新产品设计与开发程序(中英文)
研发常用中英文术语对照表
metal cosmetic defect cosmetic inspect defective to staking defective-products deficient manufacturing procedure deficient purchase discoloration easily damaged parts excesssive gap scratch mixed color painting peel off poor processing lack of painting lots of production manufacture procedure reverse angle = chamfer to storage delivery deadline delivery, to deliver monitor horizontal frequency brightness contrast resultion respones time front bezel rear bezel stand base contral key panel lift swivel pivot tilt motherboard Platform development plan DVT(SDV) DVT design Schematic design Schematic check Placement Placement check
中文对照名 Chinese Name Contrasted 英文全称 Full Description Item/Content 分类/部件 System board 系统主板 芯片组 Chipset 处理器 Processor 内存 memory 内存插槽数 DIMM slot I/O Ports 接口 串行口 COM port 并行口 Parallel port 主机前面板USB接口 Front USB port 主机后面板USB接口 Rear USB port 其它位置USB接口 Other USB port PS/2接口 PS/2 port 前置Audio Front Audio 后置Audio Rear Audio Graphics Processor 图形处理器 显示卡 Graphics Card Drive Disk 驱动器 硬盘 Hard Drives 光盘驱动器 Optical Drives 软盘驱动器 Floppy Drives Other components 其他部件 声卡 Sound 网卡 Ethernet 无线网卡 WLAN card 调制解调器 Modem 鼠标 Mouse 键盘 Keyboard 耳麦 MIC 音箱 Speakers 机箱结构 Form Factor 电视卡 TV card 读卡器 Media card reader Extended Slots Count 扩展槽数量 最大插卡数量 Slots Total Count AGP AGP ISA ISA PCI PCI PCI Express*16 PCI Express*16 PCI Express*1 PCI Express*1 AMR AMR Bays 驱动器托架
美国简略新药申请(ANDA)介绍(中英文对照)
仿制药的简略新药申请程序（ANDA Process）•前言•简略新药申请的指南文件•法律，法规，政策和程序o美国联邦法典o政策和程序手册•ANDA 表格和电子申请•药品开发和评审定义•药品开发方面的常见问题•相关主题前言An Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) contains data which when submitted to FDA's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, provides for the review and ultimate approval of a generic drug product. 简略新药申请（ANDA）所包括的资料被交至FDA药品评审和研究中心所属的仿制药办公室，用于仿制药的评审和最终批准。
Once approved, an applicant may manufacture and market the generic drug product to provide a safe, effective, low cost alternative to the American public.一旦批准，则申请者可以生产和销售该仿制药以向美国公众提供安全，有效，廉价的替代品。
A generic drug product is one that is comparable to an innovator drug product in dosage form, strength, route of administration, quality, performance characteristics and intended use. 仿制药在剂型，剂量，服用方式，质量，性能特征和用途方法都是和原创药物相当的。
(中英文)业务计划控制程序Business Plans Control Procedure
1 目的Objective为了不断提高公司产品的市场占有率和竞争力，采取通过与竞争对手进行比较的方式，制订本公司的业务计划，并对业务计划在公司有效实施和沟通进行控制。
Through comparison with competitors, the business plan is formulated to enhance market shares and competitiveness of AICQ products, while to control their effective execution and communication within the company.2 适用范围Applicable Scope涉及公司财务、市场、产品设计和开发、过程设计和开发、质量、生产、人事和环保领域。
This is applicable to the finance, markets, products R & D, process R & D, quality, production, human resources and environmental protection.3 职责Responsibility3.1 总经理办公室负责组织相关部门制订各项业务计划并进行汇总，同时监控业务计划的实施。
GM Office is responsible for organizing relevant departments to formulate various business plans, as well as supervising the implementation of business plans.3.2 各个部门负责编制本部门的业务目标，并实施业务计划。
Every department establish the business objectives of oneself, and implement the business plan .3.3 总经理负责业务计划的批准。
课程中英文名称对照
课程中文名称课程英文名称“三个代表”重要思想概论Introduction to the Great Thoughts of "Three R eprensents"《资本论》选读Selected Readings in Marx s Capitalism3dsmax造型设计3dsmax DesignAuto CAD设计绘图Graphics and Design Based on Auto CADB to B营销学（芬兰留学） B to B MarketingC++语言程序设计C++ Language ProgrammingC++语言程序设计课程设计Course Design for C++ Language ProgrammingCAD/CAE CAD/CAE (Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Engineering) CAD/CAM CAD/CAM(Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacture)CAD/CAM基础Basics of CAD/CAM(Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacture)CAD/CAM课程设计Course Design of CAD/CAM(Computer Aided Design and Comp uter Aided Manufacture)CAD/CAM原理Principles of CAD/CAM(Computer Aided Design and Computer Ai ded Manufacture)CI策划与设计CI(Corporate Identit) Planning and DesignCMM/ISO9000 CMM/ISO9000CS理论与实务Theories and Practice of CSC语言 C LanguageC语言程序设计 C Language ProgrammingC语言程序设计课程设计Course Design for C Language ProgrammingDSP技术及应用DSP Techniques and ApplicationDSP开发系统及应用DSP Development System and Its ApplicationDSP原理及应用Principles and Application of DSPExcel与会计信息处理Excel and Accounting Information ProcessingInternet 应用Application of InternetInternet概论Introduction to InternetInternet与电子政务Internet and E-GovernmentIT项目管理IT Project ManagementJava程序设计及应用Java Programming and Its ApplicationJava语言Java languageJava语言程序设计Java language ProgrammingJava语言程序设计课程设计Course Design for Java Language Programming LATEX论文排版系统入门Introduction to LATEX Thesis Processing SystemLinux操作系统Linux Operating SystemMathematica工学解析Engineering Analysis with Mathematica (Engineering Analysis and Mathematica)MATLAB及工程分析MATLAB and Engineering AnalysisMIS开发工具与案例MIS Development Tools and CasesPB程序设计PB ProgrammingPLC原理及应用Principles and Application of PLCPOP广告设计POP Advertising DesignPro/ENGINEER Pro/Engineer softwarePro-E三维造型设计Three-Damensional Design with Pro/Engineer softwareSPSS统计分析"StatisticalProduct and Service Solutions Software"VB程序设计VB ProgrammingVB设计基础Basics of VB ProgrammingVisual Foxpro程序设计Visual Foxpro ProgrammingWeb技术Web TechniquesWeb数据库Web DatabaseWeb应用技术Web TechniquesWeb应用技术课程设计Course Design for Web TechniquesWindows程序设计（VB）Windows Programming (VB)WTO案例分析Analysis of WTO CasesWTO法律制度Law and Regulations of WTOWTO规则（英文讲授）Rules of WTO(in English)XML技术XML (Extensible Stylesheet Language) Techniques安保与消防系统Safety and Fire-control System办公自动化Office Automation包装CAD CAD(Computer Aided Design ) for Packaging包装测试技术Package-testing Techniques包装工艺学Packaging Technology包装管理与法规Management and Statute of Packaging包装过程自动化Automation of Packaging Process包装结构课程设计Course Design for Package Structure包装结构设计Package Structure Design包装设计Package Design包装印刷及后序加工Package Printing and Follow-up Processing包装装潢课程设计Course Design for Packaging Decoration包装装潢设计Packaging Decoration Design包装装潢设计基础Fundamentals of Packaging Decoration Design保险电算化Electronic Insurance保险法Insurance Law保险概论Introduction to Insurance保险会计学Insurance Accounting保险经营管理学Insurance Operation and Management保险精算学Actuarial Science of Insurance保险市场Insurance Market保险统计学Insurance Statistics保险学Insurance保险学原理Principles of Insurance保险制度比较Comparative Studies on Insurance Systems保险专题讲座Lectures on Insurance比较税制Comparative Taxation System笔译（汉-英）Translation (Chinese to English)笔译（汉-英二）Translation (Chinese to EnglishⅡ)笔译（汉-英一）Translation (Chinese to EnglishⅠ)笔译（英-汉）Translation (English to Chinese)笔译（英-汉二）Translation (English to Chinese Ⅱ)笔译（英-汉一）Translation (English to Chinese Ⅰ)笔译实习Translation Practice毕业论文Diploma Thesis毕业论文（设计）Diploma Project and Thesis毕业论文与设计Diploma Project and Thesis毕业设计Diploma Project毕业设计（论文）Diploma Project and Thesis毕业设计经济分析报告Diploma Project—Report of Economic Analysis毕业实习Practice on Diploma Project (Thesis)毕业实习（1）Practice on Diploma Project (Thesis)Ⅰ毕业实习（1）（01）（假期）Practice on Diploma Project (Thesis)Ⅰ毕业实习（1）（假期）Practice on Diploma Project (Thesis)Ⅰ毕业实习（2）Practice on Diploma Project (Thesis)Ⅱ毕业实习（2）（01）Practice on Diploma Project (Thesis)Ⅱ毕业实习（3）Practice on Diploma Project (Thesis)Ⅲ毕业实习、毕业论文Diploma Thesis and Practice毕业实习、毕业设计Diploma Project and Practice on It毕业实习、毕业设计（论文）Diploma Project (Thesis) and Practice 毕业实习、毕业设计(论文）Diploma Project (Thesis) and Practice毕业实习、设计（论文）Diploma Project (Thesis) and Practice编排设计Layout Design of Publication编译原理Principles of Compiling表面活性剂化学Surfactant Chemistry表现技法Presentation Techniques播音学概论Introduction to Broadcasting播音与主持作品鉴赏Appreciation of Broadcasting and Hosting Art博览会考察周Exhibition Investigation Seminar博物馆考察周Museum Investigation Seminar博物馆展示设计Design of Museum Exhibition材料科学导论Introduction to Material Science材料力学Material Mechanics材料市场调研Survey of Material Market材料性能测试技术Techniques of Material Performance Measurement材料与工艺Materials and Material Processing Technology财产保险学Property Insurance财务报表分析Business Analysis with Finacial Statements财务管理学Financial Management财务会计学Financial Accounting财政学Public Finance财政与税收Public Finance and Taxation采购学Purchasing餐饮管理Catering Management操作系统Disk Operating System测绘Measurement and Drafting测控技术Measurement and Control Technology测试技术Testing Technology测试技术课程设计Course Design for Testing Technology产品结构设计Product Structure Design产品界面设计Product Interface Design产品开发设计Product Development Design产品设计Product Design产品设计（1）Product Design Ⅰ产品设计（2）Product Design Ⅱ产品设计（二）Product Design Ⅱ产品设计（三）Product Design Ⅲ产品设计（四）Product Design Ⅳ产品设计（一）Product Design Ⅰ产品设计程序与方法Procedure and Methodology of Product Design产品设计课程设计Course Exercises of Product Design产品设计与策划Product Design and Planning产品摄影Product Photography产品摄影实践Practice of Product Photography产品数字化设计技术Technology of Product Digital Design产品系统设计Product System Design产业经济学Industrial Economics车辆空调Vehicle Air-condition车辆人机环境工程学Vehicle Man-machine-evironment Engineering 车用动力概论Introduction to Vehicular Internal Combustion Engine成本管理会计Cost and Managerial Accounting成本会计学Cost Accounting城市经济学Urban Economics抽样调查Sampling Survey出版概论Introduction to Publishing橱窗展示设计Window-exhibition Design传播心理学Communication Psychology传递过程原理Principles of Transfer Course传统工艺品鉴赏与收藏Appreciation and Collection of Traditional Crafts传统装饰工艺设计Traditional Decorative Craft Design创新设计Innovative Design创新设计概论Introduction to Innovative Design创造工程学Creative Engineering Mechanism Design创造思维与技法Creative Thinking and Techniques创造学Creatology大气污染控制工程Air Pollution Control Engineering大气污染气象学基础Fundamentals of Air Pollution Meteorology大学俄语（二）College Russian Ⅱ大学俄语（三）College Russian Ⅲ大学俄语（四）College Russian Ⅳ大学俄语（一）College Russian Ⅰ大学化学College Chemistry大学美育"College AestheticEducation"大学日语（二）College JapaneseⅡ大学日语（三）College Japanese Ⅲ大学日语（四）College Japanese Ⅳ大学日语（一）College Japanese Ⅰ大学生思想修养Moral Cultivation for College Students大学生心理健康与咨询Psychological Health and Counseling大学数学College Mathematics大学物理(一) College Physics Ⅰ大学英语(二) College English Ⅱ大学语文College Chinese大众传播学Mass Communication代谢调控Metabolism Control单片机及接口技术Mono-Chip Computer and Interface T echniques单片机及接口技术课程设计Course Design for Mono-Chip Computer and Inter face Techniques单片机原理Principles of Mono-Chip Computer单片机原理及接口技术Principles of Mono-Chip Computer and Interface Tec hniques单片机原理及应用Principles and Application of Mono-Chip Computer单片机原理课程设计Course Design for Principles and Application of Mono-Chip Computer当代世界经济与政治Contemporary International Economy and Politics当代台湾Studies on Modern Taiwan当代中国马克思主义Contemporary Marxism in China当代中国外交Contemporary Diplomacy in China当代中国哲学Contemporary Philosophy in China导游基础与业务Principles and Practice of Tourguiding邓小平理论概论Introduction to Deng Xiaoping s Theory地球科学导论Introduction to Earth Science第二外语（二）The Second Foreign Language Ⅱ电磁场与电磁波Electromagnetic Field and Electromagnetic Wave电工电子技术Electrical and Electronic Engineering电工电子课程设计Course Design for Electrical and Electronic Engineering电工电子学Electronics in Electrical Engineering电工技术Electrical Engineering电机及电力拖动基础Fundamentals of Electrical Machinery and ElectricalDrive电机与电力拖动基础Fundamentals of Electrical Machinery and ElectricalDrive电力电子技术Power Electronic Technology电路CAA CAA(Computer