大气污染控制工程(英文)PPT课件
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大气污染控制工程--Lecture 7-2 General ideas in air pollution control
stoichiometric mixture.
0.0436 46% 0.095 0.1555 164 % 0.095
LEL UEL
Ⅶ combustion (3) Explosive or combustible limits
Two types expressions
y methane
= volume%
(2) Heat of combustion
In combustion , we will have removed a finite amount of energy in the form of heat , called the heat of combustion .
The higher heating value, water is condensed .
Fig. 7.4, Page 181
y methane, in the limit mixture y methane , in the stoichiometric mixture
Table 7.1, Page 179
Ⅶ combustion (3) Explosive or combustible limits
different particle with various sizes .
Ⅶ combustion
Most air pollutants are created and released in
processes involving combustion, transportation , fuel
Air Pollution Control Engineering
Prof. Jiakuan Yang
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
0.0436 46% 0.095 0.1555 164 % 0.095
LEL UEL
Ⅶ combustion (3) Explosive or combustible limits
Two types expressions
y methane
= volume%
(2) Heat of combustion
In combustion , we will have removed a finite amount of energy in the form of heat , called the heat of combustion .
The higher heating value, water is condensed .
Fig. 7.4, Page 181
y methane, in the limit mixture y methane , in the stoichiometric mixture
Table 7.1, Page 179
Ⅶ combustion (3) Explosive or combustible limits
different particle with various sizes .
Ⅶ combustion
Most air pollutants are created and released in
processes involving combustion, transportation , fuel
Air Pollution Control Engineering
Prof. Jiakuan Yang
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
《大气污染控制工程》课件
大气污染控制的重要性
详细介绍大气污染控制的重要性，包括保护人民健康和维护生态平衡。
大气污染控制的目标和策略
阐述大气污染控制的目标，包括降低污染物排放和改善空气质量，并介绍一些常用的控制策略。
大气污染控制工程的原理和技 术
介绍大气污染控制工程中常用的原理和技术，如静电除尘、吸附等，以及它 们的工作原理和应用范围。
大气污染控制案例研究
通过实际案例，展示大气污染控制工程在不同地区的应用，以及取得的成效和挑战。
总结和展望
总结各个方面的内容，并展望大气污染控制工程的未来发展，以及我们每个人在环境保护中的角色。
《大气污染控制工程》
这个PPT课件将带您了解大气污染的定义和概述，包括其影响以及控制工程的 重要性和目标，同时讨论了控制工程的原理和技术，并提供了一些案例研究， 最后进行总结和展望。
大气污染的定义和概述
探讨大气污染的定义，了解它对环境和人类的影响，并介绍一些常见的大气 污染源。
大气污染的影响
深入了解大气污染对人类健康、环境质量和气候变化等方面带来的影响。
大气污染控制工程(英文)PPT课件
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2. Concept of Air Pollution
❖ Air Pollution is the ce of undesirable materials in air, in quantities large enough to produce harmful effects.The undesirable materials may damage human health,vegetation,hunman,property, or the global environment as well as create aesthetic insults in the form of brown or hazy air or unpleasant smells.
Source control
Atmosphere
Receptors Receptors
Legislative action
response
Humans Animals Plants Materials
10
The research of air pollution
❖Sources of air pollution ❖Pollution control technology ❖Atmospheric behavior of air pollutants ❖Effects of air pollutants ❖Legislative and regulatory measures
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5. Primary Air Pollutants
❖ Pollutants released directly into the atmosphere in their unmodified forms and in sufficient quantities to pose a health risk
2. Concept of Air Pollution
❖ Air Pollution is the ce of undesirable materials in air, in quantities large enough to produce harmful effects.The undesirable materials may damage human health,vegetation,hunman,property, or the global environment as well as create aesthetic insults in the form of brown or hazy air or unpleasant smells.
Source control
Atmosphere
Receptors Receptors
Legislative action
response
Humans Animals Plants Materials
10
The research of air pollution
❖Sources of air pollution ❖Pollution control technology ❖Atmospheric behavior of air pollutants ❖Effects of air pollutants ❖Legislative and regulatory measures
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5. Primary Air Pollutants
❖ Pollutants released directly into the atmosphere in their unmodified forms and in sufficient quantities to pose a health risk
大气污染控制lecture 1-2 Introduction to Air Pollution Control
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At first the leaders of the older “smokestack” industries (steel, copper, some electric power) fought the new regulations, in the courts, in the press, and in congress. Twenty-five years later their successors mostly have decided that the air pollution regulations are here to stay and that their goals should be to influence the regulatory process to make the regulations as clear and practical as possible and then to comply with the regulations in as efficient and economical a way as possible.
