Earth science homework
七年级英语上册《Unit-9--My-favorite-subject-is-science》知识点
Unit 9 My favorite subject is science.1。
What’s your favorite subject? 你最喜欢的学科是什么？=What subject do you like best?My favorite subject is math。
我最喜欢的学科是数学。
= I like math best。
1）What’s your favorite．．．．? = What．．．．do you like best?My favorite．．．．is …。
= I like ．．．． best.2) favorite前一定要用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格一起来修饰后面的名词。
不可根据汉语意思而用人称代词如I, He 等.What’s Gina’s favorite subject? Gina最喜欢的学科是什么？Her favorite subject is math. 她最喜欢的学科是数学。
3）favorite(美）亦可拼为favourite（英)4）favorite n. 最喜欢的人或物（复数形式是favorites）These clothes are my favorites。
这些衣服是我最喜欢的.Which color is your favorite？哪种颜色是你最喜爱的？2。
Why do you like math？你为什么喜欢数学？Because it’s interesting. 因为它很有趣.3。
How’s your day? 今天过得如何? It's OK。
还行。
Great! 棒极了！4. have + 学科：上某一学科的课. have English 上英语课have a class / lesson 上课have breakfast / lunch / dinner 吃早饭 / 中饭/ 晚饭have a soccer game 举行足球比赛have a school trip 开展校外活动have a party 举行派对;举办聚会5. That’s for sure.的确如此。
未来生活初二英语作文合集十篇
未来生活初二英语作文合集十篇未来生活初二英语作文 1With the development of science and technology, our lives have changed a lot in the past century. Many things that wouldn’t happen before have e into reality now. Therefore, our lives will change as well in the future. Our pace of live will greatly speed up, because we will help many machines to finish our work. Many things can be done autonomously. Therefore, people will have more time for fun.People can travel the outer space freely. Space shuttle can bring people to planets far from the earth. Human beings may live in other planets. Besides, our environment will be much better than now, because some effective measures are taken to protect the environment. Earth is still a beautiful home for human.未来生活初二英语作文 2Sometimes I dream about life in the future. What will it be?Perhaps some people will go to the moon for a holiday or even live on the moon,and some scientists will build cities under the sea to make people live there. We can have a medical examination or do some shopping without leaving ourhomes,which makes the life more convenient. Maybe we will also do some shopping and work at home.And I'm sure there'll be more educational programmes on the radio or TV or by the Intemet or videophones,so perhaps some children won't need to go to school every day. They'll study at home.In the future,all electric equipment at home is under the con-trol of puters. People can learn about the situation of the house by working on the puter at the office. No people like doing housework. Maybe each family will have a robot. Every day we can tell the robot what to do-shopping,housework and so on. believe the dream will e true some day.未来生活初二英语作文 3My life in the future will be colorful and meaningful. I’m going to be a good doctor after I graduate from university. I believe I’ll bring my patients health and happiness. In my spare time, I’ll stay with my family. We’ll travel a lot and do lots of sports. I’ll also read as many books as I can, for I want to improve myself. Even if I’m busy with my work, I will never give up studying. I’m sure my dream will e true because of my hard work and the life in the future will get better and better.未来生活初二英语作文 4In the future , people will have different life.Childen won’t go to school , because t hey will study on the puter. That will be really good.Humans will not have so many things to do , because there will be robots to do them. Robots are going to be humans’ best friends.In one hundred years , people will live in the sea or in the space station. We will find out more biological , know more knowledge.I think they will e a reality.未来生活初二英语作文 5Sometimes I dream about life in the future. What will it be like? Perhaps some people will go to the movie for a holiday and some scientist will live onto the sea. Maybe we will have vision phones in every home. We canhave the medical examination or do shogppin without leaving our homes. And what about education? I am sure that there will be more educational programs on the radio and TV, so perhaps some children won't need to go to school everyday. They will study at home. Many people don't like doing housework. Maybe in 2020, each familywill have a robot. Everyday, we can tell the robot what to do, the shopping ,the housework and so on. I believe the dream will be turned into reality.有些时候，我会梦到未来生活。
五年级下册科学家庭英语作文的答案苏教版
五年级下册科学家庭英语作文的答案苏教版全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Science Homework - All About LightHello teachers and classmates! For our science homework this week, we had to learn all about light. Light is a very interesting and important topic in science. Let me tell you what I discovered!First, I learned that light is a type of energy that travels in waves. These light waves allow us to see things. Without light, everything would be completely dark and we couldn't see a thing! Light comes from many different sources like the sun, fire, lightbulbs, candles, and even living things like fireflies.The sun is the biggest source of light for planet Earth. The sun's light takes about 8 minutes to travel the 93 million miles from the sun to the Earth. That's crazy fast, but also really far! The sun's light allows plants to grow through a process called photosynthesis. It also keeps the Earth warm enough for people, animals and other life to survive.There are other sources of light too besides the sun. Lightbulbs create light when electricity heats up a tiny wire inside called a filament until it gets super hot and glows. Fire creates light through a chemical reaction where heat and small particles get so hot they produce light. Pretty cool!I also learned about some of the properties of light. One key property is that light always travels in straight lines called rays. That's why when you shine a flashlight, the beam goes in a straight line. But if the light hits something, it can bounce off at an angle - this is called reflection. Mirrors are made of a special material that reflects almost all the light that hits them.Another fascinating thing about light is that it can bend or refract when it moves from one material to another, like from air into water. This is why a pencil stuck in a glass of water looks bent or broken - the light is refracting as it enters and leaves the water. Rainbows are another example of refraction, with the sun's light being refracted through water droplets in the air into different colors.Speaking of colors, I learned that white light is actually made up of a mixture of many different colors of light combined together. But certain objects can absorb some colors while reflecting others back to our eyes, which is why we see differentcolored objects. A red apple looks red because it absorbs all the other colors except red, which it reflects back to our eyes. A black shirt looks black because it absorbs all colors and doesn't reflect any light back.There are also some other really cool properties of light, like that it can travel through empty space and some materials like air and glass, but not through other materials like wood or metal which block the light. Light can also be focused using lenses like magnifying glasses to concentrate the rays at one point and make things appear bigger.In conclusion, light is an amazing form of energy that has so many interesting properties and plays a vital role on Earth by allowing us to see, helping plants grow, keeping us warm, and more. I really enjoyed learning all about light, and I hope you found my essay interesting and informative too! Let me know if you have any other questions.