新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案word版本
<<<<<<精品资料》》》》》Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1. How many states are there in the Un ited States? And which two states are geographically separated from the others? (50, Alaska, Hawaii)2. What are the gen eral characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachia n Mountains.1) To the west of Atla ntic coastal plain lie the Appalachia n Mountains that begi n in Can ada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with roun ded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceed ing 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are low eno ugh to be easily crossed by moder n highways. The Appalachia ns have much beautiful sce nery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tenn essee Rivers flow dow n the western slopes of the Appalachia ns to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America.2) To the west of the Great Plai ns lie the Rocky Mountains, “ the backb one of the continentmountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continen tal Divide, or Great Divide, the most importa nt watershed on the con ti nent. The Rockies are more tha n twice as high as the Appalachia ns and high eno ugh to receive more rain tha n the surro unding pla ins and plateaus. Con seque ntly, they are mostly forested. The strik ing and varied sce nery of the Rockies has give n rise to the establishme nt of many n atio nal parks here. The other n atural won ders in clude roam ing herds of buffalo, elk, deer, an telope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear.Chapter 2 America n Populati on1. Why is the United States knownas a “ meltipgt ”？It means that the US is composed of immigra nts from differe nt n ati ons all over the world.①The people of the US are predo minan tly white.②The sec ond most nu merous min ority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came fromAfrica.③America n In dia ns were the orig inal in habita nts on the con ti nent.④There were about 50.5 millio n Hispa nics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spani sh-speak ing immigrants from Lat in America n coun tries.⑤The Chin ese America n have proved to be in dustrious and in tellige nt.2. What factors cause the America ns to move freque ntly within the Un ited States?①The desire for econo mic betterme nt is gen erally the most importa nt force in duci ng migrati on.②Geographic differe nee in econo mic opport uni ty, as reflected by such factors as differe nces inemployment opportunities a nd earning power for worker血nd differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers.③Nonecono mic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, in flue ncing migrati on.3. Why do many America ns now migrate from cities to suburbs?①The widespread uses of automobiles and the con struct ion of express highways made it possible forpeople to live farther away from their jobs.②The teleph one reduced the n eed for them to work or live in close proximity to one ano ther.③Suburba n areas offered more liv ing space tha n cities, lower crime rates, less polluti on, and superiorschools. It is gen erally believed that they are better place for raisi ng childre n.Chapter 3 Discovery and Coloni zati on of the New World1. Discuss the pre-Columbia n cultures in the Americas.1) The Aztecs of Mexico2) The Incas of Peru3) The In dia ns of North America<<<<<<精品资料》》》》》4) In dia n con tributi ons to Europea n culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitaria n objects2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great in flue nee in the world at that time?Because Europe was the n poor and politically fragme nted. It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. I n short, Europe was the n in capable of resp onding to the Norse discoveries.3. Why did so many English people move to the New World in the l7 century?1) The New World was a great and rich land. In the New World there were all those resources n ecessary for agricultural and in dustrial developme nt.2) During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), the English in growing numbers realized that the New World was their best place to make their fortun es, and to worship and live accordi ng to their beliefs.3) Some of them might move to America to leave oppressive political institutions, to escape burdensome church duties, to acquire large Ian dhold ings or merely to cha nge their gen eral patter n of liv ing. Of course, material gai n was a com mon factor.4. What was the social structure of the13 coloni es?Society in the 13 colonies was like a pyramid.①The top was made up of mercha nts and Ian dlords.②The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa. And n ative In dia ns.5. Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days?As for Indians, they could not put up with slavery. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe members would fight to free him. So the colo ni alists soon gave up the attempt to use them as slave labor. I nstead they seized the land of the In dia ns and drove them away or killed them.Chapter 4 America n Revoluti on2. What happe ned on the eve ning of March 5, 1770?A clash betwee n America n colonies and British soldiers took place in Bost on.①A group of un employed laborer attacked a British sentry stati oned at the Bost on customhouse.②Whe n the British soldiers dispatched to help the sentry arrived, they met a rapidly grow ing, angry crowd.③Some one gave the comma nd for the soldiers to fire.④Three colonies were killed and several were woun ded, two of whom later died.3. How did the colonies react to the Town she nd Act?The colonies, however, still rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the right to tax them without consent and reacted to these new duties by refus ing to import any of the taxed goods.4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence?①The Preamble, which explains why the Declaration was issued.②A statement of principles of government to which the American people were committed③A list of injustices suffered by the colonists.④A summary of efforts the colonies had made to avoid a break with the mother country.⑤The proclamation is that theColonies are Free and Independent States5. What was the importa nee of the victory at Saratoga?The victory and Saratoga wa a turning point f the war. It further heightened the spirit of the Americans but more importa ntly it caused action abroad t was after this battle that the French agreed to join the war against Britain Later Spa in and Holla nd joined France while nost of the other European powers<<<<<<精品资料》》》》》formed an Armed Neutrality to protect their commerce from Britain .' s naval powerChapter 5 the Con federati on and the Con stituti on1. What is con federati on?A con federati on is a gover nment in which the con stitue nt gover nmen ts, called states in the US, create a cen tral gover nment by con stituti onal compact but do not give it power to regulate the con duct of in dividuals.2. Compare the powers of the gover nments un der the Articles of Con federati on and the Con stituti on.3. What does the “ check and bala nee ” mean?It means that each branch of gover nmen t-executive, legislative, or judicial-must exercise disti net powers and be selected in a distinct way, and that each branch must be able to c heck and b alanee” the others if one branch grew too powerful and sought to domin ate the others.4. What was the Bill of Rights?It guaranteed freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and the press; the right to bear arms; freedom from un reas on able search; and the right to the protect ion of certa in legal procedures known as the due process of law.5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812?