英美文化概况10套试题与答

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英语专业考研英美概况自测题（一）British Survey TestPart I Geography1.The total area of the U.K. is.A. 211,440B. 244,110C. 241,410D. 242,5342.England occupies the portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern3.The most important part of the U.K. in wealth is.A. Northern IrelandB. EnglandC. Scotland4. _____ is on the western prominence between the Bristol Channel and the Dee estuary.A. WalesB. ScotlandC. England5.Wales was effectively united with England in the century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16th6.By the Act of Union of Scotland and the kingdom of England and Wales were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Britain.A. 1707B.1921C. 18017.Physiographically Britain may be divided into ________ provinces.A. 13B. 12C. 148.Mt. Ben Nevis stands in.A. the Scottish HighlandsB. WalesC. England9.The main rivers parting in Britain runs from ________ .A. north to southB. south to northC. east to west10.Cheviot hills lie along the border between ________ and England.A. ScotlandB. WalesC. Vale of Eden11.The longest river in Britain is ________ .A. SevernB. ClydeC. Bann12.London is situated on the River of ________ .A. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey13.Edinburgh is the capital of _______ .A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales14.The rivers flowing into the _______ are mainly short.A. North SeaB. English ChannelC. Dee estuary15.Mt. Snowdon stands in ________ .A. ScotlandB. WalesC. England16.The source of the important River Thames is in the.A. CotswoldsB. Oxford ClayC. Pennines17.About of the water requirements are obtained from underground sources.A. 50%B. 38%C. 42%18.Gaelic is mainly spoken in ________ .A. ScotlandB. EnglandC. Northern Ireland19.The Bank of England was nationalized in.A. 1964B.1946C.169420.Britain is basically an importer of.A. foodB. raw materialsC. manufacturesD. both A and B21.British farmers produce enough food to supply of the needs of the population.A. 2/3B. 4/5C. 1/222.Britain ' s main cereal crop is.A. oatsB. cornC. barleyD. rye23.The center of the Britain financial system is.A. Bank of EnglandB. Bank of BritainC. Bank of U.K.24.The three Germanic tribes that invaded Britain include the following except __________ .A. the AnglesB. the SaxonsC. the PictsD. the Jutes25." Black Country " refers to.A. countryside in EnglandB. an area around BirminghamC. a country in Africa26.The second largest port in Britain is.A. LondonB. BelfastC. Liverpool27.The capital city of Northern Ireland is.A. CardiffB. BelfastC. Leith28.Celtic tribes began to settle in Britain from about B.C.A. 410B. 750C. 30029.The U.K. is rich in the following except.A. coalB. ironC. goldD. tin30.The decrease of British population is caused by the following except.A. limitation of immigrationB. fall of the birth rateC. fall of death rateD. unemployment31.The proportion of the English in the whole population is.A. 60%B. 80%C. 70%32.The Queen ' s University is in the city of.A. BelfastB. EdinburghC. Manchester33.The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except __________ .A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect34.About ______ percent of the population live in cities or towns.A. 80B. 85C. 9035.The land available for farming in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland does not exceed million acres.A. 30B. 25C. 4036.The highest mountain in England is ________ .A. Mt. MourneB. Mt. SnowdonC. Mt. Seafell37.The second largest city in England is _________ .A. GlasgowB. BirminghamC. Manchester38.The modern Scots and Irish are the descendants of.A. GaelsB. BritonsC. Anglo-Saxons39.Scotland occupies the portion of Great Britain.A. southernB. northernC. western40.By the Act of Union in , the name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was adopted.41.has its own national church and its own system of law.A. WalesB. Northern IrelandC. Scotland42.The End includes Westminster, St. James ' PalaceA. EastB. WestC. North43.includes London, the centre of government for the whole nation.A. ScotlandB. Northern IrelandC. WalesD. England1.The U.K. is situated in _Northwestern Europe.2.The full title of the U.K. is the United Kingdom of and.3.The U.K. consists of England,,and Northern Ireland.4.The largest part of U.K. is.5.The capital of England and of Great Britain is.6.is composed of six Irish counties that elected to remain in the union with Great Britain.7.The name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was replaced by the present name after the 26 counties of Ireland obtained autonomy in.8.The highest mountain in Britain is.9.The " Backbone of England " refers to the.10.Natural gas was discovered in Britain in the.11.The most important river is the River of.12.The political centre of the Commonwealth is.13.Belfast Lough and Lough Neagh lie in.14.The climate of Britain is moderated by the and is much milder than that ofmany places in the same latitude.15.Britain ' s Industrial Revolution took place betwee and.16.The Bank of England was founded in.17.The population of the U.K. is more than million.18.Britain is basically an exporter of.19.The population of the U.K. consists of the English, the Welsh, the Scottish and the.20.In Wales many people speak.21.People sing the national anthem in _______ .22.The earliest invasion is that by the-haired Mediterranean race called the Iberians.23.The modern and are the descendants of the Gaels of the Celtic tribes.24.The Britons of the Celtic tribes were the forefathers of the modern.25.Greater London is made up of 12 London boroughs and Outer London boroughs.26.The International festival of music and the arts is held every year in the city of.27.The British national anthem is _________________________________ .28.The U.K. lies to the of France.29.Westminster, the area of central government administration is situated in the End.30.River ______ flows through Glasgow.31. Mt. Seafell stands in 32. The source of the River 33. The capital city of Wales is 34. The United Kingdom is rich in 35. Define the Following Terms 36." Backbone England ":Pennines37. Greater London 38. Celts I. Answer the Following Questions英美概况一答案英美概况英国历史部分History1. Julius Caesar invaded Britain __B___. A. once B. twice C. three times2. King Arthur was the king of __B. A. Picts B. Celts C. Scots D. Jutes3. The first " King of the English B." was _ A. Alfred B. Egbert C. Bede D. Ethelred4. Christianity was introduced into England in the late __C__ century. A. 14th B. 8th C. 6th5. In 1653 A was made Lord Protector for life. A. Oliver Cromwell B. Charles I C. William II6. The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _A ________ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people. A. Saxons B. Scots C. Welsh D. Wessex7. The head of the church in Anglo-Saxon times was _D. A. the King of Denmark and Norway B. the king of England C. Julius Caesar D. the Archbishop of Canterburyis in the Cotswolds., iron, tin, copper, lead and silver. 39. The"Irish Question??Part I DCBAA CAAABABBBBABABDACACBCBBCDBADAACBABACBDII. Northwestern Great Britain, Northern Ireland Scottish, WelshEngland London Northern Ireland 1921Ben NevisPenninesNorth Sea Thames London Northern Ireland Atlantic Gulf Stream manufacture IrishWelshEnglishdark 1750, Scots, Irish1850Welsh 169457Inner, 20 Edinburgh Cardiff coalGod Save the Queen NorthWestClydeEnglandThames8.The ___B__ invaded England in the earliest time.A. DanesB. IberiansC. RomansD. Celts9.The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from __D.A.NorwayB. DenmarkC. FranceD. both A and B10.Edward was known as the A" because of his reputation for saintliness.]A. ConfessorB. ConquerorC. Protector11.Norman Conquest began in __B___.A.1016B.1066C.103512.In history A__ was nicknamed " King of Lackland ”.A. JohnB. Henry IC. Henry II13.In 1181 Henry II issued the B__ which made it compulsory for every freeman in England to be provided with arms.A. Inquest of SheriffsB. Assize of ArmsC. Doomsday Book14.Henry Plantagenet, in 1154, established the House of Angevin as _B.A. Henry IB. Henry IIC. Henry III15.Henry II appointed in 1162 A Archbishop of Canterbury.A. Thomas BecketB. Stephen LangtonC. Simon de Mortfort16.Charles I was beheaded in _A ________ .A. 1649B.1648C.165317.It was A who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.A. Edward IB. Henry IVC. Simon de Montfort18.The Great Charter contained __C___ sets of provisions.A. twoB. fourC. three19.The Peasants Uprising in 1381 was led by _B _________ .A. Henry TurnerB. Watt TylerC. Richard20.The English Church was strictly __A___.A. nationalB. internationalC. regional21.The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a __A___.A. coup d ' etaB . racial slaughter C. peasant rising22.The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the _A _______ .A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval23.The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) broke out in A and ended in ______ .A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 178424.The Battle of Hastings took place in C.A.1606B.1042C. 106625.The Great Charter was signed by ___C__ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26.In the early 14th century feudalism began to C__ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end27.It was B__ who published the book "The Rights of Man .A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson28.The first Prime Minister was __C___.A. WilmintonB. George GrenvilleC. Robert Walpole29.The Parliament of 1265 which is known as the " A is considered the " beginning ofparliamentA.All Estates ParliamentB. Model ParliamentC. Long Parliament30.The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as _B.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred YearsC. W a sant Uprising31.In the first half of 17th century __B grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism32.Prime Minister A resisted any reform that could be resisted.A. PalmerstonB. Robert PeelC. Gladstone33.By the end of the Hundred Years ' War only（the__（ren）a ined under English rule.A. TroyesB. GasconC. Calais34.In the 14th century took place the B__, the severest of many plagues in the middle ages.A. EarthquakeB. Black DeathC. Drought35.__A___ and his followers, known as Lollards, provided ideological preparation for the labour movement of the 14th century.A. John WycliffeB. Watt TylerC. Somerset36.By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of A began.A. TudorB. LancasterC. Plantagenet37.In the "B_" of 1388 five lords accused the King ' sfriends of treason under a very expansive definition of crime.A. All Estates parliamentB. Merciless ParliamentC. Model Parliament38.In the Wars of the Roses the Lancastrians wire badges of _B rose.A. whiteB. redC. pinkD. yellow39.The first Civil War in Britain lasted from C__ to.A. 1600, 1604B. 1640, 1644C. 1642, 164640.William Shakespeare is mainly a _B ________ .A. novelistB. dramatistC. poet41.In 1689 the " Bill of Rights " A_a_ bassedin England.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster42.The ___A__ carried on trade relations with Russia and central Asian countries.A. Moscow CompanyB. Eastland CompanyC. East India Company43. A started the slave trade in the second part of the 16th century.A. John HawkinsB. Francis DrakeC. Diaz44.In 1534 Parliament passed the B" ,according to which Henry VIII was declared thehead of the English Church.A. the Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Act of Settlement45.Under Elizabeth I __C was restored, and she was declared " governor " of the church.A. the Roman ChurchB. the Catholic ChurchC. the Anglican Church46.In 1337 the hostility between England and A resulted in the Hundred Years ' War.A. FranceB. SpainC. Russia47.The religious persecution mainly existed during the reign of ___B__.A. CromwellB. Charles IC. Henry VIII48.England first became a sea power in the time of _B.A. Henry VIIB. Elizabeth IC. Victoria49.The Industrial Revolution first started in __B.A. the iron industryB. the textile industryC. the coal industry50.From 1688 to 1783 English Parliament was mainly controlled by the party of B__.A. ToryB. WhigC. Labour51.The English Prime Minister during the Second World War was A .A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. Baldwin52.At the End of __B__ century, the East India Company was formed.A. 15thB. 16thC. 14th53.The Seven Years War between England and France lasted from A to.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 176154.In 1689 Parliament passed B" , 'limiting the powers of the crown.A. Habeas Corpus ActB. the Bill of RightsC. Navigation Act55. A contrasted the first successful steam locomotive.A. George StephensonB. Samuel CromptonC. James Hargreaves56.The " Peterloo Massacre " took pCce.inA. BirminghamB. LiverpoolC. Manchester57.Between 1911 and 1914 took place the following strikes except cBcccc.A. railway strikeB. strike of the postmenC. coal strikeD. strike of the transport58.The Victorian Age was over the A began.A. Edwardian AgeB. Georgian AgeC. Elizabethan Age59.The cccBcc government surrendered to the British invaders and was forced to sign the first unequal Treaty of Nanjing in 1842.A. IndianB. QingC. IrishD. Spanish60.The Great Charter was essentially a ccCccc.A. Culture MovementB. colonial documentC. feudal document61.B_ broke out two years after the Hundred Years ' War with France.A. The Bore WarB. The Wars of the RosesC. Queen Annes ' War62.The Reformation was a product of cAcccc.A. the RenaissanceB. the Chartist MovementC. the Hundred Years ' War63.The greatest dramatist of the English Renaissance was A .A. ShakespeareB. MiltonC. ChaucerD. Bacon64.The English Revolution marks the beginning of the _B period of capitalism.A. feudalB. modernC. colonialD. medieval65.By the B_ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.A. Declaratory ActB. Treaty of ParisC. Treaty of Montgomery66.The Chartist Movement began in and reached its height in _C.A. 1845, 1858B. 1828, 1835C. 1839, 184867.In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _C.A. FranceB. IndiaC. ChinaD. America68.__A___ formed a coalition government in 1940.A. Winston ChurchillB. Lloyd GeorgeC. Neville Chamberlain69.By the ___A__ the British dominions became independent states in all but name.A. Statue of WestminsterB. Locarno TreatyC. Disputes Act70.The Fabians Society was founded in 1883, including intellectuals such as ___C__.A.William Shakespeare & Ben JonsonB.Christopher Marlowe & John MiltonC.G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells71.Before WWII A relied on appeasement of the European dictators to reduce tensions that might lead to war.A.Neville Chamberlain A. Stanley Baldwin C. Winston Churchill72.During WWII, Britain, America, France, Soviet Union and other antifascist countries formed aunited international alliance which was called _B ________ .A. Locarno TreatyB. Grand AllianceC. Statute of Westminster73.The first coalition government during WWI was organized when __B was the Prime Minister.A. Lloyd GeorgeB. Herbert AsquithC. Stanley Baldwin74.When Germany invaded __C__ which was neutral, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August, 1914.A. AustriaB. RussiaC. BelgiumD. Poland1.At about 3000 BC, some of the settled in Britain.2.About 122 AD, in order to keep back the Picts and , the __________built Hadrian3.The real Roman conquest began in _________ .4.' s " Paradise Lost " was published in 1667.5.Beowulf, considered the greatest Old English poem, is assigned to Times.6. _____ was considered the first national hero.7.On Christmas Day 1066 Duke _________was crowned in Westminster Abbey.8.In history John was nicknamed King of.9.John signed the document in 1215, which in history was called the Great Charter or.10.In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as Book.11.The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was.12.The Battle of paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.13.The Norman Conquest increased the process of which had begun during the Anglo-SaxonTimes.14.Duke William was known in history as William the _________ .15.Along with the Normans came the language.16.The English parliament originated in the.17.The head of the ______ was Archbishop of _________ .18.The in 1688 was in nature a coup d ' etat.19.The People' s Charter included points such as universal male suffrage.20.The corrupt Qing government surrendered to Britain and was forced to sign the first unequalTreaty of ______ in 1842.21.After the Crimean War _______ was forced not to fortify Sebastopol.22.The third collection of the poll tax in the early part of 1381 became the fuse of rising.23.The Wars of the Roses broke out between the __________ a nd the ________ .24.The Enclosure Movement began in the ________ century.25.By the treaty of in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.26.In Britain launched the Opium War against China.27.The East India Company formed at the end of the 16th century was one of companies.28.After the Reformation the Roman Catholic Church was _, the English Church was strictly.29.Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundred Protestants, for which she was called "” Mary.30." Renaissance s Wall" means "" , i.e. Europe rediscovering its origins in the cultureientf ancGreek and Rome.31.During the Renaissance,the thinkers who worked for freedom and enlightenment were called32.The nature of the Wars of the Roses was awar.33.By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the system.34.In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the was defeated by English ships.35.The greatest English humanist was Sir ________ whose work ________ became a humanistic classic in the world literature.36.English Renaissance began in century.37.The House of was notorious for its absolutist rule.38.During the Civil Wars (1642 - 1648) the supporters of Parliament were called while the supporters of the King Charles I were called.39.In 1653 Cromwell was made for life and started his military dictatorship openly.40.The Seven Years War was ended by the Treaty of.41.The first two parties appeared in England were the _________ a nd the _______ .42.The basic point of the People ' s C rter .is __43.In 1764 James Hargreaves invented the.44.From 1863 to the end of the century Britain had been carrying a foreign policy of.45.The Parliament passed the Act of __ in 1701, excluding James Catholic son from the succession.46.After Charles I was beheaded in 1649 England was declared a.47.In September 1939 Germany invaded, thus Britain and France declared war on Germany.48.The Industrial Revolution started during the last part of the century.49.The steam engine was invented by in 1769.50.Samuel Crompton invented the in 1779.51.Edmund Cartwright invented the in 1785.52.Upon the completion of the by 1850 England became the workshop of the world.53.In 1868 the first Trade Union Congress met in.54.In 1534 Parliament passed the ".55.On the eve of WWI the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and wasformed.56.The First World War was an imperialist war as well as a war because it was not confinedonly to Europe. It lasted years.57.At the, the League of Nations was established and the Treaty of Versailles was signed.58.The of 1926 was Austen chamberlain ief claim to ^amecins foreign secretary.59.On May 7, 1945,surrendered unconditionally.60.It was who led the country during the " miracle of Dunkirk61.When George I began the Houses of Hanover in 1714, the system was established.Explain the Following Terms英美概况自测题(二)英国历史部分答案71-74ABBCCultureMultiple Choice1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of toA. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 18 A. grade B. form 3. Public schools belong to the category of the B. independent C. local4. The pupils who had got the highest marks in the " eleven plus " examination would go to_ school. A. grammar B. technical C. secondary modern5. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from A. 1167, 1284 B. 1234, 1325 C. 1335, 14276. There are over universities in Britain. A. thirty B. forty C. fifty7. The two features of Oxford and Cambridge are the college system and the A. records of attendance B. governing council C. tutorial system8. The universities of St. Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen and Edinburgh are called the four universities.A. independentB. openC. old I. BBBCA ADBDA 11-15 BABBA 16-20 AACBA AAACC CBAAB 31-35BACBA ABBCB 41-45AAABC ABBBB 51-55 ABABA CBABC 61-65BAABB CCAAC 1. II. Iberians Romans 43 A.D John Milton William Lackland Magna Carta Domesday Bede Anglo-Saxon Hastings Alfred feudalism Conqueror Nanjing French Great Council Church Glorious Revolution2. national Thomas Russia Watt TylerLancasterians, Yorkists Bloody rebirth 15th Paris 1840 Chartered international, humanists feudal civil money Invincible ArmadaMore, Utopia 16th Tory, Whig universal suffrage Stuart Roundheads, Cavaliers Lord Protector Paris Spinning Jenny splendid isolation Settlement Commonwealth Poland 18th Revolution Manchester Locarno Treaty Germany James Watt Spinning Mule Supremacy Winston Churchill Power Loom Industrial 英语考研英美概况模拟题（三） Act of 英国文化部分Italy world, 4 cabinetParis Peace Conference2. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe??or para C. streamsschools.A. state andA. oldB. newC. Scottish9. The A.open university offers courses through one of BBC B. new C. middle aged's terevision channels and b 10. Buckingham University is and university which was established in 1973.11.The second centre of the British press is in.A.LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester12.In Britain great majority of children attend schools.A. stateB. independentC. religious13.In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught14.The oldest university in Britain is.A. CambridgeB. EdinburghC. Oxford15.British newspapers possess the following features except.A. freedom of speechB. fast deliveryC.monoplied by one of the five large organizationD.no difficulty for independent newspapers to survive16.The earliest newspaper in Britain is.A. Daily MailB. Daily TelegraphsC. The TimesD. Guardian17.is the oldest Sunday newspaper in Britain.A. Sunday TimesB. The ObserverC. The peopleD. News of the World18.The most humorous magazine is.A. New SocietyB. Private EyeC. PunchD. Spectator19.In the UK there are about dailies and over weeklies.A. 130, 1000B. 200, 800C. 160, 120020.There are national daily newspapers which appear every morning except on Sundays.A. nineB. sevenC. eight21.The Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph support the.A. Liberal PartyB. Labour PartyC. Conservative Party22.The Economist, New Statesman, Spectator are.A. journalsB. daily newspapersC. local papers. CAACA ACBAB23.BBC was founded in and chartered in as an independent public corporation.A. 1922, 1927B. 1292, 1297C. 1822, 182724.The Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd. is a news agency.A. publicB. governmentalC. localD. private25.The BBC is mainly financed by.A.payment from all people who possess TV setsB.the income from advertisementsC.some large corporationsD.British government26.The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is.A.British Broadcasting CorporationB.Independent Broadcasting AuthorityC.Reuters27.Reuters was founded in the year of.A.1518B.1815C.185128.The new headquarters ' building of is at 85 Fleet Street, London.A. BBCB. the Press Association Ltd.C. the Exchange Telegraph Co. Ltd.29.is regarded as the most English of games.A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger30.claims the highest popular attendance in Britain.A. Rugby footballB. Association footballC. Baseball31." pools " provide amusement for millions of people who bet on the results of matches.A. Association footballB. BaseballC. Cricket32.The annual championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famous in the world.A. hockeyB. tennisC. netball33.racing is chiefly a betting sport.A. HorseB. BoatC. Dog34.Hurdle or steeplechaseracing takes up the winter months, leading to its climax in the Grand National Steeplechase at in March.A. LondonB. EdinburghC. Liverpool35.It was who first revolutionized scientific thought in Britain.A. Francis BaconB. Thomas NewcomerC. James Watt36.discovered the circulation of food.A. Francis GlissonB. William HarveyC. George Stephenson37.The Royal Society was founded in in.A. London, 1660B. Liverpool, 1660C. London, 176038.The Royal Society reached the summit of its prestige in 1703, when became its president.A. Robert BoyleB. Issae NewtonC. Francis Bacon39.James Watt was a great engineer and inventor.A. IrishB. ScottishC. English40.developed atomic theory in the 18th century.A. John DaltonB. Francis GlissonC. Robert Boyle41.The minor ' s safety lamp was invented by .A. Francis BaconB. William HarveyC. Humphy Davy42.Charles Robert Darwin Developed the theory of.A. evolutionB. immunologyC. virology43.is considered the father of English poetry.。