篇2My Family and Our Scientific WorldHi teacher! For this English homework about science and my family, I want to tell you all about the amazing and scientific people in my family. We may not be famous scientists, but we'reexperts in our own way when it comes to observing the natural world around us.First, I have to tell you about my grandpa. He's an incredible farmer and definitely the most science-y person in our family. Grandpa has been planting crops and taking care of his veggie garden for as long as I can remember. He seems to know everything about plants, soil, weather patterns, and the lifecycle of living things. It's like he has a degree in botany or something!One of grandpa's biggest skills is observing and predicting the weather. By looking at the clouds, feeling the wind direction, and checking the morning dew, he can almost always guess if it will rain that day or not. Sometimes I think he's even better than the TV weather forecasters! Grandpa taught me that cirrus clouds are the wispy, stretched ones that mean good weather is coming. But cumulus clouds are the fluffy, cotton-ball shaped ones that might bring rain showers.Speaking of rain, my grandpa also has a special scientific method for collecting rainwater. He has these huge blue barrels that he puts under the gutters on our roof. When it rains, the barrels fill up with fresh rainwater. Then he uses that water to irrigate his veggie gardens. Grandpa says rainwater is better forplants than using a hose because it doesn't have chemicals or minerals that can build up in the soil over time. Smart, right?In the veggie garden, grandpa is always observing the lifecycle of plants up close. He showed me how seeds sprout roots and stems, then grow leaves, flowers, fruits and finally new seeds all over again. It's like a tiny science experiment happening right in our backyard! Grandpa also taught me about pollination and how bees carry pollen between flowering plants. That's why we have some bee boxes in the garden - the bees pollinate grandpa's veggies while also making yummy honey for us.Another scientific guy in my family is my uncle Dewei. He's not a farmer, but he is an amateur birdwatcher and loves observing nature. Uncle Dewei has gone on bird-watching trips all over China - he's probably spotted over 500 different species of birds so far! At home, he has multiple bird feeders hung up in our backyard trees. That way, he can watch all kinds of birds come and go while eating their daily seeds and fruits.My uncle is basically an ornithology expert (that's the science of studying birds). He taught me how to use binoculars to see birds up close without scaring them away. Uncle Dewei also showed me tips for identifying birds, like looking at their beak shape, colored feather patterns, body size and listening fortheir unique calls. Now I can recognize the chirping of sparrows versus the cooing of dove birds!Uncle Dewei's big scientific passion is tracking animal migration patterns. Every year, he carefully records the dates when different bird species leave our area and when they return after flying south for the winter. He says observing migration is important for understanding how seasons, climate and food sources affect the natural cycles of different animal populations over time. I've helped him count the birds on their migratory paths - it's like being a miniature scientist on an important research mission!Speaking of research, my aunt Meiqing is a doctor who definitely knows a lot about human biology and medical science. When I got chickenpox last year, aunt Meiqing came over and gave me a little lesson about virology. That's the branch of science about studying viruses. She explained how the chickenpox virus copied itself by hijacking cells inside my body to make new virus particles. That's why I had so many itchy red bumps!Aunt Meiqing used some pretty big vocabulary, like talking about viruses having capsids (protein shells) and genetic material like DNA or RNA inside them. But she also explained itin a simpler way I could understand - the chickenpox virus is like a hugger monster that makes copies of itself by hugging cells in your body! Aunt Meiqing showed me cartoon pictures to illustrate how white blood cells are the superheroes that attack and eliminate viruses from our bodies.Another cool science thing aunt Meiqing taught me is about the human musculoskeletal system. One day, my baby cousin fell and seemed to have an arm injury, so my aunt gave a quick anatomy lesson. She pointed out where the bones, muscles, joints and tendons are in the arm. Then she gently felt around the area with her hands to diagnose a minor sprain instead of a break. I was amazed that aunt Meiqing could basically x-ray my cousin's arm just by touching and looking closely!My aunt also knows a ton about nutrition science since she's a doctor. She taught our family the importance of eating a balanced diet with all the essential vitamins, minerals, proteins and other nutrients our bodies need to function properly. For example, Aunt Meiqing explained that calcium is crucial for maintaining strong, healthy bones as we grow older. So she always makes sure to drink milk or eat dairy products, leafy greens, beans and other calcium-rich foods.Last but not least, my dad is probably the most creative "scientist" in our family when it comes to engineering projects and inventions around the house. He's an electrician by trade, so he has to constantly apply principles of physics and engineering in his work. But dad also loves tinkering at home and finding clever solutions to any problem that pops up.For example, we used to have issues with our garage door closing unevenly and getting stuck partway down. So dad did some calculations and experimented with different counterweight systems until he rigged up a new pulley mechanism that perfectly balanced the garage door every time it opened or closed. It was like a miniature engineering thesis project, but for our home!Another time, the air conditioning at our house broke down during a heatwave. While waiting for the repair company, dad took apart an old fan and combined it with some flexible plastic tubing to create a makeshift cooling unit for our living room. He mounted the fan to one end of the tubing, which circulated fresh air