高中英语高考语法知识讲解:句子成分和简单句的基本句型

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1.英语句子成分及简单句基本句型

1.英语句子成分及简单句基本句型

初高中英语语法衔接材料第一讲:英语句子成分及简单句基本句型一、英语句子成分句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

1.主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)2.谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。

高中句子成分详细讲解及基本句型结构

高中句子成分详细讲解及基本句型结构

英语句子成分详解一、英语句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。

句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。

1)主语subject主语是一个句子的主体,是全句叙述的对象,是句子要说明的人或事物,即表示句子所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于句首。

The girl can sing many English songs.We are students. / This is my pen. Y ours is on the desk.The blind need more help.To speak loudly in public is not polite.Smoking is bad for your health.2)谓语predicate谓语是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的动作或状态,常由动词担任,一般位于主语之后。

谓语有时态和语态的变化,且要和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

I love you. Y ou hate me. Y ou hurt my heart.I have an English-Chinese dictionary. He has one too.We can play the piano.She is talking with her sister. / I have seen this man before.3)宾语object宾语是谓语动词所涉及的对象,是谓语动词所表示动作的对象或承受者。

常由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式等担任,一般位于谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。

He is doing his homework. / I saw a plane in the sky just now.They did nothing this morning. / I met him on my way home.She wants to go home.We enjoy playing football.【注意】:某些及物动词之后要求有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人。

高中英语语法-句子成分讲解课件

高中英语语法-句子成分讲解课件
句子分类 简单句 复合句 并列复合句 主从复合句
五大基本句型 主谓 主系表 主谓宾 主谓宾宾补 主谓间宾直宾
2.2 谓语
定义:主语的动作或主语所具的特征和状态, 一般在主语之后。
2.2 谓语
I can swim.
She has finished the homework 分类 简单谓语:由一个动词I 或do动n’词t 短lik语e a构pp成les.
He likes reading.
复合谓语: 情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形
the parade.
形容词
He followed the order to walk along the street. 动词不定式
2 总结:句子成分
句子成分
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
表语
定语 状语
同位语
3.句子分类
My brother and I like apples.(并列主语) I like apples and dislike bananas.(并列谓语)
形容词 现在分词 过去分词
动词不定式 介词短语 副词 名词
2.5表语
定义:又叫主语补足语。 用于说明主语的身份、特征或状态。 一般位于系动词之后。
2.5表语
作表语的成分 I am a student It's hers. Time is precious. The war was over. Five plus two is seven. They seem to know the truth My hobby is reading.
介词短语
I waited to see you.
动词不定式
His parents died,leaving him an orphan. 分词 He was late because he got up late. 从句

句子成分和基本句型——备战新高考英语复习语法知识点全面梳理(全国通用)

句子成分和基本句型——备战新高考英语复习语法知识点全面梳理(全国通用)
He showed me a photo.
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+V+O+C)
They won’t let me go.
6. 主语+谓语+状语(S+V+A)
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 主谓 定 宾 同
↓ 状
语语 语 语 位


1.1 主语(subject)
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。由名词、代词或相当 于名词的成分来充当。
Apples are my favorite fruit.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
Is anybody in?
1.5 定语(attribute)
定语是对名词或代词起修饰作用的词、短语或句子,名词、代词、形 容词 、数词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等都可以作定语。
Guilin is a beautiful city.
He practices running every morning.
2、复GG合ee谓tt十大词类tuin语pge:uYHa实proe由luye词ha情miarsslayg态cyoiaso动kudegge词ohfpoot 或drathofbe其ouarbrd他oohcoueo助karlldhft动ho.e.ra词lttwh加.o 动we词ek原s×. 形√双构谓成语。

Once you begin, you must continue.
1.7 补语 (complement)

高三英语语法总复习《句子成分和基本句型的讲解》

高三英语语法总复习《句子成分和基本句型的讲解》

高三英语总复习语法句子成分和基本句型什么是句子?句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位.句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有.?!I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !句子包括哪些成分?现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。

英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。

掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

●1.主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首.The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.谓语:●谓语说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成.They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.表语:●表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面.I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.宾语●宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后.She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.宾语补足语●在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思.它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用.●它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词充当.● If you let me go, I’ll make you king.● Leave the door open.●We found John out when we arrived.● Make yourself at home.● I saw him enter the hall.● The boss keeps them working all day.● I heard my name called.状语●状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度.一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当.He did it carefully.Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.定语●定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语.● The black bike is mine.● What’s your name? A broken vase.● I have 5 books. A sleeping boy.● They made paper flowers.● The boy in the room is Jack.● I have something to do.● It is a swimming pool.种类类型主语S 谓语动词v 表语/宾语p宾语宾补oc第1种S+V We work第2种S+V+0He plays violin.第3种S+v+pWe are students第4种S+v+IO+DOshe gave me a pen.第5种S+V+O+OCHe made me laugh基本句型一:SVP(主+系+表)S│V(是系动词)│P1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。

