Navy LPD-17 Amphibious Ship Procurement Background, Issues, and Options for Congress
航海英语试题
航海英语试题B. parallel of declinationC. parallel of altitudeD. vertical circleKEY: A4.What defines a great circle? 定义大圆的是什么？A. A curved line drawn on a Mercator ChartB. A course line that inscribes a loxodromic curveC．The shortest distance between any two points on the earth地球上两点之间最短的距离D. The smallest circle that can be drawn on the face of a sphereKEY: C5.Which aid is NOT marked on a chart with a magenta circle? 哪个助航物不是用品红色圆圈标记在海图上的？A．Aero light航空灯标B. Radar stationC. Radar transponder beaconD. RadiobeaconKEY: A6.Charted depth is the ______. 海图水深是_____A. vertical distance from the tidal datum to the ocean bottom plus the height of the tideB. vertical distance from the chart sounding datum to the ocean bottom 从海图深度基准面到海底的垂直距离C. average height of water over a specified period of timeD. average height of all low waters at a placeKEY: B7. The changes in the channel’s sands and buoys on this coast are ______ this chart cannot be considered as a safe guide of the channel.这个海岸的航道的沙和浮标的变化是_______这个海图不能被视为这个航道的安全指南A. Frequent.B. So frequent.C. Frequent that. D．so frequent that如此频繁地.KEY: D8.While steaming slowly in the harbor，no ship is ______ to exceed the speed limited．在港内缓速行驶时其间，没有船_______超过限速航行A. assumedB. appreciatedC. promisedD. permitted．被允许KEY: D9.The mariner must be the final judge of the reliance he can place on the information given in the admiralty charts and other publications, since they _______.航海者应该做关于他是否可以信赖现有海图或其他出版物的信息的最后的判断，因为他们________A.May always be complete and up-to-dateB.May not always be complete and up-to-date可能不是完善的或最新的数据C.May sometimes be complete and up-to-dateD.May not sometimes be complete and up-to-dateKEY: B10.All events relating to the voyage, such as ship’s position, speed and details of the weather,are recorded in ______.所有有关航行的事件，如船舶的位置，速度和天气的航行资料，记录在__A．Logbook航海日志 B. Bell Book C. Oil Record Book D. Compass Error BookKEY: A11.12.[13]It's ______ that the cargo was damaged by your stevedores．____，货物是被你方的工人所损坏。
航海英语15翻译
1]Which signal of the follwings is not provided with onboard lifeboat?A.Rocket parachute signalsB.Buoyant smoke signalsC.Hand flare signalsD.Self-igniting signals答案：D下列哪种信号在救生艇上不配备？自动点火信号[2]According to IMO regulations,______shall be posed outside lifeboat?A.the retro-reflective tapesB.the reflective tapesC.the flashing bandsD.the anti-flashing bands答案：A根据国际海事组织规则，反光带应该安放在救生艇外面[3]Which one of the following is not required on survival crafts?A.Anti-seasickness medicineB.Immersion suitsC.axesD.lifebuoys答案：D下面哪一个在在救生筏上不需要---救生圈[4]Have the safety belts for _______been examined?A.total enclosed lifeboatsB.totally enclosing lifeboatsC.totally enclosed lifeboatsD.total encloseing lifeboats答案：C全封闭式救生艇的安全带已经检查过了吗？[5]The fire-protected lifeboats are found_____________.A.in satisfactorily conditionB.satisfactorilyC.satisfactoryD.satisfactored答案：C防火救生艇被发现是良好的[6]We test the water spray fire protection system of fire-protected lifeboats every 3 months,___the abandon ship drill.bining withbined withbining tobined to答案：B我们每三个月测试防火救生艇的喷水防火系统，连同弃船训练。
专业英语四级-23_真题-无答案
专业英语四级-23(总分100,考试时间90分钟)完型填空题In September, more than a dozen whales beached themselves in the Canary Islands. Rescuers tried to water down the whales and keep them cool. But all of them 1 died.Nearby, NATO naval forces were 2 echo sounding devices meant to 3 an enemy"s submarines, and public 4 of the deaths ultimately came to 5 suspicions of a link between whale distress and loud ocean noises.The theory is 6 the mammals seek to 7 the roar of the deep, rush toward the surface and in some cases end up going ashore.For decades, environmentalists have worked to reduce the undersea noise—usually with 8 success, given the growing industrialization and militarization of the oceans. They have 9 suits and waged letter-writing campaigns, 10 a recent petition that asks the United States Navy to 11 its testing of underwater sound equipment.The discovery by biologists in Hawaii that whales can 12 the sensitivity of their hearing to protect their ears from loud noise 13 another dimension to the debate.Michael Jasny, a senior policy analyst, called the research fascinating and said he hoped it would prove 14 in protecting whale hearing from these threats.But he 15 the finding as a work in 16 that posed many unanswered questions."A lot more work needs 17 ," he said. "Could it be replicated in the wild? It"s a huge question."18 whales could learn to decrease the sensitivity of their hearing, Mr. Jasny said, that would19 only a relatively small part of the oceanic noise problem. "It"s important to understand that it"s 20 ," he said of the proposed method. "It won"t be a silver bullet."1.A. inevitablyB. eventuallyC. surprisinglyD. immediately2.A. developingB. installingC. testingD. checking3.A. detectB. catchC. discloseD. reveal4.A. knowledgeB. debateC. mourningD. reception5.A. reduceB. removeC. avertD. strengthen6.A. whichB. whetherC. whatD. that7.A. resistB. escapeC. silenceD. stop8.A. fewB. muchC. manyD. little9.A. friedB. facedC. wonD. defended10.A. incorporatingB. includingC. comprisingD. containing11.A. reportB. completeC. dropD. improve12.A. remainB. varyC. increaseD. decrease13.A. addsB. addC. addingD. added14.A. efficientB. effectiveC. successfulD. sufficient15.A. denouncedB. acceptedC. characterizedD. justified16.A. demandB. contextC. actionD. progress17.A. to be doingB. doneC. to doD. to be done18.A. Even ifB. If onlyC. Despite thatD. Now that19.A. exposeB. identifyC. addressD. raise20.A. trueB. uselessC. limitedD. riskyWhen shopkeepers want to lure customers into buying a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in theJournal of Marketing, they are 21 a trick.A team of researchers, led by Akshay Rao of University of Minnesota, looked at consumers" 22 to discounting. Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper. The main reason is that most people are 23 at fractions.Consumers often struggle to realise, 24 , that a 50% increase in 25 is the same as a 33% discount in price. They 26 assume the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand lotion when it was offered in a 27 pack than when it carried an equivalent discount.This numerical blind 28 remains even when the deal 29 favours the discounted product. In another experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr. Rao offered two deals on loose coffee beans: 33% extra free or 33% 30 the price. The discount is 31 the better proposition, but the experiment shows the supposedly clever students viewed them 32 equivalent.Marketing types can draw lessons 33 just pricing, says Mr. Rao. When advertising a new car"s efficiency, for example, it is more 34 to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, 35 the equivalent percentage fall in fuel 36 .There may be lessons for officials 37 regulate prices too. Even well-educated shoppers are easily 38 . Sending everyone back to school for math seems out of the question. 