from outside into our stuffy house. Dad loves hands-on engineering challenges like that!My dad has also done lots of simple but creative projects around the house using basic materials like wood, metal, wiresand batteries. One time he made a hiking pole for me with an extendable handle using old curtain rods and rubber grips. Another time dad made my little sister a rocking horse using sculpted chicken wire covered in papier-mâché. I swear, give that man some tools and random supplies, and he'll invent something amazing!On top of his building talents, my dad tries to apply the scientific method to troubleshooting any issue that comes up. He'll first make observations and gather data about the problem. Then dad will formulate a potential hypothesis solution and test it out through experimentation. If the first idea fails, he'll rethink and redesign a new prototype to try out. It's the same cycle of steps that scientists use in their research!Well, that's a glimpse into the brilliant, inquisitive and scientific minds in my family. We may not be famous academics or work in high-tech labs. But we are all lifelong learners who are constantly observing the world around us, asking questions, and finding creative ways to apply scientific knowledge into our daily lives. I feel so lucky to be surrounded by such a curious, analytical and problem-solving family. They've definitely helped spark my own passion for science! I'll continue learning from their examples.篇3My Science Homework AssignmentHi! My name is Lily and I'm a 5th grade student. For my science homework this week, I have to write about an experiment I did at home. Our teacher Mrs. Wang gave us an assignment to explore the concept of density. She told us density is how much matter or "stuff" is packed into a certain amount of space. I thought doing an experiment at home would be really fun!For my experiment, I decided to test the density of different liquids by combining them in a cup. I gathered up a few liquids from our kitchen - water, vegetable oil, dish soap, and maple syrup. I predicted that the liquids would separate into different layers based on their densities, with the most dense liquid on the bottom and the least dense on top.First, I poured some water into a tall glass. Then I slowly poured in a small amount of vegetable oil. To my surprise, the oil didn't mix with the water at all! The oil formed a separate layer floating on top of the water. This is because oil is less dense than water. Things that are more dense sink, while things that are less dense float. Cool!Next, I added a few drops of liquid dish soap to the glass. The soap instantly went through the oil layer and mixed with the water at the bottom. Dish soap must be more dense than both the oil and water! I could actually see the three separate layers - soap on the bottom, then water, then oil on top.For the final step, I carefully poured in some maple syrup. It sank through the oil layer but stayed separate from the soapy water on the bottom. So the order from most dense to least dense was: dish soap, maple syrup, water, vegetable oil. Seeing the liquids stacked like that in the glass was amazing!I had so much fun doing this density experiment at home. It really helped me understand the concept better than just reading about it in my textbook. I can't wait to share my results with Mrs. Wang and the rest of the class!In conclusion, density is a very important property that determines whether substances will float or sink when combined. My home experiment showed me firsthand how liquids can separate into layers based on their densities. I'm proud of myself for being a young scientist and exploring the world through hands-on activities. Who knows, maybe I'll become a real scientist when I grow up!。
科学最重要的目的是改善人们的生活英语作文
科学最重要的目的是改善人们的生活英语作文篇1Science is Super Cool!Hi friends! Today I want to talk about science because I think it's amazing. Science helps make our lives better in so many ways. That's the most important reason why we study science - to improve people's lives all around the world.What exactly is science? Science is about discovering new knowledge about the world and universe around us through observation and experimentation. Scientists are like detectives, always asking questions and looking for clues to understand how things work.Some people think science is just a bunch of boring facts and equations. But science is way more exciting than that! It's about exploring, discovering, and inventing awesome new things. Scientists get to go on adventures, see amazing places, and make mind-blowing discoveries.One of the greatest things about science is how it improves our health and helps sick people get better. Have you ever had a vaccine shot to prevent diseases like measles or chickenpox?Thank science for that! All our life-saving medicines were created by scientists after years and years of research.Imagine if we didn't have hospitals, X-rays, or antibiotics. So many people would get really sick or even die from diseases that are easy to treat today because of science. Knowing more about biology and chemistry allows scientists to find cures for illnesses and ways to fix injuries.Science doesn't just make our bodies healthier, it makes our lives more comfortable too. Everything from the clothes we wear to the cars we drive was developed through scientific knowledge. Smart scientists figured out how to generate electricity, build computers, create plastics, and design all the cool modern technologies we use every day.Speaking of technology, isn't the internet amazing? You can talk to people across the world, watch unlimited videos and movies, and get information on any topic with a few taps on a screen. That's all thanks to decades of hard work by scientists and engineers.Science also helps us appreciate the incredible planet we live on. By studying geology, oceanography, astronomy, and other fields, we learn about the formation of the Earth, the animals andplants that live here, and our place among the stars. We can use that knowledge to take better care of the environment.Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing the world today. Scientists are racing to understand this threat and develop solutions like renewable energy sources before it's too late. Without their research, we wouldn't even know climate change is happening and how serious it could become.Not everything in science has an immediate real-world application. Some sciences, like particle physics and astrophysics, just explore the fundamental laws of nature out of curiosity. But even these kinds of discoveries can lead to unexpected amazing technologies and insights years later.For example, nobody thought studying nuclear physics would be useful for anything besides understanding atoms. Then scientists used that knowledge to develop nuclear power plants, radiation therapy for cancer treatment, and otherworld-changing inventions!That's why I think it's crucial to keep exploring science however we can. Every new advancement, no matter how small, takes us one step closer to improving life for all people everywhere.Even kids like me can get involved in science. We can learn about the scientific method, observe nature, and conduct simple experiments at home. Who knows, maybe one of us will grow up to develop a cure for cancer, figure out how to colonize Mars, or invent teleportation technology!Science truly is the most powerful tool humans have for understanding our world and shaping our future. Every new discovery has the potential to help people live healthier, happier, and smarter lives. That's why science is not just cool, but absolutely vital. The more we embrace it, the brighter tomorrow will be!