英美文化概况试题2.doc

山东经济学院2010-2011学年第1学期期末试题英美文化概况(110126)试卷(2)题号—'二二四五八七八九十总分得分签字注意事项：所有的答案都必须写在答题纸上，答在试卷上一律无效I . Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)1.The first English permanent settlement was founded in Califomia.F2.W hen people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britainsometimes, t3.B y the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready toseparate themselves from Europe. T4.Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T5.Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6.Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T7.W hen George W. Bush became president, his foreign strategy has two prominentelements: isolationism and faith in military strength.8.A merican foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F9.T oday, the United States has two major political parties. One is the DemocraticParty and the other is the Republican Party.10.Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F11.The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancientwarriors, t12.Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidatefor public office. F13.The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from hissubjects. F14.The British host a large American military presence and there are 63 Americanmilitary bases in the UK. T15.Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F16.British universities are public bodies which receive funds from centralgovernment. T17.When the War of Independence was over, the United States was oneunified nation as it is today. F18.One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be accepted by acollege is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests, t19.It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F20.Wales is rich in coal deposits. TII. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21.W hich of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modemdevelopment of Europe? DA.The growth of capitalism.B.The Renaissance.C.The Religious Reformation.D.The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.22.The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A.teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education23.W hich of the following is not involved in making the British foreign policy? AA.The Queen of BritainB.The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC.The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D.The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.24.What did the US mean by containment? AA.It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking out ofits sphere of influence.B.It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reached paritywith the US in nuclear forceC.It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD.It intended to shift the balance of terror25.In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true? CA.Elementary school, grammar school.B.Elementary school, junior high school.C.Elementary school, secondary school.D.Junior high school, senior high school.26.Which of the following is NOT true of London? DA.the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center27.Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare's time? AA.attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football28.Which of the following states refused to participate in the ConstitutionalConvention? BA.VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29.The following were the main Reformation leaders except B.A.Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry VID.30.Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? DA.cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing31.In Britain, __ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, etc.bA.the QueenB.the Prime MinisterC.the Lord President of the CouncilD.the Speaker of the House of Commons32.Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of A.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year's Day33.Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham34.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 B.A.can legally receive partly free education.B.can legally receive completely free education.C.can not receive free education at all.D.can not receive free education if their parents are rich.35.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? AA.It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B.It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C.It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D.It has no written form of Constitution.36.Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed because D.A.there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B.the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C.there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D.the English king did not like the plan.37.In order to go to university in the US, secondary school students must meetthe following requirements except that D.A.they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB.they make good impressions during the interviewsC.they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD.they pass the college entrance examinations38.Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people39.Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct rule" from London? DA.the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B.the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C.the power-sharing policy couldn't be carried out.D.all the above40.Which of the following schools would admit children without reference totheir academic abilities? AA. Comprehensive schoolsB. Secondary schoolsC. Independent schoolsD. Grammar schoolsIII.Tell what you know about the following in your own words.（本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）prehensive schools42.The Bill of Rights43.The making of Britain's foreign policy44.The functions of Parliament45.The strategy of PreemptionIV.Answer one of the following questions.（本大题任选一题，20 分）46.In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?47.How do you understand that Britain has a "special relationship,, with the US?。

