研究生英语综合翻译
研究生英语综合教程UNIT3课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)PDF版
UNIT 31. Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you, specifically, what the values are that Americans live by. They have never given the matter much thought.2. Even if Americans had considered this question, they would probably, in the end, decide not to answer in terms of a definitive list of values. The reason for this decision is itself one very American value —their belief that every individual is so unique that the same list of values could never be applied to all, or even most, of their fellow citizens.3. Although Americans may think of themselves as being more varied and unpredictable than they actually are, it is significant that they think they are. Americans tend to think they have been only slightly influenced by family, church or schools. In the end, each believes, “I personally chose which values I want to live my own life by.”4. The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs, assumptions and values of that particular group. When you encounter an action, or hear a statement in the United States that surprises you, try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed here.5. Before proceeding to the list itself, we should also point out that Americans see all of these values as very positive ones. They are not aware, for example, that the people in many Third World countries view some of these values as negative or threatening.In fact, all of these American values are judged by many of the world’s citizens as negative and undesirable. Therefore, it is not enough simply to familiarize yourself with these values. You must also, so far as possible, consider them without the negative or derogatory connotation that they might have for you, based on your own experience and cultural identity.Personal Control over the Environment6. Americans no longer believe in the power of Fate, and they have come to look at people who do as being backward, primitive, or hopelessly naive. To be called “fatalistic” is one of the worst criticisms one can receive in the American context; to an American, it means one is superstitious and lazy, unwilling to take any initiative in bringing about improvement.7. In the United States, people consider it normal and right that Man should control Nature, rather than the other way around. More specifically, people believe every single individual should have control over whatever in the environment might potentially affect him or her. 1.大多数美国人在谈起其赖以生存的价值观时会感到力不从心。
(完整word版)《高等学校研究生英语综合教程-上》原文+翻译(个人整理方便学习)
上册Unit OneTRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS David G. Jensen核心员工的特征大卫·G．詹森1 What exactly is a key player? A "Key Player" is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. I asked a client - a hiring manager involved in a recent search - to define it for me. "Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. On my team of seven process engineer and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without," he said. "Key players are essential to my organization. And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that: the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. We recruit only key players." 1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。
研究生英语综合教程上部分课后题答案及翻译(修订版)
Unite 1P151.Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate/alleviate(减轻，降低) that risk.作为一个未来的员工,你的工作是帮助招聘经理降低风险。
2.You need help them identify(认定，认同) you as prospective/expected(预期的，未来的) “key player”.你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。
3.Kelly was outstanding and outshone/surpassed(优于,超过) every other player on the field.凯利非常出色，胜过了球场上所有其他球员。
4.Better still,develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates/originates(发动，创建) collaborations.更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人之间，培养一个良好的声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人。
5.He is a former scientist who transitioned/transferred(转变，改变) to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position.他之前是一名科学家，许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级经理的职位。
