非谓语的完成式、进行式、被动式和否定式
非谓语动词大全

非谓语动词不定式(infinitive)I.基本形式:“to+动词原形”。
有时to可省略。
不能作谓语,没有人称和数的变化。
既具有动词的特征----可以有自己的宾语和状语,又具有名词,形容词和副词的句法功能。
II.不定式的主动语态与被动语态:a. 一般式:表示谓语动词的动作与不定式的动作几乎同时发生,或发生在谓语动作之后。
We must learn to speak EnglishI want to be a scientist when I grow up.b. 完成式:表示不定式的动作早于谓语动词的动作发生。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.It’s a good thing for him to have been criticized.c.进行式:表示谓语动词的动作发生的时候,不定式的动作正在进行。
He seems to be waiting for somebody.He pretended to be listening attentively.注:在某些结构中(尤其做宾语时,不定式虽然表被动,但是用主动形式表示。
1)在的there be句式中,不定式的主动式可表被动的意思。
There is no matter to drink here.2)当不定式与前面的名词构成动宾关系,又与另一代词或名词构成主谓关系,这时不定式的主动可以表被动。
We have many difficulties to overcome.The next thing for them to do is to sweep the floor.He has no one to take care of.3)当不定式做表语形容词的状语,又和句中的主语构成动宾关系,这时不定式的主动形式表被动意味。
常可这样用的形容词一般1有以下几个:easy ,difficult , afraid, hard ,heavy ,pleasant, nice, dangerous, important, interesting, bitter, light 等。
专题九 非谓语动词

2.不定作表语
1) My idea is to climb the mountain now. 2) My aim is to be a good teacher.
3.不定式作定语
不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后
I have a lot of books to read.
我有很多书要读。
感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面作宾补的不定式不带to。 He made a face and made everybody laugh. 他做了一个鬼脸, 逗得大家都笑了.
如果上述结构变为被动语态 使役动词和感官动词后原来不带to的不定式要加 to。 (let, have无被动语态)
6. 作状语
◆ Hearing the good news , he jumped with joy .
reading ( read ) ◆ He sat at the table , __________ China Daily . Being asked ◆______________ (ask) to answer the question, she couldn’t refuse. ◆__________ Working ( work ) hard , you will succeed .
跟v-ing做宾语的词或短语
(1)只接V-ing形式作宾语 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on ,can’t help…
非谓语动词有3种形式(1)

非谓语动词有3种形式(1)非谓语动词有3种形式:不定式、动名词和分词主动被动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done to have been done一作主语1.To see is to believe.2. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English.3. It’s foolish of h er to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.二作表语1. His aim is to win the first prize.2. All we can do is (to) wait.One’s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…三作宾语1. He demanded to be told the truth.2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.(decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one’s mind + to do)3.I don’t know what to do.(decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do)4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be.四作宾补或主补1. I’ll have him say something at the meeting.have sb do = get sb to dofeel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do但被动语态要+ to, let 例外Listen to me read the text.He is often listened to to sing the song.He was let go by the police.2. He ordered his men to fire.wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request sb to dosuggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.It’s said that he is doing the work of next year.sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) doneIt + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….六作定语1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的人4. the house to be built next year比较: the house being built now / build last year七作状语(目的、原因、结果或条件)目的to / in order to / so as to结果enough to / too…to / so…as to / such…as to / only to1. The bus stopped to pick up passengers.2. He set out early in order to / so as to catch the first bus.= In order to / To catch the first bus he set out early.3. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.4. I hurried to school only to be told it was a holiday.only to do sth 表示出于预料之外的结果不定式的否定形式She kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.不定式的完成和被动式The book seems to have been translated into English.但是: The book is difficult to understand.I have a letter to write / a lot of work to do.He is to blame for the accident.Ⅱ动名词具有名词的性质主动被动一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done一作主语1. Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.2. It’s no use / no good / useless doing sth. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.3. Being forced to leave the classroom made him feel embarrassed.二作表语1. My job is teaching English.比较: One’s dream / aim / ambition / The first step is to do sth.动名词作表语, 可与主语交换位置, 句子成立; 现在分词则不能。
专升本英语非谓语动词ppt课件

③ 作介词/短语动词的宾语: 主语 + 谓语 + 介词+ doing
prefer…..to…..
look forward to
be used to
e.g. ①ShS.e+
put off give up
skaetepthoenre
with+oudotinsgpeaking.