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This period saw the passage of the National Environmental Policy Act and the Clean Air Act of 1970, both of which have had sweeping effects and have greatly changed American way of dealing with air pollution. Similar changes took place throughout the industrial world at about the same time, with similar effects.
大气污染控制工程--Lecture 9-1 Control of Primary Particulates
③ ①
Removed from the wall
2.Gravity settlers
(1) Schematic of typical gravity settler
chamber outlet duct
Inlet duct
W H L
Cross-sectional area (WH) is much larger than that of inlet duct, or that of outlet duct. Some baffles: inlet baffles and out baffles reducing the velocity of gas in gravity setter.
Most of fine particles in the atmosphere
are secondary particles, <1μm. They are difficult to be collected by a control device. The best way to control secondary particles is process change.
(2) Block flow model
collection efficiency
① The time the gas will take to pass through the chamber in the flow direction.
L t Vavg
② During that time, the particle fall down a distance by gravity.
mixed 1 exp( blowflow )
Mixed flow model and Block flow model
Removed from the wall
2.Gravity settlers
(1) Schematic of typical gravity settler
chamber outlet duct
Inlet duct
W H L
Cross-sectional area (WH) is much larger than that of inlet duct, or that of outlet duct. Some baffles: inlet baffles and out baffles reducing the velocity of gas in gravity setter.
Most of fine particles in the atmosphere
are secondary particles, <1μm. They are difficult to be collected by a control device. The best way to control secondary particles is process change.
(2) Block flow model
collection efficiency
① The time the gas will take to pass through the chamber in the flow direction.
L t Vavg
② During that time, the particle fall down a distance by gravity.
mixed 1 exp( blowflow )
Mixed flow model and Block flow model
《大气污染控制工程》课件
05
大气污染控制工程未 来展望
新型大气污染控制技术发展
高效低耗技术
研发更高效、低能耗的大气污染控制技术，提高处理 效率，降低运行成本。
新型吸附剂和催化剂
研究新型的吸附剂和催化剂，以提高大气污染物的去 除效率。
智能监测与控制技术
利用物联网、大数据和人工智能等技术，实现大气污 染的智能监测与控制。
大气环境质量改善目标与策略
脱硫技术
采用湿法、半干法或干法 脱硫技术，去除烟气中的 二氧化硫。
脱硝技术
采用选择性催化还原、选 择性非催化还原等方法， 去除烟气中的氮氧化物。
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大气污染控制工程实 践
工业污染源控制
工业污染源控制概述
工业污染是大气污染的主要来 源之一，控制工业污染源是改
善空气质量的关键措施。
工业废气处理技术
针对不同废气成分和排放特点 ，采用合适的处理技术，如吸 附、催化燃烧、生物处理等。
由于大气污染的区域性特征，需要打破行 政区域限制，实施区域联防联控。
建立大气污染监测网络，实时监测污染物 浓度和气象条件，发布预警信息。
区域大气污染减排目标设定与考 核
制定区域减排目标，分解到各地区和重点 企业，对减排效果进行考核和奖惩。
区域大气污染政策协同与执法监 督
加强政策协同和执法监督力度，确保各项 减排措施得到有效落实。
尾气催化转化器
通过催化剂的作用，将机动车尾气中的有害物质 转化为无害物质，是治理机动车尾气的主要手段 之一。不同类型的催化转化器适用于不同类型的 机动车，具有较高的治理效果。
尾气遥感监测技术
利用光谱分析等遥感技术，对机动车尾气进行实 时监测，及时发现超标排放车辆。该技术具有监 测范围广、速度快、精度高等优点，但设备成本 较高。
大气污染控制Lecture 2 Air pollution Effects
Ⅰ Effects on Human Health
Criteria Air Pollutants: NOx
Cause: Fuel combustion at high temps Source: mobile and stationary combustion sources Toxic effects at 10-30 ppm Nose and eye irritation Lung tissue damage Pneumonia Aggravate existing heart disease
CDC CO Poisoning /co/faqs. htm
Ⅰ Effects on Human Health
Criteria Air Pollutants: Ozone
Cause: product of photochemical rxns Source: cars, power plants, combustion, chemical industries Acute Health effects Severe E/N/T (ear/nose/throat) irritation Eye irritation at 100 ppb Interferes with lung functions: coughing at 2 ppm
Ⅰ Effects on Human Health
Criteria Air Pollutants: SOx
Cause: Burning fuel that contains sulfur Source: Electric power generation, diesel trucks Short-term intermittent exposures Bronchoconstriction (temporary breathing difficulty) E/N/T irritation Mucus secretion Long-term exposures Respiratory illness Aggravates existing heart disease Intensified in presence of PM London issues were combination of the two
大气污染控制工程--Lecture 8-1 The nature of Particulate Pollutants
⑦ Fine particles, smaller than 2.5μ, PM2.5.