Aided Analysis) for Circuit电路计算机辅助分析与设计Computer Aided Analysis and Design for Circuit电路理论分析Theoretical Analysis for Circuit电路原理Principles of Circuit电脑美术设计Computer-based Art Design电脑平面设计Computer-based Graphic Design电气控制技术Electrical Control Technology电气控制技术课程设计Course Design for Electrical Control Technology电气控制与PLC Electrical Control and PLC(Programmable Logic Controller)电气控制与PLC课程设计Course Design for Electrical Control and PLC(Prog rammable Logic Controller )电气与PLC 控制Electrical and Programmable Logic Control电器及PLC控制技术Electrical Appliances and PLC(Programmable Logic Controller ) Technology电视播音与主持TV Broadcasting and Hosting电视画面研究TV Tableau Studies电视节目采编TV Programme Gathering and Editing电视节目策划与编导TV Programme Planning and Editing电视节目形态研究TV Programme Pattern Studies电视美学TV Aesthetics电视新闻TV News电影艺术欣赏Appreciation of Film Art电子工艺实习Practice on Electronic Working Technics电子技能训练（二）Electronic Technical Training电子技术Electronic Techniques电子技术CAD Electronic Techniques Based on CAD(Computer Aided Design)电子商务E-Commerce电子商务安全E-Commerce Security电子商务案例分析Case Analysis of E-Commerce电子商务法规与安全E-Commerce Regulations and Security电子商务概论Introduction to E-Commerce电子商务技术E-Commerce Technology电子商务技术课程设计Course Design for E-Commerce Technology电子商务模拟E-Commerce Modeling Operation电子商务系统规划与设计Systematic Planning and Scheming of E-Commerce电子商务系统规划与设计课程设计Course Design for Systematic Planning an d Scheming of E-Commerce电子设计自动化Automation of Electronical Design电子实习Practice on Electronic Technology雕塑Sculpture调查研究方法Methodology of Investigation and Research调香术Technology of Artificial Flavor Production东西方哲学比较Comparative Studies on Oriental and Western Philosophy动画设计Animation Design多媒体光盘课件Multimedia Disk Courseware多媒体计算机技术Multimedia Computer Technology多媒体技术基础Fundamentals of Multimedia Technology多媒体技术与应用Multimedia Technology and its Application多媒体设计Multimedia Design多媒体艺术设计Multimedia Art Design二十世纪英美文学选读Selected Readings from the 20th Century English and American Literature二外俄语（二）Russian as the Second Foreign Language Ⅱ二外法语（二）French as the Second Foreign Language Ⅱ二外日语Japanese as the Second Foreign Language发酵工程及产品"Fermentation Engineering and its Product"发酵工艺实验（分散进行）Experiments of Fermentation Technics()发酵食品技术Food Fermentation Technology发型Hairstyle发展经济学Economics on Development法理学Nomology法律基础Fundamentals of Law法律逻辑Legal Logics法律职业形象设计Image Design of Legistration-related Profession法学基础理论Fundamentals of Science of Law翻译理论Translation Theories犯罪心理学Criminological Psychology犯罪学Criminology饭店布局与设计Hotel Layout and Design饭店财务管理Hotel Financial Management饭店服务Hotel Service饭店工程与设备管理Hotel Project and Facility Management饭店经营与管理Hotel Operation and Management饭店前厅与客房管理Hotel Front Office and Room Department Management饭店人力资源管理Hotel Personnel Management饭店设备管理Hotel Facility Management饭店营销学Hotel Marketing房地产法Real Property Law房地产法律制度Real Property Legislation房地产经营与管理RealEstate Operation and Management仿生学Bionics分析化学Analytical Chemistry分析检测专题实验Experiments for Analytical Measurement分子生物学Molecular Biology芬兰语言和文化（芬兰留学）Finnish Language and Culture风险管理Risk Management风险理论与非寿险精算Risk Theories and Actuarial Mathematics of Non-life Insurance风险投资Risk Investment服务管理学Service Management服务连锁经营Service Chains Operation服装设计Fashion Design辅助管理决策系统Assistant System for Decision Making in Management复变函数Complex Function复变函数论Introduction to Complex Function复合材料Composite Materials概率论Probability概率论与数理统计Probability and Statistics高等代数与空间解析几何（二）"Advanced Algebra and SpaceAnalytic Geometry Ⅱ"高等数学（上）Advanced Mathematics Ⅰ高等数学（微积分）精讲Advanced Mathematics(Calculus)高分子材料加工工程设计Engineering Design of Polymer Material Processin g高分子材料进展Development of Polymer Materials高分子材料学Studies on Polymer Materials高分子材料研究方法Methodology in Polymer Material Studies高分子分子设计Polymer Design高分子工程设计概论Introduction to Polymer Engineering Design高分子化学Polymer Chemistry高分子化学及物理Polymer Chemistry and Physics高分子涂料Polymer Coating高分子物理Polymer Physics高分子物理实验Experiments for Polymer Physics高分子原料与助剂Polymer Materials and Aids高分子粘合剂Polymer Adhensive高级财务会计学Advanced Financial Accounting高级听力Advanced Listening高级写作Advanced Writing高级英语Advanced English高级英语口语Advanced Speaking高级语言程序设计Programming of Advanced Computer Languages高级运筹学Advanced Operation Research高技术产品营销High-tech Manufacture Marketing高聚物共混改性原理Principles of Polymer Blending Modification高聚物现代仪器分析方法Methodology of Modern Instrumental Analysis for Polymer高频电子线路High-frenquency Electronic Technology歌剧赏析Appreciation of Operas工厂供电Power Supplying for Factory工厂供电课程设计Course Design for Power Supplying for Factory工程材料Engineering Materials工程化学Engineering Chemistry工程环境Engineering Environment工程经济学Engineering Economics工程力学Engineering Mechanics工程设计概论Introduction to Engineering Design工程设计软件Software for Engineering Design工程塑料Engineering Plastics工程制图Engineering Drawing工程制图实践Practice on Engineering Drawing工商管理专题研究Research on Business Management工业产品造型设计Modeling Design of Industrial Products工业产权法Industrial Property Law工业分析Industrial Analysis工业机器人Industrial Robot工业技术创新Industrial Technology Innovation工业技术创新概论Introduction to Industrial Technology Innovation工业美术基础Fundamentals of Industrial Art工业设计导论Introduction to Industrial Design工业设计史History of Industrial Design工业造型设计Industrial Modeling Design公差与技术测量Technical Measurement and Common Difference公共关系学Public Relations公共行政Public Administration公共艺术设计Commonality Art Design公司财务2（芬兰留学）Corporate Finance Ⅱ公司法Company Law公司证券法Company and Securities Law公司治理与运作Corporation Administration and Operation公益劳动（分散进行）Social Work公众、商务、学术、英语演说Public/Business/Academic/English Speech功能高分子Functional Polymer功能高分子材料Functional Polymer Materials功能性食品Functional Food供应链管理Supply Chains Management沟通理论与方法Theories and Methodology of Communication沟通原理与方法Principles and Methodology of Communication购买者行为分析Phachasing Behavior Analysis古诗词鉴赏Appreciation of Classic Poetry固定收益债券Fixed-income Securities固体废弃物处理与处置Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal管理博弈论Game Theory in Management管理会计学Management Accounting管理经济学Management Economics管理决策模型与方法Methodology and Modeling in Management Decision Making管理科学专题Topics on Science of Management管理模拟Management Simulation管理认识实习Perceptual Practice on Managenment管理软件应用Management Software Application管理思想发展史History of Management Thoughts管理信息系统Management Information System管理学Management管理学基础与应用Fundamentals and Application of Management管理英语Management English管理咨询Management Conselling管理综合模拟Comprehensive Simulation of Management光电检测及信息系统课程设计Course Design for Optoelectronic Detection a nd Information System光电检测原理与技术Principles and Technology of Optoelectronic Detection光电检测原理与技术课程设计Course Design for Principles and Technology of Optoelectronic Detection光电探测与信号处理Optoelectronic Detection and Signal Processing光电显示与接口技术Optoelectronic Displaying and Interface Technology光电子技术基础Fundamentals of Optoelectronic Technology光电子器件原理与应用Principles and Application of Optoelectronic Devices光纤器件及通信技术Optical Fibre Devices and Communication Technology 光纤通信系统课程设计Course Design for Fibre Optical Communication广播播音与主持Radio Broadcasting and Hosting广播电视概论Introduction to Radio and Television广告策划Advertising Planning广告传播Advertising Communication广告经营管理Advertising Operation and Management广告媒体研究Studies on Advertising Media广告美学Advertising Aesthetics广告设计Advertising Design广告设计（1）Advertising Design Ⅰ广告设计（2）Advertising Design Ⅱ广告摄影Advertising Photography广告文案Advertising Copywriting广告心理Advertising Psychology广告心理学Advertising Psychology广告学概论Introduction to Advertising广告英语Advertising English广告专题研究Research on Advertising国画Chinese Traditional Painting国际法International Law国际饭店业International Hospitality国际服务贸易International Service Trade国际关系International Relations国际广告及伦理International Advertising Ethics国际货物运输International Freight Transfer国际技术贸易International Technology Trade国际结算International Settlement国际金融International Finance国际金融与结算International Finance and Settlement国际经济法International Economic Law国际经济合作International Economic Cooperation国际经济学International Economics国际经贸英语English for International Trade国际经贸英语口语Oral English for International Trade国际礼仪与民俗International Rites and Folk Customs国际旅游概况General Survey of International Tourism国际贸易International Trade国际贸易地理International Trade Geography国际贸易法International Trade Law国际贸易法（英文讲授）International Trade Law (in English)国际贸易惯例International Trade Practice国际贸易理论评价Comments on International Trade Theories国际贸易理论与实务International Trade Theories and Practice国际贸易模拟实习Practice on Modeling International Trade国际贸易实务International Trade Affairs国际贸易实务模拟实验Experiments for Modeling International Trade Affai rs国际贸易史History of International Trade国际民事诉讼法与国际商事仲裁（英文讲授）International Law of Civil Pro cedures and Business Arbitration (in English)国际企业经营管理International Enterprise Operation and Management国际商法International Business Law国际商法（上）International Business Law Ⅰ国际商务（芬兰留学）International Business国际商务管理（芬兰留学）International Business Management国际商务函电Correspondence in International Business国际市场营销学International Marketing国际税收International Taxation国际私法Private International Law国际投资法（英文讲授）International Investment Law (in English)国际投资学International Investment国际物流实务International Logistic Affairs国际物流学International Logistics国际营销与管理（芬兰留学）International Marketing and Management国际运输与保险International Transportation and Insurance国家俄语四级Russian Test,Band 4国家日语四级Japanese Test, Band 4国家税收National Taxation国家英语六级CET-6(College English Test, Band 6)国家英语四级CET-4(College English Test, Band4)国家预算Government Budget国民经济核算体系National Economic Accounting System过程控制系统Process Control System海商法Maritime Law海商法（英语教学）Maritime Law( in English)海上保险学Marine Insurance海外证券市场Overseas Securities Market合唱艺术Art of Choral Music合同法Contract Law宏观经济学Macroeconomics互联网广告Advertising on Internet互溶双液系相图的绘制"Drawing of Intersoluble BinaryLiquid Diagram"化工CAD CAD(Computer Aided Design) in Chemical Engineering化工单元操作Unit Operation in Chemical Engineering化工分离过程Chemical Seperation Process化工工艺计算Calculations in Chemical Engineering Technology化工工艺设计CAD基础CAD(Computer Aided Design) Fundamentals for Techni cal Design of Chemical Engineering化工工艺设计概论Introduction to Technical Design of Chemical Engineering化工工艺设计概论课程设计Course Design for Introduction to Technical Design of Chemical Engineering化工工艺学Chemical Engineering Technology化工过程仿真Process Simulation of ChemicalEngineering化工过程分析与模拟Process Analysis and Simulation of Chemical Engineering化工过程基础Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering Process化工过程开发Process Exploitation in Chemical Engineering化工过程控制Process Control in Chemical Engineering化工过程设计Process Design in Chemical Engineering化工计算机辅助计算Computer Aided Calculation in Chemical Engineering化工计算机辅助设计CAD(Computer Aided Design) in Chemical Engineering化工热力学Thermodynamics of Chemical Engineering化工软件编程基础Fundamentals of Software Programming in Chemical Engin eering化工设备基础Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering Equipment化工设计Chemical Engineering Design化工污染控制Pollution Control in Chemical Engineering化工仪表及自动化Chemical Meters and Automation化工优化方法Optimize Methods in Chemistry Engineering化工原理（上）Principles of Chemical Engineering Ⅰ化工原理单元操作Unit Operation in Principles of Chemical Engineering化工原理课程设计Course Design for Principles of Chemical