物流英语Chapter4
Unit4 transportation and distribution物流专业英语 配送.
Text 1 Transportation Mode
coal timber grain haul bulk environmental inflexibility schedule terminal
n. 煤 n. 木材 n. 粮食，谷物 n. 拖拉，运输 adj. 大批的，散装的 adj. 环境的 n. 不变性 n. 时间表 n. 终点站，终端
Text 1 Transportation Mode
vehicle pollution congestion emerge maritime canal tremendously proportion emergency
n. 车辆，交通工具 n. 污染 n. 堵塞，阻塞 v. 显现，形成 adj. 海运的，海上的 n. 运河 adv. 非常的，惊人的 n. 部分，比例 n. 紧急情况，紧急事件
Text 1 Transportation Mode
【Para 3】Road Transportation（公路运输）
Road transport is widely used in inland delivery of goods. This mode tends to be used for higher-value and lower-volume cargo over relatively short distance. It is capable of providing a door to door service. It has not any break in the journey to change from one vehicle to another. So it can be flexible enough to perform “just-in-time” delivery. Any work place in the country can be serviced by road.
物流英语总结
Chapter11.Why is logistics important to meet customer’s requirements?The purpose of logistics is “to meet customers’ requirements”, with one being that logistics strategies and activities should be based upon customers’ wants and needs rather than the wants, needs and capabilities of other parties. Since different customers have different logistical needs and wants, a-size-fits-all logistics approach result in some customers being over-served while others are underserved.2.The definition of logisticsLogistics is part of supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet c ustomers’ requirements.3.What is the difference between effectiveness and efficiency?a)Broadly speaking, effectiveness can be thought of as” how well does a company do whatthey say they’re going to do.”b)In contrast, efficiency can be thought of as how well (or poorly) company resources are usedto achieve what a company promises it can do.4.Why is reverse logistics important?Reverse logistics is also likely to gain additional attention in the future because online purchases tend to have higher return rates than other types of purchases.5.What is the core concept of logistics?The development of logistics customer service is the core concept of modern logistics. From a customer service point of view, logistics is defined by scholars as: to the right cost and the right conditions, to ensure the right customer at the right time and right place, for the right product for availability, namely, the concept of logistics 6Rs.6.What is the importance of logistics?Logistics costs account for almost 10% of the Gross Domestic Product7.How do enterprise gain extra competitive advantages through logistics?a)The customer service level can beat his opponent, an important weapon to gain acompetitive advantage. Because products, prices and promotions can certainly offer customers value added, but the brutal competition make products and prices, promotions easily imitated by competitors.b)Defects and late deliveries are symptoms of quality problems in supply chain processes thatare all too apparent to the end-customer. Such problems negatively influence that customer’s loyalty.c)Time measures how long a customer has to wait in order to receive a given product orservice. Lead time means the time it take from the moment a customer places an order to the moment that customer receives the goods he or she specified. The time advantage is variously described as speed or responsiveness inpractice.Chapter21.The definition of warehouseThe warehouse is a point in the logistics system where a firm stores or holds raw materials, semi-finished goods, or finished goods for varying period of time.2.Why does warehouse add cost to the productsHolding goods in a warehouse stops or interrupts the flow of goods, adding cost to the product or products.3.The functions of warehousea)The warehouse serves several value-adding roles in a logistics system.b)The second function of warehousing may be, customer order product mixing.c)The third function of warehouse is to provide service.d)The fourth function of warehousing is protection against contingencies such astransportation delays, vendor stock-outs, or strikes.e)The fifth function of warehousing is to smooth operations in the manufacturing process.4.The goals of warehousingThe objective is to efficiently receive inventory, possibly store it until required by the market, assemble it into complete orders, and initiate movement to customer.5.The goals of handingThe overall objective of material handing is to eventually sort in bound shipments into unique customer assortments. The three primary handing activities are receiving, in-storage handing, and shipping.6.The definition of shippingShipping consists of order verification and transportation equipment loading.7.The focus of storage: individual characteristics8.Which factors influent storage logisticsThe most important product variables to consider in a storage plan are product volume, weight and storage requirements.Similarly, the storage plan should take into consideration product weight and special characteristics.9.The different between active storage and extended storagea)Warehouse that directly serve customers typically focus on active short-term storage.b)In contrast, warehouse use extended storage for speculative, seasonal, or obsoleteinventory.10.The definition of active storageStorage for basic inventory replenishment is referred to as active storage11.The