①The British were not rec on ciled to the loss of their thirtee n coloni es. Usi ng Can ada as the base, they always challe nged to battle with the young Republic.②This an ger reaches its peak in 1807 whe n one British warship attached and boarded in America n ship, killi ng and wounding 21me n and impress ing four sailors.③Jeffers on persuaded Con gress to pass an Embargo Act, which forbade all ships, except foreig n ones without charge, to leave America n ports.Chapter 6 America n Expa nsion and the Civil War1. What was the importa nee of the Monroe Doctri ne?The esse nee was America for America ns”,which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign police s the New world developed in the years ahead this Doctri ne became more meanin gful and was stre ngthe ned by a broader in terpretatio n to meet the n eeds of an en ergetic and ambitious Un ited States.2. What were the basic causes of the Civil War?Two differe nt social-ec ono mic systems existed side by side in the Un ited States.In the South slavery was the foun dati on of the econo mic system while in the North i ndustry and commerce were the mai n character of its economy. The swiftly grow ing in dustries in the North required the restrictio n of slavery as well as an expanding territory in order to provide capitalist production with raw materials, markets and abundant labor supply.The slave economy in the South was an obstacleto industrial growth and expansion.This economic antagonism led to increased conflicts between the North and the South.3. What was the doctrine of the popular sovereignty”？This doctrine means that the inhabitants of the new territories can decide the question of slavery for themselves. In appearanee, it seemed fair, but in actual practice, as far as slavery was concerned, the doctri ne did not work.4. How do you comme nt on the America n Civil War?The outcome of the war placed the n orther n capitalists in solid eon trol of the federal gover nment of the US capitalism .In 1865, the Thirtee nth Ame ndme nt to the US Con stituti on was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the Un ited States.Chapter 7 Recon struct ion and the Birth of US Imperialism1. What is the 10 perce nt pla n?The pla n provided that as soon as 10 perce nt of voters in any state had take n the oath of loyalty, they could form their own gover nment and would be en titled to the recog niti on of their state by the preside nt of the Un ited States.2. Why was An drew Joh nson impeached by the House?In March 1867, Con gress passed two Acts that took away two preside ntial prerogatives: the right to remove Cabinet members and the right to remove army officers un der his comma nd.To test the con stituti on ality of the Act, Preside nt An drew Joh nson removes Edwin M. Sta nto n, the Secretary of War, from office in 1869, who was the on ly remai ning Radical in Joh nso'Cab in et.He thus walked in to troubles with the radicals. Later the House voted to impeach the Preside nt.3. After the Recon structi on, how were the civil rights of the Blacks in the South?①Voters must be able to read and write;②Voti ng taxes were in troduced;③The whites also took steps to segregate the blacks and two separate societies emerged in the South.4. Why did the US have a rapid in dustrial growth after the Civil War?① The vast in dustrial developme nt bega n with the ope ning the West.②Speedi ng this process of western settleme nt were ths ailroads③Science and technolog/y ere also greatly marchi ng forward.④The basicindustry of the nation, iron and steel, also developed rapidly after the Civil War ⑤ The oil industry also developed rapidly.⑥During the latter part of the 19th in dustry, industrial expansioi in America went ahead rapidly.⑦There was a clear in dicati on ofr apid concentration of capital6. What was the Open Door Policy”？The so-called Open Door Policy” which demanded that all the imperialist powers should enjoy equal cha nee in Chi na as freely as other aggressors.。
英美国家概况课后题及答案Word版
Chapter 21.The British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.(T)2.The Celts became the dominant group in Britain between the 8th and 5th centuries BC.(T)3.The name of Britain came from a Celtic tribe--- the Britons.(T)4.The Anglo--Saxons came to Britain in the mid--5th century.(T)5.The chief or king of the Anglo--Saxon tribes exercised power at their own will.(F)6.The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.(T)7.Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.(T)8.The Magna Carta was designed to protect the rights of both the privileged class and the townspeople.(F)9.The Hundred Years' War was a series of wars fought between England and Normans foe trade and territory.(F)10.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Religious Reformation.(T)1. The D attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410.A. NormanB. DanishC. CelticD. Germanic2.By the late 7th century, D became the dominant religion in England.A. Celtic ChristianityB. Anglo-Saxon ChristianityC. Germanic ChristianityD. Roman Christianity3.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of B .A. St. AugustineB. Edward the ConfessorC. William the ConquerorD. Alfred the Great4.The C marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Viking invasionB. signing of the Magna CartaC. Norman ConquestD. Adoption of common law5.The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of C .A. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster6.The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort toA .A. divorce his wifeB. break with RomeC. support the ProtestantsD. declare his supreme power over the church7.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between B .A. Protestants and PuritansB. Royalists and ParliamentariansC. nobles and peasantsD. aristocrats and Christians8. A was passed after the Glorious Revolution.A. Bill of RightsB. Act of SupremacyC. Provisions of OxfordD. Magna Carta9.The Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain by the middle of the Ccentury.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20th10.Britain faced strong challenges in its global imperial dominance by the beginning of theD century.A. 17thB. 18thC. 19thD. 20thChapter 31.Conventions are regarded less important than common law in the working of theBritish government.(F)2.The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history.(F)3.In reality,the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers.(F)4.British Parliament is the law--making body of the Commonwealth of Nations.(F)5.Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal are all members in the British Upper House.(T)6.The members in the House of Commons are appointed rather than elected.(F)7.The British Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament.(T)8.Cabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from various political parties in Parliament.(F)9.British law consists of two parts,the civil law and the criminal law.(T)10.The legal systems in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are muchsimilar in terms of law, organization and practice.(F)1. The British government is characterized by a division of powers between three ofthe following branches with the exception of the C .A. judiciaryB. legislatureC. monarchyD. executive2.The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on D .A.passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude3.As a revising chamber, the House of Lords is expected to B the Houseof Commons.A. rivalB. complementC. criticizeD. inspect4.British Cabinet works on the principle of A .A. collective responsibilityB. individual responsibilityC. defending the collectivismD. defending the individuals5.The main duty of the British Privy Council is to B .A. make decisionsB. give adviceC. pass billsD. supervise the Cabinet6.In Britain, the parliamentary general election is held every C years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. six7. C has a distinct legal system based on Roman law.A. WalesB. EnglandC. ScotlandD. Northern Ireland8.Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a B system.A. single-partyB. two-partyC. three-partyD. multi-party9.The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism andD .A. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism10.The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it A .A. set up the National Health ServiceB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD.enhanced the economic development Chapter 41.Britain was the first industrialized nation in the world.(T)2.The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period.(T)3.Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economic development in Britain.(F)4.Thatcher's revolution turned out to be a great success in dealing with all the British econimic and social problems.(F)5.The economic approach adopted by Tony Blair is different from that of the Labor party and the Conservative Party.(T)6.Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy.(T)7.Britain is the world's leading exporter of poultry and dairy products.(F)8.The fishing industry provides more than 50%of Britain's demand for fish.(T)9.Britain is an important oil exporter since its oil industry has a long history.(F)10.Nuclear power is one of the major energy sources in Britain.(T)1. The British economy achieved global dominance by the C .A. 1860sB. 1870sC. 1880sD.1890s2.In B , the British Parliament passed two important acts to establish awelfare state.A. 1945B. 1946C. 1947D. 19483.The A in the early 1970s worsened an already stagnant economy inBritain.A. oil crisisB. high inflation ratesC. large importsD. unemployment problem4.Of the following practices, C does not belong to Thatcher’s socialwelfare reform.A. reducing child benefitsB. shortening the unemployment benefits periodC. reducing the unemploymentD. lowering old age pensions5.The Blair government has been successful in all the following aspects exceptD .A. limiting government spendingB. keeping inflation under controlC. reducing unemploymentD. reducing inequality6.Britain has devoted C of its land area to agriculture.A. 54%B. 64%C. 74%D.84%7.Britain’s important fishing areas include all the following except D .A. the North SeaB. the English ChannelC. The sea area around IrelandD. The sea area between Britain and Ireland8.Coal mining industry in Britain provides B of the energy consumed inthe country.A. 1/3B. 1/4C. 1/5D. 2/39.The car industry in Britain in mostly A .A. foreign-ownedB. state-ownedC. joint-ventureD. privately-owned10.Of the following sectors in Britain, C has experienced spectaculargrowth since the end of Word War II.A. AgricultureB. energy industryC. service industryD.manufacturing industry Chapter 51.The British government has been responsible for education since the early 1800s.(F)cation in Britain is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15.(F)3.The National Curriculum is compulsory in both the state system and the independent system.(F)4.When children finish their schooling at 16, they are required to take a national GCSE examination.(T)5.Graduates from state schools in Britain have a less favorable chance to enter famous universities than those from independent schools.(T)6.In the 1960s, a large number of new universities were founded in Britain.(T)7.Most British people begin their day with reading the morning newspaper and end it watching television in the evening.(T)8.The Times is the world's oldest national newspaper(F)9.The BBC World Service broadcasts only in English throughout the world.(F)10.Some British holidays are celebrated to mark the important events of the Christian calendar, and others are related to local customs and traditions.(T)1. In Britain, the division between grammar schools and vocational schools were ended by the introduction of comprehensive schools in the D .A. 1930sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s2.About B of British children receive primary and secondary educationthrough the independent system.A. 5%B. 6%C. 7%D. 8%3.Partially funded by central government grants, the British universities receivetheir remaining funds from all the following sources except B .A. tuition feesB. loansC. donationsD.corporate contributions4.Of the following, A is NOT a basis of admission to Britain’suniversities.A. result in national entrance testB. A-level resultC. an interviewD. school references5.To be admitted to the Open University, one need B .A. some educational qualificationsB. no educational qualificationsC. General Certificate of Education-AdvancedD.General National V ocationalQualifications6.Among Britain’s quality press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “BigThree” with the exception of C .A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. The ObserverD. The Daily Telegraph7.Life on Earth is a kind of C program produced by the BBC and ispopular among 500 million viewers worldwide.A. featureB. dramaC. documentaryD. soap opera8. D is Britain’s top pay television provider.A. BSBB. SkyTVC. BBCD. BSkyB9.Of the following, D is NOT a common feature of all the Britishholidays.A. families getting togetherB. friends exchanging good wishesC. friends enjoying each other’s companyD. families traveling overseas10.The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except A .A. Trooping the ColorB. Queen’s Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomimeChapter 91.America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who arrived on the new continent after Columbus.(T)2.The second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia, and the Continental Army and Navy were founded under the command of Thomas Jefferson.(F)3.The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation.(T)4.Many American people approved of the Vietnam War.(F)5.During Clinton's term, the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment.(T)6.In 1990, American troops and the troops from allied nations launched Operation Desert Storm in order to drive Iraqi troops out of Kuwait.(T)7.According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for the terrorist event on September11,2001.(F)8.The America government regarded Iraq a nation among the "axis of evil".(T)9.On March 19,2003,American and United Nation's troops, supported by several other countries, began an invasion of Iraq.(F)10.Although the combat operations in Iraq are over, it is still hard for America to decide when to withdraw its army.(T)1.The first successful English colony in North America was founded at C in .A. Jamestown, LouisianaB. Boston, MassachusettsC. Jamestown, VirginiaD. Plymouth, Georgia2.Pilgrim Fathers are a group of B who came to America to avoidpersecution in England.A. ProtestantsB. PuritansC. CatholicsD. Christians3.The Seven Years’ War occurred between the C .A. French and American IndiansB. French and SpaniardsC. French and BritishD. British and American Indians4.“No taxation without representation” was the rallying slogan of D .A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies5.The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in B .A. ConcordB. LexingtonC. PhiladelphiaD. Boston6.In May 1775, B was held in Philadelphia and began to assume thefunctions of a national government.