《普通逻辑》测试卷2
《 普通逻辑 》测试卷2
一、判断题（对的打“√”，错的打“×”）（共30分，每小题2分）
1．在一定条件下事物与属性是可以分离的。 （ ） 2．定义是揭示概念内涵的逻辑方法。 （ ） 3．属加种差定义和语词定义都是常用的给概念下定义的方法。 （ ） 4．划分和分解的区别在于：划分以整体和部分的关系为依据，分解以类和分子的关系为依据。 （ ）
5．概念的限制或概括不一定必须在具有属种关系的概念间进行。 （ ） 6．论域就是论述的区域或范围，从概念角度讲，就是指外延，所以，凡概念都有其论域，无论域的概念是不存在的。 （ ）
7．事物的特有属性具有多样性，因此，对于同一类事物，可以有不同的概念。 （ ） 8
．内涵与外延是概念两个基本逻辑特征。 （ ） 9．划分是明确概念全部外延的逻辑方法。 （ ） 10．任何概念都是通过语词来表达的，任何语词都可以表达概念。 （ ） 11. “海洋”可限制为“辽阔的海洋”。 （ ） 12. “中国作家”可限制为“女作家”。 （ ） 13. “货币”可概括为“纸币”。 （ ） 14. “法国”可概括为“欧洲”。 （ ） 15．负概念是带有否定语词概念，如非机动车。 （ ） 二、用欧拉图表示下列标有横线的概念之间的关系（共15分，每小题5分）
1．纺织品（A ）是用各种纤维作原料经过纺织加工而成的产品。纺织品中有棉纺织品（B ）、麻纺织品（C ）、毛纺织品、丝纺织品，这些纺织品统称为天然纤维纺织品（D ）。随着化学工业的发展，出现了多种以化学纤维做原料的化学纤维纺织品（E ），例如，人造棉（F ）、锦纶、涤纶等。
2．人类历史上曾经出现过多种类型的宗教（A ）。目前世界上最流行的宗教（B ）有基督教（C ）、佛教（D ）和伊斯兰教（E ）。有些国家和民族还有另外的宗教，如中国的道教（F ）、印度的印度教等。
3．绍兴（A ）是一座既有深厚历史文化积淀又散发青春活力的城市（B ），也是中国经济最具有活力的地区（C ）。
三、下列语句中标有横线的概念是单独概念还是普遍概念？是正概念还是负概念？是集合概念概念还是非集合概念？（共8分，每小题2分）
1．英国是发达的资本主义国家。 （ ） 2．绍兴文理学院的学生来自全国各地。 （ ） 3．中国人民都要遵守中华人民共和国法律。（ ） 4．禁止非司机开车。 （ ） 四、下列语句作为定义是否正确？为什么？（共6分，每小题2分）
1． 建筑是凝固的音乐。
2． 外交特权就是外交方面的特权。
3． 债券就是由银行发行的债权人领取本息的凭证。
五、下列语句表达的是划分吗？若是，请判断对错，并说明理由；若不是，请写出语句表达的
是什么。（共8分，每小题2分）
1．生物可分为动物、植物和微生物。
（）
2．命题可分为联言命题、选言命题和假言命题等。
（）
3．杭州西湖可分为里西湖和外西湖。
（）
4．电视机可分为彩色电视机、黑白电视机、进口电视机。
（）
六、简答题（共27分，每小题9分）
1．什么是属种关系？属种关系在概念的定义、划分、限制和概括中的作用如何？
2．概念可分为哪些种类？集合概念不同于非集合概念的主要特征是什么？
3．概念的外延之间有几种关系？概念间的矛盾关系与反对关系有何区别？
七、下列说法在运用概念方面有什么错误?请作简要分析。（共6分，每小题3分）1．在马来西亚，不是警察和军人不得持枪，警察发现持枪者可以当场击毙。2．同学们学会了炼焦、机械、水泥、养猪养羊等十几种技术。
《 普通逻辑 》测试卷2答案
一、判断题（对的打“√”，错的打“×”）（共30分，每小题2分）
1． × 2． √ 3． × 4． × 5． × 6． × 7． √ 8． √ 9． √ 10．
× 11. × 12. × 13. × 14. × 15．×
二、用欧拉图表示下列标有横线的概念之间的关系（共15分，每小题5分）
略
三、下列语句中标有横线的概念是单独概念还是普遍概念？是正概念还是负概念？是集合概念概念还是非集合概念？（共8分，每小题2分）
1．普遍概念，正概念，非集合概念 2．单独概念，正概念，集合概念概念 3．普遍概念，正概念，非集合概念 4．普遍概念，负概念，非集合概念
四、下列语句作为定义是否正确？为什么？（共6分，每小题2分）
1．答：不正确，定义必须清楚确切，不能用比喻。
2．答：不正确，定义项中不得直接地包含被定义项，此定义出现了“同语反复”的逻辑错误。
3．答：不正确，定义必须相应相称，此定义出现了“定义过窄”的逻辑错误。
五、下列语句表达的是划分吗？若是，请判断对错，并说明理由；若不是，请写出语句表达的是什么。（共8分，每小题2分）
1．答：是划分，正确，“生物”与“动物”、“植物”、“微生物”具有属种关系，“动物”、“植物”、“微生物”的外延之和等于“生物”的外延。
2．答：不是划分，是列举，因为没有明确“命题”的全部外延。
3．答：不是划分，是分解，因为“杭州西湖”与“里西湖”、“外西湖”不具有属种关系，“杭州西湖”这一概念所反映的对象与“里西湖”、“外西湖”所反映的对象之间具有整体与部
分的关系。
4．答：是划分，但不正确，划分规则要求：每次划分的根据必须同一，划分的子项应是互相排斥的。此划分犯了“混淆根据”、“子项相容”的逻辑错误。
六、简答题（共27分，每小题9分）