Engineering化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering化学分离理论与方法Separation Theories and Methodology in Chemistry化学分析Chemical Analysis化学工程基础Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering化学工程基础实验Experiments for Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering化学工程与工艺实验Experiments for Chemical Engineering and Technology化学史History of Chemistry化学信息学导论"Introduction to ChemicalInformatics"化学综合设计性实践操作Comprehensive Designing Experiments in Chemistry化妆Make-up Course化妆Ⅰ（化妆基础）Make-up Course Ⅰ(Basics )化妆Ⅱ（生活妆/影视妆）Make-up Course Ⅱ(Daily life Make-up / TV and F ilm Make-up)化妆Ⅲ（古妆）Make-up Course Ⅲ(Ancient Style Make-up)化妆Ⅳ（种族妆/老年妆）Make-up Course Ⅳ(Ethnic Make-up / Aging Make-u p )化妆品技术与应用Technology and Application of Cosmetics化妆品学Cosmetic Studies化妆设计Make-up Design画法几何与工程制图Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphing画法几何与工程制图（上）Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphing Ⅰ画法几何与工程制图（下）Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphing Ⅱ画法几何与机械制图（下）Descriptive Geometry and Mechanical GraphingⅡ环境、化学与人类健康Evironment, Chemistry and Human Being Health环境保护与可持续发展Environmental Protection and Sustainable Developm ent环境法Environmental Law环境工程实验Experiments for Environmental Engineering环境工程学Environmental Engineering环境管理与环境法Environmental Management and Environmental Law环境规划Environmental Planning环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境监测Environmental Monitoring环境经济学Environmental Economics环境生态学Environmental Ecology环境生物技术Environmental Biotechnology环境生物学Environmental Biology环境视觉设计Environmental Visual-design环境微生物学基础Fundamentals of Environmental Microbiology环境信息系统Environmental Information System环境学Environmental Science环境学导论Introduction to Environmental Science环境艺术设计基础Fundamentals of Environmental Art Design环境与展示设计Environmental and Exhibition Design环境质量评价Environmental Quality Assessment汇编语言程序设计Assembly Language Programming汇编语言程序设计课程设计Course Design for Assembly Language Programmin g会计报表分析Accounting Report Analysis会计实验Experiments for Accounting会计学Accounting会计学概论Introduction to Accounting会计学原理Principles of Accounting会计制度设计Accounting System Design婚姻法Marriage Law婚姻与继承法Marriage and Heritage Law货币银行学Money and Banking货币与金融统计学Money and Financial Statistics货物运输保险Cargo Transportation Insurance机电基础Fundamentals of Mechanical-Electrical Technology机电基础（二）Fundamentals of Mechanical-Electrical Technology Ⅱ机电基础（一）Fundamentals of Mechanical-Electrical Technology Ⅰ机电接口技术Mechanical-Electrical Interface Technology机电控制课程设计Course Design for Mechanical-Electrical Control机电系统设计Mechanical-Electrical System Design机电系统设计课程设计Course Design for Mechanical-Electrical System De sign机电一体化系统设计"Mechanical and Electrical Integration System Design"机电综合实训Comprehensive Practice on Mechanical-Electrical Technology机构设计学Mechanism Design机器人学Studies on Robot机械工程基础（二）Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Ⅱ机械工程基础（一）Fundamentals of Mechanical Engineering Ⅰ机械可靠性设计Mechanical Reliability Design机械控制工程Mechanical Control Engineering机械设计Machanical Design机械设计基础Fundamentals of Machanical Design机械设计基础课程设计Course Design for Fundamentals of Machanical Desi gn机械设计课程设计Course Design for Machanical Design机械设计学Studies on Machanical Design机械设计学课程设计Course Design for Studies on Machanical Design机械优化设计Optimum Design of Machinery机械原理Mechanical Principles机械原理课程设计Course Design for Mechanical Principles机械振动Machine Vibration机械制造工程基础（Ⅰ、Ⅱ）Fundamentals of Mechanical Manufacture Ⅰ/Ⅱ机械制造工艺学Mechanical Manufacture Technology机械制造工艺学课程设计Course Design for Mechanical Manufacture Techno logy积分变换Integral Transformation基础英语（二）Essential English Ⅱ基因工程原理Principles of Genetic Engineering激光应用Laser Application集散控制系统DCS (Distributed Control System)计量经济学Econometrics计算方法Numerical Analysis计算机CI设计Computer-based Corporate Identity Design计算机Pro/E Computer Software——Pro/E (Professional Engineer)计算机包装装潢设计Computer-based Packaging Decoration Design计算机操作Computer Operation６０１－９００计算机动画设计"Computer-based AnimationDesign"计算机多媒体制作Computer-based Multimedia Making计算机犯罪Computer Crime计算机仿真与MATLAB Computer Simulation and MATLAB (Numerical Computing Software)计算机辅助机械设计Computer Aided Machine Design计算机辅助模具设计Computer Aided Molding Design计算机辅助平面设计Computer Aided Graphic Design计算机辅助设计基础Fundamentals of CAD (Computer Aided Design)计算机辅助造型设计CAS（Computer Aided Styling）计算机辅助展示设计Computer Aided Exhibition Design计算机广告设计Computer Aided Advertising Design计算机会计Computer Accounting计算机会计基础Fundamentals of Computer Accounting计算机会计实务Computer Accounting Practice计算机会计与审计Computer Accounting and Auditing计算机绘图Computer Graphing计算机基础训练Fundamental Trainings on Computer Application计算机基础英语Essential English for Computer计算机基础与操作（上）Computer Basis and Application Ⅰ计算机基础与操作（下）Computer Basis and Application Ⅱ计算机科学导论Introduction to Computer Science计算机科学引论Introduction to Computer Science计算机控制课程设计Course Design for Computer Control计算机控制系统Computer Control System计算机控制系统课程设计Course Design for Computer Control System计算机平面设计Computer Graphic Design计算机软件技术基础Fundamentals of Computer Software Technology计算机色彩学Computer Chromatics计算机实用软件Computer Application Software计算机数字图像处理Computer Digital Image Processing计算机图像处理Computer Image Processing计算机图像处理课程设计Course Design for Computer Image Processing计算机图形学Computer Graphics计算机图形学课程设计Course Design for Computer Graphics计算机网络安全Computer Network Security计算机网络技术Computer Network Technology计算机网络技术课程设计Course Design for Computer Network Technology计算机网络应用Computer Network Application计算机网络与通讯Computer Network and Communication计算机网络与应用Computer Network and Its Application计算机网页设计Computer Homepage Design计算机文化基础Fundamentals of Computer Literacy计算机文字处理与排版Computer Word Processing and Composition计算机系统安全Computer System Security计算机硬件基础Fundamentals of Computer Hardware计算机硬件技术基础Fundamentals of Computer Hardware Technology计算机硬件技术基础课程设计Course Design for Fundamentals of Computer H ardware Technology计算机在物流管理中的应用Computer Application in Logistic Management计算机综合应用Comprehensive Application of Computer计算机组成原理Principles of Computer Organization计算机组成原理课程设计Course Design for Principles of Computer Organiz ation技术经济与企业管理Techno-economics and Enterprise Management价值工程Value Engineering价值链管理Value Chain Management价值评估Value Assessment检测技术Testing Technology建筑初步Introduction to Architecture建筑环境与可持续发展Architecture Evironment and Sustainable Developmen t建筑形式美的法则Principles of Architectural Formalist Aesthetics健康街舞Body-building Hip-Hop Dance交换原理Principles of Exchange交流调速"AlternatingCurrent Governor "交谊舞Social Dance胶体化学与表面化学Colloid Chemistry and Surface Chemistry 接口与通信技术Interface and Communication Technology结构化学Structural Chemistry金工实习Metal Craft Practice金工实习（含上课20）Metal Craft Practice (Lectures Included)金工实习（假期）Metal Craft Practice (during Holiday)金工实习（假期2周）Metal Craft Practice (during Holiday)金融法Financial Law金融工程Financial Engineering金融经济学Financial Economics金融期货与期权Financial Futures And Options金融时间序列分析"Financial TimeSeries Analysis"金融市场Financial Market金融统计学Financial Statistics金融信托与租赁Financial Trust and Lease金融学Finance金融证券概论Introduction to Financial Securities金融专题讲座Lectures on Finance金属材料概论Introduction to Metallic Materials经纪人理论与实务Brokerage Theories and Affairs经纪业务运营与管理Brokerage Operation and Management经纪运营与管理Brokerage Operation and Management经济案例法律分析Legal Analysis of Economic Cases经济报道Economic Reporting经济地理Economic Geogrophy经济法Economic Law经济法概论Introduction to Economics Law经济管理实践Practice of Economic Management经济新闻Economic News经济新闻概论Introduction to Economic News经济新闻英语视听说Multimedia Economic English经济学基础Fundamentals of Economics经济学说史History of Economics经营谋略Strategic Management精细化工概论Introduction to Fine Chemicals Engineering景观设计Landscape Planning and Design酒吧经营Management of Bars就业指导Instruction for Employment居民考察写生实践Practice on Resident Living Sketch聚合物改性Polymer Modification聚合物工程原理（二）Principles of Polymer Engineering Ⅱ。
产品开发控制程序
产品开发控制程序编制：日期：审核：日期：批准：日期：版本/状态：A/0修订记录目录第一章总则 (5)1. 目的 (5)2. 范围 (5)3. 术语与定义 (5)4. 参考资料 (5)第二章产品开发组织 (6)1：团队架构PDT (6)2：职责 (6)2.1：PP主要职责 (6)2.2：PM主要职责 (7)2.3 DQA主要职责 (7)2.4 SDE主要职责 (7)2.5 RD主要职责 (7)第三章产品开发过程 (8)1. 产品规划阶段（Product Planning）: (8)2. 项目立项及计划阶段（Kick Off） (9)3. 工程验证阶段（EVT） (10)4. 设计验证阶段（DVT1） (12)5. 改良验证阶段（DVT1.1）： (13)6. 小批量试产阶段（PVT）: (14)7. 量产确认： (15)8. 量产： (15)第四章相关规定 (16)9. 产品进度，质量，成本处理原则： (16)10. 工程变更： (16)11. 各阶段文档管理: (16)12. 定义要求： (16)13. 信息反馈制度和研发项目重大事项报告制度： (17)14. 名词注释定义: (17)第一章总则1. 目的通过介绍产品开发各阶段的流程，目的，关注点，和交付，来明确集成产品开发的功能和意义，规定集成产品开发的控制要求，保证流程的有效性，使集成产品开发工作能按计划完成，并满足市场和客户需要。
2. 范围本规范适用与全公司的产品开发，从产品立项到产品结项。
3.术语与定义PP：产品规划（产品经理）RD：研发工程师PM：项目经理SDE：系统设计工程师（由各RD技术负责人担任）DQA：设计质量工程师4. 参考资料《产品开发主流程》第二章产品开发组织1：团队架构PDT2：职责2.1：PP主要职责●市场需求收集●需求转化●产品功能定义●ID效果设计确认●UI效果确认2.2：PM主要职责●项目立项●项目计划管理和监控●项目资源管理和协调●项目风险管理●项目问题管理●结案公告发布●项目开发经验和教训总结2.3 DQA主要职责●新产品质量管理计划制定和实施●周期性质量审计●新物料认证●产品质量认证●开发过程优化和改进2.4 SDE主要职责●产品可行性分析●产品平台和技术路线规划●产品总体设计●审核RD的概要设计和详细设计●指导开发过程中技术问题●主持并参与技术评审●技术培训2.5 RD主要职责●产品设计实现●产品设计测试●产品工艺制定第三章产品开发过程1.产品规划阶段（Product Planning）:1.1.负责人：PP，SDE，PM；1.2.目的：用来明确产品需求，并对需求进行分解，达到可执行的层面，同时对可能存在的问题进行预研。
市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表
市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表Marketing Management营销管理New Products Development新产品开发Service Industry Marketing服务业营销Advertising广告Business Negotiation商业谈判International Marketing国际市场营销Sales Channels销售渠道Public Relationship公共关系Consumer Behavior消费者行为Systems of Management Information管理信息系统Marketing Research营销调研accesibility 可进入性accessory equipment markets 附属设备市场account management policies 客户管理策略positioning定位additions to existing product lines 现有产品线的增加administered vertical marketing systems 管理式垂直营销系统market segmentation市场细分sales promotion销售促进advertising feedback 广告反馈advertising frequency 广告频率advertising media 广告媒体advertising reach 广告接受人数advertising message 广告信息advertising source 广告信息来源agent middleman 代理商allowance 折让alteration 退换American Marketing Association 美国营销协会annual marketing plan 年度营销计划assurance 保证attitudes of consumers 消费者态度availability 可获得性/供货能力awareness （产品）知晓度/知名度baby boomers 婴儿潮出生的一代人backward channels for recycling 回收的后向渠道backward integration 后向垂直一体化banner advertisements 横幅标语广告bar codes 条形码barter 实物交易basic physical needs 基本生理需要BCG Grow-Share Matrix 波士顿增长-份额矩阵before tests 事前测试Behavior Scan Information Resources Inc. 