英美文化与国家概况课后答案

英美文化与国家概况课后答案英语国家概况（1）（2）问题库答案1. "British history has been a history of invasion". Please illustrate this point with the examples from the text. How did each of the invasions influence English culture ?1. British history has been a history of invasions. Before the first century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people: a powerful culture originating in central Europe. Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman empire, and England and Wales (though not Scotland or Ireland) became a part of the Roman empire for nearly 400 years.Two more groups of invaders were to come after the English: from the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain's shores….2. What are some general characteristics of Scotland ?2. Scotland is the second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. It is also the most confident of its own identity because alone amongst the non-English components of the UK it has previously spent a substantial period of history as a unified state independent of the UK. Thus it is not a big leap for the Scottish to imagine themselves independent again. Physically, Scotland is the most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (The Highlands), and in the south (The Southern Uplands). Three-quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland areas. The largest city is Glasgow, in the west of this zone. Scotland's capital city is Edinburgh, on the east coast forty miles away from Glasgow. It is renowned for its beauty, and dominated by its great castle on a high rock in the centre of the city. Both cities have ancient and internationally respected universities dating from the 15th century.3. Describe Wales' unification with Great Britain.3. Wales was always under pressure from its English neighbours, particularly after the Norman conquest, when Norman barons set up castles and estates in Wales under the authority of the English Crown. Some brief campaigns are the only times in history when Wales has existed as a unified independent nation.4. Are there any differences between England and Wales in terms of cultural tradition ?4.Yes, there are. The close long-standing relationship means that modern Wales lacks some of the outward signs of difference which Scotland possesses—its legal system and its education system are exactly the same as in England. Often official statistics are given for "England and Wales". However, Wales is different, and one of the key markers of that difference is the Welsh language—the old British Celtic tongue which is still in daily use.5. Why is Northern Ireland, according to the author, so significant in the United Kingdom? What is the political problem there?5. Until 1921 the full name of the UK was "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", not only "Northern Ireland", because the whole island of Ireland was politically integrated with Great Britain, and had been since 1801, while Britain's domination of the Irish dated back centuries even before that date. But Irish desires for an independent Irish state were never lost, and one of the key issues in late nineteenth century British politics was a campaign in parliament for what was called "home-rule"—Irish political control of Irish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspendedfor the duration of the war.6. What are some of the factors in Irish and English history that affect the situation in Northern Ireland today?6. Along with the political campaign for home-rule there were groups who followed a more direct method of pursuing Irish independence, engaging in guerilla or terrorist activities against British institutions and the British military forces. During the First World War and immediately after, this activity increased, sometimes brutally suppressed by British forces.7. Different parties and groups in the United Kingdom have different solutions to the political problem in Northern Ireland. Please sum up their different attitudes.7. Margaret Thatcher's government did not give in to this demand for political status and 11 prisoners starved to death. This event revitalised the political campaign of Sinn Fein, the legal political party which supports the IRA's right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which they called the policy of "The Bullet and the Ballot Box".8. Has the author offered a solution to the political problem in Northern Ireland?8. The problem lay in the "commitment to peaceful methods" aspect of the possible talks. Province-wide elections are planned under a complex formula to ensure a wide range of representation on the body which will carry out these talks, in an attempt to give them legitimacy. Without the participation of Sinn Fein and the IRA it is hard to see them succeeding. Northern Ireland is poised on the brink—a new peaceful future, or a return to the violence that has claimed 3150 lives so far.9. What is the oldest institution of government?9. The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (rule by the king).10. What is the name of the charter of liberty and political rights granted by King John in 1215?10. It was a gang of feudal barons and the Church which opposed some of King John's (1199—1216) policies. This opposition was so powerful that the king finally granted them a charter of liberty and political rights, still known by its medieval Latin name of Magna Carta. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king's ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.11. Do you think Elizabethan Drama occupies a significant position in British literature? Who is the most important figure in Elizabethan Drama? What are some of his major works?11. Shakespeare is the most important figure at that time. He excels in each kind. The tragedies include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Among the comedies are The Taming of the Shrew, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, and The Tempest. His history plays, based on English history, include Richard III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Henry V. Julius Caesar and Antony and Cleopatra are tragedies on classical themes.12. What do we call the group of important Parliamentarians?12. The House of Commons.13. Which party forms the government and who becomes Prime Minister?13. The party that wins most votes in general election and the leader of this winning party would become Prime Minister.16. Who can stand for election as an MP?16. Anyone who is eligible vote to can stand as an MP. It is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds (a quite easily obtainable amount in the UK) which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.17. What are the three major parties? Which party is the party that spent most time in power?17. There are three major national parties: The Conservative party and the Labour party are the two biggest, and any general election is really about which of those two is going to govern. But there is a third important party, the Liberal Democrats, who usually receive up to about 20% of the votes: not enough to form a government, but enough to have a big impact on which of the other two parties does so. The Conservative Party spent most time in power19. When was the British economy dominant in the world?19. By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world, producing one third of the world's manufactured goods, half its coal and iron, half its cotton.20. By what time was the UK overtaken by other countries, such as the US and Germany? 20. But even by 1900 this was no longer the case, the UK having been overtaken by both the United States and Germany; and certainly from 1945 until the present, the story of the UK economy is usually thought of as one of decline.21. Which country does it refer to as "the Jewel in the Crown"? When did it gain its independence?21. India, popularly known as "The Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire, gained its independence in 1947.22. What are some of the positive and negative effects of non-white immigrants on British society according to the author?22. This has a number of consequences for British society, mainly positive, though with some indirect negative effects. On the positive side such immigrant groups bring their culture with them, which increases the variety and interest within British culture: for example, the UK, which used to have a bad reputation for food, now has a cuisine as varied as any, with Indian and Chinese restaurants in every community, as well as many other varieties in bigger cities. This variety in restaurant food has resulted in more experimentation at home, so that shops now carry a much wider variety of goods to supply the demand, and there are many TV programmes and books devoted to all kinds of different cooking. The negative side of things lies largely in the attitude of some of their white neighbours.23. What is the general situation of racial relations in the UK?23. While there is a growing ethnic minority middle-class, and many individual success stories, by most measures the immigrant population is worse-off economically speaking than the white population as a whole. Individuals from ethnic minorities are more likely to be unemployed; and they are under-represented in politics too, though there are now a number of black and Asian MPs. But there are also a number of small political parties in the UK with overtly racist policies.24. Why is Geoffrey Chaucer, who wrote in Middle English, still read and studied today? 24. With the Norman Conquest in 1066 Britain entered the Middle Ages (1066—1485), and the language of the royal court became French. So literature of that period was written in French or Latin. But one work from these times often studied today by middle school and college students is The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer (1343—1400). He was the first court poet to write inEnglish.25. When was the term "parliament" first used officially?25. The word "parliament" comes from the verb "to parley", that is, to discuss or talk. The term was first used officially in 1236 to describe the gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money. 26. The author says that "the media are central to British leisure culture", why does the author say so?26. On an average day, 90 per cent of Britons over the age of 15 read a national or local paper. And in the evening, most Britons settle down to watch some television: 96 percent of the population watch TV at least once a week, making it Britain's most popular leisure activity. The third most popular pastime, after watching telly and reading newspapers, is listening to the radio, an activity in which 73 per cent of the population engages in on a weekly basis. It is obvious, then, that the media are central to British leisure culture.27. What are some of the characteristics of British newspaper culture? In what way is it different from the United States?27. British newspaper culture is unusual in the extent to which class and educational differences are reflected in the newspapers people read. In other developed countries like Japan and the United States, newspaper reading is a mainly middle-class habit, but in Britain the "lower classes" are also regular readers.28. Is the British press free from the government control and censorship? What is the relationship between the British press and politics or business?28. While officially speaking the British press is "free" from government control and censorship and can print what it likes, there are limits to what will appear in the daily paper.29. How does the BBC operate? How is it different from American broadcasting systems? 29. The British Broadcasting Corporation - more familiarly known as the BBC or even "the Beeb" - is Britain's main public service broadcaster The BBC is funded by licence fees and viewers must buy a license each year for their TV set.31. What is Modernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples? 31. Modernism in literature can be seen as a reaction against the nineteenth century forms discussed above, which can be thought of as assuming understanding between writer and reader, resulting in the simple communication of an agreed version of the "world". This approach to writing is known as "Realism." Instead, Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works. Often, therefore, Modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand. It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action….32. What is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples?32. Postmodernists can be thought of as abandoning that search. Meaning does not exist outside of the human head, likewise it does not exist inside a book, waiting to be discovered, instead it is made in the process of reading a book, or of making sense of the world….33. How has the Christian church influenced British sports? Please pick up some examples from the text.33. Tennis was invented in Britain and it owes its origins, literally, to the Church. Church recordsindicate that by the mid-fifteenth century, people were making a game of bouncing a ball off the side of their local churches or cathedrals, first using the hand, and later a racquet. This was called "tenys". Such antics sometimes offended the clergy who complained that the dignity and tranquility of the church was shattered by such games, but they also illustrate how central the church was to community life.34. What is the origin of football?34. There are legends that suggest that games like football and rugby actually derived from the "sport" of ancient warriors celebrating victory by kicking around the decapitated head of an enemy. There is a similar grisly tale told about origins of bowling: it is said that in ancient times, Scottish warriors rolled the skulls of their enemies along the grass for sport.35. How is the violence of "football hooligans" related to the British history of football?35. Today, violence is still associated with football. "Football hooligans", supporters of rival teams, sometimes clash before, during and after matches and occasionally run riot through the town, breaking windows and beating each other up. Some football fans paint their faces and sing or chant football songs and it is not too difficult to imagine their warrior-ancestors.36. Why is cricket very English? Why does the author believe that cricket was associated with a set of English moral values?36. As generations of public school boys grew up to become the civil servants and rulers of the UK and its colonies, cricket became associated with a set of moral values, in particular the idea of "fair play" which characterised British government. Sir Ian Bancroft, a high level civil servant in the 1980s, remembered that when he began his career in Whitehall, one day his government minister was so angry that he threw the telephone at him. Sir Ian said he knew exactly how to respond: "having played cricket I was able to catch it and hand it back to him politely."37. Christmas is the biggest and best-loved British holiday? How do the British celebrate this holiday?37. Yes. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.38. How do the British celebrate the Queen's Birthday? What is the origin of this holiday? 38. One of Britain's most impressive and colourful festivals happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "trooping the colour" around Buckingham Palace in London.39. Bonfire Night is one truly English holiday. How and why do the English celebrate this holiday?39. The English do not celebrate their famous writers or battles or patron saints, although they have all these things. However, one truly English holiday is Bonfire Night—sometimes called Guy Fawkes Night—celebrated in the early autumn.40. How do the Protestants and Catholics celebrate their own holidays in Northern Ireland? What traditions are behind their celebrations?40. Another festival which comes from the 17th century battles between Catholics and Protestants is the Protestant celebration of their victory at the Battle of the Boyne (12 July) in 1690. Northern Irish Catholics celebrate the birthday of the patron saint of Ireland, St Patrick, on March 17 each year.41. How is Hogmanay celebrated in Scotland? What other festivals are celebrated inScotland?41. While most British people welcome the coming of the New Year with parties, in Scotland, New Year's Eve called Hogmanay (31 December)—is the major winter celebration, and overshadows Christmas (called Yule in Scotland) which is a very quiet affair. How Hogmanay is celebrated varies throughout Scotland, but one widely practised custom is "first footing". There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Year can bring luck and prosperity: the appearance of a young, preferably dark haired and handsome man, is considered particularly lucky. First footers often bring a bottle of spirits, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat as a gift and are given a "dram of whisky" as their reward.42. Which are the two most important and famous universities in Britain?42. Cambridge University and Oxford University.43. What is the goal of education in the U.K.?43. The goal of British education is to socialize children.44. Is the British education system run by the state or the private sector?44. The British education system run by the state.45. Where do British universities receive their funds besides students tuition?45. In the UK, the amount of funding each university receives is based on its size, the number of students it teaches, and the research it conducts. So far, the UK has only one privately funded university, the University of Buckingham.46. Why does the author say that "the way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society"?46. For individual members of any society the home they live in is of great importance in their lives. The way the living arrangements of a society as a whole are organized tells us something about that society—its standard of living, its social and familial structure, the distribution of wealth in a society—both in terms of geography and social hierarchy—and even something about that society's values and dreams.47. What are the four main types of home in Britain? How do they reflect the cost and status of homes? What are some of the major types of home in China?47. There are, broadly speaking, four main types of home. The first kind are "flats" (or apartments), of varying size, often in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings, though sometimes made by sub-dividing big old houses. Flats are often publicly owned. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. The second kind are "terraced" houses: that is, individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row; the fourth one is “detached.”48. How are people in the UK divided into different classes?48. The British people are divided into classes economically, culturally, educationally and etc.49. Is the class system similar with the United States?49. What is distinctive about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from the American or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a hereditary aristocracy.50. What and how did the British empire end? How did the British react to this reality?50. Two world wars had seriously influenced its empire position. The end of the great British empire was surprisingly rapid. In 1946, Jordan, in the Middle East, was granted independence. The following year, India and Pakistan followed suit. In 1948, Burma and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) were granted independence and left the Commonwealth as well, refusing to recognise the Britishmonarch as the head of their new states. Throughout the next few decades, the process of decolonisation continued as other territories and possessions received their independence or were returned to their rightful rulers.51. What are the foundations of Britain's foreign policy?51. The contemporary foreign policy of the UK is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits. Perhaps the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.52. How is Britain's foreign policy made? Does the government's foreign policy represent the desires of British citizens?52. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain's foreign policy. The main government department involved is of course the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), but many other government ministries also play a part in formulating and executing the government's decisions.53. Why does the author say that the decision to join the EC was and remains controversial in Britain?53. The decision to join the EEC was very controversial; and today, Britain's participation in the European Union, as it is now called, remains controversial. At the centre of the controversy is the fact that it is not clear what the European Union(EU) is and what it will become. The UK has always been very interested in encouraging free trade between countries and is therefore very supportive of the EU as a free trade area.However, the UK has always been less enthusiastic about giving up its national sovereignty (that is, its control over national decision-making) to a European government.54. Why does the author think that Britain has the "special relationship" with the United States? Does this relationship still exist?54. Another major factor which influences British foreign policy is its relationship with the United States. This was quite natural, as the two were closely allied during World War II, and continued to work together closely in the post war years because they shared many of the same worries about the Soviet Union. Even today, in many respects British and American policy-makers agree generally on, for example, how the global economy should be managed, how a warlike state should be dealt with, issues about arms control and so on.55. What are some of the general characteristics of Australia in terms of land, people and culture?55. Australia is the world's smallest continent and largest island, a relatively young nation established in an ancient land. Its development represents a triumph over remoteness and a harsh landscap e…56. Discuss the climate in Australia. What are some of the major differences between Australia and China in terms of the climate?56. Australia is the driest inhabited continent and its rainfall varies extremely geographically and seasonally. Mean annual rainfall is 465mm. Rainfall varies from less than 150mm over the centre of the continent to more than 2m in parts of the tropics and western Tasmania. The average annual surface runoff, about 440km3, represents 12 per cent of total rainfall. Evaporation accounts for most of the rest.57. What are the six states of Australia? What are some of the major similarities or differences in terms of population, early settlement and economy in the six states?57. Australia has six states: New South Wales (NSW), Victoria, Queensland, South Australia (SA), Western Australia (WA) and Tasmania. It also has three internal territories-the Northern Territory (NT), the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and the Jervis Bay Territory-and seven external territories.58. Can you point out some main differences between the Australian government system and the British government system?58. Broadly, the Australian federation has a three-tier system of government: the Australian Parliament (the legislature) and Government, responsible for all matters of national interest; six state governments and their legislatures, complementing the activities of the national government (plus the Australian Capital territory and the Northern Territory, which are similar to the states and largely self-governing); and about 900 local government bodies at the city, town, municipal and shire level.59. Discuss the Australian education system. What are some of the features in the system that are specifically Australian?59. Each state and territory of Australia has its own primary and secondary education system. Standards, however, are high and reasonably uniform. Within each state and territory system there are two main types of school-government and nongovernment schools. In government schools, attended by about two thirds of children, tuition is free. About three-quarters of the non-government schools are Catholic. Most non-government schools charge fees.60. What are some of the distinct features of New Zealand's geography? Find out similarities and differences in terms of geography between New Zealand and Australia.60. Situated in the southwest Pacific Ocean, New Zealand is a large, long group of islands, 1600 kilometres from north to south. There are two main landmasses, the North Island and the South Island, separated by Cook Strait. The third largest island, Stewart Island, is south of the South Island, and there are many smaller islands, including uninhabited isolated islands hundreds of kilometres offshore. Its nearest large neighbour-Australia—is almost 2 000 km away.61. What are some of the similarities between New Zealand and Britain in the government system?61. New Zealand's constitution is made up of parliamentary statutes (laws), judicial rulings (court decisions) and administrative practices. New Zealand has no written constitution. The Constitution Act 1986 defines the relationship between the legislative (Parliament), executive (Government departments and agencies) and judicial (the courts) roles of government.New Zealand is an independent state, governed by a democratically elected parliament. The Head of State is the British monarch Queen Elizabeth II in her capacity as Queen of New Zealand, represented by a Governor-General. The Governor-General's agreement is required for an Act of Parliament to become law.62. How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?62. With the fast development of commerce and trade, the bourgeoisie became increasingly powerful in politics as well as in economy. They wanted to share power with feudal lords and in some countries such as England they wanted to have more power from the king so that they could have free development. The English Revolution was the result of this growth of capitalism.63. What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?。