6.The unions mobilized/organized(组织) thousands of workers in a protest(抗议，游行) against the cuts.协合会组织了一场数以千计的工人游行来抗议裁员。
研究生学术综合英语test阅读答案及翻译
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy 51. Which of the following is true about Olson?关于Olson，以下哪项是正确的He taught economics at the University of Maryland.他在马里兰大学教授经济学。
52. Which of the following represents Olson's point of view?以下哪项代表奥尔森的观点？Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.保护个人财产权可以促进财富的积累。
53. What does Olson think about mass production?奥尔森如何看待批量生产？It's property intensive.这是财产密集型54. What is the basis for the banking system?银行体系的基础是什么？A contract system that can be enforced.可以强制执行的合同系统。
55. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?奥尔森认为，第三世界国家经济欠佳的原因是什么？Lack of secure individual property rights.缺乏安全的个人财产权。
56. What is the other economists' opinion about the poor economies of the Third World?其他经济学家对第三世界的贫困经济有何看法？A free market is not let to determine the prices and quantities of goods.自由市场不允许确定商品的价格和数量。
复旦研究生综合英语课文阅读翻译
Unit6 媒体与克隆的伦理性如果要给当代关于克隆的争论找出一个守护圣徒的话，安迪·沃荷当之无愧。
沃荷不仅认为每个人都有15分钟的成名时刻，例如律师、哲学家、神学家以及在伊恩·维尔穆特成功克隆多利羊后，发现他们自身特长成为有线电视台夜间道德评论节目热捧对象的生物伦理学家；沃荷同时将“克隆”也就是同一现象的重复复制推向了大众文化的中心。
除了复制玛丽莲·梦露图片和金宝汤图案以外，人类现在克隆了羊。
遗憾的是，主导目前克隆争论的正是沃荷夸大其词的能力，而不是他的智慧和另类观点。
如果我们用评判一篇有说服力的哲学或法律分析的标准去武断地评判评论员文章、受欢迎的脱口秀和夜间广播节目，那会有失公允。
但大众媒体应该更多地将有思想的公共讨论引向关于人类和非人类动物克隆的法律、道德、政治、医学和科学角度。
《自然》杂志公布了伊恩·维尔穆特从一只成年羊乳细胞中成功克隆出多利羊的消息后，我和我在哈斯汀斯研究中心的同事们一样，接受了几家媒体采访。
虽然采访前我向一家洛杉矶电台广播员清楚地表明我不是一个神学家，也不代表任何宗教组织，但录音时我还是被出乎意料地问到上帝如何看待克隆以及克隆是否“违背自然创造”。
可以想像，广播员不希望讨论宗教伦理学家如何就克隆道德性问题进行早期公开演说。
相反，他只是想让我对此有一个剧烈的回应，然后无神论者、不可知论者以及各式各样的宗教信徒就会蜂拥地打电话到广播电台。
除了不停地给公众灌注夸张的惊呼声和文字版本以外，媒体们一致将焦点放在涉及克隆人的问题上，却几乎一点也不关注克隆非人类动物所带来的道德影响。
我们当然要讨论克隆人的伦理性，但克隆非人类动物已经发生并值得引起人们思考其伦理性问题。
虽然我怀疑我们能否为克隆动物找到具有说服力的论证，但不应该忽视实际上进行这样的论证与仅仅假设非人类克隆总是没有问题的这两者之间的区别。
很显然，人类很多时候已经把非人类动物视为商品，比如作为食物来源。
研究生综合英语2复旦大学版（修订本）中英文翻译
要善于恭维他人，重要的一步就是要懂得为什么恭维会有助于你建立更好的人际关系。
恭维之所以奏效，最根本的原因是恭维符合了人类行为的一个基本原则：人们渴望得到赏识。
尽管文化背景各不相同，但绝大多数人都有类似的想法。
在亚洲文化中，人们对群体赏识的渴求一般要强于对个体赏识的渴求。
但不管怎样，人们渴望赏识是普遍存在的。
很多人认为，工作本身带来的乐趣要比外界赏识包括恭维更为重要。
工作的乐趣也许是一种巨大的动力，但是即使是那些从工作中得到极大乐趣的人如科学家、艺术家、摄影师也渴望得到恭维和认可，否则他们就不会去竞争诺贝尔奖或在重要的展览会上展示他们的作品了。
恭维之所以奏效，还因为他与人们对认可的正常需要有关。
尽管有一些关于恭维的书和文章问世，并对恭维极力进行宣扬，但是大多数人还是没有得到应有的赏识。
很多人无论在工作上或在家里都很少受到赞美，所以对认可的渴求就更加强烈了。
An important step in becoming an effective flatterer is to understand why flattery helps you establish better relationships with others. The root cause of the power of flattery gets at a basic principle of human behavior: People crave being appreciated., The vast majority of people are of the similar idea despite different cultures. In Asian cultures the desire for group recognition is generally stronger than the desire for individual recognition. Nevertheless, the need for recognition is present.Many people hold that the joy of work itself is more important than external recognition, including flattery. The joy of work may be a powerful motivator, but even those who get the biggest joy from their work--- such as scientists, artists, and photographers --- crave flattery and recognition. Otherwise they wouldn’t compete for Nobel Prizes or enter their work in important exhibitions.Another reason flattery is so effective relates to the normal need to be recognized. Although some articles and books have been written and preached zealously about flattery, most people receive less recognition than they deserve. Many people hardly ever receive compliments either on the job or at home, thus intensifying their demand for recognition.认可：recognition 恭维：flattery 赞美：compliment鲜花是最常送的礼物之一。
研究生英语综合教程 课后翻译
研究生英语综合教程（下）1.Illogically,she had expected some kind of miracle solution.她本想会有种奇迹般的解决方法，这是不合理的事。
2.He stalked away,but with a gnawing uncertainty in his mind.他昂首阔步地走开，心里半信半疑，感到十分苦恼。
3.The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants.每个帐篷内部怎样布置，这要看各个使用者的性格了。
4.Doctors and injured both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe.医生和伤员常常谈起一种神奇的药物，而且谈时几乎都带着一种惊叹的口气。
5.The answer had been there all of the time just out of reach.答案一直摆在那儿，可是没人弄到手。
1.The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily bearing fruit trees.屋后是个宽敞的院子，大部分都给果实累累的果树占了。