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Boston Tea PartyD. the Congress of Confederation7.Abraham Lincoln issued C to grant freedom to all slaves.A. Declaration of IndependenceB. ConstitutionC. Emancipation ProclamationD. Bill of Rights8.The policy of the United States was A at the beginning of the two worldwars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement9.President C applied New Deal to deal with the problems of the GreatDepression.A. WilsonB. TrumanC. RooseveltD. Kennedy10.The Vietnam War was a long-time suffering for Americans, and it continuedthroughout the terms of Presidents D .A. Johnson, Nixon and FordB. Truman, Eisenhower and KennedyC. Kennedy, Johnson and NixonD. Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson Chapter 101.Bill of Rights was written into the Constitution in 1787.(F)2.The form of American government is based on three main principles: federalism, the separation of powers, and respect for the Constitution and the rule of law.(T)3.The U.S. Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords.(F)4.Certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress.(T)5.The judicial branch of the federal government consists of a series of courts: the Supreme Court, the courts of appeals and the district courts.(T)6.Like Britain, the United States has a two--party system.(T)7.The Democratic Party is conservative in terms of its ideology.(F)8.American presidential campaign adheres to the "winner-take-all" practice.(T)9.American foreign policy throughout the World War II was neutrality.(F)10.American foreign policy during the Cold War period was containment and intervention.(T)1.The U. S. Constitution came into effect in B .A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 17932.The Constitution of the United States C .A. gives the most power to CongressB. gives the most power to the PresidentC. tries to give each branch enough power to balance the othersD. gives the most power to the Supreme Court3.The Bill of Rights B .A. defines the rights of Congress and the rights of the PresidentB. guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights and freedomsC. is part of the Declaration of IndependenceD. has no relationship with the Constitution4.The following except B are guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.A. freedom of religionB. the right to get into people’s house by policeC. freedom of speech and of pressD. the right to own one’s weapon if one wishes5.All the following except C cannot make legislative proposal.A. the SenatorB. the RepresentativeC. the Secretary of StateD. the President6.The following except C are all powers of the President.A. vetoing any bills passed by CongressB. appointing federal judges when vacancies occurC. making lawsD. issuing executive orders7.According to the Constitution, a candidate for President must be D .A. at least 35 years oldB. at least a 14 years’ resident of the United StatesC. born in AmericaD. all of the above8.The terms for a Senator and Representative are D and yearsrespectively.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two9.The Supreme Court is composed of D justices.A. sixB. sevenC. eightD. nine10.The President is directly voted into office by C .A. all citizens of AmericaB. the citizens over 18 years oldC. electors elected by the votersD. the senators and representatives Chapter 111.America is the world's largest industrial nation.(T)2.America has a mixed economy and the government has little control over businesses.(F)3.Charter companies contributed to Britain's successful colonization of the U.S.(T)4.In the U.S. Constitution, the recognition of the importance of "intellectual property" could be identified.(T)5.Although slavery was abolished as a result of the Civil War, the owners of plantation in the South made more profits from selling their agriculture products.(F)6.President Roosevelt's New Deal had little effect in dealing with the economic crisis in the early 1930s.(F)7.The 1960s was a period of consolidation for the American businesses.(F)8.American agricultural exports outweigh imports, leaving a surplus in the agricultural balance of trade.(T)9.Auto production is one of the important sectors in American manufacturing industry.(T)10.The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade.(F)1.America produces a major portion of the world’s products in the following fields except C .A. machineryB. automobilesC. oreD. chemicals2.The modern American economy progressed from C to , andeventually, to .A. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyC. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy3.Chartered companies were NOT granted the D by the British King orQueen.A. political authorityB. economic rightsC. judicial authorityD. diplomatic authority4.The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge ofD .A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Andrew JacksonD. Alexander Hamilton5.The following inventions took place during the “second industrial revolution”except D .A. typewriterB. telephoneC. electric lightD. refrigerator6.President Johnson tried to build a “Great Society”by introducing variousprograms like the following except D .A. MedicareB. Food StampsC. Education InitiativesD. Unemployment Pension7.About B of American crops are for export.A. halfB. one thirdC. one fourthD. one fifth8.The following statements are all true except B .A. Agribusinesses reflect the big, corporate nature of many farm enterprises.B. Agribusinesses maintain a balanced trade pattern between agricultural importsand exports.C. Agribusinesses range from one-family corporations to multinational firms.D. Agribusinesses include a variety of farm businesses and structures.9. D is not one of the three giants in American automobile industry.A.FordB. General MotorsC. ChryslerD. American Motors。
英美概况课后练习答案
Britain version2.0Part One Geography Chapter I A brief introduction tophysical geographyWhere is the U. K. ? And what is it made up of? What is its total area?- The U.K. is situated in Northwestern Europe, lying to the north of France and the west of the Netherlands and Denmark. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Its total area is 242 534 square kilometers.What are the present features of the climate of Britain?- Britain has a maritime c1imate-- winters are not too cold and summers are: not too hot. Therefore, its temperature varies within a small range, rarely falling below -5'C in winter or rising about 24'C in summer. Sunshine hours are fewer in more southerlyclimatesThe "backbone of England": It refers to the Pennines, a range of hills extending about 257 km southward from the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border to central England.What percentage of the country's water requirements are obtained from underground sources?- About 38% of the country's water requirements depend on underground sources.Chapter III EconomyWhat are the characteristics of the British economy?- The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized. Britain was one of the world's most advanced manufacturing and trading nations. The pound sterling is the exchange currency for about one third of the world'sforeign trade. The agriculture does not produce enough food to meet the country's basic needs and part of all vital foodstuffs has to be imported. The labor force is homogeneous.Chapter V The Main Cities Which city is the capital of England and Great Britain? Is it the political centre of the Commonwealth?- London is the capital of England, and it is also the political centre of the Commonwealth.What does London consist of administratively?- London administratively consists of the city of London, the original nucleus, retaining a medieval system of government of courts of aldermen and an elected lord mayor; and Greater London a metropolitan county, made up of Inner London boroughs and 20 Outer London boroughs.Greater London: It is a metropolitan county (pop. 7 million), made up of 12 Inner London boroughs, 20 Outer London boroughs.Part Three CultureChapter I EducationHow many years does a pupil study at a primary state school?