【阅读】2018年 高考英语 北京卷 阅读理解
2018北京卷阅读理解A
My First Marathon(马拉松)
A month before my first marathon, one of myankles was injured and this meant not runningfor two weeks, leaving me only two weeks totrain. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school. In myfirst P.E. class, the teacher required us to run lapsand then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. Helater informed me that I was“not athletic”.
The idea that I was“not athletic”stu ck with mefor years. When I started running in my 30s, I
realized running was a battle against myself, notabout competition or whether or not I wasathletic. It was all about the battle against myown body and mind. A test of wills!
The night before my marat hon, I dreamt that Icouldn’t even find the finish line. I woke upsweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoelaces (鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign, “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!"
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the onceinjured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I
stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wifewaving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She neverminded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. orquestioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But Ifinished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the samemedal as the one that the guy who came in firstplace had.Determined to be myself, move forward, free ofshame and worldly labels (世俗标签), I can now call myselfa“marathon winner”.
36. A month before the marathon, the author.
A. was well trained
B. felt scared
C. made up his mind to run
D. lost hope
37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class inhis 7th year?
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports.
D. To share a precious memory.
38. How was the author’s first marathon?
A. He made it.
B. He quit halfway.
C. He got the first prize.
D. He walked to the end.
39. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family support.
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C. Failure is the mother of success.
D. One is never too old to learn.
答案:
36-39 CCAB
2018北京卷阅读理解B
Find Your Adventure at the Space andAviation (航空) Center If you’re looking for a unique adventure, theSpace and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place tobe. The Center offers programs designed tochallenge and inspire with hands-on tasks andlots of fun.
More than 750, 000 have graduated from SAC,with many seeking employment in engineering,aviation, education, medicine and a wide varietyof other professions. They come to camp,wanting to know what it is like to be an astronautor a pilot, and they leave with real-worldapplications for what they’re studying in theclassroom.
For the trainees, the programs also offers a greatway to earn merit
badges (荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Explorationbadge as they build and fire model rockets, learnabout space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flyingto space with the crew from all over the world.The Aviation Challenge program gives traineesthe chance to earn their Aviation badge. Theylearn the principles of night and test theiroperating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a varietyof flight simulators. Trainees also get a good starton their Wilderness Survival badge as they learnabout water-and land-survival through designedtasks and their search and rescue of“downed”pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership andbeing part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Familiescan enjoy the experience together, too, with
Family Camp programs for families with childrenas young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week—there is somethinghere for everyone!
For more details, please visit us online at www. oursac. com.
40. Why do people come to SAC?
A. To experience adventures.
B. To look for jobs in aviation.
C. To get a degree in engineering.
D. To learn more about medicine.
41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a traineeneeds to.
A. fly to space
B. get an Aviation badge first
C. study the principles of flight
D. build and fire model rockets
42. What is the most important for trainees?
A. Leadership.
B. Team spirit.
C. Task planning.
D. Survival skills.
答案:
40-42 ADB
2018北京卷阅读理解C
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons ofmore than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, buta new study suggests an
answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently foundthat the worms of the greater wax moth canbreak down polyethylene, which accounts for40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms ona commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. Toconfirm that the worms’chewing alone was notresponsible for the polyethylene breakdown, theresearchers made some worms into paste (糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently
broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, saysthe worms’ability to break down their everyday food —beeswax—also allows themto break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture, butthe basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,”she explains,“The wax worm evolved a method or system tobreak this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at theUniversity of Tennessee, who was not involved inthe study, says it is not surprising that suchworms can break down polyethylene. Butcompared with previous studies, she finds thespeed of breaking down in this one exciting. Thenext step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify thecause of the breakdown. Is it an
enzymeproduced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findingsmight one day help employ the enzyme to breakdown plastics in landfills. But she expects usingthe chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on topof the plastic.”
43. What can we learn about the worms in thestudy?
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They can consume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next stepof the study is to.
A. identity other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraphthat the chemical might.
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
46. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a study method on worms.
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
答案:43-46 CBDC
2018北京卷阅读理解D
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has oftenseemed like a futurist’s dream, years away frommaterializing in the real world. Well, the future isapparently now. The California Department ofMotor Vehicles began giving permits in April forcompanies to test truly self-driving cars on publicroads. The state also cleared the way forcompanies to sell or rent out self-driving cars,and for companies to operate driverless taxiservices. California, it should be noted, isn’tleading the way here. Companies have beentesting their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will beeverywhere on our roads. But however long ittakes, the technology has the potential to changeour transportation systems and our cities, forbetter or for worse, depending on how thetransformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has beenfocused on the safety of driverless cars(andrightfully so), policymakers also should betalking
about how self-driving vehicles can helpreduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance tomake sure that those vehicles areenvironmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy—or even worsen—thetraffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine afuture where most adults own individualself-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highwaysbecause they can work, entertain themselves orsleep on the ride, which encourages urbanspread. They take their driverless car to anappointment and set the empty vehicle to circlethe building to avoid paying for parking. Insteadof walking a few blocks to pick up a child or thedry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to takepublic transport—an unwelcome side effectresearchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davissuggested that replacing petrol-powered privatecars worldwide with electric, self-driving andshared systems could reduce carbon emissionsfrom transportation 80% and cut the cost oftransportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions andcheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The firstcommercially available driverless cars willalmost certainly be fielded by ride-hailingservices, considering the cost of
self-drivingtechnology as well as liability and maintenanceissues(责任与维护问题)，But driverless carownership could increase as the prices drop andmore people become comfortable with thetechnology.