feature of active storageActive storage must provide sufficient inventory to meet the periodic demands of the service area. For active storage, materials handling processes and technologies need to focus on quick movement and flexibility with relatively minimal consideration for extended and dense storage.12.The definition of extended storageRefers to inventory in excess of that required for normal replenishment of customer stocks.13.The feature of extended storageExtended storage uses materials handling processes and technologies that focus on maximum space utilization with minimal need for quick access.14.Product suit for extended storageSeasonal items, erratic demand items, product conditioning, goods are purchased on a speculative basis, the goods used to realize special discounts.15.Elements of WMSInbounding management, shelf operation, storage management, pickout operation, quality inspection and outbounding management.16.The focus of holding inventoriesA firm might want inventories at some level in their operations and they would also want to keep them at a minimum.17.The definition of inventoryInventory refers to stocks of anything necessary to do business.18.Why should firms control inventory some levelEach type represents money tied up until the inventory leaves the organization and is paid for. For this reason it is undesirable to hold greater stocks than necessary. On the other hand, inadequate levels of stock create danger of production hold-ups or failure to meet customer demand.19.The true costs of carrying inventoryThe true costs of carrying inventory include the direct costs of storage, insurance, taxes, etc. but also the cost of money tied up in inventory20.The goal of inventory managementBest practice inventory management involves simultaneously attempting to balance thecosts if inventory with the benefits of inventory.21.Why should we have inventory? The purposes of inventorya)The most important reason for having inventory is the convenience of having thingsavailable as and when required.b)Another factor is the possibility of cost reduction by taking advantage of bulk discountsfrom suppliers.c)We may also hold stocks as a buffer against things going wrongd)Inventory is required if an organization is to realize economies of scale in purchasing,transportation, or manufacturing.e)Balancing supply and demandf)Inventory makes it possible for each of a firm’s plants to specialize in the products that itmanufactures.g)Inventory is held as protection from uncertainties; that is. To prevent a stockout in the caseof variability in demand or variability in the replenishment cycle.Chapter31.Principles of choosing transportation modela)Speed of deliveryb)Certainty of timingc)Avoidance of damaged)Avoidance of loss though pilferagee)Ancillary servicesf)Freedom from interruption2.Pros and cons of each transportation models3.The definition of containerContainers are essential big boxes into which firms place small loads4.The feature of containerThe container permits economic and efficient transfer of unitized loads among different modes of transportation5.Advantage of containerizationa)The use of container, though an improvement over the conventional mode, does notdispense with the individual packing required for the cargo, and the cost of packing remains unreduced.b)The above clearly show that containerized traffic is far more efficient than the traditionalmode of transportation.c)The other advantages derivable from containerized traffic comprise minimization of lossesand simpler packaging.6.The cause of the high investmenta)First, the carriage if containers necessitates specific accommodations in the ship.b)Second, the manufacture or purchase of containers involves a considerable sum of money,especially when the number required is taken into account.c)Third, to meet the specific requirements for container ships, a special type of terminaldifferent form traditional berths is required.7.What the definition of intermodal transportation?Intermodal transport service refers to the use of two or more carriers of different modes in the through movement of a shipment.8.What are the respective features of piggyback fishyback and bridyback?a)Rail-truck, called piggyback. Piggyback adds the truck’s accessibility to the low cost of railservice.b)Truck-water refer to as fishyback. Fishyback couples motor accessibility with the low cost ofwater carriage.c)Birdyback, the combinations of air-truck. Birdyback combines the accessibility of motor withthe speed of the airline.9.What are the problems of intermodal transportation servicea)Carriers are reluctant to participate. Once one carrier can transport the commodity in theentire distance through its own lines, the carrier is still hesitant to coordinate with other carriers.b)Another problem with intermodal services is the transfer of freight from one mode toanother. This creates time delays and adds to transportation costs.10.What the feature of intermodal transportationIntermodal services maximize the primary advantages inherent in the combined modes and minimize their disadvantages.11.Why do enterprises need intermodal transportation?a)The basic reasons are the various modes’ service characteristics and costs.b)By manipulating the modes, a logistics manager can overcome a given mode’s servicedisadvantage and retain the mode’s basic