英语报刊选读作业答案11
英语报刊选读作业答案11
《英语报刊选读》作业答案
作业（1）
A. Multiple Choices.
1. A
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. B 9. C
10. A、D、E、H、I
B. Read the following statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F).
True: 1、4、5、8
False: 2、3、6、7
作业（2）
Keys:
1. Give the definition of the following terms.
1) feature
a prominent or special article, story, or department in a
newspaper or periodical.
2) editorial
an article in a publication expressing the opinion of its editors or publishers.
3) op-ed
of or being a newspaper page, usually opposite the editorial page, that features signed articles expressing personal viewpoints
4) inverted pyramid
The inverted pyramid is a traditional form of writing in which the news is stacked in paragraphs in order of descending importance. The lead summarizes the principal
items of a news event. The second paragraph and each succeeding paragraph contain secondary or supporting details in order of decreasing significance. All the paragraphs in the story contain newsworthy information, but each paragraph is less vital than the one before it.
Inverted-pyramid form puts the climax of a story at the beginning, in the lead.
5) lead
A lead is a terse opening paragraph that provides the gist of
the story and invites readers inside.
2. What is the difference between hard news and soft news? Hard news events, such as killings, and speeches by leading government officials, are timely and are reported almost automatically by the media. Soft news events, such as a car wash by a fourth-graders to raise money for a classmate with cancer, are not usually considered immediately important or timely to a wide audience. These events still contain elements of news, however, and the media often report them.
3. What is the difference between news and features?
A news story emphasizes the facts of the event, while the
feature displaces the facts to accommodate the human interest of the story.
4. What are the major criteria for newsworthiness?
Proximity
Prominence
Timeliness
Impact
Conflict and Controversy
Uniqueness
Human interest
5. What are the principles of news writing?
News writing tends to be:
1. Impersonal to make it appear objective (to distance the
reporter from the story) hence:
–Written in the third person
–Use of direct speech or indirect speech which is attributed to someone other than the reporter, –Some use of passive verbs but usually only when someone who is being quoted wants to distance
themselves from an issue and to show objectively
about n issue.
2. About something that has taken place so mostly written in the past tense.
3. Simple –In fact close to the way we talk –relatively
short sentences and words and some use of clichés which the whole audience understand.
4. Punchy –it must grab the reader’s attention so often uses:
–short rather than long words
–active verbs
–relatively short sentences
–concrete rather than abstract vocabulary
–sometimes emotive and colorful vocabulary
–some use (but not overuse) of adjectives
5. But also relatively formal hence:
–no use of contractions
–sentences written in full (no elision) or elliptical sentences
6. sometimes imagery is used to help create a clearer mental picture for the reader.
7. often including the reporter’s by-line and/or a date-line
6. Read the following headlines and analyze the features of
the language they use.
a) More Iraqis Said to Flee Since Troop Rise
When passive voice is used in headlines, “to be” is always omitted. Here “are” in “More Iraqis are said to flee…” is omitted. Nouns and noun phrases are often used in headlines to save space. Noun phrases which actually express actions or state are heavily used, and they are derived from verb phrases in order to make the sentences more compact and save space without lowering the amount of information conveyed. Instead of “since the troop rises”, noun phrase “troop rise” is used.
b) Insurgent raid kills 22 villagers
Most headlines use the present tense-despite the fact that they generally describe past events. The present tense gives the subject a sense of freshness and immediacy, making it more interesting to read. Instead of using “killed”, “kills” is used to describe what happened in the past.
Besides, the article “An” in “an insurgent raid” is omitted.
c) Bangladesh Sets Curfew To Curb Student Protests
Short words (i.e. midget words) are often used to conserve space in headlines, for example, “curb” in this headline. Besides, present tense “sets” is used to describe a past event.
d) Storm Death Toll in Midwest Climbs
1. Compact noun phrases are often used in headlines to save space.
2. Most headlines use the present tense-despite the fact that they generally describe past events.
e) Wall Street slightly lower as credit worries linger Rhetoric devices often used in the writing of newspaper headlines.
In this headline, Wall Street refers to the stock exchange, which is a metonymy. Another rhetoric device used here is rhyme (Correspondence of terminal sounds of words or of lines of verse), as we find in lower and linger.
f) China launches crackdown on inferior goods, unsafe
food
In order to conserve space in headlines, comma is sometimes used to replace “and”.
g) China to become U.S. third largest export market by
year end
In phrase headlines, infinitives are sometimes used to indicate a future action or event.
