简述癫痫的部分性发作

Brief seizures partial seizures（简述癫痫的部分性发作）With the depth of epilepsy research, the more types of attack known change in classification of the seizures. However, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) in 1981, the development of the program of the International Classification of epileptic seizures is still widely accepted.随着对癫痫研究的深入，更多的发作类型被认识，癫痫发作的分类方法有所变更。

然而，1981年国际抗癫痫联盟（ILAE）发展的癫痫发作的国际分类方案仍然被广泛接受。

In the program, according to the clinical onset of symptoms and EEG seizures are divided into two categories: partial seizures and generalized seizures. Partial seizures of a focal area began in the cerebral cortex, and generalized seizures synchronicity began in the bilateral cerebral hemispheres. Some episodes are nondescript any one of those listed as unclassified seizures.该方案中，根据临床发作症状和脑电图情况将癫痫发作分为2大类：部分性发作和全面性发作。

部分性发作开始于脑皮层的某个局灶性区域，而全面性发作同步性开始于双侧大脑半球。

有些发作难以归类任何之一者则列为无法分类的发作。

Partial seizures of epilepsy further divided into simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures, secondary generalized tonic - clonic seizures.癫痫的部分性发作进一步分为简单部分性发作、复杂部分性发作、继发全面性强直-阵挛发作。

Conscious simple partial seizures defining elements for the attack. Most complex partial seizures with aura, this aura is a simple partial seizures. Simple partial hair including sensory, motor, autonomic, psychiatric symptoms, seizures. Any experience symptoms cortex may be a simple partial seizures. Diagnosis based on the same kind of experience associated with focal EEG changes repetitive stereotypy appear, or cause complex partial seizures or secondary generalized seizures, recurring harbinger. Partial seizures sometimes clinical diagnosis very difficult, because many cortical abnormal discharge stereotyped aura is not can be a good classic EEG recording, about 20-40% of the aura exacerbation of simultaneously recorded scalp EEG changes. Simple partial seizures can last anywhere from a few seconds to a few minutes. The aura lasts more than 30 minutes, and is defined as a simple partial status epilepticus.简单部分性发作定义要素为发作时意识清醒。

多数复杂部分性发作有先兆，这种先兆就是简单部分性发作。

简单部分性发包括感觉、运动、自主神经、精神症状性发作。

任何与脑皮层有关的症状体验都可能是一种简单部分性发作。

诊断根据伴有局灶性EEG改变的同一种体验重复性、刻板性出现，或引起复杂部分性发作或继发性全面性发作的、反复出现的先兆。

部分性发作有时临床诊断非常困难，因为很多脑皮层异常放电引起的刻板性先兆并不都能很好地通过经典EEG记录到，大约20-40%的先兆发作期同步记录到头皮EEG改变。

简单部分性发作可以持续数秒至数分钟。

先兆持续超过30分钟，定义为简单部分性癫痫持续状态。

The performance of complex partial seizures, impaired consciousness, practice, whether in the evaluation of medical history showed disturbance of consciousness is sometimes difficult. The most common way is to ask whether the patient remember the attack. Patients may remember the aura, but no response to the surrounding environment can remember. Typical complex partial seizures begins as acts of resistance, and then gaze automatism, after the onset of insanity. Automatism including chewing speechless (lip), furans language, groping. Complex partial seizures in temporal lobe origin often contralateral upper limb dystonia sexual positions. The typical complex partial seizures for 60-90 seconds, and then after the onset of insanity. Systemic weakness, weakness, fatigue can persist for several days.复杂部分性发作时表现意识障碍，实践中，评价病史中是否表现为意识障碍有时很难。

最常用的方式是询问患者是否记得发作。

患者可能记得先兆，但能记住对周围环境无反应的情况。

典型复杂部分性发作开始表现为行为受阻，然后凝视、自动症、发作后精神错乱。

自动症包括咀嚼、咋舌（唇）、喃语、摸索。

中颞叶起源的复杂部分性发作常出现对侧上肢张力障碍性姿势。

典型复杂部分性发作持续60-90秒，之后出现发作后精神错乱。

全身性无力、虚弱、疲劳可以持续数日。

Frontal lobe origin of complex partial seizures can be characterized as bizarre motor behavior, such as: cycling or fencing posture; motion feature is more prominent than the origin of the temporal lobe; soon after the onset of recovery baseline; seizures usually in clusters. Most com plex partial seizures period related EEG changes.额叶起源的复杂部分性发作特点可以为稀奇古怪的运动行为，如：自行车运动或击剑姿势；运动特征比颞叶起源者更突出；发作后很快恢复基线；发作通常呈簇。

大多数复杂部分性发作期有相关EEG改变。

Secondary generalized seizures usually aura began to progress for complex partial seizures and generalized tonic - clonic seizures, complex partial seizures or aura direct progression to generalized tonic - clonic seizures. Clinical mere history is hard to classify the primary or secondary generalized tonic - clonic seizures. In most cases due to the severity of secondary generalized seizures forgotten aura.继发性全面性发作通常先兆开始，进展为复杂部分性发作然后全面性强直-阵挛发作，也可以由复杂部分性发作或先兆直接进展为全面性强直-阵挛发作。

临床上单凭病史很难分类原发性或继发性全面性强直-阵挛发作。

多数病例因继发性全面性发作的严重性而遗忘先兆。

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