advantage, usually low cost.Chapter41.Definition of packagingPackaging is the technique of preparing goods for distribution (methods of packaging using packaging machines or devices by hand. Marketing, production and legality. Attracting attention)2.Function of packagingContainment; production and preservation; communication3.Containers of packagingBarrel; crate; wire bound box4.Techniques of packagingBlister packaging; fin seal packaging; shrink wrapping; CAP5.Methods of packagingProtection from corrosion; protection from damage6.What’re the respective feature of consumer packaging and industrialpackaging?a)Consumer packaging (interior packaging), which mainly aims at containing the goods,promoting the sale of it and facilitating use of it, is of little value to logistics operation.b)Industrial packaging (exterior packaging) has a significant impact on the cost andproductivity of logistics.7.What functions should industrial packaging perform to meet logisticsrequirements?a)First, it should protect the goods from damage during handing, storing and transportation.b)Second, it should promote logistical efficiency.c)The third important logistical packaging function is communication or information transfer.8.What information can be provided in the packaging?Identify; traceability; instructions9.The definition of traceabilityTraceability is defined as ”the ability to trace the history, application or location of an entity by means of recorded identifications.”Chapter51.When do exchange occur?Exchange takes place when there is a discrepancy between the amount, type, and timing of goods available and the goods needed. If a number of individuals or organizations within the society have a surplus of goods that someone else needs, there is basis for exchange.2.What’s the goal of distribution management?The extent to which a channel of distribution creates an efficient flow of products from the producer to the consumer is a major concern of management.3.How do manufactures market their products?a)Select the appropriate channel structure.b)Choose the intermediaries to be used and establish policies regarding channel members.c)Devise information and control systems to ensure that performance objectives are met.d)Due to the dynamic nature of the business environment, management must monitor andevaluate the performance of the distribution channel regularly and frequently.4.What is a channel of distribution?A channelof distribution can be defined as the collection of organization units, either internal or external to the manufacture, which performs the functions involved in product marketing.5.What’re the marketing functions?They include buying, selling, transporting’ storing, grading, financing, bearing market risk, and providing marketing information.6.What’re the channel structure affects?a)Control over the performance of functionsb)The speed of delivery and communicationc)The cost of operations7.What’s the difference between direct channel and indirect?a)While a manufacture-to-user channel usually gives management great control over theperformance of marketing functions, distribution costs are higher, making it necessary for the firm to have substantial sales volume or market concentration.b)With indirect channel, the external institutions or agencies (warehouse holder, wholesalers,retails) assume much of the cost burden and risk, but the manufacturer receives less revenue per unit.8.Definition of DCDistribution centers are the place store goods for short amounts of time during their journeys between points of production and to wholesale or retail outlets.9.Function of DCa)The sorting function and storageb)The function of the distribution center is integrating supplier resources, customer resourcesand product resources, it can also save transportation routes.10.What does sorting mean?The sorting function, meaning that they are the point at which goods are concentrated, and from this concentration a new and different assortment of goods is selected and moves forward to be dispersed to the next level.11.What are the step of sorting functiona)The functions involve taking, a heterogeneous supply of products and sorting them intostocks that are homogenous;b)Bringing together similar stocks from different sources;c)Breaking a homogenous supply into smaller lots;d)Building up assortments of small lots for reshipment, usually to retailers.Chapter61.Definition of ITCITC is the use of electronicprocess media for the collection, analysis and evaluation of data, and the transfer of information from one point to another.2.What’re functions of ITC in logisticsFlows of information in logistics and supply chains are as fundamental as the flows of goods and materials and people. Such information flows occur not only internally within companies, butalso between external suppliers, contractors, and customers.All the flows of physical goods, people and material are triggered by ITC. The whole logistics and supply chain process is kept moving by the supply of information and communication.The timing and quality of the information affects the quality of decision-making. Good information enables good decisions to be made. Inadequate or incorrect information leads to poor decisions.3.Why is information important in logistics managementa)First, satisfying, in fact pleasing, customers have become something of a