2.Out of sheer joy she waved.她纯粹出于高兴，才挥了挥手。
He wanted to tell John how surprised he was at his knowledge but embarrassment made him hold his peace.3.他想告诉约翰，他没料到他的只是这么渊博，但是觉得有点不好意思，没有说出口。
4.Three rains had passed, and it was that lean season when the village's store of grain and other dried foods from the last harvest was almost gone.3个雨季过去了，正到了青黄不接的时候。
研究生英语综合教程上 unit5原文翻译
Unit FiveThe term yoga comes from a Sanskrit word which mean s yoke or union. Traditionally, yoga is a method joining the individual self with the Divine, Universal Spirit, or CosmicConsciousness. Physical and mental exercises ar e designed to help achieve this goal, also called self-tran scendence or enlightenment. On the physical level yoga postures, called asanas, are designed to tone, strengthen, and align me body. These postures are performed to ma ke the spine supple and healthy and to promote blood fl ow to all the organs, glands, and tissues, keeping all the bodily systems healthy. On the mental level, yoga uses b reathing techniques (pranayama) and meditation (dydna )to quiet, clarify, and discipline the mind. However, exp erts are quick to point out that yoga is not a religion, but away of living with health and peace of mind as its aim s. “瑜伽”这个词源于梵语，意思是“结合”或“联合”传统上瑜伽是一种把个人和神，万物之灵或无穷的意识联合在一起的方法。
研究生英语综合教程上readingmore中英对照翻译
Unit1 Why we work ?Lawyers practice a difficult and demanding profession. They expect to be well compensated.律师们从事的是一项要求很高又费神的职业。
他们期待优厚的报酬。
In thinking about what that means, it can help to consider the basic question, “why do we work ?在思考这句话的含义时，考虑一下这个基本问题会对我们有所帮助：“我们为什么工作？”Samuel Johnso n supplied an obvious answer when he famously observed , ” No man but a blockhead ever wrote, expect for money.”塞缪尔·约翰逊在他的著名论断“除了笨蛋没有人会写作，除非为了钱。
”中显然给出了答案。
But I am not being paid to write this artcle , and instead of labeling myself a blockhead, let me refer to the insight of eminent psychologist Theodor Reik:”Work and love-these are the basics. Without them there is neurosis.”但我写这篇文章时并没有人付我钱，而且我非但不会把自己当作傻瓜，还想引用一下著名的心理学家西奥多·赖克的深刻见解：“工作和爱——这是基本需求。
没有这两样，人就会得神经官能症。
Why do we work ? For money, but also for sanity.我们为什么工作？为钱，也为有明智的头脑。
研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译
研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What doesn't kill you can actually make you stronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive.诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达。
Unit2 Commercialization and Changes in Sportsmercialization has not had a dramatic effect on the format and goals of most sports. In spite of the influence of spectators, what has occurred historically is that sports have maintained their basic format. Innovations have been made within this framework, rather than completely dismantling the design of a game. For example, the commercialization of the Olympic Games has led to minor rule changes in certain events, but the basic structure of each Olympic sport has remained much the same as it was before the days of corporate endorsements and the sale of television rights. 商业化对于大多数体育运动的结构和目标没有太大的影响。
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1 研究生英语综合教程(下)系列教材翻译参考译文 Unit 1 Pleasure only gets you so far. A rich, rewarding life often requires a messy battle with adversity. 愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义 The Hidden Side of Happiness 幸福隐藏的另一面 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better. Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it." 1、飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流飘筏失事、坠机、黄昏小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找到这些 但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。他们 可能都会这样说：“希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。” We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There is a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. Positive reactions to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest. In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives have in some ways improved. 2、我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正心理 学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有 的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会迸发出来。