《英美概况》试题(附答案)

《英美概况》I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northem Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies,6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A.Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestB. C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. EgbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war sta rted in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, ArgencourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A.30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorB. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in theNorth America.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A.the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionB. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.A. the lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England/Netherland48. Uncle To m’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable lifeof the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. Theyare knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and_____ conditions.A. economy/politicalB. social/politicalC. economy/socialD. political/cultural59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.A. GermanyB. Austro-HungaryC. OttomanD. Russia60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”　A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy答案I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18.D 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35.A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D 41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A 51.B 52.B 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. D 58.C 59.D 60. D 61. C 62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. D 67. B 68. C 69.C 70.D 71. B 72. B 73. B 74. D 75. DII. Fill in the blanks:1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _______, while the east and south-eastare mostly______.2. Welsh is located in the ______ of Great Britain.3. The ancestors of the English ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Among them,the _____ gave their name to English people.5. The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.6. Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.7. The property record in William’s time is known as ______, which was compiled in _____.8. _____’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.9. ______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to______ million by the end of the 14th century.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of ______farmers.11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported_______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.14. In 1707, the Act of _______ united England and ______.15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and _______. The former werethe forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that could be applied to textileand other machinery.f the world.17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “______” o18. During the Second World War ________ led Britain to final victory in 1945.19. In 1974 and 1977, the two ______ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under _______.21. _______ has Europe’s largest collection of foreign owned chip factories.22. New industries in Britain include______, ______ and other high-tech industries.23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official ______, with its ownleader and “______ cabinet”.24. The Prime Minister is appointed by ______, and his/her official residence is _____.25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _____ and ______.26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the _____ of the accused until he has been proved guiltybeyond reasonable doubt.27. The jury usually consists of _______ persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and _____persons in Scotland.28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is _______.29. In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to _____, national insurance and ______.30. The two established churches in Britain are ____ and _____.31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of (______ in Northen Ireland) and_____.32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as _______, which was replaced by ______.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the _____ and _____centuries.35. In ____, Alaska and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states.36. In the Great Lakes, only _____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared withGanada.37. _______ is separated from the main land by Canada.38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _____.39. _____ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S.40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and _____.41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the ______ and ________ industry.42. New England is sometimes called the ______ of America.43. _______ is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in fivemoves to a new home every year.44. The first blacks were brought to north America as slaves in _____.45. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the ______.II. Fill in the blanks:1. highlands, lowlands2. west3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles5. Hastings6. feudal7. Domesday Book, 10868. Thomas Becket9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, L ord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, districtcouncils 26. innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service,social security 30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32.eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 35. 1959 36. Lake Michigan 37. Alaska 38. the ContinentalDivide 39. Texas 40. the Intermountain Basin and Plateau 41. rocket/missile 42. birthplace43. Mobility 44. 1619 45. Chinese-AmericansIII. Explain the following terms.1. the Hardian’s Wall: I t was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out ofthe area they had conquered.2. Alfred the Great Alfred was a strong king of the wisemen. It was created by the Anglo-Saxons toadvise the king. It’s the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.3. William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 anddefeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christams Day the same year. Heestablished a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.4. the battle of Hastings In 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king.William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting.After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.5. Domesday Book Under William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials tocompile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of ageneral survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on JudgementDay.6. the Great Charter King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he wasforced to sign a document, known as Mangna Cara, or the Great Charter. It has 63 clauses. Thoughit has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberities, its spirit was the limitation of theking’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.7. the Hundred Years’ War It referred to the intermittent war between France and England that lastfrom 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimedthe French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English weresuccessful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. Theexpelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.War. She8. Joan of Arc She was a national heroine of France during the Hundred Years’　successfully led the French to drive the English out of France.9. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killedbetween half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended andlabour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.10. the Wars of Roses They referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House ofYork between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the whiteone. After the wars, feudalism received its death blow and the king’s power became supreme. Thdor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.daughter and a devout Catholic. When she became Queen, she11. Bloody Mary Henry VIII’ｓpersecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”. Mary is als remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.12. Elizabeth I One of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales andIreland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism andof great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.13. Oliver Cromwell The leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the kingand condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord ofProtector. He ruled England till the restoration of charles II in 1660.14. the Bill of Rights In 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly.The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed the principle of parliamentarysupremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses. Thus the age of constitutionalmonarchy began.15. Whigs and Tories It referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the rightto religious freedom for Noncomformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchyand were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and becamethe Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.16. James Watt The Scottish inventor who produced an efficient steam engine with rotary motionthat could be applied to textile and other machinery.17. Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Britain during the Second World War. He took over Chamberlain in 1940 and received massive popular support. He led his country to final victory in1945. He was defeated in the general election of 1945, but returned to power in 1951.ed like an18. Agribusiness It refers to the new farming in Britain, because it’s equipped and managindustrial business with a set of inputs into the farm of processes which occur on the farm, andoutputs or products which leave the farm. The emphasis is upon intensive farming, designes to givethe maximum output of crops and animals.19. the British Constitution There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom. The BritishConstitution is not set out in any single document, but made up of statute law, common law andconventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interpret statues.20. Queen Elizabeth II The present Sovereign, born in 1926, came to the throne in 1952 and wascrowned in 1953. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation, the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.21. the Opposition In the General Election, the party which wins the second largest number of seatsbecomes the offcial Opposition, with its own leader and “shadow cabinet”. The aims of the Oppositio are to contribute to the formulation of policy and legislation, to oppose government proposals, toseek amendments to government bills, and to put forward its own policies in order to win the nextgeneral election.22. the Privy Council Formerly the chief source of executive power. It gave the Sovereign privateadvice on the gov ernment of the country. Today its role is mainly formal, advising the (“privy”)Sovereign to approve certain government decrees and issuing royal proclamation. Its membership isabout 400.23. common law A written law gathered from numerous decisions of the courts and other sources.24. the jury A legal system established in England since king Henry II. The jury consists of ordinary,independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland,and 15 persons in Scotland. In criminal trials by jury, the judge passes sentence but the jury decidethe issue of guilt or innocence.25. the NHS The National Health Service was established in the UK in 1948 and based first on Actsof Parliament. This Service provides for every resident a full range of medical services. It is basedupon the principle that there should be full range of publicly provided services designed to help theindividual stay healthy. It is now a largely free service.26. comprehensive schools State secondary schools which take pupils without reference to abilityand provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district. About 90per cent of the state secondary school population in GB attend comprehensive school.27. public schools Fee-paying secondary schools which are longestablished and have gained a reputation for their high academic standards, as well as their exclusiveness and snobbery. The boysfamous schools public schools include such well-known schools as Eton and Harrow, and girls’　include Roedean. Most of the members of the British Establishment were educated at a public school.28. the Great Lakes The Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They areLake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan —— the only one entirely in the U.S. ——Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.29. New England New England is made up of six states of the North-East. They are Maine, NewHampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. It is sometimes called the birthplace of America.30. baby boom “baby boom” refers to the great increase of birth rate between 1946 and 1964. Peopleborn in this period are called baby bammers.31. the Chinese Exclusion Act It was passed by the U.S. Congress in may, 1882. It stopped Chinese immigration for ten years.32. the Bill of Rights In 1789, James Madison introduced in the House of Representations a seriesof amendments which later were drafted into twelve proposed amendments and sent to the states forratification. Ten of them were ratified in 1791 and became the first ten amendments to the Constitution —— the Bill of Rights.33. the Emancipation Proclamation During the Civil war, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.34. the Constitutional Convention In 1787, a conference was held in Philadelphia to consider whatshould be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. All the delegates agreed to revise theArticles of Confederation and draw up a new plan of government. After struggle, the Constitution wasratified at last. This conference is called the Constitutional Convertion.35. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding governmentregulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbersof people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.36. the Peace Conference The Peace Conference or the Paris Conference, began on January 18,1919. The conference was actually a conference of division of colonies of Germany, Austro-Hungaryand the Ottoman Empire and the grabbing of as much as possible from the defeated nations. It wasdominated by the Big Four (the United States, Britain. France, and Italy)37. the Truman Doctrine: On March 12, 1949, President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrinein a speech to the joint session of Congress. The Truman Doctrine meant to say that the U.S. government would support any country which said it was fighting against Communism.38. the Marshall Plan On June 5, 1947, the Secretary of State George Marshall announced theMarshall Plan, which meant that in order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion,the United States decided to offer Western European countries economic aid.39. the New Frontier It was the President Kennedy’s program which promised civil rights for blacks, federal aid to farmers and to education, medical care for all and the abolition of poverty.40. checks and balances:The government is divided into three branches, the legislative, the executive and the judicial, eachhas part of the powers but not all the power. And each branch of government can check, or block, theactions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This called “checks and balances”．IV. Answer briefly the following questions.1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain? —— In 55 BC and 54 BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britainsuccessfully. For nearly 400 years Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never atotal occupation. British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion.2. Why did the William the Conqueror invade England after Edward’s death?—— It was said that king Edward had promised the English throne to William but the Witan chose Harold as king. SoWilliam led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings,William defeated Harold and killed him. On Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England,thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.3. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest?——The Norman Conquest of 1066 isone of the best known events in English history. It brought about many consequences. William confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rulewith a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England.Relations with the Continent were opened, and civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture were been introduced. The churchwas brought into closer connection with Rome, and the church courts were separated from the civilcourts.4. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter?—— The Great Charter, orthe Magna Carta, was document signed in 1215 between the barons and king John. It had altogether63 clauses, of which the most important contents were these: (1) no tax should be made without theapproval of the Grand Council; (2) no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of hisproperty except by the law of the land; (3) the church should possess all its rights and privileges; (4)London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges; (5) there should be thesame weights and measures throughout the country. The Great Charter was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of theChurch and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitationof the powers of the king, but it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberties.5. What do you know about the English Renaissance?——Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. It began in Italy in the early 14th centuryand spread to England in the late 15th century. The English Renaissance had 5 characteristics: (1)English culture was revitalized not so much directly by the classics as by contemporary Europeansunder the influence of the classics; (2) England as an insular country followed a course of social andpolitical history which was to a great extent independent of the course of history else where in Europe; (3) Owning to the great genius of the 14th century poet chaucer, the native literature wasvigorous enough and experienced in assimilating foreign influences without being subjected by them;。