corporateobsession.b)Second, information is a crucial factor in the managers’ abilities to reduce inventory andhuman resources requirements to a competitive level.c)Finally, information flows play an essential role in the Strategic Planning for and deploymentof resources.4.What’re the 3 levels of information required in logistics and how are the 3levels of information functionedStrategic, tactical and operational level.The strategic levels are mainly involved with medium-to-long-term planning. This level requires information on the following areas, typically for the senior managers in a business. It include: information about alternative suppliers; information of product ranges; information of stockholding; information of own-account operation or third party contractors; information of buying or leasing vehicles and demographic patterns.The operational level is mainly involved with shorter-term to minute-by-minute decisions such as dealing with contingencies and changes. This level requires information for typically the first line management and operatives in a business.These three levels overlap in a business. The information flows from top to bottom and also flows internally and externally.ICT will facilitate all these fundamental triggering, coordinating and controlling functions in logistics.5.Definition of E-CommerceElectronic commerce is the term used to describe the wide range of tools and technology utilized to conduct business in paperless environment.6.What activities does EC includea)Commercial transactions conducted by Internet, telephone and fax.b)Electronic banking and payment systems.c)Trade in digitized goods and services.d)Electronic purchasing and restocking systems (supply chain management).e)Business-to-business exchange of data.f)Delivery of goods and/or services purchased (order fulfillment), and customer service7.What’re the benefits of ECa)The benefits of E-Commerce include facilitation of information-based business processes forreaching and interacting with customers, online order taking, online customer service, etc.b)E-commerce also reduces costs in managing orders and interacting with a wide range ofsuppliers and trading partners, areas that typically add significant overheads to the cost of products and services.8.Make some explanation to ECa)E-commerce is a way of marketing and selling your products through the Internet.b)E-commerce can be defined as modern business methodology that addresses the needs ofthe organization, merchants and consumers to cut costs while improving the quality of goods and services and speed of service delivery.9.What benefits are included in EDIa)Quick access to informationb)Better customer servicec)Reduced paperworkd)Increased productivitye)Cost efficiencyf)Competitive advantage10.Definition of Bar coding and scanningBar coding and electronic scanning are identification technologies that facilitate information collection and exchange, allowing supply chain members to track and communicate movement details quickly with a greatly reduced probability of error.Chapter71.What’s supply chainEncompasses all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw materials stage (extraction), through to the user, as well as the associated information flows.2.What’s supply chain managementThe pipeline for the efficient and effective flow of product/ materials, services, information, and financials from the supplier’s suppliers through the various intermediate organizations/ companies out to the customer’s customers or the system of connected logistics network between the original vendors and the ultimate final consumer.3.As a consumer, are you part of supply chainThere are five components in the supply chain involving supplier, producer, wholesaler, retailer and customer4.What’s the goal of supply chain managementThe goal and objectives of individual supply chain participants should be compatible with the goal and objectives of other participants in the supply chain5.What are the contents included in SCMThere are many contents in supply chain management such as supply chain planning, supply chain enterprise applications, supply chain operations, procurement product lifecycle management, logistics and supply chain strategy.6.What are the barriers to supply chain managementa)Regulatory and political considerationsb)Lack of top management commitmentc)Reluctance to share, or use, relevant datad)Incompatible information systemse)Incompatible corporate cultures7.What are the primary methods organizations can pursue when attemptingto integrate their supply chain?Broadly speaking, organizations can pursue three primary methods when attempting to integrate their supply chains.a)One method is through vertical integration, where one organization owns multipleparticipants in supply chainb) A second possible method of supply chain coordination involves the use of formal contractsamong various participantsc) A third method of supply chain coordination involves informal agreements among thevarious organizations to pursue common goal and objectives, with control being exerted by the largest organization in the supply chain.8.What are the dements for the successful implementation of a supplychain’s strategic alliance programa)Trustb)Long-term relationshipsc)Information sharingd)Total risk, profit sharinge)Individual strengths of organizations9.The goal of strategic allianceAs