②③IAlroeoykscfeouaenfculoc`tleiruhekwdeesleipandrdtotolivseinegintghherime aalognaien?.
(4) 不定式作状语
• 表示目的、原因、结果或条件 • I came here to see you. (目的) • We were very excited to hear the news. (原因) • He hurried to the school to find nobody there. (结果) • To look at him,you would like him.(条件)
不定式的时态
一、不定式的一般式 to+动词原形,所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的或 是在其后发生的 She was seen to enter the hall. (was seen与to enter两个动作 同时发生) I have some new to tell you. (to tell所表示的动作发生在have 之后)
2) 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:
tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain… know, show, discover, see(understand) • He taught us how to use the tool. • No one could tell me where to get the book. • I hope you’ll advise me what to do.
非谓语动词的各种形式

不定式不定式有六种形式:主动被动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done to have been done完成进行式to have been doing不定式一般式的主动和被动,在句中除了谓语动词,能做其他一切成分。
主动表示不定式与逻辑主语间是逻辑主动关系;被动表示不定式与逻辑主语间是逻辑被动关系。
1.一般被动式:不定式的语态是由逻辑主语与不定式的关系决定的,被动关系就要用被动式。
在句中作与主动式一样的成分。
作定语时与所修饰的名词有逻辑主谓和逻辑解释这两种关系,主要是逻辑主谓关系He likes to be flattered(宾)他喜欢被人奉承。
You are lucky to be guided by Professor White (状)你们由怀特教授教授作指导,真幸运。
She asked to be sent to work in Tibet(宾)她要求去西藏工作He ordered the work to be started at once(宾补)他下令马上开始工作。
It might not be a bad idea for this word to be deleted(主)删去这个字,倒是一个不错的主意。
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room(主补)这些书不许带到室外。
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next session(定)请告诉我下次会议要讨论的题目。
He seems to be taken to America(表语)他好像要被带去美国。
He had no chance to be sent aboard(定)他没机会被派往海外。
2.进行式:表示动作正在发生,与所在句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
非谓语动词比较用法

(3)can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事;
can’t help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙干… I couldn’t help shaking with so few clothes on. 穿这么少的衣服我禁不住打起哆嗦。 I can’t help to clean the place up. 我不能帮助打扫这里了。
Your papers need/want /require /deserve checking/to be checked again.
咱们继续玩游戏吧
2、动词try, regret, forget, remember, can’t help, mean, go on等跟不定式和动词的-ing形式皆可,但意 义相差很大. (1)try to do sth. 尽力做某事;
try doing sth. 试着做某事。
He tried to stand up but failed. 他试图站起来,但没成功。 Let’s try telling him about the sad news. 咱们试着把这个不幸的消息告诉他。
The shop is closed. 商店关门了.(分词) The door was closed by the wind. 门被风吹上了。 (被动)
6、动名词和现在分词作表语与进行时态形式相同。动名 词作表语说明主语的内容;现在分词作表语说明主语的性 质、特征,状态,而现在进行时态说明正在进行的动作。 现在分词被动语态不作表语。如: My job is teaching young children to climb mountains. 我的工作就是教孩子如何爬山。 (动名词) I was teaching the children maths when you passed by. 你经过时我正教孩子数学。 (进行时态) What you teach is very interesting. 有趣。 (分词式形容词) 你所教的科目很
非谓语动词 语法讲解
作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题: 并行结构问题, 如:Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 一些结构: A) 在 It’s no use/good/useless+ doing sth 如:It’s no use quarrelling with such a fellow 注意比较:It’s not good to eat too much meat. B) 在 It’s + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。 It’s easy for us to study English well. It’s considerate of you to bring us so many books.
