机械专业英文翻译大作业

NC Tech nology

1、R esearch current situation of NC lathe in our times

Research and developme nt process to such various kinds of new tech no logies as numerical control lathe , machining center , FMS , CIMS ,etc. of countries all over the world, linked to with the international economic situation closely. The machine tool industry has international economy to mutually promote and develop, enter 21 alert eras of World Affairs, the fun cti on that people's kno wledge plays is more outsta nding , and the machine tool industry is regarded as the foundation of the manufacturing industry of the machine, its key position and strategic meaning are more obvious. Within 1991-1994 years, the economic recession of the world, expensive FMS, CIMS lowers the temperature, among 1995-2000 years, the intern ati onal economy in creases at a low speed, according to requisition for NC lathe and the world four major intern ati on al lathes exhibiti on in order to boost productivity of users of various fields of present world market (EMO , IMTS , JIMTOF , China CIMT of Japan of U.S.A. of Europe), have the analysis of the exhibit, there are the following several points mainly in the tech ni cal research of NC lathe in our times.

(1) Pay more atte ntio n to new tech no logy and inno vati on

Worldwide , are launching the new craft , new material , new structure , new unit , research and development of the new component in a more cost-effective manner, developmental research of for instance new cutter material , the new electric mai n shaft of mai n shaft structure , high speed , high-speed straight line electrical mach inery ,etc.. Regard inno vat ing in improveme nt of the process ing tech no logy as the foundation, for process ultra and hard difficult to cut material and special composite and complicated part , irregular curved surface ,etc. research and develop new lathe variety con sta ntly.

? Improve the precisi on and research of machi ne tooli ng

In order to improve the machining accuracy of the machining center , are improving rigidity of the lathe , reduction vibration constantly, dispel hotly and out of shape, reduce the noise , improve the precision of localization of NC lathe , repeat precision , working dependability , stability , precision keeping, world a lot of country carry on lathe hot error , lathe sport and load out of shape software of error compe nsate tech ni cal research, take precisi on compe nsate , software compe nsate measure improve , some may make this kind of error dispel 60% already. And is develop ing retrofit con sta ntly, nano meter is being processed.

(3) Improve the research of the machine tooling productivity

World NC lathe, machining center and corresponding some development of main shaft , electrical machi nery of straight line , measuri ng system , NC system of high speed, un der the prerequisite of boosti ng productivity.

⑷ What a lot of coun tries have already beg un to the nu merical con trol system melt in tellige ntly, ope nly, study n etworkedly

a、e lligent research of the numerical control system

Mainly showing in the following aspects: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, the self-adaptation to the processing course is con trolled, the craft parameter produces research automatically; Joi n the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, to the feedback control , adaptive operation , discerning automatically load selects models automatically , since carries on research whole definitely ,etc. of the electrical mach inery parameter; There are such research of the respect as in tellige nt automatic program ming , i ntellige nt man-mach ine in terface , in tellige nce diag nosing , i ntellige nt mon itori ng ,etc..

b、T he numerical control system melts and studies open

Mainly showing in the following aspects: The development of the numerical control system is on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and support fin ally, through cha ngin g, in creas ing or cutti ng out the structure target (nu merical con trol target ), form the seriati on, and can use users specially convenien tly and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical con trol system of differe nt variety , differe nt grade fast, form leadi ng brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, norm , disposing the norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic fun cti on storehouse and nu merical con trol systematic fun cti on software develop ing in strume nt ,etc. are the core of prese nt research to pass through.

c、Meet ing the manu facture system of the producti on line , dema nd for the information integration of the manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, it is a basic unit of realizing the new manufacture mode too.

2、Classification of the machining center

(1) Process according to main shaft space position when it classifies to be as

follows, horiz on tal and vertical machi ning cen ter.

Horizontal machining center, refer to the machining center that the axis level of

the main shaft is set up . Horizontal machining center for 3-5 sport coordinate axis, a

com mon one three rectili near motio n coordi nate axis and one turn the coordi nate axis

of sports round (turn the work in gbe nch roun d), it can one is it is it finish other 4 Taxi process ing besides in stalli ng surfaces and top surfaces to in sert to in stall i n work piece, most suitable for processing the case body work piece . Compared with stre ngth type machi ning cen ter it, the structure is complicated, the floor space is large, quality is large, the price is high.

Sitti ng alon gside the all-new Focus, the Focus Vign ale Con cept on display at the Shan ghai Intern atio nal Motor Show is a on e-off desig n study that explores the pote ntial for future Focus derivatives.The Focus Vig nale Con cept takes its in spirati on and name from the renowned Italian designer, Alfredo Vignale (1913—1969), who has an historical connection with Ford ' s European design heritage.His Carrozzeria

Vign ale compa ny produced many stylish, coachbuilt sports cars duri ng the 1950''s and 1960”s and joined Ford Motor Company ' s De Tomaso Automobili in 1969. The

Focus Vig nale Con cept is actually two cars in on e-ideal for cha nging moods and en vir onmen

ts.Regardless of the weather, the Focus Vign ale Con cept con veys a strong emoti onal appeal that Ford desig ners believe will in spire longing and a touch of envy.

