高考英语语法易错点归纳

高考英语语法易错点归纳

一、定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom),所有格whose)和关系副词

where when why

等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词

that,which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose在从句中作定语,而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。如:

①I will never forget the days when/in which we

worked together.

②I will never forget the days which/that we spent

together.

解析:在句①中,表示时间的名词the

days在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词when来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词the days;而在句②中,表示时间的名词the

days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语,所以用关系代词that或which来代指。

同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副词where

或why来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which或that来代替。

如:

①This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作状语)

②This is the factory that/which I visited years

ago.(作宾语)

注:当先行词为time,reason, place时,引导词可以省略。如:

①This was the first (when/what) I had serious

trouble with my boss.

②That is the reason (why) I did it.

③This is the place (where) we met yesterday.

另外,定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如:

①Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present

1

at the party.0

②He is one of the students who were praised by the

teacher.

解析:在句①中,先行词foreigner被only修饰,强调只有一个,所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式,而在句②中,who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the

students,为复数,所以从句谓语动词应为复数。

感悟:学生之所以在这一点上经常出错,主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻,分辨不出主句和从句,对句子成分的把握也不到位,搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。所以要做好这一类题,要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法,而且应善于分辨和分析句子结构及其相应成分,这样才能对症下药,快速准确地找到瓿之所在

二名词性从句中的易错点

(一)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句

定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系,“……的名词”,而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词,如

fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。That在定语从句中必须作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。如:

①Along with the letter was his promise that he

would visit me this coming Christmas. ②Do you

still remember the chicken farm that we visited

three months ago.

解析:在句①中,that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容,that不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,而在句②中,that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语,对先行词the

chicken farm起修饰作用。

感悟:学生之所以在这一点上容易出错,主要还是因为对定语从句的理解不够深刻,分辨不出that 在从句中是否充当了句子成分,因此,还需在句子分析上下功夫,并且搞清何谓同位语从句。

(二)名词性从句中,关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点

1)名词性从句作主语或宾语时,为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如:

It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a

speech.(形式主语)

We think it possible that you can finish the job

today.(形式宾语)

2)谓语动词appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love,

make等接由if或when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it.

例如:I would appreciate it if you could come to my

birthday party.

3)动词hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that

引导的病因从句式,往往在从句前加形式宾语it.

例如:① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai

soon.

② we punished it that we had finished the project

ahead of time.

4)短语动词answer for, count on depend on, insist on,

see to等后接有that引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语it.

例如:① I’m counting on it that yo u will come.

② She’ll see to it that he goes ahead.

注:作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it.

三、代词it、one、that的用法与区别.

One泛指,指代前面提到的那类人或物,用于指代可数名词,相当于a+名词单数,其复数形式ones 前一般要有定语,否则就要用some.

That(those复数)即可指代不可数名词,表特指,相当于the+名词,后面经常与介词修饰语连用。It指代上文出现的名词,表示同类同物,另外还可表示时间、距离、天气、还可指代人称代词,表示性别身份不明,可作形式主语,形式宾语,引导强调句式以及一些固定搭配,如:get

it, catch it, make it.

例如:① I have lost my watch. I think I must buy

one.我丢了只表,我想我必须再买一只。(代指上文指到的同类事物,但不指同一个)