行为扫描信息源公司behavioural analysis 行为分析behavioural hierarchies 行为层级benchmarking 基准benefit clusters 利益群体benefits 利益Benz 奔驰billing 帐单birth rate 出生率blanket purchase order 一揽子采购合同blind-paired comparison testing 双盲比较测试blue collars 蓝领bottom line 底线/盈亏一览结算线brand awareness 品牌意识/认知brand extensions 品牌扩展brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度brand mark 品牌标志brand name 品牌名称brand positioning 品牌定位brand recognition 品牌识别brand strategies 品牌战略brand 品牌branding strategy 品牌化战略branding 品牌化brand's equity 品牌的价值break-even analysis 盈亏平衡分析break-even volume 盈亏平衡产量breath of product assortment 产品线的宽度breath or diversity of product lines 产品线的宽度或多样性bribery 贿赂British Airways 英国航空公司brokers 经纪人budgeting 预算bundle 捆绑Bureau of Census 人口统计局busines strength rating 商业能力评分business plan 商业计划business position 经营地位business sector 商业部门business services markets 商业服务市场business strategies 经营战略business unit strategy 经营单位战略buyback allowances 回购折让buyback arrangements 产品返销buyers' bargaining power 买方的讨价还价能力buyers 采购者buying behavior 购买行为buying center 采购中心buying inertia 购买惯性buying intention 购买意图buying offices 连锁商店的进货中心buying power indes (BPI) 购买力指数buying situation 采购情况/类型buying task 采购任务capital gains 资本收益capital invested in product 产品投入资本Carnival 嘉年华cash cows 现金牛类cash discounts 现金折扣catalogue sales 目录销售categorization of perception 感知分类categorization 分门别类centralization 集中化chameleons/followers 变色龙/跟随者channel alternatives 可选择的营销渠道channel conflicts 渠道冲突channel decisions 渠道决策channel functions 渠道功能channel institutions 渠道组织结构channel management 渠道管理channel objectives 渠道目标channel of distribution 分销渠道channel power 渠道权力channel-control strategies 渠道控制战略channel-design decisions 渠道设计决策channel-management decisions 渠道管理决策channels of communication 传播渠道choice criteria 选择标准closing a sale 结束销售clothing retailers 服装零售商co-branding 联合品牌code of ethics （职业）道德标准coercive power 强制权cognitive dissonance 认识的不协调collection of data 数据收集collection 收款co-marketing alliances 联合营销联盟combination compensation plan 结合式薪酬方案commitment 承诺communication channels 传播渠道communication process 传播过程communication 信息交流/沟通communications media 传播媒体company personnel 公司员工comparative advertisements 比较广告comparison of brands 品牌比较compensation deals 补偿处理compensation plan 酬金方案compensation/rewards 酬金/奖励compensatory 补偿性的competition and industry evolution 竞争和行业演变competition-orientated pricing 竞争导向定价法competitive advantage 竞争优势competitive (supply-side) evolution 竞争（供方）演变competitive factors 竞争因素competitive intelligence 竞争情报/信息competitive parity promotion budgeting 竞争均势促销预算法competitive strategy 竞争战略competitive strength 竞争优势/能力competitor analysis 竞争者分析complaint handling 投诉处理component materials and parts markets 组成材料和零部件市场computerized ordering 计算机化的订购conclusive research 确定性研究conditions of demand 需求情况conflict and resolution strategies 冲突和解决战略conformance to specifications 与规格一致conformance 一致性confrontation strategy 对抗战略conjoint measurement 联合测度法conjunctive model 联合模型consumer decision-making 消费者（购买）决策consumer goods channels 消费品分销渠道Consumer Goods Pricing Act, USA 美国消费品定价法案consumer goods 消费品consumer markets 消费品市场consumer needs 消费者需求consumer packaged-goods firms 消费者包装食品公司consumer promotion 消费者促销consumer tests 消费者测试consumer/household market 消费者/家庭市场consumers' perceptions 消费者感知consumption 消费contests 竞赛contingency planning 权变计划contract construction 契约建筑业contract manufacturing 契约制造业contraction/strategic withdrawal strategy 收缩/战略性撤退战略contractual entry modes 契约式进入模式contractual vertical marketing systems 合约式垂直营销系统contribution margin analysis 边际贡献（贡献毛利）分析contributrion margin 边际贡献control strategies 控制战略convenience food stores 便利食品商店convenience goods 便利品convenience 服务的便利性Cool Whip 清凉维普co-operative advertising 合作性广告co-ordination and conflict resolution 协调与冲突解决co-production 合作生产core benefit proposition (CBP) 核心利益方案/提议corollary-data method 推定数据法corporate HQ 公司总部corporate scope 公司（经营）范围corporate strategy 公司战略corporate vertical marketing systems 公司式垂直营销系统corporate/institutional advertising 团体/社会公共机构广告corrective action 矫正行动cost analysis 成本分析cost effectiveness 成本有效性cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略cost of capital 资本成本cost of goods sold (COGS) 产品销售成本cost reductions 降低成本产品cost-and-volume relationship 成本-数量关系cost-oriented pricing 成本导向定价法cost-plus/mark-up pricing 成本加成/溢价定价法costs and benefits of marketing functions 营销职能的成本和效益costs of competitors 竞争者成本costs of distribution 分销成本countertrade 对等贸易coupons 优惠券courtesy 礼貌coverage of geographic market 地域性市场的范围coverage of relevant retailers 相关零售商的销售范围credibility 信誉credit terms 信贷条款critical assumptions 关键假设cross-elasticity 交叉弹性customary pricing 习惯性定价法customer analysis 顾客分析customer contact 顾客接触customer demand 顾客需求customer intimacy 顾客亲密度customer loyalty 顾客忠诚度customer need 顾客需要customer organization of sales force 按客户组织销售队伍customer retention 顾客维系/保留customer satisfaction 顾客满意度customer segment pricing 顾客细分市场定价customer service 顾客服务customer-oriented pricing 顾客导向定价法customers' perception 顾客感知customers' preferences 顾客偏好customers' price sensitivity 顾客的价格敏感度customizing 定制data collection 数据收集data confidentiality 数据保密data research 数据研究data sources 数据来源dealers 经销商deceptive advertisements 欺骗性广告deciders 决策者declining markets 衰退市场decoding 解码defect rate 缺陷率defender strategy 防御型战略defensive new-product development strategy 防御性新产品开发战略defensive positioning 防御性定位delivery time 交付时间delivery 配送demand characteristics 需求特征demand curve 需求曲线demand-oriented pricing 需求导向定价法demographic environment 人口统计环境department stores 百货商店dependability 可靠性deregulation 放松管制derived demand 衍生需求descriptive research 描述性研究design decisions 设计决策desired percentage mark-up on retail 预期零售利润率desired percentage return 预期回报率determinant attributes 关键属性determinants 决定因素different responses 差别反应differentiated defender strategy 差异化防御战略differentiated marketing 差异化营销differentiation over time 不同时间的差异differentiation strategy 差异化战略differentiation 差异化diffusion of innovation theory 创新扩散理论dimension 因素dimensions of quality 质量维度direct costing profitability analysis 直接成本盈利性分析direct mail 直接邮寄direct marketing via advertising media 通过广告媒体的直接营销direct marketing 直接营销direct product profitability (DPP) 直接产品盈利性/利润率direct selling 直销discount rate 贴现率discount stores 折扣商店discount 折扣discount/premium price policies 折扣/溢价策略discriminant analysis 差异分析法discriminatory adjustments 歧视价格调整discriminatory pricing adjustments 歧视定价调整disjunctive model 分离模型display space 陈列空间disposable income 可支配收入dissonance-attribution hierarchy 不和谐-归属层次结构distribution channel designs 分销渠道设计distribution channel objectives 分销渠道的目标distribution channel 分销渠道distribution decisions 分销决策distribution policies 分销策略distribution 分销distributor/store (private lables) brands 分销商/私有品牌distributors 分销商diversification 多元化divest 撤退divest 出让divestment or liquidation 收回投资或清算dividend 红利dogs 瘦狗类domestic target marketing strategies 国内目标市场定位的营销战略dropping products 放弃产品dry cleaning 干洗dual/two channel distribution systems 双重分销系统duplication （媒体）重复DuPont 杜邦公司durability 耐用性early vs late adoption 早期采购与后期采购earnings per share 每股收益economic and technological factors 经济技术因素economic power 经济权economies of scale 规模经济education services 教育服务effectiveness 有效性efficiency 效率emergency goods 急需品emotional appeals 情感诉求empathy 移情作用empirical evidence 经验性实例empowerment 授权encoding 编码end use 最终使用endorsement 赞同engineering （产品）工程设计entrepreneurial strategy 企业家战略entry strategies 进入战略environment and packaging disposal 环境与包装处理environment factors 环境因素environmental scanning 环境扫描/分析environmental strategy 环境战略establishment 机构ethical audit （公司）伦理审计ethics of marketing 营销伦理道德ethnic composition 种族构成European Community 欧共体evaluation and reward systems 评估与奖励体系evaluation and selection of supplier 评估和选择供应商evaluation of alternatives 评估替代品/各种选择evaluation of brands 品牌评估event sponsorship 事件赞助event 活动everyday low-price (EDLP) 天天低价evoked set 引发的组合evolution of market 市场演变exchange 交换exclusive dealing 独家销售exclusive distribution 独家分销executive summary 执行摘要exhibition media 展示广告媒体existing market 现有市场exit barriers 退出壁垒expansion path 扩张途径expectation measures （顾客）预期测度expectations of customers 顾客期望expected unit sales 预计产量expected value 期望价值experience curve 经验曲线experimental research 实验性研究expert power 专长权exploratory research 探索性研究export agents 出口代理（商）export jobbers 出口批发商export management company 出口管理公司export merchants 出口贸易商export 出口exporting 出口商品extended use strategy 扩大使用战略extending volume growth 扩大市场份额external data sources 外部数据来源external environment 外部环境extrapolation of past sales trends 过去销售趋势推测法facilitating agencies 辅助/中介机构factor analysis 因素分析法fads 时尚family branding 家族品牌family life cycle 家庭生命周期family structure 家庭结构farm products 农产品fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) 快速变动的消费品fear appeals 恐惧/顾虑诉求features 特征Federal Department Stores 联邦百货商店Federal Trade Code （FTC) 联邦贸易法案FedEx (Federal Express) 联邦快递feedback data 反馈数据field test marketing 实地市场测试financing 融资fisheries 渔业fit and finish 结实度与外观fixed costs 固定成本fixed salary 固定工资flanker strategy 侧翼进攻战略flanker/fighting brand 战斗品牌flanking and encirclement strategies 侧翼进攻与围堵战略flat organizational structure 扁平的组织结构FOB origin pricing FOB产地定价法focus strategy 集中战略followers 追随者Ford 福特公司foreign middlemen 国外中间商forestry 林业formalization 形式/规范化formulate 制定fortress/position-defence strategy 防御堡垒战略Fortune 《财富》杂志forward integration 向前一体化franchise systems 特许系统franchising 特许经营free call numbers 免费电话号码free goods 免费商品freight-absorption pricing 免收运费定价法fringe benefits 小额津贴frontal attack strategy 正面进攻战略full costing profitability analysis 全成本盈利性分析full-service wholesalers 全方位服务的批发商functional competencies and resource allocation 职能能力与资源分配functional efficiency 职能效率functional organization of sales force 按销售职能组织销售队伍functional organizational structure 职能型组织结构functional performance 功能性能functional strategy 职能战略games 比赛gap 差距gatekeepers 信息传递者general behavioral descriptors 一般行为变量General Electric (GE) 通用电气General Foods Corporation 通用食品general merchandise discount chains 大众商品折扣连锁店General Motors 通用汽车geodemographics 区域人口统计特征geographic adjustments 地理调整geographic distribution 地理分布geographical organization of sales force 按地区组织销售队伍Gillette 吉列剔须刀global adjustments 全球调整global elite consumer segment 全球精英消费品市场global expansion 全球扩张global marketing control 全球营销控制global markets 全球市场global niche strategy 全球机会战略global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略global teenage segment 全球青少年市场globalization 全球化global-market expansion 全球市场扩张goals 总目标going-rate/competitive parity pricing 竞争性平价定价法goods producers 产品制造商Goodyear 固特异轮胎government agencies 政府机构government buyers 政府采购者government market 政府市场government regulation 政府管制greenhouse effect 温室效应grey market 灰色市场gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值gross margin 毛利gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值gross profit 毛利gross rating points (GRPs) 总级别指数group/category product manager 类别产品经理growing markets 成长市场growth rate of market 市场增长率growth stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成长阶段growth-extension strategies 增长扩张战略growth-market strategies for market leaders 市场领导者的市场增长战略growth-market strategy 成长性市场战略growth-market targeting strategy 成长性市场定位战略guarantee/warranty 保证/担保guarantees 保证Gucci 古琦（世界著名时装品牌）Haagen-Dazs 哈根达斯hard technology 硬技术Harvard Business Review 《哈佛商业评论》harvest 收获harvesting pricing 收获定价法harvesting strategy 收获战略health care 医疗保健health maintenance organizations (HMOs) （美国）卫生保健组织heavy buyer 大客户Heileman Brewing CompanyHeinz 亨氏食品helpfulness 有益性Henkel 汉高Hertz 赫兹（美国汽车租赁巨头）Hewlett-Packard 惠普公司hierarchy of strategy 战略的层次high margin/low-turnover retailers 高利润/低周转率的零售商high market share global strategy 高市场份额全球战略high-contact service system 高接触服务系统high-involvement product 高参与产品high-involvement purchase 高参与购买hight market share 高市场份额战略Hilton 希尔顿Holiday Inns 假日旅馆homogeneous market 同质市场Honda 本田household/family life cycle 家庭生命周期household 家庭hybrid technology 混合技术idea generation 创意的产生/生成ideas for new products 新产品创意/构想idea-screening process 创意筛选过程identification of segments 识别细分市场Illinois Tool Works 伊利诺斯工具厂image pricing 形象定价imitative positioning 模仿定位imitative strategy 模仿战略impact evaluation 影响评估impersonal sources 非个人的信息来源implementation and control of marketing programs 营销计划的执行和控制implementation 实施improvements in or revisions of