篇2The Most Important Purpose of Science is to Improve People's LivesScience is so amazing! It helps us understand how the world works and lets us create really cool and helpful things. But you know what the best part of science is? Its true purpose is to make our lives better. Let me tell you why science improving people's lives is the most important goal.First off, science has allowed us to develop awesome modern medicines that keep us healthy. In the old days beforewe knew much about science, people got very sick from diseases like smallpox, polio, and the flu. Millions of people died from illnesses that we can easily treat today because of scientific discoveries.Thanks to scientists figuring out how germs spread and infect people, we can now prevent so many diseases with vaccines and stop them with antibiotics and other medicines. Think about how many lives have been saved because of medical science! Kids don't have to miss school or playtime being stuck in bed sick anymore.Science has also helped us grow better food to end world hunger. With scientific farming methods, we can get crops to grow bigger and healthier. We've specially bred fruits and veggies to be more nutritious and resist diseases too. Super cool, right?New technologies from science allow farmers to produce way more food than they could before. That means less people go hungry, especially in poorer countries. Did you know that hundreds of millions of people around the world don't have enough food to eat? Science is helping solve that huge problem.Another awesome way science improves lives is by creating inventions that make things easier and more fun! Can youimagine your life without smartphones, computers, TVs, games, and all the other cool tech we have? Those all came from sciences like engineering and programming.I love that we can use our phones and the internet to communicate instantly with people on the other side of the world. We can learn about anything online with just a few clicks. Streaming movies and shows straight to our devices is the best! None of that incredible stuff would exist without science.Science has also led to amazing transportation machines that have brought the world closer together. Airplanes,high-speed trains, and rockets let us travel safely across the globe and even into outer space in just a matter of hours! My parents say they remember when journeys that now take a few hours used to take days and days.Speaking of space, how cool is it that science let humankind set foot on the moon and explore other planets with rovers? We're learning so much about the universe and our place in it thanks to astronomy and physics. Maybe I'll even get to visit Mars one day because of new science discoveries!But science isn't just about inventions and exploring space, it improves our lives here on Earth too. Scientists have untangled the mysteries of nature to help us use resources like energy fromthe sun, wind, and water in ways that don't pollute and harm the environment as much. That makes for a healthier world for humans, animals, and plants to all live in together peacefully.Science is the reason we can predict dangerous storms, earthquakes, and other natural events earlier to keep people safe. It helps us locate new sources of fresh water to provide clean drinking supplies. We can build structures like bridges, skyscrapers, and tunnels that make modern life more convenient because of science too.Overall, science simply makes our lives so much better than they were for humans before. We're healthier, we can communicate across long distances, we can travel the world, we have awesome entertainment, and we're able to care for the natural environment around us - all because of science!Sure, science is really interesting and fun to learn about. But isn't it amazing that its most important purpose is to improve our lives and make the world a better place? Scientists are like real-life superheroes, constantly working to invent new solutions to problems and discover new ways to make things better for all humans.I hope science never stops advancing so my life, and the lives of future kids, can keep getting better and better. After all,building a world where people live happier, healthier, and more comfortably is what science is truly all about. How awesome is that?篇3The Most Important Purpose of Science is to Improve People's LivesHi friends! Do you know what science is? Science is a way to understand the world around us. Scientists study things like plants, animals, planets, and even tiny things we can't see with our eyes. They do experiments and make observations to learn new things.Have you ever wondered why we have smartphones, cars, airplanes, and all the cool stuff in our lives? Well, all of those things are thanks to science! Scientists and inventors used their knowledge to create new technologies that make our lives easier and more fun.For example, let's talk about smartphones. Smartphones are like little computers that fit in our pockets. We can use them to talk to our friends and family, play games, watch movies, and even do our homework. Isn't that amazing? All of this was made possible because of science.But science doesn't just give us cool gadgets. It also helps us stay healthy and safe. Scientists study diseases to find cures and create medicines that can make us feel better when we're sick. They also research how to make our food and water safe to eat and drink.Have you ever been to a doctor or a hospital? The doctors and nurses there use science every day to help people get better. They use machines and tools that were created thanks to scientific discoveries.Science also helps us understand the world around us. Scientists study the weather, the oceans, the mountains, and even outer space! Their discoveries teach us about our planet and the universe.But sometimes, science can also be used to solve problems. For example, scientists are working on ways to protect the environment and reduce pollution. They're also trying to find new sources of energy that are cleaner and safer than the ones we use now.Now, you might be wondering, "How can science improve my life?" Well, here