- Six years, from the age of five to eleven.Which type of schools enrolls the top pupils at secondary education?- Grammar schools enrolls the top pupils at secondary education.How many types of universities are there in Britain? Which two universities are the most famous ones? - There are five types: 1) old universities, 2) the four Scottish universities, 3): the middle-aged universities, 4) the new universities, 5) the Open University, and BuckinghamUniversity (independent university). Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest and the most famous in the world. How are" public" schools financed?- Public schools in the UK are financed mainly by fees paid by parents and private funds.Eton College: It is one of the largest independent secondary schools in England and one of the most prestigious.How do you understand "Marriage signifies the beginning of a new and independent family"?- British society is based on family life and the family is a self-contained economic and social unit with mother, father and children living together alone in their own house. So marriage signifies the beginning of a new and independent family.How do the newlyweds solve theproblem of housing?- 1) They look through advertisements to find a house for rent. 2) They may mortgage a house through a building society. 3) If they have enough money they may buy a house, but this seldom happens.What is the first course of an English lunch? Do you think it similar or different from the Chinese way of serving food?- The first course of an English lunch is a small quantity of soup. It is different from the Chinese way of serving food. In China this is usually the last course. Can you show us an example of the conservative characteristic of the British people?- One example is that the British people have been slow adopting rational reforms, such as the metric system. Some people say that the Englishman islike a cold fish that has just come out of the ice. What do you think of that?- This may be true. The British people are cold by nature. They do not show their feelings very much and do not show their emotion if they are very happy and neither do they if they are sad. For example, when you work at a factory, the guy whom you work with never tells you anything about himself. You may work with him for years, yet you even don't know where he lives, how many children he has and what his interests are.fierce individualism: It is the idea that the rights and freedom of the individual are the most important rights. exclusiveness: This is the best-known quality of the British people. It means, " I am English. You stay away from me.I am exclusive. I am quite happy to be: myself. I do not need you. Leave mealone. "Chapter III Customs and Habits What did John Bull denote in the seventeenth century and what is his image?- John Bull denotes Britain or any Englishman in the 17th century. His image is short and fat, with a tall hat on his head and pair of boots on his feet. Why does an Englishman like to talk about the weather?- There are probably two reasons. One is the uncertainty of the weather. Another reason is that weather is a subject which is quite safe, friendly to talk. about.What are the three "Don'ts"? And three "ings"?- Three "Don'ts": Don't jump up the queue. Don't ask a woman's age. Don't try to bargain in Britain when you do shopping.Three" Ings": betting, drinking and tipping.J ohn Bull: It is the nickname of England or a typical Englishman. Chapter IV Holidays and Festivals How long approximately do the industrial workers have for holidays?- The industrial workers have at least four weeks' paid holiday.How do the English people usually spend holidays?- They usually spend their holidays at the resorts of the seaside. There they have swimming, bathing, or have other kinds of amusement, such as shooting, roundabouts, watching a beauty contest, going to a concert or a party. And some of the people go abroad for sightseeing. What festival is the greatest in Britain? What is its significance and at what time is it celebrated?- Christmas Day is the greatest festivalin Britain. Its significance• is to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ which is on December 25. Christmas: Christmas Day is on December 25, which is the greatest of the Christian festivals, commemorating it as the birth of Jesus Christ. It is basically, a home or family festival. Those who live away try to get back home to: celebrate the day with the family. People send presents; cards to each other especially children have their presents from Santa Claus. People usually have al sumptuous dinner, many kinds of amusement.Chapter V Wages and Social Benefits How long is the standard working week usually in Britain?- The standard working week is usually thirty-five and forty hours, and often spread over five days, from Monday to Friday.What is the difference between wages and Salary?- Wages is payment made or received for work or services, usually week in cash. Salary is payment for regular work, usually monthly.How many kinds of pensions in the United Kingdom?- There are mainly six kinds of pensions in the United Kingdom. They are Occupational Pension, Personal Pension, State Pension, Pension Credit, Over 80 Pension and Stakeholder Pension.What are the three main groups of Christianity? Which group does the Church of England belong to?- The three groups of Christianity are Catholicism, the Orthodox Eastern Church, and Protestantism. The Church of England belongs to Protestantism.What are the main features and tendencies of religion in Britain?- The main features are: 1) There is no "Christian" political party, no anti-religious or anti-clerical party either. 2) There is a widespread interest in religion. The main tendencies of religion in Britain are 1) the unity among the churches, 2) more social, 3) up-to-date.What are Crown's constitutional rights? - The Queen appointed all ministers in the Government. She summons, prologues and dissolves Parliament. She concludes treaties and declares war. In the new session she makes the opening speech and outlines her government's programme. She gives her assent to bills before they become law. She confers peerages and other honors.What is the core of the leadership ofthe British government?- The Cabinet is the core of the leadership of the British government. What does the Cabinet consist of?- The Cabinet consists of the Prime Minister, the Lord President of the Privy council, the heads of the most important Departments and a few ministers without portfolios.。
英美概况课后题答案简答题
• 1. How is the American population distributed
• The distribution of the American population is rather uneven. The most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The Great Plains have a comparatively small population. The South also has a population of almost 57.5 million. The West is not densely populated expect for some metropolitan center like Los Angeles and San Francisco. It has about 20%of the nation’s population.
• 1. How does an American university choose its applicants
• American universities choose applicants on the basis of : a their high school records; b recommendations from their high school teachers; c the impression they make during interviews at the university; d their scores on the SAT.
• 2. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture
新编英美概况许鲁之（第四版）Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案
Chapter 4 American Revolu on
2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770? A clash between American colonies and Bri sh soldiers took place in Boston.
①The people of the US are predominantly white. ②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came from
Africa.
from La n American countries.
⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.