existing products 现有产品的改良或修正impulse buying 冲动购买impulse goods 冲动购买品incentives 激励income 收入increased penetration strategy 增加渗透战略indirect costing profitability analysis 间接成本盈利性分析individual brand 个别品牌individual value 个人价值industrial goods & services 工业产品和服务industrial goods channels 工业品分销渠道industry attractiveness 行业吸引力industry attractiveness-business position matrix 行业吸引力-业务地位矩阵industry dynamics 产业动态industry evaluation 产业评估industry evolution 产业演变inelastic 缺乏价格弹性influencers 影响者infocommunications industry 信息通信行业infomercials 商业信息广告information age 信息时代information search 信息搜集information technology 信息技术information 信息informative 告知性的ingredient 成份in-home personal interview 个人家庭访谈in-house use tests 内部使用测试innovation 创新innovativeness 创新性installation 设施in-store display 店内展示in-store positioning 店内布局in-store promotion 店内促销intangibles 无形integrated marketing communication plan (IMC) 整合营销传播计划integration of perception 感知整合integration 整合Intel 因特尔intensity of market position 市场地位的集中程度intensity 集中程度intensive distribution 密集型分销interactions across multiple target markets 多目标市场间的相互作用interactive media 交互式媒体interest rates 利率internal data sources 内部数据来源internal marketing 内部营销internal organizational structure 内部组织结构international advertising 国际广告international channels 国际分销渠道international division 国际分部international marketing 国际营销international organizational design 国际组织设计internationalization of services 服务的国际化introductory stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的推出阶段inventory level 库存水平investor relations advertising 投资关系广告issue advertising 观点广告jobbers 批发商Johnson & Johnson 强生joint ventures 合资jury of executive opinion 行政管理人员群体意见法just noticeable difference (JND) 恰巧注意到的差异just-in-time (JIT) management system 准时制管理体系just-in-time purchasing arrangements 及key account management 主要客户管理key accounts 关键客户key benefits 核心利益key environmental issue identification 确定主要的环境问题key variables 关键变量key/house accounts 关键/机构客户laboratory tests 实验室测试leapfrog strategy 蛙跳战略learning hierarchy 学习层级结构legal services 法律服务legislation 立法legitimate power 法定权level of compensation 酬金水平level of technical sophistication 技术的复杂程度Levi Strauss 李维·史特劳斯Levi's 列维斯（全球最大的牛仔服制造商）lexicographic model 词典编纂模型lifestyle 生活方式limited-service wholesalers 有限服务的批发商line extension 产品线扩展line filling 产品线填充line stretching 产品线延伸list price 订价Lloyd's of London 伦敦劳埃德保险公司localizaiton strategy 本地化战略location pricing 场所定价location 位置lodging 房屋出租logistical alliances 后勤联盟long-term memory 长期记忆lost customer 失去的顾客Louis Vuitton 路易·威登（法国著名时尚品牌）low-contact service system 低接触服务系统low-cost defender 低成本防御型low-cost position 低成本地位low-involvement hierarchy 低参与程度层级结构macro risks 宏观风险macroenvironment 宏观环境macrosegmentation 宏观细分mail-order retailers 邮购零售商maintaining market share 保持市场份额maintenance strategy 保持战略management overhead 管理费mandatory adaptation 强制性适应manufacturer brand 制造商/全国性品牌manufacturers' agents/representatives 生产商的代理商/销售代表manufacturers' export agents (MEA) 制造商出口代理manufacturers' sales offices/branches 生产商的销售办事处/分支机构manufacturing process 制造过程manufacturing 制造业market aggregation strategy 整体市场战略market attractiveness factors 市场吸引力因素market attractiveness 市场吸引力market attractiveness/business position matrix 市场吸引力/业务地位矩阵market circumstances 市场环境market demorgraphics 市场人口分布/统计特征market dimension 市场量度market entry strategies 市场进入战略market exclusion 市场排斥market expansion strategy 市场扩张战略market factors 市场因素market followers 市场跟随者market growth rate 市场增长率market hirarchy 市场等级market inclusion 市场纳入market leaders 市场领导者market measurement 市场测量market opportunity analysis 市场机会分析market oriented 以市场为导向的market position factors 市场地位因素market positioning analysis 市场定位分析market potential measurements 市场潜力测度market research 市场研究market segment 细分市场market segmentation 市场细分market share 市场份额market targeting 目标市场选择market 市场marketability 市场开拓能力market-entry strategies 市场进入战略marketing action plan 营销行动计划marketing audit 营销审计marketing channel 营销渠道marketing codes of conduct 营销行为规范marketing communication 营销沟通/传播marketing concept 营销观念marketing control 营销控制marketing decision support systems (MDSS) 营销决策支持系统marketing environment audit 营销环境审计marketing flows and functions 营销过程和职能marketing function area audit 营销功能领域的审计marketing implications of 对营销的影响marketing information system 营销信息系统marketing institutions 营销机构marketing management 营销管理marketing message 营销信息marketing mix 营销组合marketing policy 营销策略marketing productivity area audit 营销生产力领域的审计marketing program components 营销计划内容marketing program 营销计划/方案marketing relationship 营销关系marketing research 营销研究marketing strategy 营销战略market-management organizational structure 市场管理组织结构mark-up price 产品/溢价价格Marlboro 万宝路Marriott Hotel 万豪酒店mass-market penetration strategy 大规模市场渗透战略mass-market strategy 大市场战略matrix organizational structure 矩阵组织结构Matsushita 日本松下电子mature conformists 成熟的随大流者mature markets 成熟市场mature stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成熟阶段McDonald's 麦当劳McDonnell Douglas 麦道公司MCI电讯公司（前世界通信公司）MDSS (Marketing-Decision Support System) 市场决策支持系统measurability 可测度性measure or index 测量指标measurement criteria 计量标准media audiences 媒体受众medical and health services 医疗卫生服务Medico Containment Servicesmemory of consumers 消费者记忆Mercedes-Benz 梅赛德斯-奔驰Mercer Management Consulting 美国美智管理顾问公司merchandising 推销merchant middlemen 国内贸易中间商merchant wholesalers 商业批发商message structure 信息结构Michael Porter 迈克尔-波特micro risks 微观风险microsegmentatioin 微观细分Miller Tyding ACT, USA 米勒·泰丁法案minging 矿业Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) 明尼苏达矿业和制造公司Minolta 美能达miscellaneous sources 多方面来源mission 宗旨missionary selling 推销式销售Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 三菱重工modified rebuy 调整再购monosegment positioning 单一细分市场定位Monsanto 孟山都农业生物技术公司moral appeals 伦理/道德诉求morals 道德Motorola 摩托罗拉multichannel distribution 多渠道分销multidimensional scaling 多维等级法multilevel selling 多级销售multinational coporations (MNCs) 跨国公司multiple test markets 多测试市场multiple-brand strategy 多品牌战略multiple-factor index 多因素指数法multisegment positioning 多重细分市场定位mutual trust 相互信任national account management 全国性客户管理national market 国内市场National Semiconductor 美国国家半导体公司natural products 天然产品NEC 日本电子Nescafé 雀巢咖啡Nestlé 雀巢net sales 净销售额network computer (NC) 网络计算机new business selling 新业务销售new buy 购入新产品new entrants 新进入者new markets 新市场new materials 新材料New Prod screening model 新普罗德筛选模型new product lines 新产品线new products 新产品new-product development 新产品开发new-product ideas 新产品创意Newsweek 《新闻周刊》new-task buying 全新采购new-to-the-world products 世界性新产品niche penetration strategy 壁龛/机会市场渗透战略niche-market strategy 壁龛市场战略Nike 耐克Nissan 尼桑no-brand brand name 无品牌的品牌名称no-frills product 无虚饰产品noise in communication system 传播系统中的噪音non-financial rewards 非物质性奖励措施non-probability sampling 非概率抽样non-profit organization 非盈利组织non-store retailing 无店铺零售业number of stockouts 迟滞数目object-and-task method of promotion budgeting 目标-任务促销预算法objectives and strategy area audit 目标与战略领域的审计objectives 具体目标observation 观察法occupancy costs 房屋占用成本occupation/position 职业/职位odd pricing 奇/余数定价法OEM (original equipment manufacturer) 原始设备制造商oeverall quality 总体质量off-invoice discounts 发票之外的折扣offsets 抵消交易Omega 欧米加on-air testing 广播测试OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克（石油输出国组织）opening relationships 建立关系operating supplies 生产供应品operational excellence 运作管理水平opinion leaders 意见领导者opportunity cost 机会成本opportunity identification 机会识别opportunity/threat matrix 机会/威胁矩阵order cycle time 订货周期order processing 订单处理organisational level 组织层次organizaitonal requirement planning 组织需求计划organization area audit 组织领域的审计organization buying center 组织采购中心organizational customer 组织顾客organizational direct selling 组织直销organizational markets 组织市场organizational purchasing 组织采购organzational structure 组织结构outdoor enthusiasts 户外运动爱好者out-of-home media 户外广告媒体overall cost leadership 全面成本领先overheads 日常开支overseas direct investment 海外直接投资ownership of new product 新产品所有权packaging 包装panel of experts 专家小组parentage 渊源parties involved 交换中的各方payment terms 支付条款pay-off control 支出控制penetration pricing 渗透定价Pepsi-Cola 百事可乐perceived customer value 顾客感知价值perceived quality 感知到的质量perceived value 感知到的价值percentage of sales promotion budgeting method 销售额百分比促销预算法perceptions of consumers 消费者感知/理解perceptual (product) pisitioning 感知（产品）定位perceptual map 感知图perceptual organization 感知组织perceptual vigilance 感性的警惕performance dimension 业绩标准performance evaluation 业绩评估performance measures 表现/业绩测度performance objective 绩效目标performance standards 绩效标准performance 功能perishability 非持久性personal selling 人员推销personal sources 个人的信息来源personnel development 人力资源开发persuasive 说服性的pharmaceuticals industry 医药行业physical (product) positioning 物理（产品）定位physical descriptors 物理变量physical distribution 实物分销Pillsbury 皮尔斯博瑞pioneers 先入者Pizza Hut 必胜客place utility 地点效用planning and control system area audit 计划与控制系统领域的审计point of sale information 销售点信息point-of-purhcase (POP) promotion 采购点促销point-of-sales (POS) data 销售点数据pontificator 保守派popularity 通用性population trends 人口趋势portfolio models for resource allocation 资源配置的资产组合模式position intensity 地位集中程度positioning 定位possession utility 拥有效用post-purchase dissonance 购买后的不协调post-purchase evaluation 购买后评估post-purchase/after-sale service 售后服务potential advantages 潜在优势potential customer 潜在顾客potential market 潜在市场potential target market 潜在目标市场power in distribution 分销权力power of buyers 购买者能力power of suppliers 供应商能力predatory pricing 掠夺性定价法pre-empting scarce resources 先占稀缺资源preferential treatment 特惠待遇premiums 额外奖励present competitors 现有的竞争者presenting sales message 提供销售信息pre-test market research 测试前市场研究price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性price fixing 价格设定price leaders 价格领导者price lining 价格排列定价法price promotion 价格促销price quotation 报价price sensitivity 价格敏感度price structure 价格结构price 价格price/earnings ration 价格/收益比price-off promotions 降价促销price-setting process 定价过程pricing adjustments 定价调整pricing policies 价格策略pricing 定价primary demand 基本需求primary sources 第一类/主要数据print media 印刷媒体private/for-profit organization 私营/盈利性组织PRIZM (Potential Rating Index for Zip Markets) 按邮政区划为基础的潜力等级指数proactive new-product development strategy 进取型新产品开发战略probability sampling 概率抽样problem formulation 界定问题problem identificatioin 确定问题process management 过程管理Procter & Gamble (P&G) 宝洁公司product line 产品线product availability 产品的可获得性product category 产品类别product class 产品类别product decisions 产品决策product design 产品设计product development 产品开发product dimension or attributes 产品维度/属性product evolution 产品演变product features 产品特征product intent share 产品倾向份额product leadership 产品领导能力product life cycle (PLC) 产品生命周期product life cycle curve 产品生命周期曲线product line 产品线product manager audit 产品经理审计product offering 供应品product organizaiton of salesforce 按产品组织销售队伍product policies 产品策略product positioning 产品定位product quality 产品质量product scope 产品范围product space 产品位置product specifications 产品规格product systems 产品体系product type 产品类型product usage 产品用途product 产品product(ion)-oriented organization 产品/生产导向型组织production 生产product-line pricing adjustments 产品线定价调整product-management organizational structure 产品管理组织结构product-market entry control 产品－市场进入控制product-related behavioral descriptors 与产品相关的行为变量product's market characteristics 产品的市场特征product-use testing 产品使用测试pro-environment 环保profit impact of market strategy (PIMS) 市场战略的利润影响profitability analysis 盈利性分析profitability 盈利性/盈利能力profitable survivor strategy 有利可图的生存者战略project-company resource compatibility 项目与公司资源的协调性projected profit-and-loss statement 预计损益表projective tests 投影测试promotion decisions 促销决策promotion mix 促销组合promotion policies 促销策略promotion 促销promotional allowance 促销折让promotional effort 促销努力promotional pricing 促销定价promptness 及时性propector strategy 探索型战略prospecting for customers 寻找顾客psychographics 心理统计特征psychological cost 心理成本。