are some ways:Science can help you learn new things. You can do science experiments at home or at school to learn about the world around you.Science can help you stay healthy. By following the advice of scientists, you can eat healthy foods, exercise, and take care of your body.Science can make your life easier. All the technology we use, like computers, phones, and video games, are thanks to science.Science can help you explore the world. By studying science, you can learn about different places, animals, and even outer space.Science can help you solve problems. When you face a challenge, you can use scientific thinking to find a solution.So, you see, science is all around us, and it's constantly making our lives better in so many ways. Whether it's giving us cool new gadgets, helping us stay healthy, or teaching us about the world, science is truly amazing.Remember, the most important purpose of science is to improve people's lives. Scientists work hard every day to make new discoveries that can help us live better, healthier, and happier lives.So, the next time you use your smartphone, play a video game, or go to the doctor, remember to thank science! And who knows, maybe one day you'll become a scientist too and make amazing discoveries that will change the world.。
Focus On Earth Science地球科学中心
• 3 main types of seismic waves.
6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
1. Primary Waves (P-waves)
6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
6.1 Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries
Which boundary is associated with earthquakes that occur at relatively shallow depths and are small in size? A divergent plate boundary B convergent plate boundary C transform plate boundary D subduction plate boundary
6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
What is a characteristic of P-waves? A They cause rock particles to vibrate
perpendicular to the direction that waves travel. B They cause rock particles to vibrate in the same direction that waves travel. C They only travel through solids. D They are the slowest seismic wave.
6.2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves
Unit3TheEarthReading素材-牛津深圳版（广州沈阳通用）七年级英语上册备课资源（课文翻译+思维导图+课文解析+配套习题+单词短语）
7A Unit 3 Reading 备课资源★教材原文Protect The Earth保护地球The Earth is a beautiful place.地球是个美丽的地方。
There are forests and rivers, mountains and fields.上面有森林、河流、山川和田野。
Some places are very hot, and some are very cold.一些地方非常热，有些地方非常冷。
There are many different plants.（地球上）生长着许多不同的植物，Some are large. Some are *all.有些大，有的小。
All plants need light and water.所有的植物都需要光和水。
There are different animals on Earth too.地球上也有许多不同的动物，Some live on the land.有些生活在陆地上，Some fly in the sky.有的在天空中飞翔，Some live under the water.一些生活在水下。
There are also many people like you and me on Earth.也有很多人像你和我一样的人们生活在地球上。
The Earth provides us with air, water and food.地球为我们提供了空气、水和食物。
It is our home.这是我们的家园。
Today, there is a lot of pollution.今天，（地球上）存在着很多的污染。
We burn things to make energy.我们为获取能源燃烧东西，This pollutes the air.污染了空气。
We put our rubbish into the sea and under the ground.我们把垃圾倾倒入海或埋入地下，This pollutes the Earth and kills animals and plants.污染了地球并杀死动物和植物。
初中英语单词联想、趣味、词根法、谐音法、组合法记忆
初中英语单词记忆I、分类记忆法（星期、月份、颜色、运动、动物、职业、场所。
）II、构词记忆法（合成法、词缀法、词性转化法、缩写法。
）III、联想记忆法（增减字母法、谐音法、形象法。
）IV、同义词近义词记忆法V、反义词记忆法VI、形近字记忆法一、分类记忆法名词（1）星期(week)Monday（星期一）、Tuesday（星期二）、Wednesday（星期三）、Thursday（星期四）、Friday（星期五）、Saturday（星期六）、Sunday（星期天）（2）月份(month)January（一月）、February（二月）、March（三月）、April（四月）、May（五月）、June（六月）、July（七月）、August（八月）、September（九月）、October（十月）、November（十一月）、December（十二月）（3）季节(season)spring（春节）、summer（夏天）、autumn（秋天）、winter（冬天）（4）时间(time）second（秒）、minute（分）、hour（小时）、day（天）、night（夜）、week（星期）、month（月份）、year（年）、century（世纪）（5）国家(country)China(中国)、Japan（日本）、England(英国)、India（印度）、Canada（加拿大）、America / the United States(美国)、Australia（澳大利亚）、Germany（德国）、Russia（俄罗斯）、France（法国）（6）大洲Asia（亚洲）、Africa（非洲）、America（美洲）、Europe（欧洲）（7）方位(direction)east（东）、south（南）、west（西）、north（北）、left（左）、right（右）（8）交通工具(transport)bike / bicycle（自行车）、bus（公共汽车）、car（小汽车）、jeep（吉普车）、train（火车）、ship（轮船）、plane（飞机）（9）饮食(meal)breakfast（早餐）、lunch（午餐）、supper（晚餐）、dinner（正餐、晚餐）、snack（快餐）、picnic（野餐）（10）米面及肉类食品rice（米、米饭）、porridge（粥）、dumpling（饺子）、noodle【常用复数】（面条）、meat（肉）、beef（牛肉）、mutton（羊肉）、chicken（鸡肉）、egg（鸡蛋）（11）水果(fruit)Apple（苹果）、banana（香蕉）、pear（梨子）、orange（橙子）、strawberry（草莓）（12）蔬菜(vegetable)tomato（西红柿）、potato（马铃薯）、carrot（胡萝卜）、cabbage（洋白菜、卷心菜）、onion（洋葱）（13）零食(snack)chocolate（巧克力）、hamburger（汉堡包）、cake（蛋糕）、bread（面包）、mooncake（月饼）、ice cream （冰淇淋）、cheese（奶酪）、salad（沙拉）、dessert（甜食）、candy（糖果）、biscuit（饼干）、pie（馅饼）、cheese（干酪；奶酪）（14）饮料(drink)juice（果汁）、milk（牛奶）、tea（茶）、green tea（绿茶）、coffee（咖啡）（15）调料（relish）butter（黄油）、sauce（酱油）、sugar（糖）、salt（盐）（16）学习用品pen（钢笔）、pencil（铅笔）、eraser（橡皮擦）、ruler（直尺）、knife（小刀）（17）颜色(color)red 红色（的）、yellow黄色（的）、blue蓝色（的）、green绿色（的）、black黑色（的）、white白色（的）、orange橙黄色（的）、brown棕色（的）、褐色（的）、pink粉红色（的）、purple紫色（的）、gray灰色（的）（18）衣着clothes（衣服）、hat（帽子）、shirt（衬衫）、T-shirt（男衬衫）、coat（外套、上衣）、raincoat（雨衣）、uniform（制服）、skirt（裙子）、dress（裙子、衣服）、trousers（裤子）、pants（裤子）、jeans（牛仔裤）、shorts（短裤）、sock（袜子）、shoe（鞋子）（19）科目(subject)Chinese（汉语）、math（数学）、English（英语）、history（历史）、geography（地理）、biology（生物）、physics（物理）、chemistry（化学）、P.E.（体育）（20）身体部位(body)head（头）、hair（头发）、neck（脖子）、eye（眼睛）、nose（鼻子）、mouth（嘴巴）、tooth（牙齿）、ear（耳朵）、face（脸）、arm（手臂）、hand（手）、finger（手指）、heart（心）、back（背部）、knee （膝盖）、leg（腿）、foot（脚）（21）亲属father（父亲）、mother（妈妈）、parents（父母）、grandfather / grandpa（爷爷、外公）、grandmother / grandma（奶奶、外婆）、grandparents（爷爷奶奶、外公外婆）、brother（哥、弟）、sister（姐、妹）、cousin堂（表）兄弟、堂（表）姐妹、husband（丈夫）、妻子（wife）、son（儿子）、daughter（女儿）、uncle（叔、伯、舅、姨夫、姑父）、aunt（姨母、姑母、伯母、婶母、舅母）（22）动物(animal)lion（狮子）、tiger（老虎）、elephant（大象）、camel（骆驼）、cow（奶牛）、pig（猪）、fox（狐狸）、snake（蛇）、duck（鸭子）、chicken（鸡）、hen（母鸡）、bird（小鸟）、rabbit（兔子）、panda（熊猫）、deer（鹿）、giraffe（长颈鹿）、sheep（羊）、fish（鱼）、ant（蚂蚁）、mouse (mice) / rat（老鼠）、dog （狗）、cat（猫）、monkey（猴子）、pig（猪）（23）职业teacher（老师）、doctor（医生）、nurse（护士）、policeman（男警察）、policewoman（女警察）、reporter （记者）、shop assistant（店员）、bank clerk（银行职员）、waiter（服务员）、scientist（科学家）、student （学生）、farmer（农民）、fisherman（渔夫）、cook（厨师）、barber（理发师）（24）公共场所shop / store（商店）、bank（银行）、hospital（医院）、police station（警察局）、TV station（电视站）、stop（车站）、cinema（电影院）、theater（戏剧院）、hotel（旅馆）、restaurant（餐馆）、factory（工厂）、company（公司）、market（市场）、supermarket（超市）、museum（博物馆）、post office（邮局）、school （学校）、airport（飞机场）、church（教堂）（25）学校（school）primary school（小学）、middle school（中学）、junior high school（初中）、senior high school（高中）、university（大学）（26）房间(room)livingroom（起居室、客厅）、bedroom（卧室）、bathroom（洗澡房）、kitchen（厨房）（27）宇宙sun（太阳）、moon（月亮）、star（星星）、earth（地球）、sky（天空）、air（空气）、rain（雨）、cloud（云）、wind（风）、snow（雪）（28）天气（weather）sunny（晴朗的）、rainy（多雨的）、cloudy（多云的、阴天的）、windy（有风的）、snowy（多雪的）（29）运动（sport）basketball（篮球）、football（足球）、volleyball（排球）、baseball（网球）、tennis（羽毛球）、table tennis/ ping-pong（乒乓球）（30）乐器drum（鼓）、trumpet（喇叭）、piano（钢琴）、violin（小提琴）、guitar（吉他）二、构词记忆法1、合成法由两个或者两个以上的词合成新词，这种构词法叫做合成法。
地球系统科学
什么是地球系统科学进入21世纪，地球科学发展到“地球系统”的新阶段，强调地球岩石圈、水圈、大气圈和生物圈之间的相互作用，进而从整体地球系统的视野，对地球各圈层的相互作用过程和机理进行研究。