英美社会与文化试题参考答案（仅供参考）

1.what are the general features of Britain`s independent schools？An independent school in the United Kingdom is a school relying upon private sources for all of its funding, predominantly in the form of school fees. In England and Wales the term public school is often used to refer to what is normally called in other countries a "private" school, a term which originally referred to those schools named in the Public Schools Act 1868. These schools themselves tend to prefer the term "independent school".2.why is the United States regarded as a "melting pot" and a "salad"？The melting pot is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" into a harmonious whole with a common culture. It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States; the melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s.After 1970 the desirability of assimilation and the melting pot model was challenged by proponents of multiculturalism, who assert that cultural differences within society are valuable and should be preserved, proposing the alternative metaphor of the salad bowl –different cultures mix, but remain distinct.3.why did America change its policy and enter world war two?Because the Great Depression lead a worldwide warfare crisis . But in the face of the Warfare crisis，the thinking of isolationism and anthropocentrism filled the society of America,most of American pay no attention on the war of other countries. It was until March of 1941 when the warfare fo west Europe is become incandescent the Capitol Hill adopt the Act of Lease. This marked US was no longer neutral state but a member of Allies. Than the Pearl Harbor incident finally made the United States enter The World War II on the side of the Allies.4.what were Nixon's well-known contributions during his presidency?Nixon is noted for his diplomatic foreign policy, especially with the Soviet Union and China, and his efforts to end the Vietnam War. He is also noted for his middle-of-the-road domestic policy that combined conservative rhetoric and, in many cases, liberal action, as in his environmental policy.As president, Nixon imposed wage and price controls, indexed Social Security for inflation, and created Supplemental Security Income. The number of pages added to the Federal Register each year doubled under Nixon. He advocated gun control, reduced speed limits, and eradicated the last remnants of the gold standard. Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration and implemented the Philadelphia Plan, the first significant federal affirmative action program.5.what was the cause of the American civil war?1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South.2. States versus federal rights3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents.4. Growth of the Abolition Movement.5. The election of Abraham Lincoln.6.what are the two characteristics of the U.S construction?the Statue of Liberty The Capitol7.what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively? Senator:1) each senator must be at least 30 years old, 2) must have been a citizen of the United States for at least the past nine years, and 3) must be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant ofthe state he or she seeks to represent.Each representative must: (1) be at least twenty-five years old; (2) have been a citizen of the United States for the past seven years; and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent.8.what are the Major powers of the supreme court?The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States, and leads the federal judiciary. It consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed with the "advice and consent" of the Senate. Justices serve "during good Behaviour," which terminates at death, resignation, retirement, or conviction on impeachment. The Court meets in Washington, D.C. in the United States Supreme Court building. The Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court, but has original jurisdiction in a small number of cases.9.how does an American university choose its applicants?It will through some aspects：transcript，academic performance，extra-curricular achievements，personnel，inherence，artistic skills10.what are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a traditional North American holiday, which is a form of harvest festival. The date and whereabouts of the first Thanksgiving celebration is a topic of modest contention, though the earliest attested Thanksgiving celebration was on September 8, 1565 in what is now Saint Augustine, Florida. Despite any scholarly research to the contrary, however, the traditional "first Thanksgiving" presented by Chief Massasoit is venerated as having occurred at the site of Plymouth Plantation, in 1621.11.what is the essence of American puritanism?1，puritanism is a strict religious doctrine.2, puritanism also has practical aspects. Puritans have to work hard, and prepare for the obstacles they will meet in their life.American puritanism contains origional sin, predestination,total depravity，limited atonement of God's grace12.what is the lost generation?The Lost Generation is a term used to refer to a collective group of artists and writers who settled in Europe in the wake of the First World War. Members of the Lost Generation lived in Europe in the 1920s and early 1930s, and they had a profound impact on society and the arts. This generation is referred to as “lost” not because it has faded from memory, but because the individuals in the Lost Generation often expressed a sense of emotional confusion, feeling lost in their own society.13.what are the characteristics of American writing during the romantic period? reaction against logic and reason; antiscientific in its bent; faith in something inherently good and transcendent in the human spirit in no need of salvation, but rather in need of awakening..."In this romantic period, writers put more emphasis on moral enthusiasm, and their masterpieces were full of passion, emotion, fancy and imagination. They also had a faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, they displayed personalities, express feelings and ideas, emphasize men’s rights for freedom and happiness.For their part human nature is of good will. Men can learn the world through their own ability, conscience and intuition. The romantic showed a deep admiration and love for nature. Theypraised America’s landscape of its primitive forests, meadows, vast plains, seas and blue oceans. The beauty and perfection of nature could enable them to have unutterable joy and exuberance. And nature was regarded as a source of goodness while man’s societies a source of corruption. Writers like Freneau, Cooper and Bryant took a great interest in external nature in their respective works.14.state the background for the American civil rights movement.The Civil Rights Movement in the United States has been a long, primarily nonviolent struggle to bring full civil rights and equality under the law to primarily African American citizens of United States. There have been many movements on behalf of other groups in the U.S. over time, but the term is often used to refer to the struggles between 1955 and 1968 to end discrimination against African-Americans and to end racial segregation, especially in the U.S. South. See African American for information on how various terms have been used at that time period for African Americans.15.make comments on women's liberation movement.The changes women worked for included changes in economic practices, such as not only asking equal work, but also equal opportunity for jobs in fields such as science and technology, management and politics.They wanted changes in social practices and attitudes which would acknowledge that women were not inferior to men in intelligence or abilityLegal segregation ended in the South as a result of the civil rights movement.The women's movement continues to gain more rights and opportunities for women.The social movements of the 1960s had a strong effect on the way people think and caused changes in many laws.16.what is the lvy league?name at least 4 of its members.The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The term is most commonly used to refer to those eight schools considered as a group. The term also has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a reputation for social elitism.Brown UniversityHarvard UniversityYale UniversityColumbia University。