39 more prominently displayed unit prices in shops and advertisements would be a great 40 .21.A. playingB. missingC. workingD. wasting22.A. resistanceB. dispositionC. attitudesD. tendencies23.A. quickB. skillfulC. dumbD. weak24.A. for exampleB. as a resultC. in particularD. by contrast25.A. weightB. quantityC. volumeD. size26.A. undoubtedlyB. implicitlyC. immediatelyD. overwhelmingly27.A. bonusB. bubbleC. singleD. big28.A. trackB. traceC. spotD. point29.A. partiallyB. brightlyC. vividlyD. clearly30.A. aboveB. offC. ofD. on31.A. in allB. at bestC. by farD. for all32.A. toB. asC. forD. into33.A. beyondB. fromC. inD. on34.A. professionalB. accurateC. convincingD. difficult35.A. other thanB. more thanC. rather thanD. better than36.A. pricesB. consumptionC. supplyD. charges37.A. whoB. whatC. whomD. which38.A. persuadedB. distractedC. foxedD. impressed39.A. ThenB. OrC. SoD. But40.A. reliefB. surpriseC. helpD. successWho hasn"t wanted to master not just two languages but 10? Take Giuseppe Mezzofanti, a 19th-century priest who was said to be 41 in as many as 50 languages. Native speakers came from all over the world to test his 42 , and many left astonished.InBabel No More, Michael Erard investigates the legend of Mezzofanti and 43 linguistic geniuses. 44 on Erard asks what it means to really know a language. Claire Kramsch tells him the question 45 not be "How many languages do you know?" but rather "In how many languages do you live?" Understanding the 46 cultural difference of a language requires extensive and 47 contact with its speakers, and for that reason Kramsch 48 that anyone could ever live in more than four or five languages.Fair enough, 49 what about the astonishing feats of memory and calculation that people display when they 50 up a new language, or eight? Erard points out that, for no good reason, this question has been 51 by science. After all, we study extraordinary 52 in mathematics and music; why not linguistic geniuses?Erard 53 down Mezzofanti"s papers, speaks to many language experts and even learns that some bilingual people experience mental illness in one 54 but not another. Most interestingly, he 55 a group of modern linguistic geniuses. Memory, motivation and practice are all important, they say, but 56 is a practical strategy. 57 who claimed to speak 11 languages did not much care about 58 like a native. Unlike Mezzofanti, their goal was not to 59 but to do—see the world, read the local paper and not get 60 .41.A. fluidB. fluentC. smoothD. flowing42.A. strengthB. reactionsC. abilitiesD. knowledge43.A. anotherB. one anotherC. the otherD. other44.A. EarlyB. LaterC. FurtherD. Shortly45.A. winB. mightC. shouldD. must46.A. prominentB. majorC. subtleD. basic47.A. directB. continuousC. activeD. exclusive48.A. deniesB. countersC. doubtsD. debates49.A. butB. becauseC. andD. or50.A. giveB. pickC. makeD. set51.A. answeredB. tackledC. neglectedD. rejected52.A. phenomenaB. contributionsC. successesD. talents53.A. putsB. takesC. tracksD. turns54.A. cultureB. languageC. aspectD. country55.A. surveysB. leadsC. testsD. recruits56.A. neitherB. eitherC. asD. so57.A. OnesB. TheyC. ThoseD. All58.A. thinkingB. livingC. expressingD. sounding59.A. imagineB. imitateC. dazzleD. learn60.A. lostB. frustratedC. firedD. hurt。
2024年四川高考英语试题及答案
2024年四川高考英语试题及答案第一部分听力（共两节, 满分30分）第一节（共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where are the speakers going?A. A new restaurant.B. A convenience store.C. Their office.2. When is the class presentation according to Vicky?A On Thursday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Tuesday..3. Why does the woman make the call?A. To check the price.B. To make an apology.C. To cancel her order.4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Boss and employee.C. Salesperson and customer.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Their move to a new place.B. Tom's friends at school.C. A sports center. 第二节（共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
航海英语题库学习
laden ship满载船ensign国旗propeller blade螺旋桨桨叶/轮叶、叶片Bosun水手长Carpenter木匠Beaufort scale蒲氏风级mariner's handbook海员手册revolution转数，旋转，革命innovation创新，革新，改革fishing gears捕捞设备Aldis lamp爱尔迪斯信号灯，手提式信号灯Morse code莫尔斯码veering风向顺转backing风向逆转well-found ship舾装完好船，设备完善的船舶foundered（船）沉没clockwise顺时针anti-clockwise逆时针sextant六分仪lying at anchor锚泊lying at the outer anchorage在外锚地锚泊cadet实习生，卡带hatch coaming舱口围板painter 艇首缆，系艇索self-righted自动扶正U-bolt U型螺栓hunting gear追随装置bare steerageway舵效航速twin screws双螺旋桨cargo surveyor验货师accommodation ladder居住舱舷梯，舷梯hogging中拱（用平均吃水与船中吃水比）sagging中垂（用平均吃水与船中吃水比）after range light后桅航行灯，后叠标灯Bonded Stores免税船上用品give a wide berth to宽让high sea公海dayshape号型trolling (line)曳绳钓nylon line has more strength than manila line gooseneck鹅颈管，吊杆弯头become due到期be available to do sth.be available for sth.justify in doing sth.有理由做某事Rhumb line恒向线meridian子午线，经线the prime meridian本初子午线能见度等级2nm poor(2—4km)5nm moderate(4—10km)10nm good(10—20km)30nm very good(20—50km)fathom line等深线Bulbous bow球鼻首iron ore铁矿石The Fresh Water Allowance淡水修正量，淡水吃水余量Marine Meteorology航海气象学barometer气压计block and tackle滑轮组movable block动滑轮standing block定滑轮Mediterranean moor船尾系泊法Mediterranean Sea地中海snatch block开口滑车Length overall(LOA)船舶总长Length between perpendiculars(LBP)垂线间长Moulded breadth型宽Tsunami海啸right-hand/left-hand propeller右旋/左旋螺旋桨single propeller/twin propellers单螺旋桨/双螺旋桨bow thruster/stern thruster首侧推器/尾侧推器turn inward/outward内旋/外旋leeway偏航，风压差leeward下风的，顺风的IMDG code = International Maritime Dangerous Goods code《国际海运危险货物规则》IBC code = International Bulk Code《国际散装化学品运输规则》BC code = Bulk Cargo code《固体散装货物安全操作规则》IGC code = International Gas Carrier Code《国际散装运输液化气船规则》船舶六运动：Pitching纵摇Rolling横摇Surging纵荡（船先向前动，再向后动）Swaying横荡（船先向左移动，再向右动）Yawing偏荡（船头先向左动，再向右动）Heaving垂荡bowline船首缆，单套结/死结standing rigging静索，稳索，固定支索，定索group occulting联明暗光composite group flashing混联闪光stowage factor积载因数measurement cargo容积货weight cargo重量货hygroscopic cargo吸湿性货物celestial body天体declination【天】赤纬pelorus哑罗经Nautical Almanac航海天文历stud link有档链环connecting link连接连环detachable link=Kenter link可拆链环flame screen防火网Doppler log：Bottom return 海底反射（海底混响）→speed over the groundVolume reverberation 体积混响（水声）→speed through the waterpelican hook滑钩，速脱钩conical圆锥形的hygrometer湿度表hygroscopic cargo吸湿性货物Kort nozzle rudder科氏导流管舵neutral equilibrium position随遇平衡位置（稳心等于重心，M与G重合，重力W与浮力△作用在同一垂线上）；stable equilibrium稳定平衡（稳心比重心高）；unstable equilibrium不稳定平衡（稳心低于重心）sea protest海事声明，海事报告solar time太阳时aneroid barometer气压测高计，无液气压计，空盒气压计microbarograph微（气）压计Arc圆弧Parabola抛物线Hyperbola双曲线Cardinal buoy方位标Psychrometer干湿计，干湿球温度计binnacle罗经柜CPR=Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation心脏复苏术blind flange = blank flange封口法兰，死法兰spectacle flange双环法兰Spring lay钢麻slight sea轻浪0.5~1.25mmoderate sea中浪1.25~2.5mrough sea大浪2.5~4.0mvery rough sea巨浪4~6mhigh sea狂狼6~9msplice拼接fid（解绳索用的）硬木钉A spark arrestor prevents sparks from getting out of an engine’s exhaust system.