =0.5kg 、不计大小的小球。
初始时刻，把细线拉直在ca 的延长线上，并给小球以v 0=2m/s 且垂直于细线方向的水平速度，由于光滑棱柱的存在，细线逐渐缠绕在棱柱上（不计细线与三棱柱碰撞过程中的能量损失）。
已知细线所能承受的最大张力为7N ，则下列说法中正确的是： （ ） A ．细线断裂之前，小球速度的大小保持不变B ．细线断裂之前，小球的速度逐渐减小C ．细线断裂之前，小球运动的总时间为0.7π sD ．细线断裂之前，小球运动的位移大小为0.9 m13．一列向右传播的横波在t ＝0时的波形如图所示，A 、B 两质点间距为8m ，B 、C 两质点平衡位置的间距为3m ，当t ＝1s 时，质点C 恰好通过平衡位置，该波的波速可能为 （ ）cA ．13m/s B ．1m/s C ．13m/s D ．17m/s14．如图所示，倾角θ=30°的斜面固定在地面上，长为L 、质量为m 、粗细均匀、质量分布均匀的软绳AB 置于斜面上，与斜面间动摩擦因数2/3=μ,其A 端与斜面顶端平齐。
用细线将质量也为m 的物块与软绳连接，给物块向下的初速度，使软绳B 端到达斜面顶端（此时物块未到达地面），在此过程中( )A ．物块的速度始终减小B ．软绳上滑L 91时速度最小C ．软绳重力势能共减少了mgL 41D ．软绳减少的重力势能一定小于其增加的动能与克服摩擦力所做的功之和三．填空题.15．如图所示，一定质量的理想气体从状态C 沿右图所示实线变化到状态A 再到状态B 。
在0℃时气体压强为p 0＝3atm ，体积为V 0＝100mL ，那么气体在状态A 的压强为P A =_______atm ，在状态B 的体积为V B =_______mL 。
16．如图，圆环质量为M ，经过环心的竖直钢丝AB 上套有一质量为m 的球，今将小球沿钢丝AB 以初速v 0竖直向上抛出。
致使大圆环对地无作用力，则小球上升的加速度为a=__________。
小球能上升的最大高度为H=__________。
（设AB 钢丝足够长，小球不能达到A 点）17．如图所示，一块粗糙的平板与水平面成θ角搭成一个斜面（其下面是空的），斜面上放着一个质量为m 的小物块，一根细绳一端系着小物块，另一端通过斜面上的小孔穿到斜面下。
开始时细绳处于水平位置，小物块与小孔之间的距离为L 。
然后极慢的拉斜面下的细绳，小物块在斜面上恰好通过半圆形的轨迹后到达小孔（绳与斜面及小孔间的摩擦可忽略）。
则小物块与斜面间的动摩擦因数为μ=_____，此过程中作用在细绳上的拉力做功为W F =________。
18．如图所示，一个竖直放置半径为R 的半圆形轨道ABC ，B 是最低点，AC 与圆心O 在同一水平高度，1／4圆弧AB 表面是光滑的，圆弧BC 表面是粗糙的。
现有一根长也为R 、质量不计 的细杆EF ，上端连接质量为m 的小球E ，下端连接质量为2m 的小球F 。
E 球从A 点静止释放，两球一起沿轨道下滑，当E球到达最低点B 时速度刚好为零。
在下滑过程中，F 球经过B 点的瞬时速度大小是 ，)在E 球从A 运动到B 的过程中，两球克服摩擦力做功的大小是____________。
四．实验题19．为了测量大米的密度，某同学实验过程如下：1）取适量的大米，用天平测出其质量，然后将大米装入注射器内；2）缓慢推动活塞至某一位置，记录活塞所在位置的刻度1V ，通过压强传感器、数据采集器从计算机上读取此时气体的压强1P ；3）重复步骤（2），记录活塞在另一位置的刻度2V 和读取相应的气体的压强2P ；4）根据记录的数据，算出大米的密度。
（1）如果测得这些大米的质量为m kg ，则大米的密度的表达式为 ；（2）为了减小实验误差，在上述实验过程中，多测几组P 、V 的数据，然后作 图（单选题）。
A ．V p -B ．p V -C ．V p 1-D ．PV 1- 20．某探究小组设计了“用一把尺子测定动摩擦因数”的实验方案。
如图所示，将一个小球和一个滑块用细绳连接，跨在斜面上端。
开始时小球和滑块均静止，剪断细绳后，小球自由下落，滑块沿斜面下滑，可先后听到小球落地和滑块撞击挡板的声音，保持小球和滑块释放的位置不变，调整挡板位置，重复以上操作直到能同时听到小球落地的声音和滑块撞击挡板的声音。
用刻度尺测出小球下落的高度H 、滑块释放点与挡板处的高度差h 和沿斜面运动的位移x 。
(1)滑块沿斜面运动的加速度与重力加速度的比值为________。
(2)滑块与斜面间的动摩擦因数为__________________。
(3)以下能引起实验误差的是________。
a ．滑块的质量b ．当地重力加速度的大小c ．长度测量时的读数误差d ．小球落地和滑块撞击挡板不同时21．小汽车正在走进我们的家庭，一辆汽车性能的优劣，其油耗标准非常重要.而影响汽车油耗标准最主要的因素是其在行进中所受到的空气阻力。
人们发现汽车在高速行驶中所受到的空气阻力f (也称风阻)主要与两个因素有关：(1)汽车正面投影面积S ； (2)汽车行驶速度v 。
某研究人员在汽车风洞实验室中通过模拟实验得到下表所列数据：f= (要求用k表示比例系数)；22．在“DIS描绘电场等势线”的实验中,（1）给出下列器材，ab处的电源应选用____________，传感器应选用___________。
（用字母表示）。
A．6V的交流电源B．6V的直流电源C．100V的直流电源D．电压传感器E．电流传感器F．力传感器（2）（单选题）该实验装置如图所示，如果以c、d两个电极的连线为x轴，以c、d连线的中垂线为y轴，并将一个探针固定置于y轴上的某一点，合上开关S，而将另一探针由O点左侧沿x轴正方向移到O点右侧的过程中，则传感器示数的绝对值变化情况是（）A．逐渐增大B．逐渐减小C．先变大后变小D．先变小后变大五．计算题有长l2=6.6cm的空气柱，上部有长l3=44cm的水银柱，此时水银面恰好与管口平齐。
已知大气压强为p0=76cmHg。
如果使玻璃管绕底端在竖直平面内缓慢地转动一周，求在开口向下和转回到原来位置时管中空气柱的长度各为多少？（封入的气体可视为理想气体，在转动过程中没有发生漏气。
）24． 如图所示，MN 为光滑的水平面，NO 是一长度S =1.25m 、倾角为θ=37︒的光滑斜面(斜面体固定不动)，OP 为一粗糙的水平面。