复合句-状语从句
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复合句—状语从句
【复习目标】
▲掌握状语从句的作用。▲掌握状语从句的意义。▲掌握各种不同类型的状语从句。【知识要点】状语从句在句中作状语,修饰句中的动词、形容词或副词等。
状语从句由从属连词作关联词,从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。
状语从句在主句之前,一般要用逗号分开,朗读时用升调。
状语从句在主句之后,一般不用逗号,朗读时用降调。
状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等类型。
1.时间状语从句
(1) 常用的连词有when(当……时候),while(当……时候),before(在……以前),after (在……以后),until(till)(直到……为止),since(自从……以来), as soon as(一……就)等。
(2) 时间状语从句中一般不用将来时,若谈论将来的事情,往往用一般现在时代替:
如:I'll go on with the work when I ________ (come) back tomorrow.
As soon as he ___________(finish) the work, he will come to see me..
2.条件状语从句
常由if (假如、如果) No matter (不管) 来引导,如果主句是一般将来时,从句往往用一般现在时来表示将来。
如:I'll go for a picnic if it _____(be) fine.
No matter what he ________(say),I won't believe him,
3.原因状语从句
(1) 常由because, since, as引导。
(2) because表示直接的原因,着重点在从句,用于回答why, 语气最强。because 不能与so 连用。
since一般表示对方已知的,无须加以说明的既成事实的理由,全句中心在主句,语气比because弱,常译为“既然”。
as表示十分明显的原因,一般说明因果关系,着重点在主句,语气较弱。常译为“由于”。
for是个并列连词,只能放在另一个并列分句后面,表示一种推理或解释,或用作附加说明,而不是指理由或原因,语气最弱,一般不放在句首,常译成“因为”。
如:______ it is raining hard, we won't go hiking.
_______ you are ill, I'll go alone.
I can't go to school ________ I am ill.
You haven't met him, ______ he didn't come here.
4.结果状语从句
一般由so...that, such...that引导,so 与such的区别:(1) so+形容词+a / an+名词(2) such+a / an+形容词+名词(3)such+形容词+不可数名词/ 可数名词复数
(4) so+many / much / few / little+形容词+名词
如:It's _______ a heavy box that nobody can move it.
It's ______ heavy a box that nobody can move it.
There are _________many books in the library
5.目的状语从句
往往由so that,引导,如:I'll speak slowly_________ you can understand me.
6.比较状语从句
常由as...as, than, not as / so...as等引导。比较从句部分常是省略句,
如:I'm taller ______ he (is).
Science is not _____ popular _____ English.
7.让步状语从句
由though或although (虽然) 等引导,但不能与but同时连用,
改错:Though it snowed heavily,but they kept on working.
1.方式状语从句
常用as if ,as though(好像)引导。如:He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.
2.地点状语从句
常用where, wherever引导。
如:I'll go where work is hard.
【典型例题解析】
例1 The question was _______ difficult that nobody could answer______.
A. very...them
B. very...it
C. so...them
D. so...it
解析因为句中有that,所以前面用so,构成so……that从句,而question是单数,用代词it,故选D。
例2 It was ______that he had to ask for help.
A. such big work
B. so big a work
C. so a big work
D. such big job
解析work是不可数名词,指工作或工程,故选A。
例3 He won't believe it ________ he sees it with his own eyes.
A. when
B. after
C. until
D. as soon as
解析此句是not……until,“直到……才”。故答案选C。
例4 I'll go _____ with you _______ next Sunday.
A. hunting...when I will have time
B. to hunt...until I'm free
C. boating...if I have nothing to do
D. to boat...as I will not be so busy
解析去打猎、划船常用go hunting, go boating,所以应在A和C中选择,又因为when和if 在句中引导状语从句时,要用一般现在时表示将来,故选C。
例5 It's almost three years _________ I last saw her.
A. since
B. when
C. that
D. after
解析本句表示自从上次见到她几乎有三年了,句型It's+时间段+since从句(过去时),故选A。
【选讲例题】
用所给动词适当形式填空
例6 I'll go to Shanghai if I _______ (have) time tomorrow.
And I want to know if you ________ (have) time to go with me.
解析第一句中if是“假如”的意思引导状语从句,要用一般现在时表示将来时,第二句中if 是“是否”的意思,引导宾语从句,仍用将来时。
例7 —Could you tell me when he ________ (return) home next week?
—Sorry, I can't. But I will ring you up when he _________ (return) home.
解析第一句中的when意思是“什么时候”,引导宾语从句用将来时态,第二句中的when是“当……时”的意思,引导时间状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来。
【课内追踪练习】
单项选择
( ) 1.Jack was tired _______he played tennis all afternoon.
A. if
B. as soon as
C. because
D. before
( ) 2____ he finished his work, he left hurriedly.
A. As soon as
B. In order that
C. Until D Since
( ) 3._____the rain has stopped, let's start again.
A. For
B. Because
C. Since D What
( ) 4.He started early ______ he could get there before nine.
A. so that
B. because
C. so as to
D. in order to