火花熄灭器riding pawl锚爪（锚泊）buckler (plate)锚链孔盖板chafing gear防擦装置diurnal tide全日潮semi-diurnal tide半日潮lunar day太阴日spring tide大潮neap tide小潮gusty wind阵风power weight ratio功率重量比wind vane风向标apparent wind/relative wind视风，相对风wire rope钢丝绳，钢索riveting铆接caulking捻缝，填缝，铆合加工flue gas烟道气，烟道排气，废气make a safe [forced] landing安全[强迫]降落orthographic projection等角投影，正形投影gnomonic projection心射投影，球心投影containment booms围油栏cereals谷物put forward提出anemometer风速计Rendez-vous集结地messenger导拉索，抛索，引绳Coral atoll珊瑚环礁isotherm等温线blowout（油井等）井喷Argon氩occulting light明暗灯——the period of light exceeds the period of darknessbackstay桅杆后支索，前索，后拉索vein静脉artery动脉Calibration Station校准台~ give special transmissions for the calibration of ship’s DF.(测向仪) Contaminate弄脏，污染Lack of due diligence缺乏必要的谨慎Casualty伤亡人员Centrifugal pump离心泵Reciprocating pump往复泵，活塞泵Chain sling吊货链Tumblehome内倾，舷缘内倾Camber梁拱Sheer舷弧Quayside码头区，码头边，码头前沿ullage空档,膨胀余位,液舱膨胀余位sighting port观察窗jibing使帆改变方向，使帆船顺风行驶tacking变换航向，抢风行驶，顶风转向，迎风转向reefing缩帆chart legend海图标题栏alkalies碱金属，强碱compatibility兼容性convection对流coral atolls珊瑚环礁beam width波束宽度isobar等压线date line国际日期变更线chain locker锚链舱volatile挥发性daylight savings time夏令时drift net流网fishing stake渔栅pedestal crane基座式起重机spontaneous combustion自燃frapping line止荡绳deadweight scale载重量标尺freeboard assignment核定干舷galvanize电镀，镀锌（stays需要电镀）heat exhaustion中暑Luminous range光达距离，光度视程，照明距离，光照距离Geographic range地理能见距离Nominal range额定光力射程，额定光达距离(气象能见距离为10海里时的光达距离) Isogonic line等磁偏线skip zone(电波)跳跃地带，静区blackout zone停电区域diffraction zone衍射区shadow zone盲区，阴影区BANDS————horizontal markingStripes————vertical or diagonal对角线的，斜纹的Walk back the chain倒转锚机松锚链clamp螺丝钳,夹子doldrums赤道无风带garboard strake（贴近龙骨的）龙骨翼板odd numbers奇数even numbers偶数lumber木材，木料timberlimber污水沟，污水孔lubricating oil润滑油compass rose(s)罗经花lubber's line船首基线Monsoon（南亚的）季风mooring bollards双柱系缆桩manganese bronze猛青铜optional cargo选港货seaworthiness适航性，适航能力，耐波性oil slick浮油frostbite冻伤slack water平潮solvents溶剂SMCP=Standard Marine Communication Phrases标准航海通信用语Mousing hook防脱钩Plain language明语，明码（电报）Priming of the tides occurs when the Moon is between new and first quarter and between full and third quarter.注意：new moon新月，朔；full moon满月，望；first quarter上弦月；third quarter下弦月Roundline三股右旋绳reserve buoyancy储备浮力serving卷缠sweep intensity扫描线亮度PPI=Plane Position Idicator平面位置显示器specification详细说明，规格，说明书agonic line零磁偏线square knot平结The carburetor(化油器，汽化器) is placed on the engine to mix the fuel and air.The carrick bend(大绳接结) is used to join two hawsers.follow-up gear随动装置electro-hydraulic steering gear电动液压操舵装置heaving line撇缆，引缆monkey’s fist撇缆绳头结wind rose风花，风向风力图，风力玫瑰图(指明某地区风情况的图)idle time停工时间bilge well污水井remote control遥控scupper（船舷上的）排水孔radiation fog辐射雾frontal fog锋面雾advection fog平流雾steam fog蒸汽雾butted joint对接，平接lap joint搭接strap joint覆板对接，覆接thread joint螺纹接grip joint套接，插接rivet铆钉，铆接riveted construction铆接结构joggled construction啮合结构lapped construction搭接结构strapped construction覆接结构belted construction带型结构fake down盘绳（使松出时不发生绞缠）butt weld对接焊缝seam weld缝焊，线焊缝fillet weld角焊缝continuous weld连续焊接,连续焊缝LFG=Liquefied Flammable Gas液化可燃气（LPG+LNG）trough低压槽ridge高压脊quadrant象限ultrasonic testing超声波检查，超声波探伤isophase等明暗（灯光），等相线flame arrester阻火器，防焰器backfire flame arrester回火阻火器prohibit sb from doing sthexclusively专门地oil dispersant消油剂saw dust锯屑,木屑Booms围油栏ride at anchor锚泊；roadstead锚地ruptured appendix盲肠破裂cofferdam隔离舱traunatic shock创伤性休克mesh网孔SHP=Shaft Horse Power轴马力topping off平舱作业check valve止回阀，单向阀tachometer转速表exhaust pyrometer排气高温计shaft bearing轴承drift lead测走锚的铅锤water flinger隔水环shaft seal轴封sanitary卫生middle body船中平行体tack welding点焊extratropical cyclone温带气旋easterly wave东风波crest波峰trough波谷，槽frapping line止荡绳，放艇稳绳When lowering lifeboats in heavy seas, a good practice is to rig frapping lines with a lead of about 45 degrees to the boat.parbuckle screw松紧螺丝（用以收紧舱面木材货）turnbucklesoft iron sphere软铁球（磁罗经象限自差校正器）Flinders bar垂直软铁,弗林德斯铁,弗氏铁（纠正由船磁引起的自差）heeling magnet(罗经)倾斜自差校正磁铁（即纠正感应磁性，也纠正永久磁性）French bowline水手结，双套结Vis major不可抗力fatigue疲劳tagline牵线apogean tide远地点潮hawser laid正搓绳，三股索NA V AREA航行警告区（航行警告海区无线电航行警告海区，简称航行警告区）epileptic seizure癫痫发作whitecap(s)白浪花official number船舶(登记)编号matches火柴bilge keels舭龙骨The GPS satellite orbits the earth in approximately 12 hours.If you are transmitting a distress message by radiotelephone you should use English language. Nylon line is NOT suitable for BA.towingshingsC.stopperD.mooring linesWhat is important to remember when using AIS for collision avoidance?(A)A.AIS may not give a complete picture of the traffic situationB.AIS is more accurate than ARPAC.AIS is not as accurate as ARPAD.AIS is not allowed to be used for collision avoidanceCumulonimbus clouds are most likely to accompany a(n) BA.high pressure systemB.cold frontC.warm frontD.occluded frontFog is most commonly associated with a(n) AA.warm front at nightB.low pressure areaC.anticycloneck of frontal activityAll entries in Logbook, A made, must not be erased or amended.A.onceB.whetherC.whileD.justThe compass deviation changes as the vessel changes CA.geographical positionB.speedC.headingD.longitudeIt’s B that the cargo was damaged by your stevedores.A.brightB.distinctC.plainD.evidentA large navigational buoy(LNB) is painted red.Aboard a survival craft, ether can be used to start the engine in cold weather.Cribbing（甲板货）垫料The American Petroleum Institute recommends that connecting links and anchor shackles be inspected using magnetic partical inspection.The command MEET HER means the helmsman should use rudder to slow the vessel’s swing. 注：MEET HER.=meet the ship用舵校正航向Magnetic dip磁倾角rudder palms舵法令Splint夹板Fillet weld角焊bench hook缝帆钩。
航海英语——精选推荐
中华人民共和国海事局2006年第3期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题（总第41期）科目：航海英语试卷代号：901适用对象：无限航区、近洋航区船舶船长(本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间100分钟)答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。
第1题至68题，每题1分，第69题至76题，每题1．5分，第77题至78题每题10分。