7. What do the following abbreviations and acronyms stand for?
1) CPPCC Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议
2) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (美国)国家航空和宇宙航行局
3) IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织
4) WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织
5) DJI Dow-Jones Index 道·琼斯指数
6) PM prime minister首相；总理
7. Read the following news story and answer the following
questions.
1. What is the headline of the report?
Sprawl puts houses in hot zones
2. What is the subheading of the report?
Lack of fire hydrants a growing problem
3. What is the byline of the report?
By Joseph Gidjunis
USA TODAY
4. What is the dateline of the report?
Salisbury, Md
作业三：社会群体与政治体制
Lesson 4
Answers to the questions
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. A
1. She feels blessed, because she has a chance to be who she
really is and does what she loves doing all day long.
2. Carol Ryff has defined well-being as the presence of six
qualities: independence, the ability to cope with complex demands, a feeling of growth as a person, good relationships, goals that give life meaning, and an acceptance of the self and the past.
3. Carol Tavris’ mother was treated as a patient. Her doctor
and therapist and husband were quick to ascribe all ills to her “condition”. They all regarded menop ause as a disease to be cured. Her doctor asked her a lot of questions, then wrote out a prescription for her and left her have the prescription filled.
4. Reverent Foster thinks that there is a lot of freedom in
midlife. She suggests that middle-aged women should let their past go, incorporate it into who they are now and step into the future.
Lesson 7
Answers to the questions
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. Because for many years, politicians spoke little about their
personal faith. Both Eisenhower and Kennedy were unwilling to talk about their own religious faith.
6. Because Eisenhower and Kennedy were operating in an
America where many Protestants, Catholics and Jews regarded each other as threats to the public good. Stirring up such feelings was dangerous.
7. Carter carried evangelical Christians, which helped him
sweep the South and run well in rural areas.
8. The author believes that there is a close relationship
between religion and politics, but candidates should keep religion within appropriate bounds.
Additional Reading
1. The border wall is planned to be built this fall to stem illegal immigration into America.
2. Landowners are concerned it may cut across their property, conservationists see it destroying crucial riverside habitat, and some activists see it inflaming ethnic tensions.
3. It is an expression of friendship between two mayors, two cities and two countries.
4. The border wall is needed to help block the swelling tide of illegal immigration as well as widespread drug and gun smuggling.
5. Because the Mexican government has failed its own people and Mexicans were forced to go north seeking jobs because of the poverty they faced at home.
作业四：家庭婚姻与教育卫生
Lesson 12
1. D
2. D
3. C
4. D
5. When they found their marriage flound ering over Stephen’s
inability to keep his promises, they attended a marriage-education course to learn the communication skills. After a while they felt that working on their marriage was all they were doing. To offset that feeling, they instituted a Thursday date night where discussion of anything serious is strictly forbidden.
6. He suggests couples set up weekly meetings to discuss
differences when they can be calm and open to new ideas.
7. They decided to renew their commitment to their marriage
instead of choosing divorce. The belief in commitment made them come through the crisis. The husband changed his outlook and got a job as a salesman. Today, their marriage is back on solid ground.
8. He thinks that as the betrayal causes deep hurt, the wounds
to heal will take a long time. He suggests that the one who has made the mistake has to work very hard to regain the trust of the other side.
Lesson 15
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. B
9. According to her, the reason is that medical inflation has
outstripped the increases in Medicare reimbursement and caused mounting losses.
10. Because the Congress intended to reverse the exodus from
the Medicare program.
11. He thinks that the Congress continues to pour money into
the coffers of Medicare H.M.O.’s in hop es of providing better care to America’s seniors. But the H.M.O.’s keep stranding hundreds of thousands of beneficiaries annually by either leaving the program or reducing benefits. So he believes that it is foolish even to consider throwing more money at this failed system.
12. What Richard Jones means is this: Medical cost inflation
has exceeded 20 percent a year over the last few years and has caused mounting financial losses. They can either stay in markets by reducing benefits or exit and lose the chance to serve Medicare beneficiaries. There is no other choice for them.
Additional Reading
1. Because of the recession and poor private housing prospects in the early 1990s.
2. The traditional American culture thinks of maleness and adulthood in terms of separation, particularly in moving away from home and mother.
3. This could lead to rises in family tension and even violence, but it may also improve relationship by giving children the chance to see their parents as independent adults rather than just as parents.
4. Parents should allow their children to behave as adults in a family home.
5. No. It is found that the benefit was not a factor in encouraging young single people to leave home for private accommodation. Even those entitled to it often did not claim. 作业五：工作生活与行为风尚
Lesson 20
Answers to the questions
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. B
9. Throughout the 1990s, Congress and the states took a
much tougher approach to programs such as unemployment insurance, welfare, Medicaid, and food stamps than they did in earlier decades.