当前更多的对地观测体系(卫星、地表台站等)，更细的时空分辨率以及更强的数据处理(超级计算机)，正逐渐促进人类对地球的科学认知，增强人类适应全球环境变化的能力，并服务于可持续发展！一，地球系统科学的定义和特点地球是一个物质与能量不断相互作用下的一个非常复杂的非线性系统，它可以被划分为几个基本的圈层，各圈层之间彼此交错相互影响，圈层之间及内部随时间的相互作用构成了地球的演化。
地球系统指由大气圈、水圈（含冰冻圈）、地圈（含地壳、地幔和地核）、土壤圈和生物圈（包括人类）组成的有机整体。
地球系统科学主要研究各圈层的物质组成、结构分布、各圈层内部及之间一系列相互作用过程和形成演变规律，以及与人类活动相关的全球变化，为人类认知地球和绿色可持续发展提供科学支撑，以应对全球环境变化所带来的挑战。
地球系统的演化主要受内动力地质作用和外动力地质作用的共同驱动，其主要有两个能量输入体系。
一个是太阳在核聚变过程中向太阳系释放的太阳辐射能量，直接影响着地球气候变化、生物光合作用和岩石风化剥蚀等地球表层系统过程，是外动力地质作用最主要的能量供给；另外一个是地球内部放射性物质衰变、物质向地球深部迁移释放的重力势能和矿物结晶等释放的热量，对大陆漂移、海底扩张、板块运动、岩浆活动、地震作用、变质作用和构造运动等过程产生影响，是内动力地质作用最主要的能量供给。
地球作为一个由多时、空尺度过程构成的复杂巨系统，在空间上表现为多圈层体系。
地球各圈层（岩石圈—土壤圈—大气圈—水圈—生物圈）、各过程（生物过程、物理过程、化学过程）、各要素（如：山水林田湖草海）之间相互作用、相互联系、连锁响应。
地球系统科学将大气圈、生物圈、土壤圈、岩石圈、地幔/地核作为一个系统，通过大跨度的学科交叉，构建地球的演变框架，理解当前正在发生的过程和机制，预测未来几百年的变化。
Earth_Science练习题
Chapter 2 Composition of the Earth（Question of mineral and rocks）1. Which of the following is a required characteristic of minerals? EA) Inorganic solid. B) Naturally formed.C) Distinct chemical formula. D) Ordered arrangement of atoms. E) All of the above.2. What are the two most common elements in the earth's crust? DA) Carbon and nitrogen B) Hydrogen and heliumC) Iron and nickel D) Silicon and oxygen3. What kind of a silicate mineral is Hornblende (an amphibole)? CA) Orthosilicate (single tetrahedra). B) Single chain silicate.C) Double chain silicate. D) Sheet silicate.E) Framework silicate (three-dimensional networks).4. What kind of a silicate mineral is Muscovite (a mica)? DA) Orthosilicate (single tetrahedra). B) Single chain silicate.C) Double chain silicate. D) Sheet silicate.E) Framework silicate (three-dimensional networks).5. Which of the following is not a silicate mineral? BA) Augite. B) Calcite. C) Kaolinite. D) Olivine. E) Quartz.6. What mineral family does gypsum belong to? EA) Carbonates. B) Halides. C) Oxides. D) Silicates. E) Sulfates.7. What is another polymorph of the mineral diamond? BA) Calcite. B) Graphite. C) Halite D) Orthoclase. E) Quartz.8) Which of the following minerals is lowest on Mohs hardness scale? DA) Calcite. B) Diamond. C) Quartz. D) Talc. E) Topaz.9) What is a rock with mineral grains too small to see with the unaided eye called? AA) Aphanitic. B) Glass. C) Phaneritic. D) Porphyritic. E) Tuff.10) Which rock is the fine-grained equivalent of granite (same composition but aphanitic)? EA) Andesite. B) Basalt. C) Komatiite. D) Obsidian. E) Rhyolite.11) Which of the following rocks contains the most quartz (the lowest temperature mineral on Bowen's Reaction Series)? EA) Andesite. B) Basalt. C) Komatiite. D) Obsidian. E) Rhyolite.12) Which igneous rock is composed of unusually large crystals?A) Granite. B) Pegmatite. 结晶花岗岩C) Volcanic breccia.火山角砾岩D) Welded tuff. 熔结凝灰岩E) Xenolith. 捕虏岩13) What is the most abundant type of sedimentary rock? EA) Conglomerate. B) Evaporites. C) Limestone.D) Sandstone. E) Shale.14) Which sedimentary rock tends to be fissile? EA) Conglomerate. B) Evaporites. C) Limestone. D) Sandstone. E) Shale.15) Which sedimentary rock is usually composed of mostly quartz? DA) Conglomerate. B) Evaporites. C) Limestone. D) Sandstone. E) Shale.16) Which sedimentary rock is made of calcite? CA) Conglomerate. B) Evaporites. C) Limestone. E) Sandstone. F) Shale.17) Which sedimentary rock contains the smallest clasts?A) Conglomerate. B) Evaporites. C) Limestone. D) Sandstone. E) Shale.18) Which of these rocks is not detrital (clastic)?A) Arkose.长石砂岩B) Breccia. C) Dolostone. D) Graywacke.杂砂岩E) Quartz sandstone.19) What sequence of rock types will shale pass through with successively higher grades of metamorphism?A) Shale, phyllite, gneiss, schist, slate, partial melting.B) Shale, phyllite, gneiss, slate, schist, partial melting.C) Shale, phyllite, slate, schist, gneiss, partial melting.D) Shale, slate, phyllite, gneiss, schist, partial melting.E) Shale, slate, phyllite, schist, gneiss, partial melting.20) What type of metamorphism exhibits high temperature but low pressure? AA) Contact metamorphism. B) Fault zone metamorphism. C) Regional metamorphism. Chapter 3 Geologic time1. What is relative dating? CA) Going on a date with a sibling兄弟or cousin堂兄.B) Establishing that something happened a very long time ago.C) Establishing a sequence of events.D) Placing a specific date on an event. E) The concept of radioactivity.2. If a dike protrudes through several layers of rock, what can we conclude? DA) A batholith岩基resides nearby. B) A volcano resides nearby.C) The dike formed before the rock layers. D) The rock layers formed before the dike.E) The rock layers are igneous.3. What is an unconformity? AA) A sedimentary surface that represents a time gap in the sedimentary record.B) An offset补偿of sedimentary layers along a fault.C) The boundary between two rock types such as sandstone and shale.D) The top of an anticlinal fold背斜. E) Tilted (non-horizontal) strata.4. If sandstone in contact with a granite contains fragments of the granite, what can you infer? CA) The sandstone and granite are the same age. B) The granite is younger than the sandstone.C) The granite is older than the sandstone. D) The granite was intruded into the sandstone..5. Which of the following is not generally part of the formation of an angular unconformity? EA) Erosion. B) Folding. C) Marine regression海退.D) Marine transgression海进. E) Metamorphism.6. Which principle frequently uses dikes and faults for establishing sequences of events? AA) Cross-cutting relations. B) Faunal succession.C) Inclusions. D) Original horizontality. E) Superposition.7. Which of the following dating processes is most accurate for calculating the age the earth? BA) Heat loss from earth. B) Radioisotope dating. C) Rate of erosion.D) Saltiness of the ocean. E) Superposition.8) What conditions effect the decay rate of radioisotopes? FA) Bonding characteristics. B) Ionization. C) Pressure.D) Temperature. E) All of the above. F) None of the above.9) What does the term 'half life' refer to? DA) Half the time required for an atom of a given radioisotope to decay.B) Half the time required for all the atoms of a given radioisotope to decay.C) The time required for a decaying uranium atom to move half way toward becoming lead.D) The time required for half the atoms of a given radioisotope to decay.E) The time required for half of the nuclear material to leave an atom.10) What time units are eras代subdivided into? DA) Days. B) Eons. C) Epochs. D) Periods. E) Years.Chapter 4 plate tectonic1. Which layer of the earth's interior is liquid? DA) Crust B) Inner core C) Mantle D) Outer core E) All of the above2. What portion of the earth's volume is occupied by the mantle? EA) 20% B) 35% C) 50% D) 65% E) 80%3. What is the lithosphere composed of? BA) The continental and oceanic crust B) The crust and uppermost mantleC) The lower mantle D) The lower mantle and outer core E) The upper mantle4. What name did Wegener give to his proposed single supercontinent? DA) Eurasia B) Gondwanaland C) Laurasia