一．单项选择题1．Said cargo spaces having been cleaned in accordance with the Regulations of the United States Coast Guard and the Code of Federal Regulations so far as applicable, and in accordance with the recommendations of the National Cargo Bureau,Inc．This wording is likely to appear in ______．A．CERTIFICA TE OF CLEANLINESSB．FUMIGA TION AND GAS FREE CERTIFICA TEC．CERTIFICA TE OF CLASSD．INTERNA TIONAL OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION CERTIFICA TE2．Free Radio Pratique will be granted by the Port Health Office in the following case ______．A．V essel with a case or suspected case of infectious disease on boardB．V essel with a dead body on boardC．V essel which has visited plague-infected ports during the current voyageD．Cargo vessel which hasn't called at any plague infected ports during the current voyage and on which there is not any case of infectious disease, or any dead body3．Due to lapse of time the risk in these areas to surface navigation is now considered ______ than the ordinary risks of navigation, but a very real risk still exists with regard to anchoring,fishing or any form of submarine or seabed activity．A．more serious B．not less serious C．more dangerous D．no more dangerous 4．At last,the palm trees that fringe the natural harbor of Port Aloahoa come into view on the horizon lit by the setting sun．The meaning of this sentence is that ______．A．a vessel arrives at a port in a evening B．a vessel leaves a port in a eveningC．a vessel arrives at a port in a morning D．a vessel leaves a port in a morning5．A vessel is entering port A for the first time and has a Pilot conning the vessel．The Master is unsure that the Pilot is taking sufficient action to prevent a collision．What should the Master do?A．Nothing; The Pilot is required by law and is solely responsible for the safety of the vessel B．State his concerns to the Pilot but do not interfere with the handling of the vesselC．Direct the Pilot to stop the vessel and anchor if necessary until the situation clearsD．Recommend an alternative action and if not followed relieve the Pilot6．Monsoons are characterized by ______．A．light,variable winds with little or no humidityB．strong,gusty winds that blow from the same general direction all yearC．steady winds that reverse direction semiannuallyD．strong,cyclonic winds that change direction to conform to the passage of an extreme lowpressure system7．What is the use of the books of Admiralty List of Lights and Fog Signals?Their use is to ______．A．mention signal stations and ice, storm, traffic and port signalsB．give the international numbers of lightsC．give the correction of the lights and fog signalsD．give the information on the lights and fog signals8．______ of the following need NOT be entered in the Official Logbook?A．The testing of the internal combustion engine driven emergency generators at least once each month the vessel is navigatedB．The testing of storage batteries for emergency lighting and power systems once each 6 months the vessel is navigatedC．The actual draft when the vessel arrives in salt water after departing a portD．The testing of the line-throwing appliance once every 3 months9．A vessel arrives in a foreign port and the Master is informed that the vessel is being sold to foreign interests．The new owners request that the crew remain on board to complete the voyage．Under these circumstances, the crew ______．A．have the right to an immediate discharge and transportation to original port of engagement B．must remain on boardC．must comply with the decision made by the MasterD．must remain aboard until the vessel is delivered to the new owners at a mutually agreed upon port10．I,the undersigned，Master of MV Roslyn，certify that my vessel ______ the conditions laid down in Articles 18 and 45 of the Navigation Regulations．A．satisfies B．incurs C．occurs D．contains11．This is to advise you that MV Water Way arrived at Sheerness at 1000 hours on May 14th and the formalities for entering the port were passed at 1040 hours on the same day．Now she is in all respects ready and fit to discharge her cargo of grain in bulk．Theses sentences are likely to appear in ______．A．Dec laration of Deadweight Tonnage of Cargo B．Notice of DemurrageC．Notice of Despatch D．Notice of Readiness 12．PLEASE BE ADVISED THE CAPTIONED VESSEL PROVISIONS SUPPLY HAS BEEN DULY ARRANGED AND SHIP CHANDLER WILL GO ON BOARD YR GOOD SHIPTO A TTEND TO THIS AFTER BERTHING．This telex says that ______．A．the provisions have been provided on boardB．the provisions will be delivered to youC．the shipchandler will go on board your vessel for detailsD．the provisions have not yet been arranged13．The Experimental Lighthouse-buoy has no navigational significance and may be removed at will．The above sentence means ______．A．It's of no use for navigation and would be removed with noticeB．It's useful in navigation and may be removed without noticeC．It's helpless in navigation and may be removed without noticeD．It's helpful in navigation and may be removed without notice14．RYTLX DD 5TH/4 HA VING CONTACTED HARBOUR OFFICE AND LOCAL SALV AGE COMPANY WE WUD LIKE TO ADVISE TT, THEY ARE GLAD TO ASSIST YOU TO POSITION THE ANCHOR AND GET IT OUT OF W A TER．This fax says that ______．A．they are glad to salvage the anchorB．the HARBOUR OFFICE has been advised that the anchor has been gotten out of waterC．the LOCAL SALV AGE COMPANY can hardly salvage the anchorD．both HARBOUR OFFICE and LOCAL SALV AGE COMPANY will be contacted to salvage the anchor15．RYC8/TKS PLSPROCEED PEAKIS MEET/PLT SHIFT W/ANCH FOR/QTINE THEN/TO E/ANCH FOR/SUPPLY．This telex indicates that ______．A．the vessel will anchor at eastern anchorage and take supply at the western anchorageB．the vessel will anchor at western anchorage and take supply at the eastern anchorageC．the vessel will anchor at eastern anchorage and take supply thereD．the vessel will anchor at western anchorage and take supply there16．Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding noting protest after having a rough ocean voyage？A．Protest shall be noted upon arrival in the first port before a notary public or a port authority B．If damage to cargo is found while in the first port of call you should extend your note of protestC．If in any other port further damage to cargo is found you should extend your note of protest D．You note protest because it proves conclusively that the vessel was not at fault for any cargo damage17．If the PSCO from general impressions or observations on board has _______for believing that the ship，its equipment or its crew do not substantially meet the requirements，the PSCO should proceed to a more detailed inspection．A．clean report B．serious deficiencies C．clear ground D．detention report 18．Protection of cargo against tainting damage can best be obtained by ______．A．V entilating the spaceB．Not ventilating the spaceC．Proper use of paper separation and dunnageD．Segregation of cargo by using different hatches19．The accident ______ caused damage to my hull．A．have B．is C．will D．has20．______ is known as a long hatch during loading operation．A．The largest hatch of a shipB．The hatch that is double riggedC．The hatch where a disproportionate amount of cargo is stowedD．The hatch where the most cargo is stowed21．Mooring ______ are placed on both banks of the Suez Canal about 200m apart．A．bollards B．ballasts C．bands D．benefits22．Y our oceangoing vessel is required to have a waste management plan．This plan must be inwriting and describe procedures for ______．A．collecting and discharging garbageB．disposing waste from marine sanitation devicesC．