2. What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States?
3. Why do many Americans now migrate from ci es to suburbs?
①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construc on of express highways made it possible for
新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)课后习题选择填空
新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)课后习题选择填空1. 课程简介本文档是根据《新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)》编写的课后习题选择填空。
该课程是许鲁之教授在英美历史和文化方面的经典教材之一，通过本文档的学习和练习，读者可以更好地理解和掌握相关知识点。
2. 选择填空题2.1. 第一部分：英国概况1.哪一位国王被认为是英国“现代化建设的推动者”?– A. 亨利八世– B. 亨利七世– C. 伊丽莎白一世– D. 维多利亚女王2.英国哪个城市被称为“工业革命的摇篮”?– A. 伦敦– B. 曼彻斯特– C. 利物浦– D. 伯明翰3.英国的民主制度以哪个文件为基础?– A. 大宪章– B. 1689年权利法案– C. 《英国的民主传统》– D. 《英国的自由原则》4.英格兰哪位国王正式建立了英国教会?– A. 亨利八世– B. 威廉一世– C. 亨利七世– D. 爱德华六世5.英国是欧洲历史上第一个工业化国家，其工业革命始于哪个时期?– A. 16世纪– B. 17世纪– C. 18世纪– D. 19世纪2.2. 第二部分：美国概况1.第一次旅行到美洲的欧洲人是谁?– A. 克里斯多福·哥伦布– B. 弥尔顿·费尔南德斯·迪阿齐·巴尔博亚– C. 约翰·卡贝萨·德巴卡– D. 亨利·亨廷顿2.美国独立战争爆发于哪一年?– A. 1620– B. 1765– C. 1776– D. 17873.美国的第一部宪法是什么?– A. 《独立宣言》– B. 《权利法案》– C. 《美国宪法》– D. 《联邦党人文集》4.南北战争爆发于哪一年?– A. 1803– B. 1861– C. 1889– D. 19045.美国内战是因为什么原因?– A. 北方州主张废除奴隶制– B. 南方州主张扩大奴隶制– C. 为了争夺西部领土– D. 统一国家领土3. 结语通过上述习题选择填空的练习，读者可以更好地掌握《新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)》中关于英国和美国的重要知识点。
英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案
英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案简介《英美概况》是一本全面介绍英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济和社会现象的教材。
第四版上册是其最新版本，为了帮助读者更好地掌握教材内容，本文主要介绍了《英美概况》第四版上册的课后练习题及其答案。
课后练习题第一章马恩列斯主义的世界影响1.为什么20世纪初期，马克思主义在俄国和中国得到了很多支持者？答案：在俄国和中国，工业化程度较低，社会阶级结构明显，人民处于经济和政治上的不利地位，马克思主义提供了一种解释和改变社会状况的思想和方法，因此在这些国家得到了很多支持者。
2.马恩列斯主义的三个基本组成部分是什么？答案：哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义是马克思主义的三个基本组成部分。
第二章英美宪政制度的深层问题1.英美宪政制度的两个特点是什么？答案：一是权力均衡制度的实行，二是国家最高权力代表制度的实行。
2.英国议会制度的基本形式是什么？答案：英国议会制度的基本形式是下院和上院的双院制。
第三章英国的政治体系及其现状1.请简要介绍英国两大主要政党的区别。
答案：英国两大主要政党是保守党和工党。
保守党主张经济自由主义、传统价值观和强硬外交政策，工党主张社会民主主义、平等和国际主义。
2.英国各地区的议员数目是不同的，为什么？答案：英国根据各地区的人口数确定议员数目，保证各地区在议会中的代表权重相当。
第四章美国的政治体系及其现状1.美国总统、参议员和众议员的任期分别是多久？答案：美国总统任期为4年，参议员任期为6年，众议员任期为2年。
2.美国政治体系中的分权制度是什么？答案：美国政治体系中的分权制度是各州与中央政府之间权力的分立和制衡，各州政府在一定范围内有独立的权力。
结语以上是《英美概况》第四版上册的部分课后练习题及其答案。
本文仅供参考，读者们可以通过这些练习题，更好地掌握教材的内容。
英美概况课后习题答案
1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons a nd the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 markedthe beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarterof the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuitionfees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of themare regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ? The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrantscame in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese a ir raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.-known contributions during his presidency?2. What were Nixon’s wella) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?led for reductions in income taxes and business taxes Reagan’s economic program calin order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore,they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing thefruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and becamea powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or nationallaws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rightslaws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffereda recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policieseconomic development on its right mentioned above helped to set the country’scourse, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abusesof the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
新编英美概况许鲁之课后答案
Chapter 11-8 CDBACBBB二．1.Canada Mexico the Cuff of Mexico Atlantic Ocean The Pacific Ocean2.The Atlantic seacoast west to the Appalachians The Mississippi River Basin The Rockies west to the Pacific3.flat fertile4.productive fruits vegetables5.Louisiana Texas Texas Oklahoma California insufficient 40%6.little fresh 12% richest productiveChapter21-8CBDACDCB二．1.third2. 1875 permanent residence morality race national origin skilled relatives 270,000 7000,000675,0003.indentured servants slaves 1863 South poverty line4.industrious intelligent model minoritytwice1-8DABBBCDC二1.Portuguese the Cape of God Hope Spain the Caribbean West Indians2.Amerigo West Indians3.the Virginia Coast pilgrims May flower Compact4.a.appointed by the English king b.under proprietors who themselves chose the governorsc.select governors under self-governing charters5.fishing shipbuilding breadbasket wheat potatoes plantation tobacco cottonChapter41-8BBCDDDBA二1.control complement2.France Currency Stamp3.seaport and Provincial town Stamp violent4.1774 peaceful give boycott5.1776 the first declaration of the rights of the individual6.7 1781 1783 Mississippi RiverGreat Lakes Florida slaves1-8DDDCBDC二．1.legislature executive judicial tax2.1787 55 Rhode Island George Washington3.opposed decentralized4.1788 John Adams Alexander Hamilton Tomas Jefferson5.Louisiana purchase 828000 doubled6. second war of Independence 3 unity patriotism semi-colonial independent（注：专业文档是经验性极强的领域，无法思考和涵盖全面，素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。
《最新英美概况》练习参考答案解析[美国部分](可编辑修改word版)
《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================================P A R T T W O T h e U n i t e d S t a t e sC h a p t e r E i g h t T h e L a n dP.209—210I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2.the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3.The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4.June, 14th, June 14th.5.the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6.36, 36 states.7.Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8.Pierre L’Enfant,light, service.II C h oo s e t h e a n s w e r t h a t b e s t c o m p l e t e s t h e s e n t e n c e.1.C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII D e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s T R U E:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.(1) At first the Continent was named as “America”after explorerAmerigo Vespucci.(2)During the American War of Independence, the former British coloniesfirst used “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3)T he official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2.The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent theoriginal thirteen colonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3.The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent theoriginal thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4.(1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of FortMcHenry”, a poem written during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2)The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, andwas made the national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which wassigned by President Herbert Hoover.5.The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it was repainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P.213I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2.48, Hawaii, Alaska.3.the Rio Grande, Pacific.4.9,629,091, the third, Canada.5.Alaska, Texas.6.Arctic, glaciers.II D e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s T R U E:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.(1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provide convenientsea routes for foreign trade.(2)The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorableconditions for foreign trade and the fishing industry.(3)Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, isfavorable for agriculture.2.The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” Theborder was demilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful.Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high militaryinterdependency, in particular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the same language, similar religion and political systems as well as manyvalues.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading partner for years) that the two countries have established the North American Free Trade Agreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone.Both enjoy the most developed and richest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’s welfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but also unnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither people worry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in their country for a long time.3.The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on theAmerican side) against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S.(2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S. are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world. Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S. deal with.4.Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is located between the Arcticand Pacific oceans, so it’s important for strategic position andtransportation.5.Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean,the best place to enjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P.221—222I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.ke Superior, Erie, Ontario.2.Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3.the Rockies, the father of waters.4.dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5.Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6.38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7.4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8.Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9.half, “Barn of America”,Great Lakes.10.dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II C h oo s e t h e a n s w e r t h a t b e s t c o m p l e t e s t h e s e n t e n c e.1.A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII D e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s T R U E:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United Statesconsisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2.The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. Themountains are relatively low, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3.It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400km. from the Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father of waters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4.They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of theworld’s fresh water. All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River. They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5.T h e G r e a t P l a i n stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies,and covers a distance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is still a cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the area is known as the “breadbasket” of America.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River. It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P.224--225I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.little, 63%.2.the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3.Bingham.4.1/3, Washington, Oregon.5.Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6.gold, gold, Gold Rush.II.R e s po n d t o t h e f o ll o w i n g i t e m s.1.America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has littletrouble with water shortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerous fertile valleys.2.About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forestsare in the states of Washington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3.In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, andthousands of immigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4.Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reservesare to be found in the Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and themost important mining area is in Minnesota.P.226--227I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2.temperate, tropical.3.temperate, north, hurricanes.4.maritime, distinct, similar.5.Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6.temperate, temperature.II A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone.But, owing to its large size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, the climate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2.New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with along cold winter, and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3.The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which isvery cold in winter and very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4.The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimesextremely cold; summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P.232I D e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s T R U E:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. T P.237I W r i t e do w n t h e n a m e s o f t h e p l a c e s a cc o r d i n g t o t h e p h o t o s.1.Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2.Niagara Fallss Vegas4.Red Rock Country5.The Grand Canyon6.DisneylandP.240I D e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s T R U E:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FC h a p t e r N i n e T h e P e op l e a n d T h e i r C u l t u r eP.243I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为 in 2012.)2.1%, high, below.3.urban, 250.4.northeastern part, 1/4, half.5.New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6.California, Texas.II A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.American population is characterized by variety in composition. The Whiteis the main stream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population.Hispanics 16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and AlaskaNatives 0.9%, and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2.The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, but almost 1/2 of the total population lives there.paring with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas, an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4.The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P.247--248I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3.African Americans, slaves.4.Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5.Texas, New Mexico.6.American Indians, Indian Reservations.II A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is acountry of many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures towards some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot” of the US and gradually forming a new nation.2.Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were drivenwestward to live in these barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent. In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3.The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half ofHispanic Americans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin. Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P.250--251I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1. 337, 176.2.Spanish, French.3.English, American.4.Spanish, Spanish.5.Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6.their native, English.II A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous,and 52 languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2.American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are somechanges in spelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3.Spanish is the second most common language in America. The United Statesholds the world’s fifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico. Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4.The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywoodand Miami, Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P.253--254I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.high adherence, diversity.2.Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3.30, Baptists, Methodists.4.Judaism, Chinese Americans.5.African Americans, African slaves.6.India, Asian countries.II A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.The principle of the separation of church and state comes from AmericanConstitution. The First Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2.Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life(politics, education, charity and culture) as well as in its international relations. American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights and criticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries;American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University < 燕京大学 >) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of Americaninternational relations. A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world, and many such values derive fromreligion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.3.Their basic beliefs include the love of learning; the worship of God out oflove, not out of fear; and the performing of the heartfelt good deeds without concerning about rewards.4.The major non-Christian religions include Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, andHinduism, etc.P.257I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.racial, cultural2.hard work3.formal class system4.“do-it-yourself”5.The Epic of AmericaP.261-262I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h n a m e s o f t h e h o li d a y s.New Year’s DayThe third Monday in January, Martin Luther King DayWashington’s Birthday, Presidents DayThe last Monday in May, American CivilIndependence Day, “Fourth of July”Columbus Day, Christopher ColumbusNovember 11The fourth Thursday in November, Thanksgiving DayDecember 25, Christmas Day, Jesus ChristP.264I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1. 19352.Franklin Roosevelt3.Aid to families with Dependent Children (AFDC)4.MedicareP.270I D e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s T R U E:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TP.275I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.Baseball2.American football3.the Dream Team4.the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, the US Open5.mixed martial artsP.279I D e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s T R U E:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TP.286-287I L i n k t h e f o ll o w i n g g r e a t n a m e s w i t h f a m o u s s a y i n g s b e l o w t h e m.B, A, J, D, F, C, E, I, G, HC h a p t e r T e n A B r i e f H i s t o r y o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s P.290-291I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1. a broad land bridge2.adapted to the different environments they lived in3.hunting, fishing4.collective5.A II C h oo s e t h e a n s w e r t h a t b e s t c o m p l e t e s t h e s e n t e n c e.1. D2. C3. C (书中 C 选项中的第四个词“no”删掉)4. C III D e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s T R U E:1. T2. F3. T4. T5. TIV A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.Menzies argued that Zhenghe discovered North America muchearlier than Columbus did. He presented many archeologicalfindings of Chinese articles in North America which were believed to be left behind by Zheng’s fleet.2.Some Native Americans tribes lived in the eastern woods, some inthe western deserts, others along the coastal areas, therefore different cultures and languages evolved due to the different environment conditions.3.Native Americans had developed a relative high civilization (somecould plant maize and bean, some could build dams and big houses with many rooms, while others could also weave clothes and make pottery). They had collective ownership of means of production and women in some tribe enjoyed high status.4.Native Americans believed that everything in nature hadspiritual power. Damaging the environment such as overfishing would offend the spiritual power in nature and get punished.5.The continent of America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, whomade many descriptions of the new continent in his letters and people then thought he had first discovered North America.P.293-294America I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.several times