10. Many part-time and temporary workers are more likely to
bear the brunt of a job drought because many companies lay them off first.
11. Many states will be under pressure to tighten up eligibility
rules even further because they have allowed their unemployment insurance reserve funds to run down in recent years, when the good times seemed to make them less urgent. With unemployment rising again, fewer workers are paying into the system just as more former workers need to take money out.
12. The safety net could still suffer a strain because a growing
glut of low-skilled workers means wages at the bottom are likely to sink.
Lesson 23
Answers to the questions
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
13. School dropout rates are lower, especially for
African-Americans. High school students are taking more challenging courses. Girls are closing the gender gap by taking more rigorous math and science classes. SAT scores are up from two decades ago. More and more kids are going
to college.
14. The way society viewed teens shifted dramatically around
the time of the Great Depression. Before then, teens worked and were considered virtually grown up. But facing a workplace without jobs, Depression youth turned to education as a consolation prize. As high school attendance rolls swelled, the status of teens as full-fledged members of society declined. Now that they were students rather than workers, they came to seem younger than before.
15. What’s distinctly different for today’s teenagers, experts
say, is the level of cultural negativi ty they’re exposed to, from the over-the-top sexuality in advertising, television, and film, to the prevalence of gun violence and family dysfunction. Their exposure to risk is so far beyond what other generations have dealt with.
16. Family plays a very important role in helping children
overcome the stresses. Kids who feel connected to home, family, and school are better protected from violence, suicide, sexual activity, and substance abuse. Adolescents also fare better if their parents are home as key times of the day. And teens whose parents had high expectations about
school also reported fewer emotional problems, such as suicide attempts or depression.
Additional Reading
1. The 2005 survey found that about three out of four companies regularly track which websites their employees visit. More than half use surveillance software to scour office e-mail (looking for hot-button keywords like sex in the subject line or body of messages). More than a third extend their snooping to monitor how much time workers spend at the computer, record their keystrokes or log their downloads. And one in four companies reports firing someone for improper e-mail use.
2. Heidi Arace and Norma Yetsko distributed via office e-mail what they thought was fun to share, which their bosses found offensive enough. As a result, the two longtime workers were fired.
3. Reasons why companies monitor their workers’ computer use include:
- to see to it that workers waste less time online and work more efficiently;
- to avoid legal trouble;
- to guarantee the security;
- to avoid the leakage of sensitive information.
4. Companies are using two types of spying software: network-based programs that monitor all traffic passing through a system, and programs that sit directly on an employee’s desktop.
5. They should know the company’s computer-use policy and comply with it. They should assume they’re being monitored, and behave accordingly. They should never bad-mouth the company online. They should not use personal e-mail accounts or post to a blog. They should avoid transmitting any message that could embarrass themselves or others if made public. They should not think instant messaging is less permanent than e-mail. When surfing the Web, they should never click on something flagged NSFW (not safe for work).
作业六：文艺体育、企业经济、社会问题
Lesson 28
Answers to the questions
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. The reasons for Armstrong’s success were his strong
interest in the sport, and his drive and ambition caused by his recovery from near-fatal testicular cancer.
6. Yes, because he thinks that the Tour de France is cycling’s most difficult and prestigious race.
7. He did not feel embarrassed about the testicular cancer but was proud of it. His recovery from the cancer gave him drive and ambition. He approached the sport with a whole new focus.
8. He says that he has never failed a drug test, that he takes no banned substances, and that no one who has faced cancer would take illicit drugs.
Lesson 31
Answers to the questions
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. Th e key issue is the contrast between Enron’s forecasts for its Internet business and the reality of the division’s multiplying problems last year.
6. He predicted that broadband would add $40 a share to Enron’s stock price over the next few years.
7. According to Skilling the company was caught by surprise by the sudden collapse of the Internet content delivery market
that Enron had hoped to turn into a profitable arena for trading.
8. Because Enron was not welcomed either by the dominant regional telephone companies or cable companies, each of which had their own strategies for high-speed Internet business.
Lesson 34
Answers to the questions
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. The statistics suggest that gang members are more likely to sell drugs, assaut innocent folk, steal cars and commit murder.
6. The data show that roughly half of the gang members had been involved in a drive-by shooting, 80% carried a concealed weapon and 50% reported taking guns to school.
7. Successful intervention programs must aim at boys at this stage.
8. The author believes that the society can help some of the gang members to turn over a new leaf by offering them decent regular jobs. One if four gang members said that they would quit the business for a regular wage of $6-7 an hour.