The smaller the particles size, the more
damage to human health.
Ⅱ Primary and secondary particles (1) How fine particles generate >10 μ
(1) How fine Particles generate
Paint pigments 0.1~5 μ Ground talc 0.5~50 μ
Example, Page211
extreme grinding and
milling operation extreme grinding with water
Ⅰ Diameter of particle
⑤ Inhalabe particles. Refer to all particles smaller than 10 μ, PM10
⑥ respirable particles (refer to all particles)
smaller than 3.5 μ.
(5) Differences between Primary and Secondary particles
Primary
Secondary
<1 μ
Condensation or chemical reaction
diameter generation
>1 μ
mechanical
solid
state
to contact each other or by contacting them with drops of water.
大气污染控制工程--Lecture 7-1 General ideas in air pollution control
Generally, reclamation or recovery is economical only if the concentrations are high enough in waste stream .
The ultimate fate of pollutants
Most organic compounds will burn. Most particulate pollutant , e. g . fine dusts, to be captured and placed in a landfill.
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（三）风压作用下的自然通风
风洞模型实验
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风洞模型实验
21
A Typical continuous-feed mass-fired municipal Combustor
Resource recovery
If the pollutant is valuable material or a fuel , it may be more economical to collect and use it than to discard it.
Q
P
Power
Ⅴ Efficiency, penetration, nines
Downstream control device
C0
C1 Q1C1
Q0C0
Q0C0
Mass flow rate of contaminant into the device Mass flow rate of contaminant out of the device
2001 年 度二 氧 化 硫 浓 度 区 域 分 布
大气污染控制工程--Lecture 2-2 Air pollution Effects汇总
Ⅳ Effects on Global Warming
Climate
The Earth's surface temperature has risen by about 1 degree Fahrenheit in the past century, with accelerated warming during the past two decades.
Dose(Concentration)
Dose-response curve
Response(Harmful effects)
Lecture 2 Air Pollution Effects
Ⅰ Effects on Human Health Ⅱ Effects on Properties Ⅲ Effects on Visibility Ⅳ Effects on Global Warming Ⅴ Effects on Sratospheric Ozone Depletion
• “厄尔尼诺”一词来源于西班牙语，原意为 “圣婴”。19世纪初，在南美洲的厄瓜多尔、 秘鲁等西班牙语系的国家，渔民们发现，每 隔几年，从10月至第二年的3月便会出现一股 沿海岸南移的暖流，使表层海水温度明显升 高。
• 南美洲的太平洋东岸本来盛行的是秘鲁寒流， 随着寒流移动的鱼群使秘鲁渔场成为世界三 大渔场之一。
Air Pollution Control Engineering
Prof. Jiakuan Yang
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Questions for the Last Lecture
1 Please give four major air pollution effects 2 What is theshold value?
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C. Acid
Rain --pH<5.6
20
Acid Rain Distribution In China
21
Acid Rain Effects
Roman arena
22 Roman cathedral
§2 Air Pollution Effects ※ Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health ※ Air Pollution Effects on Property
B. Ozone( O3) Depletion
consumption
Caused by（CFCS）--Chlorofluorocarbons 氯氟
碳化合物，氟里昂 ozone is about 10~40km in height from the surface of the earth Use the thickness of the ozone to measure it： 1 Dobson unit=1×10-3cm If the ozone is less than 220 DU, Ozone hollow turns up. The cavity in the Antarctic pole (the south pole) is becoming largere have only one
Save the earth!
Air pollution is destroying our home - the earth.
1 .2 Source of Air Pollution
Burning fossil fuels such as coal, gasoline, and oil fuels
Key point: (1) it is harmful to vegetation, biotic or abiotic.