1．什么是属种关系？属种关系在概念的定义、划分、限制和概括中的作用如何？ 答：概念之间具有真包含关系与真包含于关系统称为属种关系。其中外延大的概念叫做属概念，外延小的概念叫做种概念；种概念具有属概念的全部内涵。 属种关系在概念的定义、划分、限制和概括中起着基础性作用。
2．概念可分为哪些种类？集合概念不同于非集合概念的主要特征是什么？ 答：概念可分为单独概念与普通概念；正概念与负概念；集合概念和非集合概念。 集合概念不同于非集合概念的主要特征，表现在：
集合概念是反映集合体的概念。所谓集合体，是由属性相同的个体构成的事物整体，且整体的特有属性不必然地被每一个体所具有。
非集合概念是反映非集合体的概念。所谓非集合体，是由属性相同的个体构成的事物总体，且事物总体的特有属性不必然地被每一个体所具有。
3．概念的外延之间有几种关系？概念间的矛盾关系与反对关系有何区别？
答：两个概念之间的关系不外乎下列五种关系之一：全同关系、真包含于关系、真包含关系、交叉关系、全异关系。
概念间的矛盾关系与反对关系的区别在于：两个全异关系的概念具有共同的属概念时，它们的关系相对于共同的属概念而言，可分为矛盾关系和反对关系
具有矛盾关系的两个概念外延全异，有共同的属概念，并且它们的外延之和等于其共同属概念的外延。
具有反对关系的两个概念外延全异，有共同的属概念，并且它们的外延之和小于其共同属概念的外延。
七、下列说法在运用概念方面有什么错误?请作简要分析。（共6分，每小题3分）
1．在马来西亚，不是警察和军人不得持枪，警察发现持枪者可以当场击毙。 答：对“持枪者”缺乏限制。“持枪者”可分为两类：合法持枪者和非法持枪者。警察发现“非法持枪者”可以当场击毙。
2．同学们学会了炼焦、机械、水泥、养猪养羊等十几种技术。 答：将“水泥”概括为“技术”，属于概括不当。
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四、听录音，根据听到的内容，补全对话。 A: What’s your_____________ season? B:_____________. A: Why do you like_____________? B:_____________I can go hiking. Which season do you like_____________? A:_____________. B: Why do you like_____________? A:_____________I can skate. 笔试部分 一、选择与所给单词画线部分发音相同的词，将序号写在题前括号里。( )1. spring A. speak B. grasp ( )2. sky A. task B. skate ( )3. pear A. dear B. bear ( )4. chair A. hair B. hear 二、选择题，将正确答案的序号填在题前括号里。 ( )1. I always plant_____________ with my fancily in spring. A. a tree B. trees C. some tree ( )2. Bears sleep_____________ a long time _____________winter. A. for, in B. in, for C. at, in ( )3. In spring I always fly kites_____________ my friends. A. and B. at C. with ( )4. There are some _____________on the tree. A. leaf B. leaves C. leafs ( )5. —_____________do you like fall? —It’s sunny and cool. A. Why B. What C. Which ( ) 6. A bear always_____________ in winter. A. swims B. sleeps C. jumps ( )7. Which season_____________ it now? A. am B. is C. does ( )8. I like spring._____________ I like to fly kites. A. because B. And C. Because ( )9. Zoom and Zip_____________ up. A. wakes B. wake C. Wait
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Unit2单元测试（2018.9.25） 第I卷选择部分(共35分) I.单项选择(共15题，15分) ()1.—Didyouseethefilmlastnight? —Yes,Idid.AndIthink______it’sfuntowatch. A.if B.whether C.what D.that ()2.Ifoundaletter______onthefloorwhenIcameintotheclassroom. A.lying https://www.360docs.net/doc/ae385378.html,y C.lie D.lies ()3.Idon’tknow______ornotheshouldentertherace. ()15.