英美概况试题答案

英美概况模拟试题（一）一．1~5 abbdb 6~10 bdddc 11~15 aabdc 16~20aadcb二．1~5 FFFTF 6~10 TFTFF 11~15 TFFFT 16~20TFFFT三．1．On October 24, 1929, the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.2. The Industrial Revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequences in socialand economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile industry.3. Since the United States is a nation of many ethnic groups, it is also known as a “melting pot,”meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread byrat fleas. It spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a result of the plague, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of American government and the supremelaw of the land. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism and introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.四．1. The Second War between America and England was during 1812~1814.2. The two major political parties in Britain are Conservative Party and Labor Party.3. Britain enjoys maritime climate.4. Richard Nixon was involved in Watergate Scandal.5. The most important river in Britain is Thames River.五． In 1066 the army of Willia m, Duke of Normandy, defeated King Harold’s troops. He was crowned King of England. He then built a string of defense castle ensure his military control of the whole country. This is the Norman Conquest in British history. After the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established, England.Relations with the Continent were opened. The civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture ere introduced.英美概况模拟试题（二）一．1~5dbaca 6~10 cccdb 11~15 dbbca 16~20daccb二．1~5 FTTFF 6~10 TTTFF 11~15 FFTTT 16~20 FTTFT三．1． It refers to a series of measures taken by Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 to prevent the possible collapse of the American economic and political system.2． It was a movement of revolt in the 1960s against the moral values, the aesthetic standards, the personal behavior. and the social relations of conventional society.3． Each of the three branches of the government——the legislative, the executive and the judicial——has part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”.4． A constitutional monarchy is a county in which head of the state is a king or a queen. In practice, the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule. In English history, constitutional monarchy was established after Glorious Revolution in 1688.5． On September 22, 1862 during American Civil War, Lincoln issued the famous document Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective on January 1, 1863. it provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the Union.四．1. The longest river in Britain is Severn river.2. The War of the Roses went on for 30 years.3. American Civil War began in 1861.4. The mainstream Americans are called WASPs.5. American Congress consists of Senate and House of Representatives.五．Some historians say that the world entered Cold War immediately after the Second World War ended. The conflicts arose basically from the separate concepts of postwar world order. The United States, relying on its large economic and military strength, tried to play the role of world police under the pretext of fighting against the Soviet expansion. The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism, represented by the United States and Britain. Cold War was characterized by international tension and con flicts without bloody “hot war” between the Soviet Union and the United States. Cold War did not end until after the collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989.英语国家概况参考答案I. 1C 2B3B4D5A6B7C8D9D10B11A12B13A14B15B16D17B18D19C20A21B22D23A24C25AII. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. TIII. 1. the feudal system 2. John Bunyon, John Milton 3. Teheran; Yalta; Potsdam 4. strong 5. industry; agriculture6. contributions national insurance, taxation7. formulate; supply8. abundant; raw9. one, one third 10. Northern Ireland 11. Northern Territory 12. School of the air 13. land; buy 14. macreconomic, microeconomic15. the Canadian Pacific Railway16. Parliamentary 17. Ben Nevis; 1,3000 18. England 19. Captain James Cook 20. the Great Depression 21. registration; wheels 22. Britain; Italy 23. trappers 24. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake25. the Opposition, Shadow cabinet 26. the ministers 27. Hundred, ambitious 28. Cavaliers, Roundheads 29. House of Assembly 30. Acts; decisions 31. jobs, warsIV. 1. ThatcherismThe election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state - owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.2. diversity of American educationDiversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. This can be seen not only in type, size and control of the institutions, but educational policies and practices. As is stated by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, education is a function of the state, not the federal govemment. As each state has the freedom to develop its own school system and delegates its power over education to local districts, many variations can be found in the education system of the 50 states.3. the Canadian ShieldThe Canadian Shield is a semicircular band of rocky highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories. It is a region of rounded hills, and tens of thousands of lakes and swamps.4. Australia's service industriesService industries are also called "tertiary industy". This sector now includes an additional "quaternary" level, which covers the research, processing and storage of information. Australia's service sector is the fastestgrowing one. It has been growing in importance, due to higher living standards and greater demand for more and better transport and housing, and the expansion by government of educational, health and welfare services.5. the New DealIn order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy.V. 1. Look at a physical map of the United States and find out and name the main monition ranges, riversand lakes in the United States.There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. There are many important rivers in the United States. The Mississippi River and its two branches, the Missouri River and the Ohio River, flow south to the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado River and the Columbia River. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States. Other well known rivers include the Hudson River which meets the Atlantic Ocean at New Yurk and the Potomac boarding the national capital of Washington. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canada and the United States except Lade Michigan.2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today?How many members are there in the House of Commons?To hold general elections, Britain is divided into 651 constituencies, each of which returns one member to the House of Commons. There are 651 members in the House of Commnos.3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines?White settlement in 1788 proved disastrous for the Aborigines. (1) Aboriginal culture and society were totally disrupted because of a total conflict of cultures. (2) The loss o land to white people led to the breakdown of their tribal life because Aboriginal culture was based on the land. (3) After losing their land, Aborigines became dependent on white handouts. They copied the European habit of drinking alcohol, which destroyed large numbers of Aborigines. (4) The whites also brought many diseases which the Aborigines had no resistance to. (5) All these, combined with the violence between Europeans and Aborigines resulted in the drastically reduction in Aboriginal population. The Aborigines have always been in unfavorable position ever since 1788. The Aborigines still face legal, political, economic and social discrimination today.4. Sinn FeinSinn Fein was the Irish guerrilla movement that wrested independence from the British in 1921. It spit in 1921 over the Anglo - Irish Treaty and became two parties, Fianna Fail and Fine Gael, which remains to be the two major political parties in Ireland today.VI. 1. Tell briefly the history of the two - party system in the United States. What are the characteristics of the two major parties in the United States today?There nave been four periods in the history of the two - party system in the United States.(1) During the Ratification period, the first two major parties appeared. They were the Federalists and the Anti - Federalists. After the adoption of the Bill of Rights, the Anti - Federalists began to call themselves Democratic - Republicans. The Federalists gradually disintegrated. (2) After the 1828 election of Andrew Jackson, the Democratic - Republican Party split. The main faction led by Jackson was called the Whig Party which formed in 1834. As the struggle over slavery intensified, the majority of the Whig Party, part of the democrats, and other anti - slavery elements formed the Republican Party in 1854. (3) From 1860s to 1920s, the Republican Party dominated the political scene. (4) From the time of President Franklin Roosevelt to the 1980s, the Democratic Party was dominant, with short interruptions. Traditionally, the Democrats support government intervention in the economy and a strong social security system. While the Republicans stress the role of the market more and oppose large government social security programs. But the two parties are not really very different. They both believe in individualism, defend capitalism and uphold private ownership of means of production. Their organizations are both very loose. But they are both very significant in political life.答案：解答 A Beowulf是Anglo-Saxon时代留下的重要的古英语文学作品，它被认为是英国的民族史诗。

英国文化概况试题及答案

英国文化概况试题及答案（参考课堂讲解的内容及课件）一章 Land and People 考题I. Different Names for Britain and its Parts:1. The British Isles are made up of?________A. two large islands and hundreds of small onesB. two large islands and Northern IrelandC. three large islands and hundreds of small onesD. three large islands and Northern Ireland2. There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain. They are_______A. Britain, Scotland and WalesB. England, Scotland and WalesC. Britain, Scotland and IrelandD. England, Scotland and Ireland3. The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries______A. that have a large number of British immigrantsB. that fought on the side of Britain in the two world warsC. that speak English as their native languageD. that were once colonies of Britain4 About a hundred years ago, as a result of imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and ______of the world’s land area.A. one thirdB. one fifthC. one fourthD. two fifths答案：Key: 1.A 2.B 3.D 4.CChapter 1 land and people1.What are the differences between Britain and the British Isles, Great Britain, England, the United Kingdom and the British Commonwealth?The British Isles, Great Britain and England are geographical names, no the official names of the country, while the official name is the United Kingdom, but the full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The British Commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.2. Describe the geographical position of Britain?Britain is an island country. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.3.Whereabouts in Great Britain are mostly highland and lowland?The north and west of Britain are mainly highland, while the south and south-east are mostly lowlands.4. Does Britain have a favorable climate? Why?Yes, it has a favorable climate, because it has a maritime type of climate---winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. It has a small range of temperature, too. 5. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain? Which part of Britain has the most rainfall and which part is the driest?The factors which influence the climate in Britain are the following three:1) The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences;2) The prevailing south-west winds bring warm and wet air in winter and keep the temperatures moderate;3) The North Atlantic Drift, a warm current, passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.The northwestern part has the most rainfall, while the south-eastern corner is the driest.6. Describe the distribution of Britain’s population.Britain has a population of 57 million. It is densely populated, with an average of 237people per square kilometer. It is also very unevenly distributed, with 90%of the population in urban areas, 10% in rural areas. Geographically, most British people live in England. Of the total of 57 million people, 47 million live in England;14 million live in London and Southeastern England.7. What are the three natural zones in Scotland?The three natural zones in Scotland are: the Highlands in the north, the central Lowlands, and the southern Uplands.8. What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots, Welsh and Irish?The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and rash are Celts.9. What are the differences in character and speech between southern England and northern England? How do the Welsh keep their language and culture alive?The Welsh are emotional and cheerful people. The Scots are hospitable, generous and friendly. Irish are known for their charm and vivacity as well as for the beauty of their Irish girls. Throughout the year they have festivals of song and dance and poetry called Eisteddfodau. On these occasions competitions are held in Welsh poetry, music, singing and art and in this way they keep the Welsh language and Welsh culture alive.10. What is the main problem in Northern Ireland?Hundreds of years ago Scots and English Protestants were sent to live in Northern Ireland. Since then there has been bitter fighting between the Protestants and the Roman Catholics. The former are the dominant group, while the latter are seeking more social, political and economic opportunities. The British Government and the government of Ireland are now working together to bring peace to Northern Ireland.第二章Origins of the NationArrival and settlement of the CeltsBasis of modern English race: the Anglo-SaxonsThe Viking and Danish invasionsKing Alfred and his contributionsThe Norman Conquest and its consequences1 The earliest invasion of England is that by _____.A. the IberianB. the DanesC. the CeltsD. the Anglo—Saxons2 the Celts religion was _____.A. ChristianityB. DruidismC. Norman beliefD. Roman Catholic3 the Anglo—Saxons brought _____ religion to Britain.A. ChristianB. DruidC. Roman CatholicD. Teutonic4 The Anglo—Saxons established _____ system, whereby the lord of the manor collected taxes and organized the local army.A. salveB. feudalC. manorial（采邑制度）D. Capitalistic5. The Anglo—Saxons created the _____ to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council.A. SynodB. Witan（议会）C. Whit byD. Shirt court6. ______ was known as “the father of the British navy”.A. EdwardB. BalfeC. CanuteD. Harold I7. Christmas Day _____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C.1006D. 10608. The Celts may originally have come from eastern and central Europe, now _____.A. France, Belgium and SpainB.France, Spain and southern ItalyC. France, Belgium and southern GermanyD. France, Spain and southern Germany9. By the middle of the ninth century, _____ posed a threat to the Saxon kingdom of Essex.A. the Vikings and the DanesB. the Vikings and the JutesC. the Jutes and the Danes D .the Danes and theVikings (是不是和A一样呀？)10. The battle of Hastings witnessed the death of ____ in October, 1066.A. EdwardB. TestingC. HaroldD. Harridan11. In 597, ____ was the first Archbishop of Canterbury.A. AgricolaB. ConstantineC. St. AugustineD. Gregory I12. The Saxons were originally from _____.A. northern HollandB.northern GermanyC. south NorwayD. south Germany13. The Celts began to arrive about ____BC and kept coming until the arrival of the Roman.A.400B. 500C.600D.70014．The Celts came to Britain in ______main waves.A two Bothered C four D five15. _____laid the foundations of English state.A CeltsB the Anglo-SaxonsC the RomansD the Normans16. Alfred the Great was the King of ______.A SussexB EssexC EssexD Mercia17. On the Christmas Day of 1066, ________was crowned king of England.A. Edward B Harold C Edgar D William18. When Edward, the Confessor died, the Witan chose ______as English King.A Duke WilliamB EdithC HaroldD Testing19. Of the following four kings, ______ died most tragically.A King EdwardB King EgbertC King HaroldD King Alfred20. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near _______.A LondonB NormandyC StanfordD Hastings21. From which of the following languages was the suffix-caster or-orchestra in English place names borrowed?A DanishB WelshC LatinD German22. The Witan, the basis of the Privy Council was created by_______.A the CeltsB the Anglo—SaxonsC the NormansD the Romans答案：选择 1c. 2B. 3D. 4C. 5B 6B. 7B 8 C 9 A 10 C 11 C 12 B 13D 14B 15B 16C 17D 18C 19C 20D 21C 22B简答1 How did the Celts invade Britain?The Celts invaded Britain in three waves: the Gaels, the Brythons and the Belgae.2 How did the Anglo—Saxons invade England?The Anglo—Saxons invaded into Britain in three waves: Jutes, Saxon and Anglos.3 Who began to invade England from the end of the 8th century?By the end of the 8th century, the Norwegian Vikings and the Danes Denmark began to invade England.4 What is the significance of the Norman Conquest?The Norman Conquest ended the English history of being invaded.5 Who formally brought Christianity to Britain? And when?Christianity was brought to Britain by St.Augustine in 597.名词解释1. HeptarchI t is a collective name for the seven Anglo—Saxon kingdoms from the 7th century to the 9th century. They are Kent, Essex, Sussex, Essex, East Anglia, Mercia and North Umbria. After the 9th century, the seven kingdoms were conquered one after another by the invading Danes.2. Alfred the GreatHe was king of Essex, one of the seven Anglo—Saxon kingdoms. It was he who led the Anglo—Saxons to fight against the invading Danes and maintained peace for a long time. Alfred was not only a brave king at wartime, but also a wise king at peacetime. He encouraged education and introduced a legal system. He is known as “the father of the British navy.”3. William the conquerorHe was also known as William, Duke of Normandy In 1066, he led the Normans to cross the English Channel and conquered England .He became William the First. His reign marked the beginning of the full feudal system in England.第三章 Shaping of the Nation（练习题一）1. Under William's rule, the---- were at the bottom of the feudal system.A. baronsB. freemenC. villainsD. lawyers2. William replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxon king, with----A. the Grand CouncilB. the House of LordsC. the House of CorranonsD. Parliament3. William II was known as William----- because of his red complexion.A. RufusB. the ConquerorC. the ConfessorD. the Unready4. Henry II was the first king of the ----dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet5. In Henry II ' s reign, a----- law was gradually established in place of the customs of the manor.A. localB. privateC. civilD. common6. The Great Council of Henry II drew up the Constitutions of--- in 1164 to increase the jurisdiction of the civil courts.A. LabourersB. ClarendonC. OxfordD. Cambridge7. The Great Charter was signed in and had---- clauses.A.1251, 63B.1251, 73C.1215, 63D.1215, 738. In 1265---- summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. HenryB.the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort9. The Hundred Years' war started in---- and was ended in , in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of--- ,A .1337 , 1453, FlandersB .1337 , 1453, CalaisC.1346, 1453, ArgencourtD.1346, 1453, Brest10. In 1351, the English government issued a Statute of--- , which made it a crime for peasants to ask for more wages .A. OxfordB. ClarendonC. LabourersD. Magna CartaII Fill in the blanks1. Under William, the------ system in England was completely established.2. william replaced the---- , the council of the Anglo-Saxon kings, with the--- of his new tenants-in-chief.3. The property record in William's time is known as---- , which was compiled in4. ------was the first king of the House of Plantagenet.5. In Henry II ' s day, the country was divided into---- circuits, and the---- system replaced old----- ordeals by fire and water and old trials by battle.6. ----' s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer' s time after he was murdered.7. In 1215, the baron’s charter, known as---- or----- was approved, which contained---- clauses.8. In the Hundred Years' war, the French heroine ------- led the French to drive the English out of their country. By 1453, was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.9. ---- was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England'spopulation from four million to----- million by the end of the 14thcentury.10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of--- farmers.Answers:1.C2.A3.A4.D5.D6.B7.C8.D9.B 10.CII1. feudal2. Witan, Grand Council3 . Domesday Book, 1086 4. Henry II5. six, jury, English, Norman6. Thomas Becket7. Mangna Carta, the Great Charter, 638. Joan of Arc, Calais 9. Black Death, two10. yeomenIII1.Domesday BookIt is a book compiled by a group of clerks under the sponsorship of King William the First in 1086. The book was in fact a property record. It was the result of a general survey of England. It recorded the extent, value, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It was one of the important measures adopted by William I to establish the full feudal system in England. Today, it is kept in the Public Records Office in London.2.lollards:罗拉德派they were poor priests and traveling preachers who were john wyclif's followers.they played an important role in the mental preparations for the peasant uprising of 1381.they preaching the equality of men before god.3.Joan of arc:圣女贞德she was a national heroine of France during the hundred year's war,she successfully led the france to drive the English out of France.4.The Black DeathIt is a modern name given to the dearly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century particularly in 1348-1349. It came without warning, and without any cue. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences.1.What was feudalism like in England under the rule of William the Conqueror? Under the rule of William the Conqueror, the feudal system in England was completely established. According to this system, the king owned all the land personally. William gave his barons large estates in return for military services and a proportion of the land's produce. These estates were scattered all over the king. Then, the barons parceled out land to the lesser nobles, knights and freemen, also in return for goods and services. At the bottom of the feudal scale were the serfs. One peculiar feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners must take the oath of allegiance not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.2. What were the contents and the significance of the Great charter? Contents: no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council; no freeman should be arrested, imprisoned, or deprived of his property except by the law ofthe land; the Church should possess all its rights, together with freedom of elections; London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privileges, and there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. It was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons,a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the power of the king.3. Why and how did the English Parliament come into being?Henry III's many measures was brought matters between he and barons to a head. And the barons force the king to swear and accept the Provisions of Oxford. Simon de Montfort summoned in 1265 the Great Council to meet at Westminster, together with two knights from each country and two burgesses from each town, a metting which has been seen as that the earliest parliament.4. What do you know about Wat Tyler's Uprising?The uprising broke out in Kent and Essex in 1381 and was led by Wat Tyler and Jack Straw. Tyler led the mared villagers to occupy London. The king was forced to accept their demands. Most of the rebels dispersed and went home, while Tyler and other leader stayed on for more rights. Tyler was killed at a meeting with the king, who suppressed the Uprising brutally. Although the Uprising failed, it had great importance in English history. It directed against the rich clergy, the lawyers and the landowners. It effectively blew the serfdom, and a new class of yeomen farmers emerged, paving the way for the development of capitalism.第三章 Shaping of the Nation（练习题二）选择题1． The Domesday Book was completed in________.A. 1085B. 1086C.1087D.1088 答案： B2. When William died in Normandy in 1087 he left Normandy to ________,and England to______.A. William Rufus; RobertB. Robert ;HenryC. Robert; William RufusD. Henry; Robert 答案： C3. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of______, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury B the barons C the church D the king 答案：D4. The barons forced the king of Henry 3 and his son Prince Edward to swear to accept the _____.A . Provisions of Oxford.B Provisions of YorkC Provisions of WestminsterD provisions of Canterbury 答案： A5 . Magna Carta was signed in _______ at a conference at ______.A. 1066; RunnymedeB. 1215; WindsorC. 1215; OxfordD. 1215; Runnymede 答案： D6. According to Magna Carta no tax should be made without the approval of______.A. the Witan B the king C the Grand Council D the Commons 答案：C7 In 1265 Simon summoned the Great Council to meet together with two knights from each county and two ______ from each town.A burgesses B. bishops C. clergymen D. yeomen 答案： A8 The Hundred Year's War lasted from _______to________.A. 1337;1450B. 1337;1453C. 1330; 1453D. 1337;1455 答案： B9 'Domesday Book' was compiled during the rule of ______.A William IB William IIC Henry IID King Stephen 答案：A10 The Black Death swept through England in the summer of _____without warning.A 1374B 1348C 1349D 1350 答案：B11 After the Hundred Year's War, power in England was in the hands of a number of rich and ambitious_________.A bishopsB MerchantsC noblesD royal family members 答案： C12 The causes of the Hundred Years War were partly ______and Partly _______.A. political; military B political; economic C territorial; religious D territorial; economic 答案：D13 The Hundred Years' War could be devided into _______outstanding stages.A twoB threeC fourD five 答案：B14 Under William's rule, the______ were at the bottom of the feudal system. 'A. baronsB. freemenC. villeinsD. lawyers 答案：C15 William replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxon king, with ______A. the Grand CouncilB. the House of LordsC. the House of CorranonsD. Parliament 答案：A16 William II was known as William ______ because of his red complexion.A. RufusB. the ConquerorC. the ConfessorD. the Unready 答案：A17 Henry II was the first king of the ______dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet 答案：D18 In Henry II ' s reign, a _______ law was gradually established in place of the customs of the manor.A. localB. privateC. civilD. common 答案：D19 The Great Council of Henry II drew up the Constitutions of ____in 1164 to increase the jurisdiction of the civil courts.A. LabourersB. ClarendonC. OxfordD. Cambridge 答案：B20 The Great Charter was signed in ______ and had______ clauses.A.1251, 63B.1251, 73C.1215, 63D.1215, 73 答案：C21 In 1265 _____summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. HenryB.the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort 答案：D22 The Hundred Years' war started in_____ and was ended in______, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of _____,A .1337 , 1453, FlandersB .1337 , 1453, Calais C.1346, 1453, Argencourt D.1346, 1453, Brest 答案：B23 In 1351, the English government issued a Statute of_____ , which made it a crime for peasants to ask for more wages .A. OxfordB. ClarendonC. LabourersD. Magna Carta 答案: C一句话解释1 Which system was completely established under William in English ?答：The feudal system was completely established under William in English.2 What book was Domesday Book?答：This book was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085, and stated the extents, value, the population , state of cultivation, and ownership of the land.3 What's the role of Simon's Parliaments?答：It's role was to offer advice, not to make decisions.名词解释1 The Domesday Book。