高中英语:句子成分及基本句型

高中英语:句子成分及基本句型

句子成分及基本句型【初中句子成分及基本句型考点聚焦】一.英语句子的成分一般包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语和表语等七类。

(1)主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的对象。

由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式充当。

He is a student.他是一名学生。

(代词he 作主语)(2)谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征。

由动词或动词短语充当。

She loves cats.她喜爱猫。

(动词love 作谓语)(3)宾语:指谓语动作所涉及的人或物。

一般由名词或代词充当。

We speak Chinese.我们讲汉语。

(名词Chinese 作宾语)(4)定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限定或说明。

主要由形容词、代词、数词等充当。

I like light music.我喜欢轻音乐。

(形容词light 作定语)(5)补语:主要用于对宾语的补充和说明。

一般由名词、动词的非谓语形式、形容词充当。

He will buy me a gift.他将给我买份礼物。

(a gift 作宾语me 的补语)(6)状语:说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、方式或条件等。

一般由副词或状语从句充当。

He is watching TV at home.他在家看电视。

(at home 作状语指明动作发生的地点)(7)表语:说明主语身份、特征、属性和状态,位于系动词后面。

由名词、形容词等充当。

My father is a writer.我父亲是一名作家。

(a writer 作表语)二.六种基本句型分析下列句子成分1.Our school is not far from my home.2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you3.All of us considered him honest.4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.6.He made it clear that he would leave the city.7.---I love you more than her,child8.Tees turn green when spring comes.9.They pushed the door open.10.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.11.Don't get nervous,help yourself to what you like.12.We will make our school more beautiful.13.He didn't come.That is why he didn't know.14.She showed us her many of her pictures.15.The old man lives a lonely life.1.主语+系动词+表语2.主语+系动词+表语3.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主语+及物动词+宾语6.主语+动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+宾语7.主语+及物动词+宾语8.主语+系动词+表语9.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语10.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语11.主语+系动词+表语12.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语13.主语+系动词+表语14.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语15.主语+不及物动词【高中句子成分及基本句型考点聚焦】考纲解读句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

高二英语语法点拨:句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型

高二英语语法点拨:句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型

语法点拨1 句子成分和简单句的五种基本句型组成句子的不同部分叫句子成分。

具体说来,句子成分可分为:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语。

方便起见,分别用、____、、、()、[]、〈〉表示这7种成分。

一.主语主语是一个句子叙述的主体,说明句子讲的是谁或者是什么情况。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词以及从句来充当,常位于句首。

用“”标出下列句子的主语,并指出由什么来充当。

12.To say it is one thing;to do it is another.3.The rich should help the poor.4.What your mother said was true.5.Teaching is interesting.6. The first is the best.二.谓语谓语用来说明主语做了什么动作。

谓语由动词(或动词短语)充当,常位于主语之后1.Practice makes perfect.2.He has caught a bad cold.3.Man must eat in order to live.Ⅰ.用“____”标出下列句子的谓语。

1.We are studying English hard.2.You may go to play football now.3.He is fast asleep.4.Do you practise speaking English every morning?5.Mike has to look after his sick mother.6.I have been dreaming of being admitted into a top university.三.宾语词、动词不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和从句来充当。

用“”画出下列句子中的宾语,并指出由什么来充当。

1.I love China very much.2.Finally my father gave up smoking successfully.3.Do you understand what I mean?4. I like fruits.5.Everybody knows her.6.I want four.7. We should help the old and the injured8. I’d like to have some coffee.四.表语系动词后面的成分就是表语终止系动词主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意用“”画出下列句子中的表语,并指出由什么来充当。

高考英语语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句

高考英语语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句

高考英语语法复习一:句子成分;简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 (二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students. (四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: Our teacher of English is an American.(名词) Is it yours?(代词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) The speech is exciting.(分词) Three times seven is twenty one?(数词) His job is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) The machine must be out of order.(介词短语) Time is up. The class is over.(副词) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句) (五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如: They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词) The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词) They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词) He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语) I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语) I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句) 宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor. (六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如: His father named him Dongming.(名词) They painted their boat white.(形容词) Let the fresh air in.(副词) You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语) We saw her entering the room.(现在分词) We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语) We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句) (七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示: Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词) China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词) There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词) He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语) (八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示: Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组) He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语) He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语) He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语) Wait a minute.(名词) Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句) 状语种类如下: How about meeting again at six?(时间状语) Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语) I shall go there if it doesn't rain.(条件状语) Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语) In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语) She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语) I am taller than he is.(比较状语)

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高考英语句子成分和简单句的基本句型
一、句子成分
1、主语:
说明句子所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。