大部分介词后跟动名词, 但极少 数要加不定式。
I have no choice but/except to wait. = I can do nothing but wait.
difficulty trouble There is problem (in) / are/ fun doing I/we have pleasure a good time a hard time
1. The flowers ____ B sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (04上海) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
看性质
动名词
表 语
看性质
不定式
doing
分词
done
主动、进行、 令人……的
被动、完成、 感到……的
非谓语动词(现在分词)
3.作补语
有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补
1)感官动词:see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at 2)使役动词:have get catch leave set 值得注意的是:要想用现在分词来作宾补 只能是用于这些词后 但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词(有些后面可以 加不带to的不定式作宾补)
分词
分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们 都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充 当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语, 表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的 性质,所以又是类动词的一种。
现在分词 (表进行) 时态\语态 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done
9)现在分词的独立主格 独立主格,又叫独立结构。它有逻辑上的主语,是一 个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。 独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句隔开。 独立主格结构可分为两部分,一部分是名词或代词 (主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、 副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前 面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。 在句中作状语 要注意它不是句子 就是分词的逻辑 主语不和句中主语保持一致 也就是拥有了自己的独自 的逻辑主语 那么也就是该用独立主格的时候了. Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.冬天 来了 天变的越来越冷了 注意这句话 it在句中指代的是”天气”
一般式
过去分词 (表被动) done (表示完成)
现在分词
现在分词(Present Participle)(又称-ing形式、 现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,一般式doing ,一 般被动式being done, 完成式having done, 完成 被动式having been done ,所有否定式都是在- ing前面加not, 包括独立主格形式.
2021届高三英语二轮(新高考)复习专项导练:非谓语动词
2021届高三英语二轮(新高考)复习专项导练:非谓语动词命题趋势非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一,它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同,同时还要注意它所表达的逻辑关系,这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来,新高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出,所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有:现在分词和过去分词基础知识;现在分词和过去分词句法功能;现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析;现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成;现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外,对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能;对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
考点清单一、非谓语动词作状语1.不定式作状语①表示原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后),如:We were very excited to hear the news.①表示目的(可用so as to/in order to替换,但so as to一般不可置于句首),如:To get there on time I got up very early.①表示结果(常表出乎意料的结果,常为only to do),如:He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.2.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别(1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
如:Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.(2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
如:Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示被动关系,其前不用being。
这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
非谓语表格
非谓 语动 词 时态 主动 语态 被动 to be done 表达意义 复合结 构 否定式
动作在谓语动词后发 for sb. to 一般式 to do 生 do sth. 不定 动作与谓语动词同时 在“to”前加 not 进行式 to be doing ------或 式 发生 或 never of sb. to to have 动作在谓语动词之前 do sth. 完成式 to have done been done 发生 一般 动作与谓语动词同时 sb.或 sb ’s 在前加 not doing being done 式: 发生 doing 特别注意复合结 v.ing 作主语 构的否定式: 形式 having been 动作在谓语动词之前 要用 sb’s not doing 完成式 having done done 发生 sb’s sb’s not having doing done v.ed 表示完成和被动 ------在前加 not 形式 done
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第1讲非谓语的完成式、进行式、被动式和否定式考点1.非谓语的完成式把非谓语的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生时间相比较,如果非谓语的动作先于谓语动作发生时,非谓语用完成式。
非谓语用完成式还是一般式,与谓语本身是什么时态无关。
如:①He is reported to have been killed in the accident.②He was reported to have been killed in the accident.在①句中,谓语是一般现在时,在②中,谓语用的一般过去时,但后面非谓语用的都是完成式。
在①中,“is”表明现在报道,但“他在车祸中死亡”仍先于报道发生,所以后面不定式用完成式;在②中,“was”表明过去报道,但“他在车祸中死亡”仍先于报道发生,所以后面不定式也用完成式。
因此,非谓语用完成式还是一般式,只与谓语、非谓语动作发生的先后有关,与谓语本身的时态无关。