英美国家文化概况课后选择题答案

UNIT31.Which of the following statements was correct around the time of the American Revolution? The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants.2. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.3. The following were the main Reformation leaders exceptMartin Luther King4. The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantism exceptsalvation through the church.5. Which of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?separation of state and church.6. Lord Baltimore's feudal plan failed becausethe English king did not like the plan.7. The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic exceptWilliam Penn.8. The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly fromJohn Locke.9. Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?Catholics.10. "No taxation without representation" was the rallying cry of “the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution.UNIT41. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined.2. According to the author, the Articles of Confederation failed because of the following reasons. Which is not true?Some new states wanted to be free from the Union.3. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?Rhode Island.4. Which of the following statements was NOT correct? When the Constitution was written,t here was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.5. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? The legislative.6.Which of the following is NOT a power of the president?The president can make laws.7. The Bill of Rights consists of10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791.8. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?The freedom of searching a person's home by police.9. The following were NOT written into the Constitution in 1787 exceptthe powers of the president.10. The New Deal was started byFranklin Roosevelt.UNIT 51. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the state of Rhode Island.2. The “American system” of mass production was first used in United States.firearms industry3. The United States had the first standard paper currency in 1863.4. In which year was the United States rated NO.1 in terms of production capacity in the world? 19455. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?Steelmaking6. The United States was rated forth in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.7. The United States produces as much as half of the world’ssoybeans and corn.8. Which of the following is generally considered as an important institutional factor that contributed to the success of American business and industry?Laissez-faire9. Who has extolled the virtues of farmers?Thomas Jefferson10. The latest technology that farmers have adopted iscomputersUNIT61. Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?The Catholics2. Which of the following is unconstitutional in the United States?Public money is provided to support religious schools.3. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the three basic religious beliefs?Islamic4. Which of the following is true?Liberal Protestants and Jews join non-believers in maintaining that abortion is a basic right for women,5. Which of the following continues to have an all-male clergy?The Catholic Church6. Which of the following features is NOT distinctively American?There has been very much concentration on doctrine or religious argument in the US.7. In the United States, people go to church mainly for the following reasons except for finding a job in society.8. Which of the following statement is NOT correct according to the author?Protestant Church is an established church by law in the US.UNIT 71. Which of the following was a writer of the post-Revolutionary period?Washington Irving2. Which of the following is considered an American masterpiece?Moby Dick3. Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?Walden4. Whitman’s poetry has the following characteristics exceptfragmented haunting images5. Mark Twain’s work are characterized by the following exceptegotism6. Three of the following are characteristics of Emily Dickinson’s poems. Which one is NOT? Her poems are very long and powerful.7. Henry James was mainly interested in writing about American living in Europe.8. Sherwood Anderson is NOT included in the group of naturalists.9. Three of the following authors are Noble Prize winners. Which one is NOT?F.Scott Fitzgerald.10. John Steinbeck does NOT belong to the ‘Lost Generation’.11. Lig ht in August was NOT written by Hemingway.12. Which of the following is NOT an African-American author?Alan Ginsberg13. The following author were women writers who wrote novels in the 19th and early 20th century with the exception ofWilla Cather14. The following writers represent new American voices exceptT.S.Eliot15. Among the following Native American writers, whose publications are regarded as sparking the beginning of the Native American Renaissance?Scott Momaday’sUNIT 81.Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?Politics and business education.2. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _______.boards of education3. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?Elementary school, secondary school.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in American higher education?Research institutions5. Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?Large universities offer scholarships to all students.6. The most important reason for students wanting to get into more desirable institutions because they find it easy for them to get jobs after having graduated from one of them7. In order to go to university, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that _______.they pass the college entrance examinations8. Three of the following universities have large endowments from wealthy benefactors. Which is the exception?The State University of New York9. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _______. Investment10. To get a bachelor's degree, an undergraduate student is required to do the following except taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyUNIT 91. Black American sang the anthem of the civil rights movement, ______affirming their commitment to fight racial prejudice.We Shall Overcome!2. The most notorious terrorist group against black civil rights workers in the South was known as Ku Klux Klan.3. The reason why many young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s was thatthey resented traditional white male values in US society4. In addition to such tactics as sit-ins, young students also added ______to educate people about war in Vietnam.Teach-in5. According to the author, three civil rights groups provided the leadership, the tactics, and the people to fight against Southern segregation. Which is the exception?The students for a democratic society6. A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when ______delivered his “I Have a Dream”Martin Luther King, Jr.7. In January 1965, President Johnson declared “_______”to eliminate poverty “by opening to everyone the opportunity to live in decency and dignity.”War on poverty8. Unlike Martin Luther King, _______the chief spokesperson of Black Muslins advocated violence in self defense and black pride.Malcolm X9.During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as _____to integrate interstate buses and bus station in the South.Freedom rides10. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India’s leader Gandhi, _______was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 1964.Martin Luther King,Jr.11. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called____the Hippies12. In the 1960s, feminism was reborn. Many women were dissatisfied with their lives, and in 1963, with the publication of _______by _________, they found a voice.The Feminine Mystique, Betty FriedanUNIT 101. Which of the following statement is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s?Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life.2. the main factor contributing to the widening income gap between blacks and whites in the 1970s was _____black had low position and low pay in the workplace hierarchy3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups? The aggressive nature of these groups.4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the white-collar crime?Robbery5. Which of the following statement is NOT true?The Northern states did not have racial discrimination.6. Accoding to the text, which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse? Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment.7. If white-collar crimes were included in the Crime Index, the profile of a typical criminal in the United States would be the following EXCEPTliving near city centers8. Which of the following used human beings as guinea pigs to test drugs like LSD?The CIAUNIT111. When did the word stereotype come into use in English?Early 17th century2. Which organization in the United States demonstrated strongly against any laws that might restrict gun ownership?The NRA (national Rifle Association)3. Which of the following websites are meant to cater to young tastes?Facebook4. Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot which was associated with life in America since the late 18th century?Israel Zangwill5. What was the major historical event that resulted in the separation of the Protestants from the Roman Catholic Church?The 16th-century Reformation6. Which of the following expressions represents the core value of the mainstream society in the USA?Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.7. Which of the following was President Franklin D.Roosevelt’s main concern?Social justice8. According to the author, the mosaic metaphor for American image has one fatal flaw. What is it?American is not open to change .9.The internet has several characteristics that reflect life in the USA today. Which one is NOT? People can freely download MP3 music10. Which of the following institution is responsible for the making of the Internet?The US military11. Free use of the Internet in the US responds to the basic American values, except that _____it doesn’t help create material wealth.12. Which of the following helps theorize the concept of Fraternity? Karl Marx。