EG:
Lucy likes her new car very much. 露西喜欢她的新车。

【名词作主语】
He goes to and from schoolby bike every day.他每天都起得很早。

(代词作主语)
To learn English well is a challenge.学好英语是一项挑战性工作。

【不定式短语作主语】
2、谓语:
说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词充当。

例如:
We work hard.我们努力工作。

The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。

He is like his father. 他像他父亲。

注意:介词不能作谓语,必须与be动词连用,构成系表结构,一起作谓语。

谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。

EG:
Music is the utmost pleasure in life.音乐是人生最大的快乐。

As I take each bite, the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean
filling slowly fills my mouth.
3、宾语:
宾语是动作的对象。

由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,说明主语做“什么”。

EG:
Tom bought a story-book.汤姆买了一本故事书。

【名词作宾语】
I saw him yesterday. 昨天我看到他了。

【代词宾语】
He decided to run away from home. 他决定离家出走。

【不定式短语作宾语】
注意:宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语:
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语;合称双宾语。

EG:
I bought my sona box of Mark pens last night. 他给了我一些墨水。

间接宾语直接宾语
Our teacher told usaninteresting story. 老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。

间接宾语直接宾语
4、表语
说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”;与连系动词一起构成谓语,表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当;用在系动词后面。

EG:
I have been an English teacher since I graduated from university.
我的姐姐是一名护士。

【名词作表语】
Terry seems in low spirits today.特瑞今天好像情绪低落。

【介词短语】
Tom’s dream has become true already.汤姆的梦想已经实现。

【形容词作表语】
5、定语
修饰名词或代词的成分,除形容词外,还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语都可以作定语。

EG:
After years of hard work,his career began to take.
多年的努力工作之后,他的事业开始腾飞。

【形容词作定语】
Are these students your classmates? 这些学生是你班的吗?【形容词性物主代词作定语】Winter is the coldest season of the year.冬天是一年中最冷的季节。

【介词短语作定语】The building to be built next year will be our new teaching building.
明年将要修建的建筑物将是我们的新教学楼。

【不定式作定语】
The people here are very friendly.这里的人们非常友好。

【副词作定语】
注意:单个形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。

而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。

6、状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词,或修饰全句的成分叫状语。

作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。

EG:
Jack runs veryfast. 杰克跑得很快。

【副词作状语】
All these clothes are made by hand.shua。

所有的这些衣服都是手工制作的。

【介词短语作状语】
She will arrive in Shanghai on Friday. 她将于星期五到达上海。

【介词短语作状语】To pass the weekly test,he is studying very hard. 为了通过周考,他正在努力学习。

【不定式短语状语】
7、宾语补足语:
有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个成分来说明宾语的情况,意思才能够完整,这个成分叫宾语补足语。

宾语和补足语构成复合宾语。

EG:
They always call meLao Yang.
宾语宾语补足语【名词做宾补】
You must keep the roomclean and tidy.
宾语宾语补足语【形容词作宾补】
Mr. Yanginvited meto visit his new house in Huaihua.
宾语宾语补足语【不定式作宾补】
I had my old housepainted last week.
宾语宾语补足语
We found the girls in our classplaying games on the playground ten minutes ago.
宾语宾语补足语【现在分词作宾补】
句子成分巧记歌诀
主谓宾表定状补,七种成分记清楚。

句子主干主谓宾(表),枝叶成分定状补。

定语修饰主宾表,宾语之后常有补。

主谓人称数一致,状语位置最灵活。

二、简单句的基本句型
简单句:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子。

简单句分为5种基本句型:
1.主语+谓语(主语+不及物动词)
例1:My little sistercan swim very well. 我妹妹游泳游得很好。

主语谓语(不及物动词)
例2:The planehas already arrived. 飞机已经抵达。

主语谓语
2.主语+谓语+宾语(主语+及物动词+宾语)
例3:The poor passengerson the real Titanic saw the tip of the iceberg.
主语谓语宾语
泰坦尼克号上可怜的乘客们看到了冰山的顶部。

例4:The companymakesfilms . 这家公司制作电影。

主语. 谓语宾语
例5:Stanleyboughta flat last year. Stanley去年买了套公寓。

主语谓语宾语
3.主语+系动词+表语(主语+连系动词+表语)
例6:My motherisa scientist. 我母亲是个科学家。

主语谓语表语
例7:Shelooksyoung. 她看上去很年轻。

主语谓语表语
例8:The caketastes very yummy. 这蛋糕尝起来很美味。

主语谓语表语
4.主语+谓语+双宾语(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)
例9:My motherboughtmea dictionary yesterday. 我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。

主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语
例10:Canyougivemethe math book? 你能给我那本数学书吗?
谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语
例11:Willyoutellussomething about your school life?
谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语
你给我讲讲你们的学习生活,好吗?
5.主语+谓语+复合宾语(主语+及物动词+宾语+补语)
例12:Wemust keepour classroomclean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净、整洁。

主语谓语宾语宾语补足语
例13:My motherasksmeto speak English as much as possible.
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语
我母亲要求我尽可能多地讲英语。

例14:Iheardhersinging happily in the room just now.
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语
刚才我听到她在房间里高兴地唱着歌。

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