reducing the amount of shipboard wasteD．segregating the different types of shipboard waste23．______ may be defined as a departure without justification and under no necessity from the proper and usual course of an agreed voyage, whereby the character and the incidents of such voyage are altered．A．Deviation B．Change C．Alteration D．Amendment24．The carrier has before and at the beginning of the voyage, to ______ due diligence to make the ship seaworthy．A．pay B．export C．import D．exercise25．Where any sacrifice of the ship, her store or tackle is necessary to avert a common danger, it will be the subject of ______ unless it was incurred in fulfilling the Shipowner's original contract to carry the goods safely to their destination．A．particular average B．general average contributionC．common average D．special average26．While a vessel is at sea，the mate on watch discovers a fire in one of the hatches．Fire hoses are used to put the fire out and some of the cargo is damaged by water．In marine insurance terms，this partial loss by water is called ______．A．an Act of God B．fire and water damageC．general average D．particular average27．According to bill of lading，the weight，measure，marks，numbers，quality，contents and value，being particulars furnished by ______，are not checked by the carrier on loadingA．the Shipowner B．the Charterer C．the receiver D．the shipper 28．Which is a negotiated charter?A．Fixture B．Bill of Lading C．Conference agreement D．All of the above 29．According to Sinotime,______ to provide all ropes, falls, slings and blocks actually used for loading and discharging．A．Either Owners or Charterer B．The ChartererC．The Owners D．Neither Charterer nor Owners30．The charterer has completed loading the vessel in 3 days instead of the 5 days agreed to in the charter party．As a result of this, the ______．A．shipowner may charge for two laydays B．charterer may receive dispatch moneyC．stevedore may collect demurrage D．consignee may be required to pay a ceaser fee 31．In any event Owners shall not for any reason or for any purpose send the V essel to call ports of Taiwan ______ the consent of Charterers be first obtained．A．except B．besides C．rather than D．unless32．Y our vessel is chartered under a time charter party．Under this type of charter party,your responsibility is ______．A．solely to the charterer for all matters pertaining to cargo and ship administrationB．solely to the cargo shippers and consigneesC．solely to the owner,as under normal conditionsD．to the owner for vessel administration and to the charterer for cargo operations and schedule 33．Should notice of acceptance of the V essel's classification records and of the V essel not be received by the Sellers,the deposit together with interest earned shall be released immediately to the ______,whereafter this Agreement shall be null and void．A．Buyers B．Sellers C．issuing bank D．insurer34．Which lien against a vessel would be settled FIRST?A．Maintenance and cure B．V essel mortgageC．Salvage lien D．Ship repairer's lien35．All dues, taxes and charges or any other expenses in connection with the goods shall be paid by ______．A．the carrier B．the merchant C．the owner D．the shipper 36．Masters are ______ to make themselves well acquainted with these regulations．A．binding B．bound C．bounded D．bounding37．It is essential for ______ to give a complete description of damage and shortage in the discharging report．A．the office staff B．the terminal staffC．the ship's crew D．the insurance company38．In charter-party, a clause states: the vessel to be employed between good and safe ports or places where she can ______．A．safe lie always float B．safely lie always floatC．safe lie always afloat D．safely lie always afloat39．To earn lump sum freight, either ______ must complete the voyage, or else the cargo must be transshipped, or forwarded by some means other than the ship in which it was originally loaded, and delivered by the Shipowner or his agents at its destination．A．the Shipowner B．the shipper C．the consignor D．the consignee 40．Orders of the Master to the officer of the watch which he must comply with are ______．A．check list B．Standing ordersC．Commands by master D．Requirements by master41．The Safety Equipment Certificate shows that the vessel conforms to the standards of the ______．A．MSA B．American Bureau of ShippingC．American Salvage Association D．SOLAS Convention42．SOLAS requires a lifesaving training manual be provided in each crew cabin or in the ______．A．bridge B．engineering control stationC．recreation and messrooms D．fire control room43．Y ou detect oil around your tanker while discharging．The FIRST thing to do is ______．A．try to find out where the oil is coming from B．call the MasterC．have the pumpman check the discharge piping D．shut down operations44．Y ou are on a multiple-product chemical tanker with orders to load diethylamine(二乙胺)．What is NOT a requirement for transporting this cargo?A．Y ou must have two toxic vapor detectors or the pumproom must meet special requirements B．Each crew member must be provided with an emergency escape breathing apparatusC．A person taking cargo samples must wear protective clothingD．If you are carrying propionic acid also, the venting systems must be segregated45．If you were being assisted by an icebreaker and he sent you the single letter Q, he would be telling you ______．A．that he has his engines in reverseB．that he is shortening the distance between vesselsC．to shorten the distance between vesselsD．that his vessel is healthy46．If you wear extra clothing when entering the water after abandoning ship it will ______．A．weigh you down B．preserve body heatC．reduce your body heat D．make it more difficult to breathe47．Before letting the anchor go, you should check that the ______．A．chain is clear B．anchor is clear of obstructionsC．wildcat is disengaged D．All of the above48．Y ou are steaming in the open ocean of the North Pacific between the Aleutian Chain(阿留申群岛) and Hawaii．A warning broadcast indicates that an earthquake has occurred in the Aleutians and has generated a tsunami that is predicted to hit Hawaii．What action is necessary?A．Calculate the tsunami's ETA at your position and turn to a course that will head into the TsunamiB．Securely stow all loose gear, check deck lashings, and prepare for extreme rollsC．No special action as tsunamis are inconspicuous in the open oceanD．Prepare for sudden, high-velocity wind gusts from rapidly changing directions49．When towing alongside (breasted tow), more forward movement will be imparted to the tow by ______．A．increasing the angle of line pull to the keel axis of the towB．reducing the angle of line pull to the keel axis of the towC．positioning the towing vessel on the forward end of the towD．shortening the length of the tow line50．Which vessel is underway according to the Rules?A．