高中英语人教新课标必修一unit4(1)Grammar 学案设计(答案不全)

GRAMMAR 4(1)定语从句（一）温故知新在英语中，修饰名词或代词的成分被称为定语，根据定语出现在名词或代词前后的位置可以将其分为前置定语和后置定语。

如在a developing country和a girl in red中，developing和in red分别是前置定语和后置定语。

一般而言，前置定语经常由单个词充当，而后置定语则由短语或句子充当，当一个句子充当定语修饰前面的名词或代词时，就被称为定语从句。

我们初中的时候学过形容词、名词等作定语来修饰某一名词或代词。

那么句子可以作定语吗？可以！如果一个句子充当了定语，那么我们称之为定语从句。

先来看这样两个句子：1) The man is my English teacher.2) I met him in the street.如果想把这两个句子合并成一个句子，我们可将句2) 转换成定语从句来修饰the man即：The man that / who / whom I met in the street is my English teacher.这个句子中的that / who / whom I met in the street 就充当了the man的定语，它就是定语从句；而被修饰的the man叫做先行词。

另外，你发现了吗？句2)中的him换成了关系代词that / who / whom，并放在了定语从句的最前面，我们把that, who, whom等词叫做引导词,也叫关系代词。

【观察与翻译】观察下列例句划线部分的语法成分及组成规律，并试着翻译句子。

1. The boy who is reading a book over there is my friend.2. All that glitters is not gold.译为：_____________________________ 译为：_____________________________ 上述两个例句中划线部分均为定语从句，分别修饰前面的名词the boy和代词all，这两个词被称为先行词。

同学们也许注意到了这两个定语从句中的who和that，这两个词究竟为什么出现在这里，在这里起什么作用，有什么规律可循吗？下面我们就具体来看看定语从句的结构特点。

定语从句中有两个关键概念：先行词和关系词（关系代词或关系副词）。

在上面两个例句中引导定语从句的who和that属于关系代词，本单元我们先来学习关系代词引导的定语从句。

一、关系代词的句法功能及指代功能关系代词处在先行词和定语从句之间，身兼三职：连接主从句的纽带、指代先行词和在从句中充当某种句子成分。

现在我们将常用的关系代词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下：指代功能指代人指代物指代人或物在从句中的作用主语Who、that Which/that that宾语whom / who/that/* Which/that/* That/*定语whose (=of whom) whose (=of which)【观察与分析】观察下列例句，指出其中的先行词和关系代词，并分析关系代词在定语从句中的作用。

1. The professor who gave us a speech yesterday is from the USA.先行词为_____，关系代词为_____，在从句中作_____。

2. The book which my teacher lent me is very useful.先行词为_____，关系代词为_____，在从句中作_____。

3. I’m interested in all that you have told me.先行词为_____，关系代词为_____，在从句中作_____。

4. You will find the nearest market whose door faces south.先行词为_____，关系代词为_____，在从句中作_____。

5. The author whom you criticized in your review has written a reply.先行词为_____，关系代词为_____，在从句中作_____。

例句呈现1. Is he the man that / who sells the dog?2. Do you know the boy whom / who / that I talked with just now?3. She was not on the train that / which arrived just now.4. What do you think of the photos that / which I took in the park?5. The book whose cover is green was lost yesterday.6. The first place that we visited in Beijing was the Great Wall.7. It was the largest map that I ever saw.8. I have read all the books that you lent me.9. Is there anything else that I can do for you?10. They talked about the people and things that they remembered in the old days.11. Who is the man that shook hands with you just now?二、注意事项1. 先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词通常可省略。

如：The dish (that) my father cooks is always delicious.2. 当先行词是all, everything, something, nothing等（复合）不定代词或先行词被first, last, only, few, much等词以及形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词一般多用that，不用which。

如：The first thing that I do when I wake up every morning is to drink some water.There is always something that we are not satisfied with in our life.3. 当先行词由人和物共同充当时，关系代词只能用that。