Marketing市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表
Marketing市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表市场营销专业词汇中英文对照表Marketing Management营销管理New Products Development 新产品开发Service Industry Marketing服务业营销Advertising广告Business Negotiation商业谈判International Marketing国际市场营销Sales Channels销售渠道Public Relationship公共关系Consumer Behavior消费者行为Systems of Management Information管理信息系统Marketing Research营销调研accessibility 可进入性accessory equipment markets 附属设备市场account management policies 客户管理策略positioning定位market segmentation市场细分sales promotion销售促进advertising feedback 广告反馈advertising frequency 广告频率advertising media 广告媒体advertising reach 广告接受人数advertising message 广告信息advertising source 广告信息来源agent middleman 代理商allowance 折让alteration 退换American Marketingbuyers' bargaining power 买方的讨价还价能力buyers 采购者buying behavior 购买行为buying center 采购中心buying inertia 购买惯性buying intention 购买意图buying offices 连锁商店的进货中心buying situation 采购情况/类型buying task 采购任务capital gains 资本收益capital invested in product 产品投入资本Carnival 嘉年华cash cows 现金牛类cash discounts 现金折扣catalogue sales 目录销售categorization of perception 感知分类categorization 分门别类centralization 集中化chameleons/followers 变色龙/跟随者channel alternatives 可选择的营销渠道channel conflicts 渠道冲突channel decisions 渠道决策channel functions 渠道功能channel institutions 渠道组织结构channel management 渠道管理channel objectives 渠道目标channel of distribution 分销渠道channel power 渠道权力channel-control strategies 渠道控制战略channel-design decisions 渠道设计决策channel-management decisions 渠道管理决策channels of communication 传播渠道choice criteria 选择标准closing a sale 结束销售clothing retailers 服装零售商co-branding 联合品牌code of ethics （职业）道德标准coercive power 强制权cognitive dissonance 认识的不协调collection of data 数据收集collection 收款co-marketing alliances 联合营销联盟combination compensation plan 结合式薪酬方案commitment 承诺communication channels 传播渠道communication process 传播过程communication 信息交流/沟通communications media 传播媒体company personnel 公司员工comparative advertisements 比较广告comparison of brands 品牌比较compensation deals 补偿处理compensation plan 酬金方案compensation/rewards 酬金/奖励compensatory 补偿性的competition-orientated pricing 竞争导向定价法competitive advantage竞争优势competitive (supply-side) evolution 竞争（供方）演变competitive factors 竞争因素competitive intelligence 竞争情报/信息competitive parity promotion budgeting 竞争均势促销预算法competitive strategy 竞争战略competitive strength 竞争优势/能力competitor analysis 竞争者分析complaint handling 投诉处理component materials and parts markets 组成材料和零部件市场computerized ordering 计算机化的订购conclusive research 确定性研究conditions of demand 需求情况conformance to specifications 与规格一致conformance 一致性confrontation strategy 对抗战略conjoint measurement 联合测度法conjunctive model 联合模型consumer decision-making 消费者（购买）决策consumer goods channels 消费品分销渠道consumer goods 消费品consumer markets 消费品市场consumer needs 消费者需求consumer packaged-goods firms 消费者包装食品公司consumer promotion 消费者促销consumer tests 消费者测试consumer/household market 消费者/家庭市场consumers' perceptions 消费者感知consumption 消费contests 竞赛contingency planning 权变计划contract construction 契约建筑业contract manufacturing 契约制造业contraction/strategic withdrawal strategy 收缩/战略性撤退战略contractual entry modes 契约式进入模式contractual vertical marketing systems 合约式垂直营销系统contribution margin analysis 边际贡献（贡献毛利）分析contribution margin 边际贡献control strategies 控制战略convenience food stores 便利食品商店convenience goods 便利品convenience 服务的便利性core benefit proposition (CBP) 核心利益方案/提议corollary-data method 推定数据法corporate HQ 公司总部corrective action 矫正行动cost analysis 成本分析cost effectiveness 成本有效性cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略cost of capital 资本成本cost of goods sold (COGS) 产品销售成本cost reductions 降低成本产品cost-and-volume relationship 成本-数量关系cost-oriented pricing 成本导向定价法cost-plus/mark-up pricing 成本加成/溢价定价法costs and benefits of marketing functions 营销职能的成本和效益costs of competitors 竞争者成本costs of distribution 分销成本counter trade 对等贸易courtesy 礼貌coverage of geographic market 地域性市场的范围coverage of relevant retailers 相关零售商的销售范围credibility 信誉credit terms 信贷条款critical assumptions 关键假设cross-elasticity 交叉弹性customary pricing 习惯性定价法customer analysis 顾客分析customer contact 顾客接触customer demand 顾客需求customer intimacy 顾客亲密度customer loyalty 顾客忠诚度customer need 顾客需要customer organization of sales force 按客户组织销售队伍customer retention 顾客维系/保留customer satisfaction 顾客满意度customer segment pricing 顾客细分市场定价customer service 顾客服务customer-oriented pricing 顾客导向定价法customers' perception 顾客感知data confidentiality 数据保密data research 数据研究data sources 数据来源dealers 经销商deceptive advertisements 欺骗性广告deciders 决策者declining markets 衰退市场decoding 解码defect rate 缺陷率defender strategy 防御型战略defensive new-product development strategy 防御性新产品开发战略defensive positioning 防御性定位delivery time 交付时间delivery 配送demand characteristics 需求特征demand curve 需求曲线demand-oriented pricing 需求导向定价法demographic environment 人口统计环境department stores 百货商店dependability 可靠性deregulation 放松管制descriptive research 描述性研究design decisions 设计决策desired percentage mark-up on retail 预期零售利润率desired percentage return 预期回报率determinant attributes 关键属性determinants 决定因素different responses 差别反应differentiated marketing 差异化营销differentiation over time 不同时间的差异differentiation strategy 差异化战略differentiation 差异化diffusion of innovation theory 创新扩散理论dimension 因素dimensions of quality 质量维度direct costing profitability analysis 直接成本盈利性分析direct mail 直接邮寄direct marketing via advertising media 通过广告媒体的直接营销direct marketing 直接营销direct productprofitability (DPP) 直接产品盈利性/利润率direct selling 直销discount rate 贴现率discount stores 折扣商店discount 折扣discount/premium price policies 折扣/溢价策略discriminant analysis 差异分析法discriminatory adjustments 歧视价格调整discriminatory pricing adjustments 歧视定价调整disjunctive model 分离模型display space 陈列空间disposable income 可支配收入dissonance-attribution hierarchy 不和谐-归属层次结构distribution channel designs 分销渠道设计distribution channel objectives 分销渠道的目标distribution channel 分销渠道distribution decisions 分销决策distribution policies 分销策略distribution 分销distributor/store (private labels) brands 分销商/私有品牌distributors 分销商diversification 多元化divest 撤退divest 出让divestment or liquidation 收回投资或清算dividend 红利domestic target marketing strategies 国内目标市场定位的营销战略dropping products 放弃产品dual/two channel distribution systems 双重分销系统durability 耐用性early vs late adoption 早期采购与后期采购earnings per share 每股收益economic and technological factors 经济技术因素economic power 经济权economies of scale 规模经济education services 教育服务effectiveness 有效性efficiency 效率emergency goods 急需品emotional appeals 情感诉求empathy 移情作用empirical evidence 经验性实例empowerment 授权encoding 编码end use 最终使用endorsement 赞同engineering （产品）工程设计entrepreneurial strategy 企业家战略entry strategies 进入战略environment and packaging disposal 环境与包装处理environment factors 环境因素environmental scanning 环境扫描/分析environmental strategy 环境战略establishment 机构ethical audit （公司）伦理审计ethics of marketing 营销伦理道德ethnic composition 种族构成European Community 欧共体evaluation and reward systems 评估与奖励体系evaluation and selection of supplier 评估和选择供应商evaluation of alternatives 评估替代品/各种选择evaluation of brands 品牌评估event sponsorship 事件赞助event 活动everyday low-price (EDLP) 天天低价evoked set 引发的组合evolution of market 市场演变exchange 交换exclusive dealing 独家销售exclusive distribution 独家分销executive summary 执行摘要exhibition media 展示广告媒体existing market 现有市场exit barriers 退出壁垒expansion path 扩张途径expectation measures （顾客）预期测度expectations of customers 顾客期望expected unit sales 预计产量expected value 期望价值experience curve 经验曲线experimental research 实验性研究expert power 专长权exploratory research 探索性研究export agents 出口代理（商）export jobbers 出口批发商export management company 出口管理公司export merchants 出口贸易商export 出口exporting 出口商品extended use strategy 扩大使用战略extending volume growth 扩大市场份额external data sources 外部数据来源external environment 外部环境extrapolation of past sales trends 过去销售趋势推测法facilitating agencies 辅助/中介机构factor analysis 因素分析法fads 时尚family branding 家族品牌family life cycle 家庭生命周期family structure 家庭结构farm products 农产品fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) 快速变动的消费品fear appeals 恐惧/顾虑诉求features 特征Federal Department Stores 联邦百货商店Federal Trade Code （FTC) 联邦贸易法案FedEx (Federal Express) 联邦快递feedback data 反馈数据field test marketing 实地市场测试financing 融资fisheries 渔业fit and finish 结实度与外观fixed costs 固定成本fixed salary 固定工资flanker strategy 侧翼进攻战略flanker/fighting brand 战斗品牌flanking and encirclement strategies 侧翼进攻与围堵战略flat organizational structure 扁平的组织结构FOB origin pricing FOB产地定价法focus strategy 集中战略followers 追随者Ford 福特公司foreign middlemen 国外中间商forestry 林业formalization 形式/规范化formulate 制定fortress/position-defen ce strategy 防御堡垒战略Fortune 《财富》杂志forward integration 向前一体化franchise systems 特许系统franchising 特许经营free call numbers 免费电话号码free goods 免费商品freight-absorption pricing 免收运费定价法fringe benefits 小额津贴frontal attack strategy 正面进攻战略full costingprofitability analysis 全成本盈利性分析full-service wholesalers 全方位服务的批发商functional competencies and resource allocation 职能能力与资源分配functional efficiency 职能效率functional organization of sales force 按销售职能组织销售队伍functional organizational structure 职能型组织结构functional performance 功能性能functional strategy 职能战略games 比赛gap 差距gatekeepers 信息传递者general behavioral descriptors 一般行为变量General Electric (GE) 通用电气General Foods Corporation 通用食品general merchandise discount chains 大众商品折扣连锁店General Motors 通用汽车geodemographics 区域人口统计特征geographic adjustments 地理调整geographic distribution 地理分布geographical organization of sales force 按地区组织销售队伍Gillette 吉列剔须刀global adjustments 全球调整global elite consumer segment 全球精英消费品市场global expansion 全球扩张global marketing control 全球营销控制global markets 全球市场global niche strategy 全球机会战略global standardization strategy 全球标准化战略global teenage segment 全球青少年市场globalization 全球化global-market expansion 全球市场扩张goals 总目标going-rate/competitive parity pricing 竞争性平价定价法goods producers 产品制造商Goodyear 固特异轮胎government agencies 政府机构government buyers 政府采购者government market 政府市场government regulation 政府管制greenhouse effect 温室效应grey market 灰色市场gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值gross margin 毛利gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值gross profit 毛利gross rating points (GRPs) 总级别指数group/category product manager 类别产品经理growing markets 成长市场growth rate of market 市场增长率growth stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成长阶段growth-extension strategies 增长扩张战略growth-market strategies for market leaders 市场领导者的市场增长战略growth-market strategy 成长性市场战略growth-market targetingstrategy 成长性市场定位战略guarantee/warranty 保证/担保guarantees 保证Gucci 古琦（世界著名时装品牌）Haagen-Dazs 哈根达斯hard technology 硬技术Harvard Business Review 《哈佛商业评论》harvest 收获harvesting pricing 收获定价法harvesting strategy 收获战略health care 医疗保健health maintenance organizations (HMOs) （美国）卫生保健组织heavy buyer 大客户Heileman Brewing Company Heinz 亨氏食品helpfulness 有益性Henkel 汉高Hertz 赫兹（美国汽车租赁巨头）Hewlett-Packard 惠普公司hierarchy of strategy 战略的层次high margin/low-turnover retailers 高利润/低周转率的零售商high market share global strategy 