北京高考史上第一篇满分作文

北京高考史上第一篇满分作文
北京高考史上第一篇满分作文

北京高考史上

第一篇满分作文

文/王大绩

北京高考第一篇满分作文出现在1980年。当时对满分作文的认识和现在不大一样:现在认为,只要在内容、语言、结构达到一类文上线,没有错别字等硬伤,就可以给满分;那会儿可是认为完美无缺才能给满分的。

1980年高考作文题目给出了一则材料:

画蛋

达芬奇是欧洲文艺复兴时期意大利一位卓越的画家。他从小爱好绘画,父亲送他到当时意大利的名城佛洛伦萨,拜名师佛罗季奥为师。老师不是先教他创作什么作品,而是要他从画蛋入手。他画了一个又一个,足足画了十几天,老师

见他有些不耐烦了,对他说:“不要以为画蛋容易。要知道,一千个蛋当中从来没有两个是形状完全相同的;即使是同一个蛋,只要变换一下角度去看,形状也就不同了。所以,要在画纸上把它完美地表现出来,非得下一番苦功不可。佛罗季奥还说:反复地练习画蛋,就是严格训练用眼睛细致地观察形象,用手准确地描绘形象;做到手眼一致,不论画什么就都能得心应手了。后来芬奇用心学习素描,经过长期的艰苦的艺术实践,终于创造出许多不朽的名画,成为一代宗师。

作文要求:仔细阅读以上短文,联系自己的实际情况,写一篇读后感,要求观点明确,结构完整。

阅卷中,有一篇作文受到大家一致好评。但是能不能给满分,却有不同看法。有人认为作文不可能十全十美,满分没有先例,总得扣一两分;也有人认为,这篇作文无可挑剔,

应该可以给满分。经过热烈而审慎的讨论,最后,阅卷领导小组终于做出了破天荒的勇敢决定:这篇作文无懈可击,为什么不可以给满分?给满分!

这北京高考史上第一篇满分作文,作者是谁?也引起阅卷老师们的兴趣。当时,还有许多社会考生。一开始,大家断言,这篇作文决非一个应届毕业生的手笔;应该是一位社会考生所作,而且是一位有相当写作经历和经验的作者,例如记者或报刊通讯员,常写社论、短评的人。试卷启封,作文的作者是北京五中一位应届毕业生。

作文全文如下。

读《画蛋》有感

人说“名师出高徒”,这话实是不假。依我看,这原因有二:其一是师之教有方;其二是徒之学不怠。离开了这两

条,既称不上“名师”,也出不了“高徒”。名画家弗罗基奥手下出了一代宗师达芬奇,便是很好一例。

当芬奇投师于弗罗基奥时,弗罗基奥没有首先教他创作作品,却要他画蛋。这是佛与凡人不同之处。十几天只是画蛋,芬奇自然是不耐烦了,这时,那位名画家才告诉他画蛋的意义所在:他的目的是严格训练学生的细致观察与准确描绘形象的能力。这正是佛罗基奥的“有方”。正是由于这有方,才使芬奇得以日后有成。

我也曾有过一位“有方”的老师,不过她不是什么有名的人物,只是一个大我几岁的女孩子。几年前,我请她教我拉小提琴,她先问我做事有无耐心,我不明白她的意思,自然是回答“有”。开始学习了。她先给我做了做示范,看着她那娴熟的表演我真羡慕。可轮到我时,她却让我练习拉空

弦。几天过去了,她给我的任务还是如此。她告诉我,拉空弦是基础,只有练到运弓自如了,才可拉曲子。现在想想,她这话实在有理。是的,她不是什么“名家”,却也是个会做老师的人。

然而,我并没有成功,又拉了几天空弦,我听到的总是那单调的“拉拉”的声音。哪有一点儿我为之陶醉的乐曲呢?我一烦之下,一弓挑断了琴弦,发誓再不学了,于是我的提琴只好休息了。由此我想到,师固然要有方,更重要的是徒要不怠。芬奇的成功,关键的一点就在这里。佛罗基奥讲清道理之后,芬奇便刻苦练习,用心学习,正是经过长期艰苦的艺术实践,他终于创作出许多不朽的作品。而我的失败,恰恰也在这里。这时我方感到,怕艰苦,在困难面前懈怠,终究是要失败的。

不仅学习艺术是这样,文化知识的学习也是如此,要从一点一滴的细微之处学起,只有打好基础方可学出成绩。

我喜欢写作,真羡慕那些作家,而我的老师却要我天天记札记,把所见所闻的小事都记下来,当时我不明白老师的意思,只是坚持了。现在,当我一本本地翻看那一摞札记时,方悟出了老师的用意:她是让我积累材料,感悟生活,从基础做起,一点点地提高啊!所以,我在写作上的进步——虽然它微小——是老师教之有方的结果,同时也是自己没有懈怠的成果。

芬奇画蛋直至学画成功和我的失败进步都说明不仅教者要有方,学者更应不怠,两方面因素结合起来,有什么知识学不会,有什么事情做不好呢?

这篇作文结构严谨,先总后分,首尾照应。选择两个方面构筑作文主体:一方面是“师之教有方”;另一方面是“徒之学不怠”。两方面具体论证都使用了比较法,但比较的方式并不雷同:前者用类比,用两位教徒“有方”的老师教法实例来说明观点,例证不显单薄;后者用对比,用芬奇学画的成功和我学琴的失败为例表明观点,孰可取孰不可取,取谁舍谁,一目了然。而为了增加文章的厚重感,文章没有拘泥于“学习艺术”一隅,而是宕开笔法,开拓到“学习文化知识”的领域,用个人经历中的正面的事例论证,而这既和前文的负面事例相映衬,又有别于前文“花开两朵,各表一枝”式的“师、徒”分说。它呈现的是“师”的指导与“徒”的勤奋配合相得益彰的喜人收获。结尾收束,高度概括,揭示本质。

全文最精彩的部分在严整的结构思路、缜密的辩证思维,在阅读中,我们循着文章思路的引领,会体会到阅读的深层愉悦,这种愉悦属于“理趣”。此外,说理辩证,联想自然,语言质朴平实但是严谨冷静,不容置疑,有很强的说理性。例如作文第一段。这一段话共四句。第①句提出中心论点:“名师出高徒”。用“人说……”表明这一观点早有历史渊源,而我完全同意:“这话实是不假”。第②句提出两个分论点:“其一是师之教有方;其二是徒之学不怠”。用“依我看,这原因有二”既表达出自己对前人观点的延伸,又表达出分论点与中心论点之间的因果关系。第③句从反面重申两个分论点以及它们与中心论点的关系。第④句“……便是很好一例”扣接到作文题目给出的材料。起承转合,一气呵成,严谨有度。与《六国论》的典范开篇异曲同工。

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