A vessel made fast to a buoy B．A purse seiner hauling her netsC．A pilot vessel at anchor D．A vessel which has run aground51．Y ou are anchoring in a river where the current is from one direction only．The best way to lay out two anchors is to have them ______．A．directly in line with the bowB．side by side, with their lines on the port and starboard sideC．so that their lines form an angleD．on top of one another52．Which is NOT correct in the following as to the Special Compensation?A．it is an exception to the principle of no cure-no payB．it is to encourage the prevention or minimization of damages to the environmentC．all the parties interested shall contribute to itD．it will be paid only when it is greater than any reward recoverable53．Before loading bulk grain, bilge wells must be covered to ______．A．add strength to the bilge well strainerB．permit rapid flow of water to the bilge wellsC．prevent cargo sifting into the bilge wellsD．prevent oil, water, or other liquid from reaching the cargo54．When two ballast pumps used for deballasting a single tank start cavitating，you should ______．A．open all valves on the discharge side to permit improved flowB．close the valve on the discharge side of the pump to re-acquire suctionC．close the valve on the suction side of the ballast pump to re-prime the pumpD．shut down one pump55．A weather map is a synoptic data because it ______．A．summarizes a great deal of information B．can be interpreted accuratelyC．appears daily D．is prepared by the Weather Bureau 56．The strong wind will make us ______ here for some days．A．to stay B．staying C．stay D．stayed57．Low pressure disturbances, which travel along the intertropical convergence zone, are called ______．A．permanent waves B．tidal waves C．tropical waves D．tropical storms 58．Prior to magnetic particle inspection of anchor chain, the chain should be ______．A．degaussed B．demagnetized C．soaked D．sandblasted59．On a vessel with a single propeller，transverse force has the most effect on the vessel when the engine is put ______．A．full ahead B．full astern C．half ahead D．slow astern60．The best way to test the INMARSAT-C terminal is to ______．A．s end a message to a shore terminal and wait for confirmationB．c ompose and send a brief message to your own INMARSAT-C terminalC．s end a message to another ship terminal and wait for confirmationD．see if the send light flashes，then proper operation has been confirmed61．Which piece of required GMDSS equipment is the primary source of transmitting locating signals?A．Radio Direction Finder (RDF) B．An EPIRB transmitting on 406 MHzC．Survival Craft Transceiver D．A SART transmitting on 406 MHz62．Which statement about immersion suits is TRUE?A．Immersion suits should be worn during routine work on deck to provide maximum protection B．After purchasing, the suit should be removed from its storage bag and hung on a hanger where readily accessibleC．Immersion suits must have a PFD light attached to the front shoulder areaD．Small leaks or tears may be repaired using the repair kit packed with the suit63．Where the time for loading is fixed，and the lay days have once started to run，time will ______ against Charterer，even though the ship is，by circumstances altogether beyond the control of either party，forced to leave port before loading is completed，unless the ship's departure was due to an exception of which the Charterer can claim benefit．A．cease to run B．continue to run C．cease running D．continue to running 64．You should conduct a sector search under which of the following circumstances?A．The search target is sighted and then lostB．More than one vessel is available for a searchC．The search object is a target that will be readily detected by radarD．An aircraft is available to assist a surface vessel65．One of the limitations of foam as an extinguishing agent is that foam ______．A．cannot be made with salt water B．is heavier than oil and sinks below its surface C．is corrosive and a hazard to fire fighters D．conducts electricity66．The Muster List shows each person's lifeboat station, duties during abandonment, basic instructions, and ______．A．all emergency signals B．instructions for lowering the lifeboatsC．the time each weekly drill will be held D．work schedule67．It is generally NOT allowed to clean up an oil spill by using ______．A．a boom B．suction equipment C．chemical agents D．skimmers 68．A man has suffered a burn on the arm．There is extensive damage to the skin with charring(炭化)present．How is this injury classified using standard medical terminology?A．Dermal burn B．Third-degree burn C．Major burn D．Lethal burn二．关联题（每组关联题题干下有4个小题，每小题4个选项）第一组：Ships entering piracy risk areas must be aware of the risk of attack and should take appropriate measures to increase the level of surveillance(监督) and security on board and devise means of responding to attacks．A clear and comprehensive Ship Security Plan and the training of crews in security measures and response techniques are essential．Without clearly defined and rigorously practiced procedures, the risk of an uncoordinated response during the inevitable confusion of an attack increases the danger faced by those on board the ship．While a Ship Security Plan and crew training may not prevent an attack they should help reduce the risks if an attack takes place．Attacks by pirates or armed robbers pose an immediate threat to the safety of a ship and individual crew members．When responding to attacks, masters and crews should seek to minimize the risk to those on board and maintain effective control over the safe navigation of the ship．Finally, it is important that all incidents of piracy and armed robbery, even minor incidents, are reported in detail to the appropriate authorities as soon as practicable．Accurate knowledge of the type and extent of piracy and armed robbery of ships is valuable for assessing the risk and formulating a comprehensive response．69．The passage implies the following except ______．A．Safety of lives onboard and the control of the safe navigation of the ship are the priority considerations when making decisions in responding to attacksB．A clear and comprehensive Ship Security Plan can be developed by notifying the appropriate authorities of piracy-related informationC．The risk of an uncoordinated response during the inevitable confusion of an attack could bedecreased by clearly defined and well practiced proceduresD．The communication of piracy-related information is a useful mechanism for anti-piracy Actions70．Without clearly defined and rigorously practiced procedures, the risk of an uncoordinated response during the inevitable confusion of an attack increases the danger faced by those on board the ship．A．frequently B．periodically C．occasionally D．strictly71．Which of the following is correct according to the passage?A．