we all know that different functions or groups within any organization must work together to achieve a wide range of common goals-from the reduction of product cost and improved product quality and delivery to the development of innovative new products.Chapter81.What are the new trends of logistics? Make interpretation about themGreen logistics, 3PL, reverse logistics. Four party logistics2.What are the advantages of enterprises cooperation in the supply chaina)Cooperation is the essence of supply chain. All members of supply chain cooperate andband together to create more value than that of each member can do, and to realize the whole value of supply chain, which is far greater than the simple sum of every link value. b)Cooperative efforts and collaborations between these enterprises make it easier to realizethe whole benefit of supply chain and to improve their competitive abilityc)The relationships among these members or enterprises have direct link to the efficiency andbenefit of supply chain3.What are the advantages of 3PLa)Allows flexibility to expand and contract inventory levelsb)Enhanced technology and supply chain visibilityc)Improved customer service offeringsd)Allows companies to focus on core competenciese) A more strategic and scientific approach to logistics challengesf)Lower or eliminate capital expenditures associated with equipment and facilities4.Definition of green logisticsa)Aform of logistics which is calculated to be environmentally and often socially friendly inaddition to economically functional.b)Pollution, congestion, resource depletion, means that the logistics industry is still not very“green”c)Government intervention promoting greater environmental regulation appears inevitable.Global, continental, national and local environmental legislation is already taking hold.5.Definition of 3PLThird party logistics or “3PL”is the integration of a company’s warehousing, transportation, and related lo gistics services through an outsourced or “third party” partnership6.Definition of reverse logisticsReverse logistics is the management of all the activities involved in goods, demand information, and money flowing in the opposite direction of the primary logistics flow7.Definition of fourth party logisticsThe fourth party logistics provider is a supply chain integrator that assembles and manages the resources, capabilities, and technology of its own organization with those of complementary service providers to deliver a comprehensive supply chain solution.。
物流英语unit 4 purchasing
Order management
• Order planning • Order transmittal • Order processing • Order picking and assembly • Order delivery
2020/6/27
Order planning
• The problem of bunching happens when a high percentage of customers make their orders at the same time.
• If customers’ ordering schedules can be influenced, a firm can balance them out and minimize the peaks and valleys of the workloads.
customers who place orders on certain dates.
2020/6/27
Order transmittal
• Phone or fax • Scanners and barcodes (pharmacy) • POS systems (retail chains) • Internet
2020/6/27
2020/6/27
The purchasing process
• Recognize a need • Select suppliers • Issue the order • Track and receive the order
2020/6/27
Other important issues
7. The transportation dept arranges for the 2020/6/27 shipment’s transportation from the
物流英语(第二篇第四单元)
如何写物流询盘信？
在询盘时，最好遵循以下指导原则： 1. 开头可以介绍自己或者公司。如果彼此很熟悉，只需直 接说明询盘的主题； 2. 每个信息最好分段写； 3. 保持简单、 具体和扼要，表达和询问所需内容。然后 以"谢谢你"或者"等待您的答复""期待您的响应"等等简单 句结尾； 4. 避免使用长、 大、 静态的单词和那些过度礼貌和非常 正式的短语。
• 在国际贸易中，询问购买某些商品的一些特定信息的信件 称为询盘信件。在这个意义上，与其它公司开始业务的信 也可以作为一种询盘信函，因为它询问的是与其他公司开 展业务的可能性。
How to write enquiry letters in logistics business?
How to write enquiry letters in logistics business?
• Also it is very much worth mentioning that in sea/air freight enquiries, it is advisable to specify the following items for your shipment. 1. Name of commodity; 2. Origin/destination port; 3. Preferred mode of transport/carrier; 4. Weight/dimension/volume of your cargo; 5. Other requirements, if any.
Enquiries in logistics business are requested for information on sea/air/land freight rates, shipping space, frequency and transit time etc. the buyer often ask the seller provide the details of goods in price, quality, packaging, methods of transportation, delivery date, insurance, payment terms and so on. The most common type of price is CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) price and FOB (Free on Board) price. 物流询盘信询问的是空/海/陆运的费用，航运空间、 频率 和过境时间等。买方常要求卖方提供商品的价格、 质量、 包装、 运输、 交货日期、 保险、 付款条件等详细信息。 最常见的价格是 CIF （成本、 保险和运费） 价格和离岸 价 FOB（船上免责）。
物流英语unit 4 cs
service 2020/12/13 will be generated from 20% of customers.
Corresponding logistics practice
• 80/20 rule provides a basis for inventory control
product category stock availability
firm 2020/12/13 deal with the problem?
2020/12/13 --Council of Logistics Management
The ultimate purpose of logistics
Logistics is to deliver - (the right product) - to the right place - at the right time - in the right quantity - at the right quality - at the right price (cost) - for the right customer
such as sales and marketing – Other sections of logistics 2020/12/13 department
What is customer service?
• CS is the collection of activities performed in a way that keeps customers happy and creates in the customers’ mind the perception of an organization that is easy to do business with.
