英语语言学

expressive function, and the social function. descriptive function. For example: “China is a large country with a long history.”expressive function For example: “I will never go window-shopping with her.” The social function For example: “We are your firm supporters.”

2. What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study?

答：The major branches of linguistics are:(1) phonetics: it studies the sounds used in linguistic communication;(2) phonology: it studies how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication;(3) morphology: it studies the way in which linguistic symbols representing sounds are arranged and combined to form words;(4) syntax: it studies the rules which govern how words are combined to form grammatically permissible sentences in languages;

3. What are suprasegmental features? How do the major suprasegmental features of English function in conveying meaning?

答：The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features. The main suprasegmental features include stress, intonation, and tone. The location of stress in English distinguishes meaning. There are two kinds of stress: word stress and sentence stress. For example, a shift of stress may change the part of speech of a word from a noun, to a verb although its spelling remains unchanged. Tones are pitch variations which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes.Intonation plays an important role in the conveyance of meaning in almost every language, especially in a language like English. When spoken in different tones, the same sequence of words may have different meanings.

5.What is the Cooperativen Principle?

To converse with each other, the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate; otherwise, it would not be possible for them to carry on the talk. This general principle is called the Cooperative Principle.

6. What are interlingual errors and intralingual errors?

The interlingual errors mainly result from cross-linguistic interference at different levels such as phonological, lexical ,grammatical or discoursal,ect

The intralingual errors mainly result from faulty or partial learning of the target language, independent of the native language .

7. Identify five individual differences in second language acquisition?

a. Language aptitude

b. Motivation

c. Instrumental motivation

d. Integrative motivation

e. Learning strategies

f. Resulative motivation

expressive function, and the social function. descriptive function. For example: “China is a large country with a long history.”expressive function For example: “I will never go window-shopping with her.” The social function For example: “We are your firm supporters.”

2. What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study?

答：The major branches of linguistics are:(1) phonetics: it studies the sounds used in linguistic communication;(2) phonology: it studies how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication;(3) morphology: it studies the way in which linguistic symbols representing sounds are arranged and combined to form words;(4) syntax: it studies the rules which govern how words are combined to form grammatically permissible sentences in languages;

3. What are suprasegmental features? How do the major suprasegmental features of English function in conveying meaning?

答：The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features. The main suprasegmental features include stress, intonation, and tone. The location of stress in English distinguishes meaning. There are two kinds of stress: word stress and sentence stress. For example, a shift of stress may change the part of speech of a word from a noun, to a verb although its spelling remains unchanged. Tones are pitch variations which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes.Intonation plays an important role in the conveyance of meaning in almost every language, especially in a language like English. When spoken in different tones, the same sequence of words may have different meanings.