Policymakers should start thinking now abouthow to make sure the appearance of driverlessvehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of thecar-controlled transportation system we havetoday. The coming technological advancementpresents a chance for cities and states to developtransportation systems designed to move morepeople, and more affordably. The car of thefuture is coming. We just have to plan for it. 47. According to the author, attention should bepaid to how driverless cars can.
A. help deal with transportation-relatedproblems
B. provide better services to customers
C. cause damage to our environment
D. make some people lose jobs
48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’smajor concern?
A. Safety.
B. Side effects.
C. Affordability.
D. Management.
49. What does the underlined word“fielded”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed.
B. Replaced.
C. Shared.
D. Reduced.
50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Disapproving.
D. Sympathetic.
答案:
47-50 ADAB
2020-2021高考英语阅读理解综合题汇编及答案解析
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Gemini Man Gemini Man is a big-budget Hollywood sci-fi-action movie based on an original concept, rather than on a superhero comic or an old TV series, even though this particular original concept is more 20 years old. In it a government assassin (杀手)is being hunted down by his own clone The original script was sold by Darren Lemke to a studio in 1997, and since then almost every male A-listener has been attached as a potential star. Now, at long last, Ang Lee has directed Gemini Man, and Will Smith plays both the veteran assassin and his much younger doppelganger (分身). Jojo Rabbit During World War Two, a 10-year-old German boy (Roman Griffin David) is desperate to be a dutiful Nazi, only to discover that his mother (Scarlett Johansson) is hiding, a Jewish girl (Thomasin McKenzie) in their house. It may not sound like the stuff of a big-hearted comedy but Taika Waititi can make anything warm and funny. As well as writing and directing Jojo Rabbit, Waititi co-stars as the boy's imaginary friend,a nitwitted Adolf Hitler. Doctor Sleep Mike Flanag's new film is adapted from Stephen King, novel, Doctor Sleep, which was a sequel (续集) to The Shining. You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and headache-including carpet patterns. Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers m 1980 film. Now, he is a middle-aged hospital counsellor. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil Here's another chance to see Angelina Jolie. In 2014 she starred in Maleficent, Disney's live-action remake of the Sleeping Beauty cartoon from 1959. The twist was that the eponymous wicked fairy wasn't so wicked, after all, and that the real villain was the father of Princess Aurora (Elle Fanning). The sequel's subtitle promises that Maleficent will actually be evil this time around, her change of heart prompted by Aurora's engagement to handsome prince (Harris Dickinson).（1）What can we learn from this passage? A. Ewan McGregor plays a role in Doctor Sleep. B. Taika Waititi is the main character in Jojo Rabbit. C. Gemini Man is adapted from a 20-yem--old TV series. D. The real wicked character in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil is Aurora. （2）If your friend wants to see a horror movie, which one will you recommend? A. Gemini Man B. Jojo Babbit C. Doctor Sleep D. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil 【答案】（1）A （2）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四部电影。 （1）考查细节理解。根据Doctor Sleep部分中的“Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy w ith psychic powers in 1980 film.”可知Ewan McGregor在电影Doctor Sleep扮演Danny Torrance的角色。故选A。
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。
3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。
2013高考英语阅读七选五(六选五)真题特色题型分类讲解
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高考英语阅读理解篇全汇总版
小希老师给同学们总结了2018高考英语真题所有阅读理解的A篇，适合高中各个年级的学生练习及备考使用。 【全国Ⅰ卷】 A Washington, . Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, . Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability – and the cherry blossoms – disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, . Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, . Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for . newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, . in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案)
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（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
考吧网2013年高考英语阅读理解练习及答案(3)
Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that man and animals possess if they are used. If fire didn’t hurt when it burned, children would play with it until their hands were burned away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear didn’t, a child could burn itself again and again because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldier—and some do exist—is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which man and animals might soon die out. In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead, to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well. In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you cannot prevent an airplane crashing into your house, and you may not want to go and live in a desert where there are no airplanes. In this case, fear has given you its warning, you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of the particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it. 1. Children would play with fire until their hands are burnt away if _________. A. they were not well educated at school B. they had never played with fire before C. they had no sense of pain D. they were fearful of pain 2. People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding danger because _________.
2018年高考英语真题分类汇编专题12：议论文类阅读理解
2018年高考英语真题分类汇编专题12：议论 文类阅读理解 一、阅读理解 1. （2018?卷Ⅱ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 D We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. What's the problem? It's possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. "Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them." In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband," says Dunn. "But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also." Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense
新高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编(70)
2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（70） 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 “Experience may possibly be the best teacher,but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words,but they actually come from James March,a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March(possibly the wisest philosopher of management)has studied how humans think and act,and he continues to do so in his new bookThe Ambiguities of Experience. He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning:“Experience is respected;experience is sought;experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及)serious complications(复杂化),ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book. In one interesting part of the book,for example,he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented,the less understandable the story,and the more understandable the stor y,the less realistic it is.” Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher,March is also a poet,and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short,it is demanding:Don’t pick it up lookin g for quick,easy lessons. Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life. 1. According to the text,James March is. A. a poet who uses experience in his writing B. a teacher who teaches story writing in university C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions 2. According to James March,experience. A. is overvalued B. is easy to explain C. should be actively sought D. should be highly respected