高市场份额全球战略high-contact service system 高接触服务系统high-involvement product 高参与产品high-involvement purchase 高参与购买hight market share 高市场份额战略Hilton 希尔顿Holiday Inns 假日旅馆homogeneous market 同质市场Honda 本田household/family life cycle 家庭生命周期household 家庭hybrid technology 混合技术idea generation 创意的产生/生成ideas for new products 新产品创意/构想idea-screening process 创意筛选过程identification of segments 识别细分市场Illinois Tool Works 伊利诺斯工具厂image pricing 形象定价imitative positioning 模仿定位imitative strategy 模仿战略impact evaluation 影响评估impersonal sources 非个人的信息来源implementation and control of marketing programs 营销计划的执行和控制implementation 实施improvements in or revisions of existing products 现有产品的改良或修正impulse buying 冲动购买impulse goods 冲动购买品incentives 激励income 收入increased penetration strategy 增加渗透战略indirect costing profitability analysis 间接成本盈利性分析individual brand 个别品牌individual value 个人价值industrial goods & services 工业产品和服务industrial goods channels 工业品分销渠道industry attractiveness 行业吸引力industryattractiveness-business position matrix 行业吸引力-业务地位矩阵industry dynamics 产业动态industry evaluation 产业评估industry evolution 产业演变inelastic 缺乏价格弹性influences 影响者info-communications industry 信息通信行业infomercials 商业信息广告information age 信息时代information search 信息搜集information technology 信息技术information 信息informative 告知性的ingredient 成份in-home personal interview 个人家庭访谈in-house use tests 内部使用测试innovation 创新innovativeness 创新性installation 设施in-store display 店内展示in-store positioning 店内布局in-store promotion 店内促销intangibles 无形integrated marketing communication plan (IMC) 整合营销传播计划integration of perception 感知整合integration 整合Intel 因特尔intensity of market position 市场地位的集中程度intensity 集中程度intensive distribution 密集型分销interactions across multiple target markets 多目标市场间的相互作用interactive media 交互式媒体interest rates 利率internal data sources 内部数据来源internal marketing 内部营销internal organizational structure 内部组织结构international advertising 国际广告international channels 国际分销渠道international division 国际分部international marketing国际营销international organizational design 国际组织设计internationalization of services 服务的国际化introductory stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的推出阶段inventory level 库存水平investor relations advertising 投资关系广告issue advertising 观点广告jobbers 批发商Johnson & Johnson 强生joint ventures 合资jury of executive opinion 行政管理人员群体意见法just noticeable difference (JND) 恰巧注意到的差异just-in-time (JIT) management system 准时制管理体系just-in-time purchasing arrangements 及key account management 主要客户管理key accounts 关键客户key benefits 核心利益key environmental issue identification 确定主要的环境问题key variables 关键变量key/house accounts 关键/机构客户laboratory tests 实验室测试leapfrog strategy 蛙跳战略learning hierarchy 学习层级结构legal services 法律服务legislation 立法legitimate power 法定权level of compensation 酬金水平level of technical sophistication 技术的复杂程度Levi Strauss 李维·史特劳斯Levi's 列维斯（全球最大的牛仔服制造商）lexicographic model 词典编纂模型lifestyle 生活方式limited-service wholesalers 有限服务的批发商line extension 产品线扩展line filling 产品线填充line stretching 产品线延伸list price 订价Loyd's of London 伦敦劳埃德保险公司localization strategy 本地化战略location pricing 场所定价location 位置lodging 房屋出租logistical alliances 后勤联盟long-term memory 长期记忆lost customer 失去的顾客Louis Vuitton 路易·威登（法国著名时尚品牌）low-contact service system 低接触服务系统low-cost defender 低成本防御型low-cost position 低成本地位low-involvement hierarchy 低参与程度层级结构macro risks 宏观风险macro-environment 宏观环境macro-segmentation 宏观细分mail-order retailers 邮购零售商maintaining market share 保持市场份额maintenance strategy 保持战略management overhead 管理费mandatory adaptation 强制性适应manufacturer brand 制造商/全国性品牌manufacturers'agents/representatives 生产商的代理商/销售代表manufacturers' export agents (MEA) 制造商出口代理manufacturers' sales offices/branches 生产商的销售办事处/分支机构manufacturing process 制造过程manufacturing 制造业market aggregation strategy 整体市场战略market attractiveness factors 市场吸引力因素market attractiveness 市场吸引力marketattractiveness/business position matrix 市场吸引力/业务地位矩阵market circumstances 市场环境market demographics 市场人口分布/统计特征market dimension 市场量度market entry strategies 市场进入战略market exclusion 市场排斥market expansion strategy 市场扩张战略market factors 市场因素market followers 市场跟随者market growth rate 市场增长率market hierarchy 市场等级market inclusion 市场纳入market leaders 市场领导者market measurement 市场测量market opportunity analysis 市场机会分析market oriented 以市场为导向的market position factors 市场地位因素market positioning analysis 市场定位分析market potential measurements 市场潜力测度market research 市场研究market segment 细分市场market segmentation 市场细分market share 市场份额market targeting 目标市场选择market 市场marketability 市场开拓能力market-entry strategies 市场进入战略marketing action plan 营销行动计划marketing audit 营销审计marketing channel 营销渠道marketing codes of conduct 营销行为规范marketing communication 营销沟通/传播marketing concept 营销观念marketing control 营销控制marketing decision support systems (MDSS) 营销决策支持系统marketing environment audit 营销环境审计marketing flows and functions 营销过程和职能marketing function area audit 营销功能领域的审计marketing implications of 对营销的影响marketing information system 营销信息系统marketing institutions 营销机构marketing management 营销管理marketing message 营销信息marketing mix 营销组合marketing policy 营销策略marketing productivity area audit 营销生产力领域的审计marketing program components 营销计划内容marketing program 营销计划/方案marketing relationship 营销关系marketing research 营销研究marketing strategy 营销战略market-management organizational structure 市场管理组织结构mark-up price 产品/溢价价格Marlboro 万宝路Marriott Hotel 万豪酒店mass-market penetration strategy 大规模市场渗透战略mass-market strategy 大市场战略matrix organizational structure 矩阵组织结构Mitsubishi 日本松下电子mature conformists 成熟的随大流者mature markets 成熟市场mature stage of product life cycle 产品生命周期的成熟阶段McDonald's 麦当劳McDonnell Douglas 麦道公司MCI电讯公司（前世界通信公司）MDSS (Marketing-Decision Support System) 市场决策支持系统measurability 可测度性measure or index 测量指标measurement criteria 计量标准media audiences 媒体受众medical and health services 医疗卫生服务Medico Containment Servicesmemory of consumers 消费者记忆Mercedes-Benz 梅赛德斯-奔驰Mercer Management Consulting 美国美智管理顾问公司merchandising 推销merchant middlemen 国内贸易中间商merchant wholesalers 商业批发商message structure 信息结构Michael Porter 迈克尔-波特micro risks 微观风险microsegmentation 微观细分Miller Tyding ACT, USA 米勒·泰丁法案minging 矿业Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) 明尼苏达矿业和制造公司Minolta 美能达miscellaneous sources 多方面来源mission 宗旨missionary selling 推销式销售Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 三菱重工modified rebuy 调整再购mono segment positioning单一细分市场定位Monsanto 孟山都农业生物技术公司moral appeals 伦理/道德诉求morals 道德Motorola 摩托罗拉multichanneldistribution 多渠道分销multidimensional scaling 多维等级法multilevel selling 多级销售multinational corporations (MNCs) 跨国公司multiple test markets 多测试市场multiple-brand strategy 多品牌战略multiple-factor index 多因素指数法multisegment positioning 多重细分市场定位mutual trust 相互信任national account management 全国性客户管理national market 国内市场National Semiconductor 美国国家半导体公司natural products 天然产品NEC 日本电子Nescafé 雀巢咖啡Nestlé雀巢net sales 净销售额network computer (NC) 网络计算机new business selling 新业务销售new buy 购入新产品new entrants 新进入者new markets 新市场new materials 新材料New Prod screening model 新普罗德筛选模型new product lines 新产品线new products 新产品new-product development 新产品开发new-product ideas 新产品创意Newsweek 《新闻周刊》new-task buying 全新采购new-to-the-world products 世界性新产品niche penetration strategy 壁龛/机会市场渗透战略niche-market strategy 壁龛市场战略Nike 耐克Nissan 尼桑no-brand brand name 无品牌的品牌名称no-frills product 无虚饰产品noise in communication system 传播系统中的噪音non-financial rewards 非物质性奖励措施non-probability sampling 非概率抽样non-profit organization 非盈利组织non-store retailing 无店铺零售业number of stock-outs 迟滞数目object-and-task method of promotion budgeting 目标-任务促销预算法objectives and strategy area audit 目标与战略领域的审计objectives 具体目标observation 观察法occupancy costs 房屋占用成本occupation/position 职业/职位odd pricing 奇/余数定价法OEM (original equipment manufacturer) 原始设备制造商overall quality 总体质量off-invoice discounts 发票之外的折扣offsets 抵消交易Omega 欧米加on-air testing 广播测试OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 欧佩克（石油输出国组织）opening relationships 建立关系operating supplies 生产供应品operational excellence 运作管理水平opinion leaders 意见领导者opportunity cost 机会成本opportunity identification 机会识别opportunity/threat matrix 机会/威胁矩阵order cycle time 订货周期order processing 订单处理organizational level 组织层次organizationalrequirement planning 组织需求计划organization area audit 组织领域的审计organization buying center 组织采购中心organizational customer 组织顾客organizational direct selling 组织直销organizational markets 组织市场organizational purchasing 组织采购organizational structure 组织结构outdoor enthusiasts 户外运动爱好者out-of-home media 户外广告媒体overall cost leadership 全面成本领先overheads 日常开支overseas direct investment 海外直接投资ownership of new product 新产品所有权packaging 包装panel of experts 专家小组parentage 渊源parties involved 交换中的各方payment terms 支付条款pay-off control 支出控制penetration pricing 渗透定价Pepsi-Cola 百事可乐perceived customer value 顾客感知价值perceived quality 感知到的质量perceived value 感知到的价值percentage of sales promotion budgeting method 销售额百分比促销预算法perceptions of consumers 消费者感知/理解perceptual (product) positioning 感知（产品）定位perceptual map 感知图perceptual organization 感知组织perceptual vigilance 感性的警惕performance dimension 业绩标准performance evaluation 业绩评估performance measures 表现/业绩测度performance objective 绩效目标performance standards 绩效标准performance 功能perish ability 非持久性personal selling 人员推销personal sources 个人的信息来源personnel development 人力资源开发persuasive 说服性的pharmaceuticals industry 医药行业physical (product) positioning 物理（产品）定位physical descriptors 物理变量physical distribution 实物分销Pillsbury 皮尔斯博瑞pioneers 先入者Pizza Hut 必胜客place utility 地点效用planning and control system area audit 计划与控制系统领域的审计point of sale information 销售点信息point-of-purhcase (POP) promotion 采购点促销point-of-sales (POS) data 销售点数据pontificator 保守派popularity 通用性population trends 人口趋势portfolio models for resource allocation 资源配置的资产组合模式position intensity 地位集中程度positioning 定位possession utility 拥有效用post-purchase dissonance 购买后的不协调post-purchase evaluation 购买后评估post-purchase/after-sal e service 售后服务potential advantages 潜在优势potential customer 潜在顾客potential market 潜在市场potential target market 潜在目标市场power in distribution 分销权力power of buyers 购买者能力power of suppliers 供应商能力predatory pricing 掠夺性定价法pre-empting scarce resources 先占稀缺资源preferential treatment 特惠待遇premiums 额外奖励present competitors 现有的竞争者presenting sales message 提供销售信息pre-test market research 测试前市场研究price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性price fixing 价格设定price leaders 价格领导者price lining 价格排列定价法price promotion 价格促销price quotation 报价price sensitivity 价格敏感度price structure 价格结构price 价格price/earnings ration 价格/收益比price-off promotions 降价促销price-setting process 定价过程pricing adjustments 定价调整pricing policies 价格策略pricing 定价primary demand 基本需求primary sources 第一类/主要数据print media 印刷媒体private/for-profit organization 私营/盈利性组织PRIZM (Potential Rating Index for Zip Markets) 按邮政区划为基础的潜力等级指数proactive new-product development strategy 进取型新产品开发战略probability sampling 概率抽样problem formulation 界定问题problem identification 确定问题process management 过程管理Procter & Gamble (P&G) 宝洁公司product line 产品线product availability 产品的可获得性product category 产品类别product class 产品类别product decisions 产品决策product design 产品设计product development 产品开发product dimension or attributes 产品维度/属性product evolution 产品演变product features 产品特征product intent share 产品倾向份额product leadership 产品领导能力product life cycle (PLC) 产品生命周期product life cycle curve 产品生命周期曲线product line 产品线product manager audit 产品经理审计product offering 