物流英语unit 4 JIT and Lean Production
Just-in-time Logistics
• Waste and Variability Reduction
– Waste is anything that does not add value from the customer point of view.
– Faster delivery, reduced work-in-process, and faster throughput all reduce waste.
Figure 4-4 A Hybrid of Push and Pull Distribution System
Just-in-time Logistics
• Just-in-time Origin
– JIT is a manufacturing/delivery process where a minimum of goods are kept in stock and items are planned to arrive precisely at the time they are required for use or dispatch.
Pull System
Figure 4-3 A Comparison of Push and Pull Systems
Pull System
• A hybrid approach of both systems requires storing slower-moving items in a smaller warehouse at the plant while pushing truckload quantities of more popular items to the DCs.
物流专业英语第四章(1)
采购运作原来是指与供应商进行对抗式的、 采购运作原来是指与供应商进行对抗式的、 以交易为重点的谈判， 以交易为重点的谈判，现在转变成确保公司 从供货商处取得足够的支持、 从供货商处取得足够的支持、从而更好的完 成其生产和营销战略的重要行为。 成其生产和营销战略的重要行为。 (1)from its supply base (2)with suppliers (3)the emphasis has shifted from (4)adversarial, transaction-focused transactionnegotiation (5) to ensuring that (6)to implement (7)with support (8)the firm is positioned (9) its manufacturing and marketing strategies 正确句序3 正确句序33-4-2-5-8-6-9-7-1
更进一步的运作整合可以通过买卖双方共同努力， 确定为保证供应所必须遵循的运作程序，并对这 些运作程序进行重新设计。 (1)to identify processes involved in (2)to redesign those processes (3)buyers and suppliers working together (4)further operational integration (5)maintaining supply and searching for ways (6)can result for 正确句序：4 正确句序：4-6-3-1-5-2
Chapter 4
Warehousing and Distribution Management
4.1 Definition
专业英语物流与供应链管理 4
Many companies still think that the only way to service customers who require just-in-time deliveries is for them, the supplier, to carry the inventory instead of the customer. Instead what is needed is for the supplier to substitute responsiveness for inventory whenever possible.
Examines the concept of lead time, the orderto-delivery cycle, its components and the need to consider the wider context of the order –tocash cycle. 分析前置时间、订单周期的概念及其构成 要素，从更大范围来考察订货变现周期。 Looks at how the reduction of lead times can impact on the goals of logistics pipeline management. 研究缩短前置时间是如何影响物流渠道管 理目标的。
is the inaccuracy of forecast.
Whilst many forecasting errors are the result
of inappropriate forecasting methodology the
root cause of these problems is that forecast
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着公共仓的作用，比起存储，他们更加注重 移动货物通过。
Public Warehouses
[3]The warehouse performs functions that would otherwise have to be performed by the owner of the inventory; the principal advantage is that dealers do not have to maintain large inventories.
staging area：暂存区。进行入出库作业时 用于暂时存入货物的区域。
serial number：序列号。某些产品如电脑 零配件、手机等在出厂时所编的特定号码，是 区分每一件产品的标志，可以用于产品追踪。 仓储管理中要对产品实行单品管理时，就要管 到产品序列号信息。
cross-docking：直接转运、直接换装。指 物品在物流环节中，不在中间仓库或站点长时 间，直接从一个运输工具换载到另一个运输工 具的物流衔接方式。在直接转运作业中，货物 在中间仓库停留时间通常不超过24小时。
Key Terms 关键词汇
warehousing warehouse private Warehouse public warehouse contract warehouse distribution center
仓储 仓库 私人仓库 公共仓库 合同仓库 配送中心
Key Terms 关键词汇
全句译为：对于一个涉及异地的零部件产品的企业制造， 各地工厂均有产品运载到企业制造地配送仓，这样， 每家工厂都能组建一个完整的产品链。
Plant Warehouses
[7]A warehouse associated with most manufacturing operations is the plant warehouse, usually located somewhere near the end of the assembly line.