—Let’sgotothecommunit yifit______tomorrow. —Butnobodyknowsifit______tomorrow. A.won’train;rains B.doesn’train;rains C.doesn’train;willrain D.won’train;willrain 第II卷?非选择题(共65分) III.根据首字母或所给汉义补全单词。（共20题，20分） 1.Weofteneatm________onMid-AutumnDay. 2.Sheisafraidofspeakingtos____________. 3.Igotlotsofp__________onmybirthdayparty. 4.Hewasfivep__________atbirth.
5.Bobisabadboy,hes__________somemoneyfromhishouselastweek. 6.Therearelotsofflowersinhisg__________. 7.WesterncountriescelebratetheirC_________DayonDecember25th. 8.Wealla_________thefullmoononMid-Autumnnightlastyear. 9.Jim’sgrandpahasbeend___________forfiveyears. 10.TocelebratetheMid-AutumnDay,hisparentsl_____outmanydeliciousfoodlastnight. 11.IwillgotoShanghaitovisitmy___________(亲戚)thisSunday.Ihaven’tseenthemforalongtime. 12.Afterdinner,weatesome____________(甜食). 13.It’sliketheWaterFestivalofDaipeopleinYunnan___________(省). 14.Jimisjusta___________(生意)partnerofmine. 15.Hewas__________(惩罚)becausehestolesomething. A. Father'sDayhasaveryshorthistory.ItwasstartedbecausetherewasaMother'sDay，andjustbecausesomeAmericansthoughtthatifwehadaMother'sDay，weshouldalsohaveaFather'sDay.Father'sDayhasbecomeimportantinNorthAmerica.Andshopkeepers(店主)founditwasagoodwaytogetpeopletobuypresentsfortheirfathersfromtheirshops. Bytheway，veryfewcountrieshaveaFather'sDay，thoughsomehaveChildren'sDay，oraspecialdayforboysandanotherforgirls.MoreandmorecountriesarehavingMother'sDay，somaybeFather'sDaywillalsobecomepopular.Now，whatdopeopleinNorthAmericadoonFather'sDay？Thenewspapers，radios，
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girl teacher Canada USA boy 四、情景搭配。(10分) （）1.有新同学到家做客，我们应该说 A.How old are you ? B.Welcome ! C.I like you . ( )2.若想知道Amy来自哪里，该问 A.Nice to meet you ! B.Where are you from ? C.How are you? ( )3. Nice to meet you ! A,Good morning ! B. Nice to meet you , too ! C,Fine ! （）4.What colour is it ? A.It’s orange . B.It’s OK ! C. Welcome ! ( )5. Where are you from ? A.I’m from the UK . B.I’m Mike . C.Thank you ! 五、翻译：写出下面英语单词或句子的汉语意思。（ 44 分） girl ( ) student( ) Canada( ) China( ) boy( ) today ( ) USA( ) teacher ( ) UK ( ) Welcome ( ) 1、Where are you from ?（）？—— ——4分 2、I’m from China . ( ) 。————4分
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