larger2.New Netherland3.West India4.make France the most powerful nation in Europe and NorthII C h oo s e t h e a n s w e r t h a t b e s t c o m p l e t e s t h e s e n t e n c e.1. D2. D3. D4. A5. BIII D e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s T R U E:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. FIV A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.Spanish colonists came to North America to find gold, to servetheir king and to spread their religion.2.People from many places lived together peacefully, they spokemany different languages, had different religions, they learnedto be tolerant and contributed to the diversity in today’sAmerica.3.King Louis XIV wanted to develop New France to make Francestronger than Great Britain and Spain by exploiting the naturalresources in New France.4.The major colonies established by major European powers includedNew Spain, New Netherland, New France and the British colonies inNorth America. Most colonies were established through the use offorce because European settlers were militarily more powerfulthan Native Americans who had only primitive weapons such asspears and arrows.P.297-298I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.Jamestown, Georgia2.P uritans wanted to be able to communicate with God directlythrough reading the Bible to understand God; education was alsoimportant in cultivating democracy among its citizens.3.build a school supported by tax4.diversified, cosmopolitan and tolerant5.rural and engaged in farmingII C h oo s e t h e a n s w e r t h a t b e s t c o m p l e t e s t h e s e n t e n c e.1. A2. D3. D4. C5. AIII D e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s T R U E:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.Because they were persecuted back in Britain and they wanted toestablish “a city upon hill” in the New World for the rest ofthe world to look upon.2.Because some colonies were merged in larger ones and there werethirteen colonies before the American War for Independence.3.The differences were a result of different climate patterns,different settlers and their values and beliefs.4.The M a y f l o w e r C o m p a c t was important because it expressedP.301-302people’s will to govern by themselves. It started the democratic election of leaders and people reached a consensus that they would abide by the just and equal laws passed by their chosen leaders.5.Slavery was mostly in the southern colonies because of the climate condition in the South where summer is long and hot while winter short and warm. The land is also rich. Therefore, natural conditions makes planting of cotton, tobacco and rice based on slavery profitable in the South (while the white were either unfit or too proud to till the land in the hot climate).I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1. a high degree of autonomy, liberties and democracy2.t hey were actually British subjects and needed Britishprotection3.t hey believed that only their chosen representatives had the power to tax them.4.the closing of the port of Boston, depriving the self-rule of Massachusetts5.appealing to the English king to abolish the Intolerable ActsII C h oo s e t h e a n s w e r t h a t b e s t c o m p l e t e s t h e s e n t e n c e.1. D2. A3. A4. D5. DIII D e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s T R U E:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.After the Seven Years’ War, Britain tightened its economic andpolitical control over the colonists, who resisted the Britishcontrol because they had been used to a high-degree autonomy anddemocracy.2.They were named the “Intolerable Acts” because the measureswere intolerable to the colonists. The Acts hurt the economicinterests and violated rights of the colonists. The acts includedclosing the port of Boston, the deprivation of self-rule ofMassachusetts and others.3.The colonists were united and they enjoyed the advantages ofbeing familiar with the home battleground. They also receivedforeign aid from France, Spain and the Netherlands.4.The Declaration of Independence is significant because itannou nced colonists’ belief (the first in the world) that allpeople are equal and have some natural rights (life, liberty,etc.) that cannot be violated. It also establishes a politicalprinciple that a government should protect people’s rightssince its power comes from people. If a government violatespeople’s rights, people then have the right to overthrow it andP.307-308establish a new one that can serve people well.The American Revolution is important because it gave birth to the first modern republic in the world. It is the first time that colonies defeated tyrannical oppressors and won independence, setting a good example for other colonies.5.Maybe the American Revolution could have ended in failure.I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.the expanded areas lied west to the earliest colonieslions of acres of land3.through war, purchase and threats.4.the Manifest Destiny5.opportunities to realize their dreamsII C h oo s e t h e a n s w e r t h a t b e s t c o m p l e t e s t h e s e n t e n c e.1. D2. BC3. D4. D5. DIII D e c i d e w h i c h o f t h e f o ll o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s T R U E:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TIV A n s w e r t h e f o ll o w i n g q u e s t i o n s.1.Politically, it laid the foundation for the U.S. to become aworld power; economically, it financed the American development;culturally, it is the source of many literary creations andhelped to forge the American national character.2.Many aspects of the American national character can find theirroots in the Westward Movement such as mobility, independence,optimism and creativity.3.It was in nature an excuse to justify their aggressive expansion.4.American Indians were the real owners of the land and surelyresisted the expansion of the whites. To get their land, thewhites repeatedly killed, expelled and mercilessly exploited theIndians. Many Indian tribes died out and the survivors weredriven to Indian reservations. Many Indians are still living inpoverty.5.Agriculture was greatly enhanced in the West; agriculture fed thepeople and revenue financed the American economic growth; it alsocontributed a great deal to the American Industrialization byproviding rich resources, cheap labor and a huge market forindustrial products.P.311-312I F ill i n t h e b l a n k s w i t h p r op e r w o r d s o r e x p r e ss i o n s.1.willingly。
(完整版)英美概况课后习题答案.docx
1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be dividedinto and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods:Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxonsand the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1.What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2.What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?----Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 markedthe beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government,and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1.What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2.What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engagedin agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxfordand Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1.What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2.Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of theservice industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1.What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2.What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teachwhat the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuitionfees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded thanmost state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of themare regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News ofthe World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation ’ s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded asa” melting pot” and a” salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrantscame in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl"in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at thesame time keep their distinct culture and customs.2． What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America ’s ecurity and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’ s entrance into the war.2.What were Nixon ’ s-knownwell contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’ s economic program?Reagan’ s economic program ledcal for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government ’roles in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’ smore, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore,they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruitof victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “ checks and balances ” , the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3.What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c)to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or nationallaws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4.What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms ofpolitical opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rightslaws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedomand demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice ofabortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas aboutthe American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2.What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1.How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American ’economics development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late20thcentury.2.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America ’ s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country ’economics development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121.How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the newworld , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。