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第一套：Ⅰ.1. Sinn Fein is not a legal political party in Northern Ireland. F2. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quitewell-known: in the world for its endless political problems. T3. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children withliteracy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children. T4. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T5. Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6. In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged peoplefrom Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because they wanted to increase its control over Ireland. T7. When George W. Bush became president, his foreign strategy has twoprominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength. F8. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which mostcountries have. F9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party and the other is the Republican Party. T10. The oldest institution of government in Britain is the Monarchy. T11. There are about 60 members of the Commonwealth. F12. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be acandidate for public office.F13. The Servicemen's Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights, gave veteranspriority in finding better jobs. F14. Pax Americana indicates American policy to create a world order dominatedby the United States. T15. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celti c language, called “Gaelic”F16. The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition ofits continuing importance in world politics. F17. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F18. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that ofRepublic of Ireland and that of Great Britain. F19. It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F20. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. FⅡ.21. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? AA. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans.22. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe? D A. The growth of capitalism. B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.23. Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? CA. France, China, Germany, Russia and Britain.B. The United States, France, Britain, Germany and Russia.C. China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States.D. China, Britain, France, the United States and Japan.24. What did the US mean by Containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breakingout of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by itsparticipation in CA. the CommonwealthB. the European Economic CommunityC. the United Nations, the EU, NATO, etcD. a European federal government26. Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? CA. Football.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.27. After the WWII, the United States became a stronger country, proved by the following facts except A.A. the US suffered no losses in the war.B. the US was the sole possessor of atomic bombs.C. the US had over 70% of the gold reserve of the world in its coffers.D. the US had over 50% of industrial production of the world in its hand.28. Lord Baltimore’s feudal p lan failed NOT because D.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.29. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people30. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? BA. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president31. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? cA. There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.D. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.32. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in C.A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 160633. Which of the following can not be found in London? AA. teahousesB. art galleriesC. museumsD. theatres34. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of D.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution35. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? BA. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland36. Which of t he following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time? AA. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football37. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role?AA. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolizes the tradition and unity of the British state.C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.38. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of AA. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day39. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham40. Where is the international tennis championship held? BA. WembleyB. WimbledonC. LondonD. EdinburghⅢ. 41. The Functions of Parliament42. Puritanism43. Grammar School44. The declaration of Independence45. The strategy of PreemptionⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. What are the purposes of the British education system? Please commenton these purposes.47. What are the foundations of Britain’s foreign policy?第二套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California.F2. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britainsometimes. t3. By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were readyto separate themselves from Europe. T4. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T5. Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T7. When George W. Bush became president, his foreign strategy has twoprominent elements: isolationism and faith in military strength.8. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party and the other is the Republican Party.10. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F11. The origin of Bowling lies in the victory celebration ceremony by theancient warriors. t12. Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be acandidate for public office. F13. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authorityfrom his subjects. F14. The British host a large American military presence and there are 63American military bases in the UK. T15. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F16. British universities are public bodies which receive funds from centralgovernment. T17. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unifiednation as it is today. F18. One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be accepted bya college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. t19. It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F20. Wales is rich in coal deposits. TⅡ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to themodern development of Europe? DA. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.22. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education23. Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreignpolicy? AA. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.24. What did the US mean by containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breakingout of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisionsis true? CA. Elementary school, grammar school.B. Elementary school, junior high school.C. Elementary school, secondary school.D. Junior high school, senior high school.26. Which of the following is NOT true of London? DA. the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center27. Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time? AA. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football28. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention? BA. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29. The following were the main Reformation leaders except B.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ.30. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? DA. cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing31. In Britain, ___ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, etc. bA. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Lord President of the CouncilD. the Speaker of the House of Commons32. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of A.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day33. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham34. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 B.A. can legally receive partly free education.B. can legally receive completely free education.C. can not receive free education at all.D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich.35. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government? AA. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.36. Lord Baltimore’s feudal plan failed because D.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.37. In order to go to university in the US, secondary school students mustmeet the following requirements except that D.A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinations38. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people39. Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with“direct rule” from London? DA. the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C. the power-sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. all the above40. Which of the following schools would admit children without referenceto their academic abilities? AA. Comprehensive schoolsB. Secondary schoolsC. Independent schoolsD. Grammar schoolsⅢ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. Comprehensive schools42. The Bill of Rights43. The making of Britain’s foreign policy44. The functions of Parliament45. The strategy of PreemptionⅣ. Answer one of the following questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?47. How do you understand that Britain has a “special relationship” with th第三套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.T2. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. F3. Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland andWales. F4. Most people in Scotland speak the o ld Celtic language, called “Gaelic”F5. Edinburgh is the largest city in Scotland. F6. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children withliteracy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children.T7. Sinn Fein is not a legal political party in Northern Ireland.F8. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that areparticularly British. T9. Today, the United States has two major political parties. One is theDemocratic Party, formed before 1800. The other is the Republican Party,formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West. T10. The game of golf was invented by the Scottish. T11. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unifiednation as it is today. F12. Grammar schools selects children at the age of 11 and provide them witha general education. F13. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F14. Pax Americana indicates American policy to create a world order dominatedby the United States. T15.Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.F16. The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition ofits contribution in setting up the United Nations. F17. Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday. F18. American foreign policy has been swinging between isolationism andinterventionism since WWII. F19. One of the things that decide whether an applicant can be accepted bya college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests. t20. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regardedas the founding fathers of the United States of America. FⅡ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Which of the following is not involved in making the British foreignpolicy? AA. The Queen of BritainB. The Foreign and Commonwealth OfficeC. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defense and the Treasury.22. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to themodern development of Europe? DA. The growth of capitalism.B. The Renaissance.C. The Religious Reformation.D. The Spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.23. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education24. What did the US mean by containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breakingout of its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reachedparity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror25. Which of the following sports was not invented in Britain?CA. footballB. tennisC. basketballD. cricket26. Which celebration particularly happens on the Queen’s birthday?CA. BonfiresB. The Orange MarchC. Trooping the ColorD. Masquerades27. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of British government? AA. It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B. It is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C. It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D. It has no written form of Constitution.28. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention? BA. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland29. The following were the main Reformation leaders except B.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ.30. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, andlevy federal taxes? BA. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president31. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? CA. They are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B. Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C. Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.D. Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.32. Which of the following is truly a sport of the royal family? DA. cricketB. skiingC. golfingD. horse racing33. Which of the following is NOT true of London? DA. the cultural centerB. the business centerC. The financial centerD. the sports center34. Which of the following was not an activity in Shakespeare’s time? AA. attending the Grand NationalB. having a drink at a pubC. working the landD. playing football35. Where do the majority of people in Scotland live? BA. in the HighlandsB. in the LowlandsC. in the UplandsD. in the west of Scotland36. Which of the following is true about the British Commonwealth? dA. Members of nations are joined together politically.B. The Commonwealth has special powers.C. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is made by Britain.D. It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.37. In Britain, ___ formally appoints important government ministers, judges, etc. BA. the QueenB. the Prime MinisterC. the Lord President of the CouncilD. the Speaker of the House of Commons38. Colored eggs and bunny are traditional symbols of A.A. EasterB. ChristmasC. ValentineD. New Year’s Day39. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? DA. the University of CambridgeB. the University of OxfordC. the University of EdinburghD. the University of Buckingham40. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 B.A. can legally receive partly free education.B. can legally receive completely free education.C. can not receive free education at all.D. can not receive free education if their parents are rich.Ⅲ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. Comprehensive schools42. The Bill of Rights43. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act44. The functions of the British Parliament.45. George WashingtonⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题任选一题，20分）46. Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain and the Unite concerningthe goal of education47.what is the US containment policy? Is it successful? Illustrate your point wi第四套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F2. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regardedas the founding fathers of the United States of America. F3. The Scots and the Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F4. The most important single factor which influences British policy-makersis its history. t5. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people areCatholics.F6. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that ofRepublic of Ireland and that of Great Britain. F7. When the War of Independence was over, the United States was one unifiednation as it is today. F8. Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector andtuition rates, with some government support. T9. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. F10. Britain, like Israel, has a written constitution of the sort which mostcountries have. F11. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights, gave veteranspriority in finding better jobs. F12. British universities are public bodies which receive funds fromcentral government. T13. In 1948 President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine, which isgenerally regarded as the formal declaration of the implementation of the US containment foreign policy. T14. The biggest Bonfire Night celebration is held in London. F15. When Ronald Reagan became president in 1982, he wanted to beat the SovietUnion in the space technology race and so he initiated the Star Wars project. T16. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction on Britain’s foreign policy. T17. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. F18. The British host a large American military presence and there are 63 American military bases in the UK. T19. Sputniks are man-made satellites made by the Soviet Union. T20. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularly British. TⅡ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question. （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）21. Of which people is Robert Burns a national poet? CA. the Welsh peopleB. the Irish peopleC. the Scottish peopleD. the English people22. Lord Baltimore’s feu dal plan failed because D.A. there were more Protestant than Catholics in Maryland.B. the wilderness of the continent made the plan impossible.C. there was plenty of land while labor was scarce.D. the English king did not like the plan.23. The Norman Conquest in English history happened in C.A. 1035B. 1042C. 1066D. 160624. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes? BA. the executiveB. the legislativeC. the judicialD. the president25. What did the US mean by containment? AA. It would use whatever means to prevent the Soviet Union from breaking outof its sphere of influence.B. It wanted to reverse the situation in which the Soviet Union reached parity with the US in nuclear forceC. It planned to drag the Soviet Union into another round of arms raceD. It intended to shift the balance of terror26. Easter commemorates D.A. the birth of Jesus ChristB. the Crucifixion of Jesus ChristC. the coming of springD. the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ27. In order to go to university in the US, secondary school students must meet the following requirements except that DA. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude TestsD. they pass the college entrance examinations28. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role? AA. The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B. The Queen symbolizes the tradition and the Cabinet.C. The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D. The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.29. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by D.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmasterD. boards of education30. When was the NATO founded? DA. In 1945.B. in 1955C. In 1948D. in 194931. Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in C.A. the CommonwealthB. the European Economic CommunityC. the United Nations, the EU, NATO, etc.D. a European federal government32. Who are the ancestors of the English and the founders of England? AA. the Anglo-SaxonsB. the NormansC. the VikingsD. the Romans33. When did President Nixon make a trip to China to improve relations with the People’s Republic of China? AA. In 1972B. In 1973C. In 1970D. In 197134. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of D.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution35. The New Deal was started by A.A. Franklin RooseveltB. J. F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson36. The following were the main Reformation leaders except B.A. Martin Luther.B. Martin Luther King.C. John Calvin.D. The English King Henry Ⅷ37. Which of the following can not be found in London? AA. teahousesB. art galleriesC. museumsD. theatres38. Why did the government decide to replace the power-sharing policy with “direct rule” from London? DA. the power-sharing policy was not accepted by the majority of Protestants.B. the Northern Irish Parliament could not govern the power effectively.C. the power-sharing policy couldn’t be carried out.D. all the above39. Which of the following is Not a feature of the House of Lords? CA. Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.B. It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.C. The Lords are expected to present the interests of the public.D. Most of the Lords in the House of Lords are male.40. Which of the following sports was NOT invented in Britain? CA. Football.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. Cricket.Ⅲ.Tell what you know about the following in your own words. （本大题共5小题，每小题8分，共40分）41. The Open University42. The three traditions of Christmas in Britain43. The strategy of preemption 44. The functions of Parliament45. The Bill of RightsⅣ. Answer one of the following two questions. （本大题共任选一题， 20分）46. In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?47. What are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the US government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?第五套：Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). （本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）1. Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. T2. The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. F3. In Britain, Grammar schools select children at the age of 11 and provide them with a general education. F4. The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreign policy. T。