A Ship Security Plan can always define clear and comprehensive proceduresB．Rigorously practiced procedure can always prevent a piracy attackC．A well-designed Ship Security Plan and the training of crews are significant for anti-piracy D．A well-designed Ship Security Plan and the training of crews can always prevent the ship from being attacked72．Which of the following is not mentioned as the measures taken for anti-piracy?A．Risk assessment and Ship Security PlanB．security alarming system onboardC．Practices of proceduresD．communication of piracy- or security- related information第二组：During the morning of 2 August the supply vessel Putford Worker was working cargo at installations in the North Sea．She had completed operations at one installation without incident．At 1110 she approached the second installation and carried out precautionary engine and steering tests．These were satisfactory, and at 1115 the vessel was in position to work cargo．The master was on the bridge at the joystick control; the weather was fine and the sea calm．The first lift was a 10' x 8' container．The deck crew attached the hook of the installation's crane to the container, and moved forward to a safe position．The master then noticed that the vessel was moving forward out of position and moved the joystick to counteract the ahead movement．He then saw that the port propeller was indicating full ahead pitch, so changed from joystick to manual pitch controls and promptly put them to full astern．This did not prevent the vessel moving ahead so far that the attached container be dragged over the stern and into the sea．Placing the manual pitch controls to zero then caused both propellers to return to neutral．Control of the vessel was regained, and the problem did not immediately re-occur．Later tests and inspections by specialist control engineers and the propeller manufacturers showed no fault with the control systems or the port propeller．However, some wear was found in the feedback linkages on the control system of the starboard propeller．This was rectified, and manoeuvring tests completed satisfactorily．73．In this passage the supply vessel is ______．A．one that supplies fuel oils to other deep sea vesselsB．one that supplies stores to other deep sea vesselsC．a tug boatD．smaller container vessel74．The joystick is a device ______．A．controlling rudders B．controlling shore cranesC．controlling the operation of cargoes D．controlling the propellers75．On noticing that the vessel was moving forward out of position, the master ______．A．moved the joystick forward to go together with the ahead movementB．moved the shore crane to go aftwardC．made the container move aftward by operating the joystickD．operated the joystick to control the vessel and move her aftward76．It is clearly demonstrated that ______．A．the testing of engines and steering before working cargo at an installation is an important precautionB．the testing of engines and steering before working cargo at an installation was not followed by Putford WorkerC．there is no value of moving the deck crew clear once a lift is attachedD．had the deck crew not bothered to move clear from, the consequences could have been avoided三．中译英（共2题，请将答案写在答题纸上）77．先生们：我遗憾地报告如下事故，该事故涉及到昨晚在我船工作的一位装卸工人。
丙类三副英语
丙类三副英语丙类三副航海英语1541]Which signal of the follwings is not provided with onboard lifeboat?A.Rocket parachute signalsB.Buoyant smoke signalsC.Hand flare signalsD.Self-igniting signals⾃亮信号译：下列哪种信号在救⽣艇上不配备？⾃亮信号[2]According to IMO regulations,______shall be posed outside lifeboat?A.the retro-reflective tapes反光带B.the reflective tapesC.the flashing bandsD.the anti-flashing bands译：根据国际海事组织规则，反光带应张贴在救⽣艇外⾯[3]Which one of the following is not required on survival crafts?A.Anti-seasickness medicineB.Immersion suitsC.axesD.lifebuoys救⽣圈译：下⾯哪⼀个在在救⽣筏上不需要---救⽣圈[4]Have the safety belts for _______been examined?A.total enclosed lifeboatsB.totally enclosing lifeboatsC.totally enclosed lifeboats全封闭式救⽣艇D.total encloseing lifeboats译：全封闭式救⽣艇的安全带已经检查过了吗？[5]The fire-protected lifeboats are found_____________.A.in satisfactorily conditionB.satisfactorilyC.satisfactory满意的（adj表状态）D.satisfactored译：发现防⽕救⽣艇处于良好状态[6]We test the water spray fire protection system of fire-protected lifeboats every 3 months,___the abandon ship drill. /doc/ad84cc33a12d7375a417866fb84ae45c3b35c2fb.html bining with/doc/ad84cc33a12d7375a417866fb84ae45c3b35c2fb.html bined with连同/doc/ad84cc33a12d7375a417866fb84ae45c3b35c2fb.html bining to/doc/ad84cc33a12d7375a417866fb84ae45c3b35c2fb.html bined to译：我们每三个⽉连同弃船演习测试防⽕救⽣艇的喷⽔防⽕系统，。
航海英语02
101 When your vessel enters thick fog, she should ______ every 2 minutes in accordance with these Rules.A. One short blast.B. One prolonged blast.C. Two short blasts.D. Three short blasts.KEY:B当船舶进入浓雾（一级能见度）中（航行），根据规则她应每隔2分钟鸣放一长声气笛。
102 Which general statement concerning radar is FALSE?______A. Raising the antenna height increases the radar range.B. The ability of radar to detect objects is unaffected by weather conditions.C. Radar bearings are less accurate than radar ranges.D. Radar should be checked reqularly during clear weather to ensure that it is operating properlyKEY:B哪一个关于雷达的一般陈述是错误的？雷达获取物标的能力不受天气条件的影响103_______: A room on or near the bridge provided with the necessary fittings and furniture for the handling and stowage of charts and where the chronometers are placed.A. Captain's cabinB. Chief officer's lockerC. ChartroomD. Pilot's cabinKEY:C海图室：一间在驾驶台或附近为海图的处理和存放配备必须的设备和用具并且那放置了一只天文钟。
航海英语
第一章航海基本知识1 Roll-on\roll-off ships are equipped with CA cargo elevatorsB conveyor beltsC rampsD derricks and winches for cargo handling滚装船配备了什么。
2 Permission is requested to pump out about 200 tons of clean sea ballast water for purposes.BA safe manningB trimmingC avoiding collisionD preventing pollution要求允许用泵打出约220吨的干净压载水为了什么目的。
3 Who checks the bridge clock for accuracy each day BA Third officerB Second officerC Chief officerD Assistant officer谁每天检查驾驶台的钟的精确度4 V essel must be duly qualified officers and crew.CA.supplied withB.B.equipped byC.C.manned withD.D.fitted with船舶必须什么恰当的有资格的驾驶员和船员5 The man in charge of a ship is He is responsible for the ship, her cargo and the safety of the crew.DA.Chief officerB.Second OfficerC.Third OfficerD.Master负责船舶的人是谁，他负责船舶，货物和船员的安全。
6 -is the head of the deck department.AA.The Chief OfficerB.The Second OfficerC.C.The Third OfficerD.D.The Master谁是甲板的负责人。
兰生复旦英语附加卷首字母