注意:①动名词的完成式常可以用一般式来代替:I remember having lent you $100, but you haven’tpaid it back.也可以说:I remember lending you $100, but you haven’t paid itback.I am sorry for breaking your cup.也可以说:I am sorry for having broken your cup.②非谓语的完成式一般不用作定语:Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted the words _____ in his heart for years.A. filling; having been hiddenB. filled; hiddenC. filling; hiddenD. filled; hidden答案:B1.【2010湖南】Dina, for months to find a jobas a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. strugglingB. struggledC. having struggledD. to struggle2.The boy often gives a satisfactory answer to theteacher’s question, ___ just a minute. So he is usually the teacher’s pet.A. thoughtB. having thoughtC. and to thinkD. thinking3.【2008陕西】around the Water Cube, we werethen taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. Having shownB. To be shownC. Having been shownD. To show4.【2012重庆】______to work overtime that evening, Imissed a wonderful film.A. Having been askedB. To askC. Having askedD. To be asked5.【2008福建】___ in the queen for half an hour, theold man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car.A. WaitingB. To waitC. Having WaitedD. To have waited6.He felt it a great honor ____ to visit me when I was inhis city.A. to have been takenB. to have takenC. having takenD. being taken7.Tom pretended ___________ it, but in fact, he knewit very well.A. not listen toB. not to hear aboutC. not to have heard aboutD. not to listen8.I don’t know whether you happen _____ , but I’mgoing to study in the U.S.A. this September.A. to be heardB. to be hearingC. to hearD. to have heard9.I’m sorry ____ you so much trouble. And thank youfor you help.A. to giveB. to have givenC. givingD. gave10.【2008江西】I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but hedidn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone.A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. having promotedD. to be promoted11.________ the homework made his father lose histemper.A. The boy’s not having doneB. The boy not having doneC. The boy’s having not doneD. The boy having not done12.It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot oftime that he ought to have spent on his lessons.A. to have playedB. playingC. playedD. having played考点2.非谓语的进行式When the teacher entered ,the pupil pretended to be doing the experiment.He is thought to be hiding in the woods.13.My son pretended _______ when I came back.A. to sleepB. sleepingC. being sleepingD. to be sleeping14.【2011上海】Today we have chat rooms, textmessaging, emailing…, but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lost 考点3.非谓语的被动式15.Who is the man ____now?A. operating onB. operated onC. being operated onD. to be operated on16.The question ______ now at the meeting is not thequestion ______ yesterday.A. discussed; discussedB. discussing; had discussedC. being discussed; discussedD. discussing; discussing17.We asked ___ to work in the countryside.A. to be sentB. to sendC. to be sendingD. sending18._______ to sunlight for too much time will do harmto one’s skin.A. ExposedB. having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed19._______ twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or atruck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. Being examinedB. ExaminedC. ExaminingD. Having been examined考点4.非谓语的否定式,是在非谓语前面直接加not非谓语动词的否定形式形式非谓语动词位置例句一般形式不定式放在不定式符号前,如果是省略不定式形式放在动词前I want not to go home. I let him not go home.He promises never to go there again.He got up early so as not to (in order not to) miss thetrain.动名词放在动名词前Excuse me for not coming earlier.分词放在分词前Not knowing this, he didn't come.Not having told when to start, he came late.特殊形式不定式主动形式否定意义He was too excited to speak.动名词no和without引导的短语No smoking. He left without saying good-bye20.Having no money but ____ to know, he simply saidhe would go without dinner.A. not to want anyoneB. wanted no oneC. not wanting anyoneD. to want no one21.As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not_________, and asked myself what I was going to do.A.movedB. movingC. to moveD. being moved22.I regret ____ hard at school, or I would havesucceeded in passing the exam.A. not to workB. having not workedC. to have not workedD. not having worked23._______ a letter, he decided to send a telegram.A. Not receivingB. Receiving notC. Not having receivedD. Having not received24.The purpose of new technologies is to make lifeeasier, ______ it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make25.【2008江苏】—They are quiet, aren’t they?—Yes. They are accustomed ___at meals.A. to talkB. to not talkC. to talkingD. to not talking写作专练1.非谓语的完成式、进行式、被动式和否定式(P错误!未定义书签。