对那些令人极度恐惧的经历作出积极回应的并不 仅限于最坚强或最用勇敢的人。实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在 某些方面有了改善。 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What doesn't kill you can actually make you stronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound—or even eventually thrive. 3、诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科 的研究领域。这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理：大难不死，意志弥 坚。创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分 成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来----甚至最终会成功发达。 Those who weather adversity well are living proof of one of the paradoxes of happiness: We need more than pleasure to live the best possible life. Our contemporary quest for happiness has shriveled to a hunt for bliss—a life protected from bad feelings, free from pain and confusion. 4、那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生例证：为了尽可能的过上最的生活，我们 所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩是小到只追求福气： 一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。
========1======== This anodyne definition of well-being leaves out the better half of the story, the rich, full joy that 2
comes from a meaningful life. It is the dark matter of happiness, the ineffable quality we admire in wise men and women and aspire to cultivate in our own lives. It turns out that some of the people who have suffered the most, who have been forced to contend with shocks they never anticipated and to rethink the meaning of their lives, may have the most to tell us about that profound and intensely fulfilling journey that philosophers used to call the search for "the good life." 5、这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面----一种富有意义的生活带来的那种丰富、 完整的愉悦。那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质----是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并 渴望在我们生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。事实证明，一些遭受困难最多的人---他们被 迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义---或许对那种深刻的、给人 以强烈满足感的人生经历（哲学家们过去称之为对“美好生活”的探寻）最有发言权。 This broader definition of good living blends deep satisfaction and a profound connection to others through empathy. It is dominated by happy feelings but seasoned also with nostalgia and regret. "Happiness is only one among many values in human life," contends Laura King, a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia. Compassion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity—sometimes only the trials of adversity can foster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. To live a full human life, a tranquil, carefree existence is not enough. We also need to grow—and sometimes growing hurts. 6、这种对美好生活的更为广泛的定义把深深的满足感和一种通过移情与他人建立的深切联 系融合在一起。它主要受愉悦情感的支配，但同时也夹杂着惆怅和悔恨。密苏里大学哥伦比 亚分校的心理学家劳拉·金认为：“幸福仅仅是许许多多人生价值中的一种。”慈悲、智慧、 无私、洞察力及创造力----有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端 的情形才能被迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。只过安宁的、无忧无虑的生活是不足以体验 一段完整的人生的。我们也需要成长----尽管有时成长是痛苦的。 In a dark room in Queens, New York, 31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr believed she was dying. A few months before, she had stopped taking the powerful immune-suppressing drugs that kept her arthritis in check. She never anticipated what would happen: a withdrawal reaction that eventually left her in total body agony and neurological meltdown. The slightest movement—trying to swallow, for example—was excruciating. Even the pressure of her cheek on the pillow was almost unbearable. 7、在纽约市皇后区一间漆黑的房间里，31 岁的时装设计师特蕾西.塞尔感到自己已是奄奄一 息。就在几个月前，她已经停止服用控制她关节炎的强效免疫控制药。她从没预见接下来将 要发生的事：停药之后的反应最终使她全身剧烈疼痛，神经系统出现严重问题。最轻微的动 作---比如说试着吞咽----对她来说也痛苦不堪。甚至将脸压在枕头上也几乎难以忍受。 Cyr is no wimp—diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis at the age of 2, she'd endured the symptoms and the treatments (drugs, surgery) her whole life. But this time, she was way past her limits, and nothing her doctors did seemed to help. Either the disease was going to kill her or, pretty soon, she'd have to kill herself. 8、塞尔并不是若懦弱的人。她在两岁时就被诊断得了幼年型类风湿性关节炎，一生都在忍 受着病症和治疗（药物、手术）的折磨。但是这一次，她实在不堪忍受了，她的医生所做的 一切似乎都不起作用。要么让疾病结束她的生命，要么她就得很快了结自己的生命了。