C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格处填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：（14分）(A)Whether it is “women and children first” or “every manfor himself” in a shipwreck may depend on how long it takesthe ship to sink, researchers said recently．When the Lusitania was torpedoed (用鱼雷袭击) by aGerman ship in 1915, it sank in 18 minutes and the m__1__ ofthe survivors were young men and women who respondedimmediately to their powerful survival instincts．But when the Titanic struck an iceberg in 1912, it t__2__three hours to go down, allowing time for more civilizedbehavior to take control--and the majority of the survivors were women, children and people with young children．Economist Benno Torgler of the Queensland University of Technology in Australia and his colleagues studied the two sinkings in order to explore the economic theory that people generally behave in a “rational” and selfish manner. The two tragedies provided a “natural experiment” for testing the idea, because the passengers on the two ships were quite similar in t__3__ of gender and wealth．The major difference was how long it took the ships to sink. They suggested that when people have l__4__ time to react, instincts may rule. When more time is available, social influences play a bigger role. But psychologists noted that many factors other than following social norms (社会规范)could come into play in a disaster, including an evolutionary urge to save the species, attachments that are formed between individuals during the event and the leadership of authority figures．The extent of altruism（利他主义）an d how it occurs “is a very controversial issue,” said Anthony R. Mawson, a professor of preventive medicine at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. He thinks the dominant response was attachment behavior．Psychologist Daniel Kruger of the University of Michigan, US thinks that the answer lies less in social norms and m__5__ in our evolutionary heritage. Human beings have a deep instinct to preserve our kind, he said, and that means “people are more likely to s__6__ those who have higher reproductive value, namely the young and women in child-bearing years”．Kruger also stressed the importance of leadership during a disaster, noting that the Titanic’s captain appeared to have g__7__control than the Lusitania’s．【答案及解析】1.majority/most在收到袭击后，沉船的“大部分”生还者为年轻人。
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CRS Report for CongressPrepared for Members and Committees of Congress
Navy LPD-17 Amphibious Ship Procurement: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress
Ronald O'Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs
March 16, 2011
Congressional Research Service7-5700 www.crs.gov RL34476 Navy LPD-17 Amphibious Ship Procurement Congressional Research Service Summary The Navy’s proposed FY2012 budget requests funding for the procurement of an 11th San Antonio (LPD-17) class amphibious ship. The Navy intends this ship to be the final ship in the class. The ship has received $184.0 million in prior-year advance procurement (AP) funding, and the Navy’s proposed FY2012 budget requests the remaining $1,847.4 million needed to complete the ship’s estimated procurement cost of $2,031.4 million.
The Navy plans to begin procuring a new class of amphibious ship called the LSD(X) in FY2017. Some observers have suggested using the LPD-17 design as the basis for the LSD(X). Navy officials do not stress this option and instead appear more interested in developing an all-new design for the LSD(X). If a decision were made to use the LPD-17 design as the basis for the LSD(X), then procuring a 12th LPD-17 in FY2014 or FY2015 would help keep the LPD-17 production line open until the procurement of the first LSD(X) in FY2017, which in turn might help reduce LSD(X) production costs.
Issues for Congress include whether to approve, reject, or modify the Navy’s proposed funding request for the 11th LPD-17, whether to encourage or direct the Navy to use the LPD-17 design as the basis for the design of the LSD(X), and—particularly if the LPD-17 design is used as the basis for the LSD(X)—whether to fund the procurement of a 12th LPD-17 in FY2014 or FY2015. Navy LPD-17 Amphibious Ship Procurement
Congressional Research Service Contents Introduction................................................................................................................................1 Background................................................................................................................................1 Amphibious Ships in General................................................................................................1 Roles and Missions of Amphibious Ships........................................................................1 Amphibious Lift Goal.....................................................................................................2 Current and Projected Force of Amphibious Ships...........................................................3 LPD-17 Program...................................................................................................................3 Program Origin...............................................................................................................3 Construction Shipyards...................................................................................................4 Procurement History.......................................................................................................4 Cost Growth, Schedule Delays, and Construction Problems.............................................4 Option of Using LPD-17 Design as Basis for LSD(X).....................................................4 FY2012 Funding Request................................................................................................5
Issues for Congress.....................................................................................................................5 Legislative Activity For FY2012.................................................................................................6 FY2012 Funding Request......................................................................................................6
Tables Table 1. Projected Number of Amphibious Ships, FY2011-FY2040.............................................3 Table 2. LPD-17 Procurement, FY1996-FY2010.........................................................................4 Table B-1. Amphibious Lift Goals Since 1980...........................................................................12 Table B-2. MEB AE Lift Elements............................................................................................14 Table B-3. Ships Required for Various Potential Lift Goals........................................................15
Appendixes Appendix A. Legislative Activity for FY2011..............................................................................8 Appendix B. Additional Information on Amphibious Lift Goal..................................................12 Appendix C. LPD-17 Cost Growth and Construction Problems.................................................17