Key Terms 关键词汇
trade off 权衡、背反 e-commerce 电子商务 WMS 仓储管理系统 distribution centers 配送中心 putaway 入库、上架 receiving area 收货区 shipping area 发货区 order selection/picking 拣选 picking area 拣选区
其中，products at different locations 指生产于异地 的零部件产品，ship n.船 v.装上船, 载运, 此处译成 载运较好； each plant ships its items to the firm's regional distribution warehouses此处 items可理解为各地工厂提供的不同 产品，the firm's regional distribution warehouses 指企业 制造地的配送仓
Key Terms 关键词汇
in bulk 散装 shipping dock 发货站台 sortation 分拣、分类 staging area 暂存区 serial number 序列号 warehouse layout 仓库布局 primary aisle 主通道 cross-docking 直接转运、直接换装
其中，the assembly line为装配线 全句译为：与大部分生产运作相关的储存是
工厂仓库，通常位于装配线的附近。
Plant Warehouses
[8]Its principal function is to tion line output and product demand in the distribution network.
机械化
automation
自动化
Public Warehouses
[1]Public warehouses are used by firms that either cannot justify the costs of having their own facilities, or prefer not making a commitment to owning and operating their own facilities.
全句译为： 他们处理大量的商品进行在常规 基础上，其中的部分收益来自于整合仓储 功能与购买和给零售商的配送。
[6]For a firm manufacturing related products at different locations, each plant ships its items to the firm's regional distribution warehouses so that each of them can stock a complete line of products.
Chapter 4 Warehousing and Distribution Centers[1]
[1] James C. Johnson, Donald F.. Wood, “Contemporary Logistics,” 4th edition, pp.300-310.New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, London:Collier Macmillan Publishers
全句译为：工厂仓库也可能是简单的一点， 能够呈现，每条生产线所需细项的存货情 况。
Distribution Center
[10]Some public warehouses refer to themselves as distribution centers, which they emphasize the distribution aspects of warehousing instead of the storage operations. Refer （to） v.提交, 委托；把...归类[序, 因] 于, 认为...是源于；谈[涉, 提]及, 提到, 指(的 是)。
A storage facility … is laid out in …一 个储存仓库…有赖于…
全句译为：一个转换率较低的储存仓库设备， 主要有赖于最大化仓库的容体使用率。
[3]Spaciousness may not always be advantageous since the distances that an individual or machine must travel in the storing or retrieving functions are increased.
全句译为：对仓储功能和配送功能的相对侧 重点不同，则仓库空间的设计规划不同。
[2]A storage facility having low rates of turnover that maximizes utilization of the cubic[capacity of the warehouse devoted to storage.
warehousing design warehouse layout fixed slot location system
仓储设计 仓库布局 固定货位系统
variable slot location system 流动货位系统
labor-intensive
劳动力密集
mechanization
全句译为：公共仓被某些公司使用，这类公 司为：它们没有自己的操作设备或不想添 置操作设备或不想操作它们自己的设备。
Public Warehouses
[2] Maritime general cargo "transit sheds" in ports perform some public warehouse functions, although they are oriented more toward moving cargo through than they are to storage.
picking area：拣选区。仓库在有大量拆零 出货的作业的情况下，为了加快发货速度，事 先将货物拆零，在库内划出专门的区域存放拆 零的货物，这一区域即为拣选区。当有需求时， 直接可以从拣选区根据订单的要求拣取出散件 货品，从而加快拣选速度。拣选区多见于配送 中心内。
Sortation：分拣、分类。将物品按品种、 出入库先后顺序进行分门别类堆放的作业。也 是仓库和配送中心内的重要作业之一。
trade off：二律背反、交替损益。是指物流系统 中各项活动之间相互影响、相互制约、此消彼长的 关系。例如减少采购批量可以降低库存，而可能又 会使运输批量减小而使运输成本增加。简化包装在 节省包装费用的同时，可能又会增加运输、储存环 节的损耗等。二律背反关系是物流系统化的重要思 想，因此为寻求系统最优，应在各项物流活动间进 行平衡。
distribution center：配送中心。一般位于终端， 此类结点以配送业务为主，货物周转较快，一般处 理多品种小批量的货物，属于流通型的仓库，有别 于传统意义上储存保管型的仓库，是一种更为现代 的仓库类型。根据使用的场合，distribution center有时也指负责销售的分销中心。
全句译为：有些公共仓也称自己为配送中心，在那 里他们强调的是配送功能而不是仓储操作功能。
Text B
Warehouse and Distribution Center Layout
[1]The relative emphasis placed on the storage function and on the distribution function affect space layout.对仓储功能和配送功能的相对强调 程度，影响到仓库空间的设计规划。