供应品product organizaiton of salesforce 按产品组织销售队伍product policies 产品策略product positioning 产品定位product quality 产品质量product scope 产品范围product space 产品位置product specifications 产品规格product systems 产品体系product type 产品类型product usage 产品用途product 产品product(ion)-oriented organization 产品/生产导向型组织production 生产product-line pricing adjustments 产品线定价调整product-management organizational structure 产品管理组织结构product-market entry control 产品－市场进入控制product-related behavioral descriptors 与产品相关的行为变量product's market characteristics 产品的市场特征product-use testing 产品使用测试pro-environment 环保profit impact of market strategy (PIMS) 市场战略的利润影响profitability analysis 盈利性分析profitability 盈利性/盈利能力profitable survivor strategy 有利可图的生存者战略project-company resource compatibility 项目与公司资源的协调性projectedprofit-and-loss statement 预计损益表projective tests 投影测试promotion decisions 促销决策promotion mix 促销组合promotion policies 促销策略promotion 促销promotional allowance 促销折让promotional effort 促销努力promotional pricing 促销定价promptness 及时性propector strategy 探索型战略prospecting for customers 寻找顾客psycho-graphics 心理统计特征psychological cost 心理成本psychological pricing 心理定价法public organization 公共组织public relations 公共关系public utilities 公共设施publicity 公共宣传pull strategy for control of distribution channels 分销渠道控制的拉式战略pupil dilation 瞳孔扩张purchase predisposition 购买倾向purchasing agent 采购代理purchasing contract 采购合同purchasing manager/agent 采购经理／代理purchasing power parity (PPP) 购买力平价指数push money/spiffs 佣金push strategy for control of distribution channels 分销渠道控制的推式战略qualifying prospects 审查潜在顾客资格quality dimensions 质量维度quality 质量quantity discount 数量折扣question marks 问题类questioning 询问法quotas 定额R & D expenditure 研究开发战略race and ethnic origin 种族和民族rack jobbers 供应超级市场的批发商radio 无线电广播rank ordering 排序rate of adoption 采购率rate-of-return/target return pricing 回报率/目标回报定价法rational appeals 理性诉求rationale 基本原理raw materials 原材料reactive and proactive responses 反应及前摄策略reactive new-product development strategy reactor strategy 反应型战略real estate 房地产rebates 回扣recall tests 记忆测试receiver 接收者reciprocity 利益互惠recognition ofproblem/need 发现问题/需求recognition tests 认知测试recreation 娱乐业recruitment and selection 招聘与选拔recycling of packaging 包装回收（利用）Reebok 锐步reference group 参照群体referent power 参照权refocus 巩固refunds 退款refusal to deal 拒绝经营regression analysis 回归分析法regulation 管制related/concentric diversification 相关/同心多元化relational VMSs 相关式垂直营销系统relative attractiveness of declining markets 衰退市场的相对吸引力relative marketpotential 相对市场潜力relative market share 相对市场份额reliability 可靠性repeat purchase behavior 重复购买行为repetition 重复repositionings 重新定位产品requirements planning 需求计划re-seller 中间商resident buyers 常驻采购员resourceallocation/deployment资源配置response strategies 反应策略response to communication 传播响应responsive strategy 反应型新产品开发战略responsiveness 响应性retail coverage strategy 零售范围战略Retail Index 零售指数retail outlets 零售店retail sales 零售额retailer co-operatives 零售商合作社retailer 零售商retailing trends 零售趋势Return on Equity (ROE) 权益回报率Return on Investment (ROI) 投资回报率Return on Net Assets (RONA) 净资产回报率reverse engineering 反向工程reward systems 奖励系统rivalry determinants 竞争决定因素rivalry 竞争对手Robert Miles 罗伯特·迈尔斯Rockwell 洛克威尔Rolex 劳力士Rolls-Royce 劳斯莱斯roster 名册salary 薪金sales agents 销售代理商sales analysis by customer 顾客销售分析sales analysis by order size 订货规模的销售分析sales analysis by product 产品销售分析sales analysis by territory 区域销售分析sales analysis 销售分析sales forcasting 销售预测sales force estimates 销售人员估计sales force size 销售队伍规模sales force 销售队伍sales forecasting 销售预测sales management 销售管理sales organization 销售组织sales performance 销售表现/业绩sales personnel incentives 销售人员激励sales personnel 销售人员sales planning 销售计划sales potential 销售潜力sales promotion 销售促进/促销sales territory 销售地区sales trends 销售趋势sales 销售额sales/price reduction 销售/价格下降sample design 样本设计sample size 样本大小sampling 抽样sampling 提供样品scale efficiency 规模效率scaled measures 比例测度scoring models 评判模型screening of ideas 创意筛选sealed bidding 招标Sears 西尔斯secondary sources 第二类/次要数据second-but-betternew-product development strategy 后者居上型新产品开发战略security 证券业segmentation and targeting 细分与目标选择segmentationcriteria 细分标准segmentation descriptors 市场细分变量segmentation 市场细分Seiko 日本精工株式会社（全球著名的打印机生产商）selective demand 选择性。
生产件批准管理程序(中英文)
生产件批准管理程序Production part approval management procedure（IATF16949-2016）1.目的 Objective确定本公司已经了解客户工程设计记录和规范的所有要求，并且确保在实际生产期间按规定的生产能力和效率来生产满足客户要求的产品。
To make sure that our company has already know about all of customer’s requirements of engineering design record and specification, and ensure the customer required products are manufactured with definite production capability and efficiency.2.适用范围 Applicable Scope本程序适用于汽车用新产品、更改产品等的生产件批准，或者根据汽车客户要求组织 PPAP 相关过程作业。
This procedure is applied to production part approval of new auto products, changed products and so on, or organize the PPAP related operation according to automotive customer requirements.3.职责 Responsibilities3.1.工程部负责组织、收集、跟催、制作、整理有关保留/提交的 PPAP 的资料；Engineering department shall organize, collect, follow-up, make, and arrange related retained/submitted PPAP documents;3.2. 各责任部门必须按《生产件批准等级申请》完成有关文件、资料等。
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新产品设计与开发程序New Product Design & Development Procedure（ISO9001：2015）1. Purpose目的:Define a clear procedure for New Products Design and Development 给新产品设计和开发定义明确的程序2. Scope范围Apply to all the products that STARRY develop and manufacture适用于所有本公司开发和生产的产品3. Reference Document参考文件3.1. Quality Manual质量手册3.2. ECN procedure工程变更通知程序3.3. BOM Creation procedure BOM制做程序4. Definition定义4.1. BOM –Bill of Material 物料清单4.2. ECN –Engineering Change Notice工程变更通知4.3. NPI –New Product Introduction新产品介绍会4.4. PR –Purchasing Requisition采购申请单5. Responsibility职责5.1. D&D manager开发部经理:5.1.1. Appoint product developer review and validate the projects.指定产品开发员进行项目评审及确认5.1.2. Review the design requirement, product specification and approve the design output.设计需求与产品规格评估及批准设计输出。
5.2. Product developer产品开发员:5.2.1. Prepare project plan and follow制定项目计划并跟进5.2.2. Prepare the design output完成设计输出5.2.3. Prepare all the project documents制定项目文件5.2.4. Coordinate NPI meeting组织NPI会议5.3. Sourcing采购开发:5.3.1. Find new supplier and material for the new products寻找新供应商和新产品物料5.4. Sample room Supervisor板房主管:5.4.1. Sample room management管理板房5.4.2. Technical orientation to sample development样品开发技术指导5.5. Pattern maker纸格师傅:5.5.1. Prepare new patterns制作纸格5.6. Graphic designer绘图员:5.6.1. Prepare new graphic according to the design input根据设计输入制作图稿5.6. Sample Room板房:5.6.1. Prepare new samples according to the product developer inputs.根据产品开发员需求制作新样品6. General procedure一般程序6.1. Design and development plan 设计和开发计划6.1.1. Customer or Designer Team of D&D Dept. creates new project brief客户或设计开发部设计师制做新项目介绍.6.1.2. D&D manager shall review the received design requirements.开发经理评审设计要求6.1.3. D&D manager and appointed Product Developer make Project Plan开发经理和项目产品开发员制做新《项目计划》6.2. Design and development inputs设计和开发输入6.2.1. Design and development inputs shall include (but not limited to) the requirements as following items: 设计和开发输入应包括(但不仅限于)以下要求:A. Brief, Drawing, Picture项目介绍，图纸，图片B. Material requirements and testing物料和相关测试要求C. Other related documents;其它相关文件6.2.2. All design and development inputs shall be reviewed by the D&D Manager and the Project Developer, communicate with the customer by Email, review the final information and confirm to move forward.所有设计和开发输入需由开发经理和产品开发员评审,通过邮件与客户沟通，评审最终资料并确认进行开发6.3. Design and development outputs设计和开发输出The design outputs include (but not limit to) material card, molds, graphics, patterns, samples, BOM. The detail working process as following:设计和开发输入应包括(但不仅限于)物料卡, 模具, 图稿, 纸格, 样品, BOM. 详细工作顺序如下:6.3.1. D&D manager and Product Developer review and confirm what materials and molds should be ordered 开发经理和产品开发员评审并确认需采购的材料和模具.6.3.2. Product Developer issue materials chemical and other legal requirements through Sourcing Department to supplier 产品开发员通过采购开发部通知供应商物料的化学和其它法规要求6.3.3. Product Developer issue Purchasing Requisition Form to Sourcing Department for sample materials 产品开发员填写《采购申请单》给采购开发部采购物料6.3.4. Graphic Designer prepare graphic works 绘图员制做图稿6.3.5. D&D manager and Product Developer review and approve graphic works, Graphic Designer instruct supplier to produce all the graphics works and molds开发经理和产品开发员评审并确认图稿后，绘图员通知供应商进行装饰物和模具的制做6.3.6. Product Developer prepare 4 set of sample material cards 产品开发员准备四份样品物料卡6.3.6. Product Developer issue Sample Request Form to the Sample Room产品开发员填写《样板制作单》并发给板房6.3.7. Pattern Maker prepare pattern 纸格师傅制做纸格6.3.9. Sample Room produce prototype (prototype only suitable for new sample). 板房制做试板（初板只适用于新结构样板）6.3.10. D&D manager and Product Developer review prototype, and if necessary, improving modification shall be carried out.开发经理和产品开发员评审试板，并在需要时修改试板6.3.11. After the prototype is accepted, Sample Room produces final samples试板确认后，板房制做确认板6.3.12. Make BOM according to BOM Creation Procedure根据《BOM制做程序》制做BOM6.4. Design and Development review 设计与开发的评审See 6.2.2 / 6.3.5 / 6.3.10 请看6.2.2 / 6.3.5 / 6.6.5. Design and Development verification: 设计和开发的验证Finished samples shall be verified by the product developer according to design inputs, and record in Design and Development Verification Report.确认板需由产品开发员根据设计输入要求进行验证，并记录在《设计开发验证报告》6.6. Product developer issues a development Debit Note request for all invested molds产品开发员填写开发请款单并发给客户请款6.6. Design and Development validation设计和开发的确认6.6.1. Product Developer gets final sample validation from customer. 产品开发员从客户得到样品最终确认6.6.2. QE will conduct the Design and Development validation test to the first order shipment, and record in Design and Development Validation Report品质工程师在第一批生产出货时进行设计开发确认，并将结果记录在《设计开发确认报告》6.7. When new order received, the following action shall be taken: 当收到新定单，需进行以下工作6.7.1.1. Product Developer issue BOM to MC for MRP preparation产品开发员发出BOM给MC运做MPR6.7.1.2. Product Developer prepare final approved material card and issue to Customer Service Department产品开发员制做确认物料卡并发给客户服务部6.7.1.3. Product Developer organize NPI meeting产品开发员组织召开新产品介绍会6.9. Design and Development change设计和开发的修改6.9.1. Design and Development change control refer to Engineering Change Control Procedure设计和开发的修改请参考工程变更通知程序7. Appendix I 附件7.1. 设计开发流程图Development Process Flow7.2. 项目计划表Project Plan Form7.3. 采购申请单Purchasing Requisition7.4. 样板制作单Sample Request Form7.5. 设计开发验证报告Design and Development Verification Report7.6. 设计开发确认报告Design and Development Validation Report7.6. 培训表格Training Form:设计开发流程图开发经理开发经理开发员开发经理开发员开发采购员绘图员纸格师傅开发经理开发员开发经理开发员开发经理开发员开发员品质工程师开发员项目计划表样品物料卡样品制作单采购申请单设计开发验证报告设计开发确认报告确认物料卡板房开发员开发员8.1：Design & Development Process FlowD&D managerD&D manager and product developerD&D manager, product developer, sourcing buyer, graphic designer, pattern maker D&D manager and product developerD&D manager and product developerD&D manager and product developerProduct developerQEProduct developerProduct developerProject plan formSample material card,Sample request form Purchasing Requisition formDesign and development verification reportDesign & development validation reportApproved MaterialcardSample roomProduct developer项目计划表Project Plan Formnew product project planCustomer : SKU's no:Starting Date: Collection: Total Qty: Update on: Developer:。