D) Pangea E) Panthalassa5. What theory did magnetic anomalies on the seafloor give rise to? EA) Continental drift B) Isostasy C) Plate tectonics D) Rifting E) Seafloor spreading6. What does plate tectonic theory predict about the distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes? BA) They should be evenly distributed throughout the earth.B) They should occur primarily along plate boundaries.C) They should occur primarily in deep ocean basins.D) They should occur primarily on continents.E) They should only occur along continental margins.7. What is the San Andreas Fault in southern California an example of? EA) Active continental margin B) Convergent plate boundaryC) Divergent plate boundary D) Passive continental marginE) Transform plate boundary8) What has become accepted as the primary mechanism for seafloor spreading? CA) Density differences in the crust B) Gravitational and tidal forcesC) Mantle convection cells D) The pole-fleeing force E) Weight of seafloor sediments9) Which modern continents were derived from Gondwanaland? AA) Africa, Antarctica, Australia, India, South AmericaB) Africa, Antarctica, Australia, North America, South AmericaC) Asia, Antarctica, Australia, Europe, South AmericaD) Asia, Antarctica, Australia, North America, South AmericaE) Asia, Europe, India, North America, South America10) What is the current comprehensive theory of horizontal crustal movements? AA) Continental drift B) Isostasy C) Plate tectonics D) Rifting E) Seafloor spreadingChapter 5 Earthquake and Volcano1. What is the point on the surface nearest the earthquake? AA) Epicenter B) Focus C) Foreshock D) Scarp E) Seismograph2. Where do most earthquakes occur? BA) Along dikes B) Along faults C) Along foldsD) Along joints E) Along unconformities3. In what order do earthquake waves arrive at seismic stations? AA) P-waves, then S-waves, then surface waves B) S-waves, then P-waves, then surface waves C) S-waves, then surface waves, then P-waves D) Surface waves, then P-waves, then S-wavesE) Surface waves, then S-waves, then P-waves4. Which earthquakes travel through the earth's core? AA) Only P-waves B) Only P-waves and S-waves C) Only P-waves and surface wavesD) Only S-waves E) P-waves, S-waves, and surface waves5. Which waves cause the greatest amount of damage? DA) All equal B) P-waves C) S-waves D) Surface waves6. Which of the following is not associated with earthquake destruction? BA) Fires B) High winds C) Mass wasting D) Trembling earth E) Tsunamis7. Which region of the earth has the most frequent earthquakes? EA) Antarctic region B) Arctic region C) Atlantic region D) Indian region E) Pacific region8) Volcanic ash and dust can have the effect of ___. EA) reducing the sunlight that reaches Earth's surface, suppressing photosynthetic processesB) reducing Earth's surface temperature C) damaging aircraft that fly through the dustD) causing unusual weather E) All of the previous answers are correct.9) When basaltic lava cools under water, it forms _______ AA) pillow basalts B) flood basalts C) rift basalts D) sheet basalts E) regional basalts Chapter 6 Ocean1. What is the largest ocean on earth? DA) Arctic. B) Atlantic. C) Indian. D) Pacific.2. How deep are the ocean basins on average? CA) 4,000 feet. B) 4,000 km. C) 4,000 meters. D) 4,000 miles.3. What are the deepest parts of the ocean? EA) In ocean sinkholes. B) In random depressions. C) Near the continents.D) The middle of the ocean basins. E) In trenches（沟渠）formed by subduction zones.4. What is the most abundant dissolved ion in the oceans? BA) Calcium. B) Chlorine. C) Magnesium. D) Sodium. E) Sulfate.5. What is a typical salinity value for the oceans? EA) 5 ppt. B) 10 ppt C) 15 o/oo. D)25 ppt. E) 35 ppt.6. Where does ocean salinity tend to be the highest? AA) At desert latitudes. B) In deeper water.C) Near the equator. D) Near the poles. E) Near river mouths.7. What primarily drives the surface ocean currents? EA) Coriolis forces. B) Deep sea vents. C) Density differences between water bodies.D) Rotation of the earth. E) Winds.8. What primarily drives the deep ocean currents? CA) Coriolis forces. B) Deep sea vents.C) Density differences between water bodies. D) Rotation of the earth.E) Winds.9. As waves move along the surface of the water, what do water particles do? DA) They move back and forth in a direction parallel to wave motion.B) They move back and forth in a direction perpendicular to wave motion.C) They move along the crests of waves and can travel thousands of miles.D) They oscillate in circles whose diameters decrease with depth.E) They remain almost entirely motionless.10) How deep in water do surface waves cause particle motion? EA) Half the wave height. B) Exactly the wave height.C) Twice the wave height. D) Four times the wave height.E) Half the wave length.11. What determines wave speed in the open oceans?（此题待定，老师上课时没给答案）A) Wave height. B) Wave length. C) Wind velocity. D) All of the above.E) Wave speed is constant regardless of these factors.12. What is the relative tidal force of the sun and moon? DA) The sun and moon exert equal tidal forces on the earth.B) The sun exerts twice the tidal force of the moon.C) The sun exerts three times the tidal force of the moon.D) The moon exerts twice the tidal force of the sun.E) The moon exerts three times the tidal force of the sun.Chapter 7 Atmosphere1. What is the correct order of earth's atmospheric layers from bottom to top? EA) Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.B) Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.C) Stratosphere, Troposphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere, Exosphere.D) Troposphere, Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.E) Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.2. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer? CA) Exosphere. B) Mesosphere. C) Stratosphere. D) Thermosphere. E) Troposphere.3. In which layer do virtually all weather phenomena take place? EA) Exosphere. B) Mesosphere. C) Stratosphere. D) Thermosphere. E) Troposphere.4. What frequencies of electromagnetic radiation are absorbed by the earth's ozone layer? DA) Infrared light. B) Microwaves. C) Radio waves. D) Uhltraviolet ligt. E) Visible light.5. What frequencies of electromagnetic radiation are most abundantly emitted by the sun? CA) Infrared light. B) Microwaves. C) Radio waves. D) Ultraviolet light. E) Visible light.6. What instrument is used to measure air pressure? AA) Barometer. B) Radiosonde. C) Seismograph. D) Thermometer. E) Volt meter.7. What form of energy is radiated by the earth and trapped by greenhouse gasses to cause global warming? CA) Radio waves. B) Gamma rays. C) Infrared light. D) Ultraviolet light. E) Visible light. Chapter 8 Energy resources1. Which of the following energy resources is renewable?A) Coal. B) Hydroelectric power. C) Natural gas. D) Nuclear energy. E) Petroleum.2. Which of the following is not a fossil fuel?A) Coal. B) Natural gas. C) Petroleum. D) Tar sand. E) Uranium.3. What is the most heavily used energy resource in China today?A) Fossil fuels. B) Geothermal energy. C) Hydroelectric power. D) Nuclear energy.E) Solar energy.4. Which energy resource derives its energy from the earth's interior?A) Fossil fuels. B) Geothermal energy. C) Hydroelectric power.D) Nuclear energy. E) Solar energy.5. What is the most abundant pollutant from fossil fuel combustion.A) Carbon monoxide. B) Nitrogen oxides. C) Particulates.D) Sulfur oxides. E) Volatile organics.。