(2) The quantities are too great to be accepted (The pollutant concentration exceeds the acceptable lever)
Particulate pollutants COX SOX NOX VOCs
Polluted air Greenhouse effect Ozone depletion
Acid rain
6
Structure of the Electricity generation in China
Wind/ Biomass/ Solar/Other 0.1%
※ Air Pollution Effects on Visibility
23
A. Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health
Sulfur oxides Fine particulate matter Nitrogen oxides Carbon monoxide Ozone Benzene Inorganic arsenic (砷，砒霜）
Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, Aerosols
C.
Acid Rain
10
improve
Global Warming
11
A. Global Warming
Carbon Dioxide
Other Greenhouse Gases Aerosols
12
13
14
Air pollution is the presence of undesirable material in air, in quantities large enough to produce harmful effects.
It causes harmful effects on human health, property, aesthetics, and the global climate.
2
§1 Introduction to Air Pollution control
1.1 Definition of Air Pollution 1.2 Source of Air Pollution 1.3 Results of Air Pollution
3
1.1 Definition of Air Pollution
Hydro 15 %
Nuclear 2.3%
Coal 82.6%
Polluted Air
9
1.3 Results of Air Pollution
A. B.
Global Warming—caused by Carbon
Ozone Depletion—caused by （CFCS）
Chlorofluorocarbons 氯氟碳化合物，氟里昂
大气污染控制工程
Air Pollution Control Engineering
1
Contents
§1 Introduction to Air Pollution control §2 Air Pollution effects §3 Air Pollution control philosophies §4 Air Pollution Measurement, Emission Estimates §5 Meteorology for Air Pollution control Engineers §6 Air Pollutant Concentration Models §7 General Ideas in Air Pollution control §8 Nature of Particulate Pollutants §9 Control of Primary Particulates §10 Control of Volatile Organic Compounds §11 Control of Sulfur Oxides §12 Control of Nitrogen Oxides §13 Other topics
16
18
C. Acid
Rain --pH<5.6
20
Acid Rain Distribution In China
21
Acid Rain Effects
Roman arena
22 Roman cathedral
§2 Air Pollution Effects ※ Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health ※ Air Pollution Effects on Property
B. Ozone( O3) Depletion
consumption
Caused by（CFCS）--Chlorofluorocarbons 氯氟
碳化合物，氟里昂 ozone is about 10~40km in height from the surface of the earth Use the thickness of the ozone to measure it： 1 Dobson unit=1×10-3cm If the ozone is less than 220 DU, Ozone hollow turns up. The cavity in the Antarctic pole (the south pole) is becoming largere have only one
Save the earth!
Air pollution is destroying our home - the earth.
1 .2 Source of Air Pollution
Burning fossil fuels such as coal, gasoline, and oil fuels
Key point: (1) it is harmful to vegetation, biotic or abiotic.
(2) The quantities are too great to be accepted (The pollutant concentration exceeds the acceptable lever)
Particulate pollutants COX SOX NOX VOCs
Polluted air Greenhouse effect Ozone depletion
Acid rain
6
Structure of the Electricity generation in China
Wind/ Biomass/ Solar/Other 0.1%
※ Air Pollution Effects on Visibility
23
A. Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health
Sulfur oxides Fine particulate matter Nitrogen oxides Carbon monoxide Ozone Benzene Inorganic arsenic (砷，砒霜）
Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases, Aerosols
C.
Acid Rain
10
improve
Global Warming
11
A. Global Warming
Carbon Dioxide
Other Greenhouse Gases Aerosols
12
13
14
Air pollution is the presence of undesirable material in air, in quantities large enough to produce harmful effects.
It causes harmful effects on human health, property, aesthetics, and the global climate.
2
§1 Introduction to Air Pollution control
1.1 Definition of Air Pollution 1.2 Source of Air Pollution 1.3 Results of Air Pollution
3
1.1 Definition of Air Pollution
Hydro 15 %
Nuclear 2.3%
Coal 82.6%
Polluted Air
9
1.3 Results of Air Pollution
A. B.
Global Warming—caused by Carbon
Ozone Depletion—caused by （CFCS）
Chlorofluorocarbons 氯氟碳化合物，氟里昂
大气污染控制工程
Air Pollution Control Engineering
1
Contents
§1 Introduction to Air Pollution control §2 Air Pollution effects §3 Air Pollution control philosophies §4 Air Pollution Measurement, Emission Estimates §5 Meteorology for Air Pollution control Engineers §6 Air Pollutant Concentration Models §7 General Ideas in Air Pollution control §8 Nature of Particulate Pollutants §9 Control of Primary Particulates §10 Control of Volatile Organic Compounds §11 Control of Sulfur Oxides §12 Control of Nitrogen Oxides §13 Other topics