如：We talked about the people and things that we remembered in middle school.4. whose在定语从句中既可以指人，也可以指物，用作名词的限定语，可以用“the + n. + of whom / of which”结构代替。

如：My brother, whose house (the house of whom) we just passed, is a doctor.There are still many people whose living conditions (the living conditions of whom) are terrible. 【即学即练】I. 根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。

1. This is the best film _____________ (我看过的).2. He has a daughter _____________ (在医院工作的).3. The tree _____________ (叶子变红了的) is an old one.II. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. Is there anything _____ I can do for you?A. whichB. whoC. whomD. that2. I have seen some strange trees, _____ open at sunrise and close at sunset.A. which the leavesB. whose leavesC. which leavesD. their leaves3. All _____ we need is enough rest after long hours’ work.A. the thingB. thatC. whatD. which4. On the train I saw a girl _____ I thought was your sister.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. what5. Have you seen the film “Titanic” _____ leading actor is world-famous?A. itsB. thatC. whoseD. Which定语从句1.The young film star receives hundreds of letters a day,_____ her parents both pleasure and worry.A. which bringsB. that bringsC. which bringD. that have brought2.There were two small rooms in the house,_______ served as kitchen.A. the smaller of whichB. the small of themC. the smaller of themD. the smaller one3.All of the flowers now raised by her have developed from those______ in the forest.A. once theyB. they grew onceC. that once grewD. once grewst night I came across a man _______ I think is a pleasant to .A. who, talkedB. whom, get along withC. who, work with D .whom, be talked with5.Perhaps it is the only market _____ you can get such cheap goods.A. thatB. of whichC. by whichD. where6.Jackie is ______ of the students who able to get the first place.A. one, areB. only one, isC. one, isD. only one, are7.I feel most angry about the way _______ I’ve been treated.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. how8.The students don’t realize the use ________ the information.A. we make ofB. which we makeC. for our makingD. for us to make9.Can you see a man and his horse ________ are crossing the bridge?A. whichB. whoC. thatD. theyst year the well-known actress did all ________ help the poor children in that mountain village.A. she could doB. she could toC. what she could toD. that she could11.He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, ________ his father had expected.A. that was whatB. what was thatC. which was whatD. which was that12.Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?A. whereB. thatC. the one thatD. the one where13.George Orwell, ________ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real nameB. what his real nameC. his real nameD. whose real name14.There were dirty marks on her trousers________ she had wiped her hands.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. that15.That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after _______he’s done for you.A. somethingB. anythingC. allD. that16.She heard a terrible noise, ________ brought her heart into her mouth.A. itB. whichC. thisD. that17.That tree the branches ________ are almost bare is a very old one.A. whoseB. of whichC. in whichD. on which18.There are several story-books ________ Red Star is the best one I have ever read.A. whose, thatB. of which, thatC. which, thatD. of which, as19.Who is the man________ is standing there?A. thatB. whoC. asD. whom20.There are different forms of energy________ comes from the sun.A. thatB. most of thatC. most of themD. most of which21.I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. howB. whichC. whereD. that22.My hometown is the same ________ it used to be.A. likeB. asC. thatD. which23.Oxygen is an important element_______ we can’t live.A. from whichB. of whichC. with whichD. without which24.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, ________ the sailing time was 226 days.A. of whichB. during whichC. from whichD. for which25.The knife ________ he used to cut apples is very sharp.A. with thatB. for whichC. with itD. with which26.With the development of agriculture, the people ________ village I taught before have lived a happy life.A. whoB. whoseC. in whoseD. in which27.I have bought two ball pens,________ writes well.A. neither of them b. none of them C. neither of which D. none of which28.I don’t believe the reason ________ he has given for his being late.A. whyB. thatC. howD. what29.She may have missed her train, in ________ case she won’t arrive for another hour.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. this30.The old house, in front of ________there is a pine tree is I used to live.A. which, whereB. that, the place whereC. it, the place inD. that, the place参考答案:【观察与翻译】1. 在那边读书的那个男孩是我的朋友。