托福听力Earth science
Earth sciencetropical['trɔpikəl]adj. 热带的; 炎热的paradise['pærədais]n. 天堂, 天国；伊甸园；理想[完美]的地方, 乐园, 乐土；完美快乐的境界, 至福, 极乐source[sɔ:s]n. 河流的源头, 发源地；来源, 出处；原因；提供资料者, 资料来源proof[pru:f]n. 证明, 论证; 证据, 证物；校样, 样张aquifer['ækwifə]n. 地下蓄水层; 砂石含水层filter['filtə]n. 过滤, 过滤器vt. &透过, 过滤vi.vi. (消息等)走漏fossilize['fɔsə,laɪz]vt. 使成化石；使陈腐vi. 变成化石；变陈腐giraffe[dʒə'ræf]n. 长颈鹿monsoon[mɔn'su:n]n. (南亚、尤指印度洋的)季风； (与季风相伴的)雨季dynamic[dai'næmik]adj. 有活力的, 强有力的；不断变化的；动力的, 动态的motion['məuʃən]vt. (向…)打手势, 示意n. (物体的)运动；手势, 动作；提议, 动议tilt[tilt]vt. &(使)倾斜vi.n. 倾斜variation[,vɛəri'eiʃən]n. 变化, 变动(的程度)；变奏(曲)；变异, 变种abrupt[ə'brʌpt]adj. 突然的, 意外的；唐突的, 鲁莽的defer[di'fə:]vt. 拖延, 延缓, 推迟vi. 服从某人的意愿, 遵从parameter[pə'ræmitə]n. (限定性的)因素, 特性, 界限；〈物〉〈数〉参量, 参数retain[ri'tein]vt. 保持; 保留；止住; 容纳flourish['flʌriʃ]vi. 茂盛, 繁荣；兴旺发达vt. 挥动temporary['tempərəri]adj. 临时的, 暂时的, 短时间的impetus['impitəs]n. 推动, 促进, 刺激；推动力。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Magma: by rising magma intrusion within the earth's crust crust or spewed surface formed by condensation, andKnown as igneous rock. Magma mainly derived from the upper mantle asthenosphere, where high temperatures up to 1300 degrees, pressureAbout thousands of atmospheric pressure, so that the magma of great activity and energy, according to its activity is divided into extrusive rocksAnd intrusive rock.Does not reach the surface formed by condensation of rock called magma intrusive rock. Plutonic intrusive rock coarse particles. ShallowIntrusive rock fine particles or uneven size. Extrusive rock is in the lava spewed surface conditions, temperatureDegree low, cooling fast, often into the vitreous, semicrystalline or cryptocrystalline structure, having pores, rhyolitic structureAnd so on.By molten magma the heat of magma on the surface or underground, condenses the rocks. igneous rocks or as a rock. Sedimentary rocks is on the surface conditions of the weathering prepares, biological and the role of the water, air and glacial deposits of such forces handling, and to form rocks lithification of metamorphic rock formed rock ；the first in the lava, or Sedimentary rocks metamorphic rocks, with its in the geological of the environment is changing the role of the rocks. the earth's crust of the curtains and uwachi top of the igneous rocks and metamorphic rock formed from the surface of the next 16 kilometers of metamorphic rock and the volume accounted for 95%. the surface to Sedimentary rocks, they account for about 75% of the mainland, the ocean floors are almost completely covered by the sediment.1、The differences in characteristic rock-forming mineralsIgneous rock：nepheline、olivine、leuciteSedimentary rock：calcite、dolomite、c lay minerals、gypsum、anhydriteMetamorphic rock：talc、graphite、andalusite、garnet、kyanite、sericite、chloriteThe difference between three groups of rocks-Igneous rocks,Sedementary rocks,Metamorphic rocks-can be described from their mineral compositions，texture，structure,occurrence,common rocks and classification.Firstly,three main groups of rocks are not only have different mineral compositions,but also have the common mineral composition.Igneous rocks mostly composed by olivine,hornblende,biotiteand so on.The main composition of sedimentary rocks are calcite,dolomite,plaster.Mentamarphic roucks composition range from igneous rocks’ composition to sedimentary rocks’composition,also has its own mineral composition,like garnet.They also have common mineral compositions,like quartz,muscovite,feldspar and so on.The sedimetary rock is a geologic body which the not too deep place forms under the surface and the surface.It is under the normal temperature atmospheric pressure condition, by the weathering, the material which the biological function and certain volcanism produce after the transporting, the deposition and Cheng Yan and so on a series of geological function forms.sedimentary rocks are often observed in the wild, layered structure into a layer is constructed, the features unique to the sedimentary rocks. In the area of lava rock puberty is often see the rationale Section, which is basically not level; in mineral composition in lava rock, mineral, such as in the olive stone, Hui Shi, hornblende, and other minerals are under high pressure and temperature conditions in crystalline form of temperature and pressure conditions, therefore, it is not easy to keep the lava rock in the very rare minerals in sedimentary rocks. Even if the same people, such as minerals, although there are feldspar occur in their composition is also not the same. sedimentary rocks in the feldspar in general is high in potassium feldspar and sodium feldspar, acidic ramp in lava rock, and often the calcium content of relatively high base of feldspar, and in those in need of not found in sedimentary rocksIn general, we according to the following method to distinguish the three main type of roke.1),TextureMetamorphic rock:1 dynamic metamorphism form: tectonic breccia - rock - mylonitic - thousands of Mi Yan.（3）、the plate in some structure, tiny particles, or naked eye, such as SLATE. Article 4 ribbon, thousands of pieces. Common metamorphic(一)、there is apparent Traces of volcanic activity near the Extrusive ,such as Crater, volcanic cones, lava flows.Magmatic rock is defined by the deep crustal rock crust weak zone increased invasive crust or sub-surface after condensation and rock. Magmatic rock mainly consists of: pyroxene, quartz, plagioclase, ZhengChangShi, white mica, black mica, Angle flash stone, stone etc Gan; The structure of the magmatic rocks can be divided into Phanerocrystalline texture, Cryptocrystalline structure, Glass structure and Porphyritic structure; Structure of grain structure, porosity flow shape structure, almond shape structure and massive tectonic four types. Common magmatic rocks have granite, long rocks, mengshan rock and hui long rock.As we know, geologist separate rocks into three classes: igneous rock ,sedimentary rock,metaorphic rock. There are differ formeach other in some spheres.The source of igneous rocks is magma. All rock at the earth’s surface disintegrate, as a result of water, wind, under the pressure, with time sediment is cemented together to form sedimentary. Metamorphic rock is a rock which has undergone chemical and or structural transformation form its original solid form in high pressure and tempurature.75% of the earth’s surface is sedimontary rock and 25% is igneous rock.。