As a stylish and sporty coup that is just as appeali ng in autu mn and win ter mon ths, the car brings elega nee comb ined with rati onal attributes of luxury, comfort and safety.Its profile is dynamic and distinctive, and promises the rewarding driving experie nee that comes as sta ndard in all Ford cars.Yet at the push of a butt on, the coup d ransforms effortlessly into an open-top convertible. Its bootlid silently tilts open and its retractable hardtop folds backward to stow cleanly in the boot, morphing the vehicle to in spire carefree emotio ns of ope n-top, win d-i n-the-hair motori ng.As the car assumes its open-top role, the quality of craftsmanship and premium materials is clearly evide nt, highlighted by well-executed desig n touches in spired by the heyday

of the Italian sports car.Just one of these design facets in the Focus Vignale Concept sweep ing profile is the door han die. A modern executi on of desig ns found in Alfredo Vign ale''s spyders from the Sixties, it is elega ntly sculpted in a loze nge shape of polished alu minium. Yet, un like the Sixties orig in al, a simple, in tuitive fin ger push now activates the doorcatch electronically, allowing the door to be pulled open with style and attitude. Fini shed in a subtly soft and light exterior colour, Amalfi, which evokes seaside fresh ness, the Focus Vign ale Con cept visually com muni cates sophistication and luxury.The exterior is highlighted by the use of bright polished aluminium which evokes the chrome of past grand touring cars from Italy. A narrow, polished alumi nium strip stretches horiz on tally along the len gth of the vehicle at its sills, emphasis ing the con fide nee of the vehicle ' s sta nee, and it is mirrored by ano ther

horiz on tal strip at the lower edge of the side window graphic.The Focus Vign ale Con cept' s glass pan els are uniq uely coloured in Acqua, a -gussn tint that adds an air of exclusivity to its pers on ality and elega ntly subdues hues in side the vehicle whe n it is in coup moe fe. When the car transforms into a convertible, the resulting contrast when the sun streams onto the interior accentuates the

concept vehicle ' s dual personality.A new look grille, finished distinctively in chrome, also evokes a feeling that the Focus Vignale Concept could be from an expensive premium brand. Its horiz on tal bars clearly differe ntiate the con cept vehicle from the new Focus ran ge, hinting at a possible future desig n directi on .Lower alu minium touches con ti nue at the front and rear of the vehicle, giving visual emphasis to front air ducts and rear exhaust outlets and adding a bold strip along the edge of the bootlid between the tail lamps.Deep, passi on ately sculpted 20-i nch wheels with wide, sweep ing spokes provide an eye-pleas ing comb in ati on of polished alu minium outer surfaces with mach ined alu minium on visible inner surfaces .In side the Ford Focus Vign ale Con cept, the emphasis is on luxury and the same attention to craftsmanship found in the product ion Focus models.Subtle Acqua acce nts are also featured in the in terior.

Remini sce nt of Italia n sports cars ' seat stitch ing, the con trast of un derly ing Acqua

filetto treatme nts of Amalfi Light leather seat surfaces are a moder n in terpretati on that conveys luxury and attention to detail. The seat inserts feature horizontal ribbing, ano ther retro feature made more delicate and sophisticated in its con temporary executi on. The upper in strume nt panel is fini shed in Black Abal on e-coloured leather, while the lower is Amalfi Light suede. Metallic acce nts on the door pan els and steeri ng wheel spokes are ano ther link to the exterior desig n.Ford of Europe''s Desig n Group created a specoal team at its Dunton, England, design studio to create the Focus Vign ale Con cept. The team took adva ntage of powerful resources to desig n the concept vehicle entirely withen the digital environment, and record time.

Vertical mach ining cen ter, the axis of the main shaft of the vertical machi ning

center, in order to set up vertically, its structure is mostly the regular post type, the

work in gbe nch is suitable for process ing parts for the slippery one of cross, have 3 rectili near moti on coord in ate axis gen erally , can find a room for one horiz on tal

numerical control revoIving stage (the 4th axle ) of axle process the spiral part at work in gbe nch. The vertical mach ining cen ter is of simple structure, the floor space is small, the price is low, after allocati ng various kinds of en closures , can carry on the process ing of most work pieces .

Large-scale gantry machining center, the main shafts are mostly set up vertically, is especially used in the large-scale or with complicated form work piece , is it spe nd the many coord in ate gantry machi ning cen ter to n eed like aviati on , aerospace in dustry , some process ing of part of large-scale steam turb ine.

Five machining centers, this kind of machining center has function of the vertical and horizontal machining center, one is it after inserting , can finish all five Taxi process ing besides in stalli ng the surface to in stall in work piece, the process ing way can make form of work piece error lowest , save 2 times in stall and in sert work ing, thus improve producti on efficie ncy , reduce the process cost.

⑵ Classify by craft use

Is it mill machining center to bore, is it mill for vertical door frame machining center , horizontal door frame mill the machining center and Longmen door frame mill the machi ning cen ter to divide in to. Process ing tech no logy its rely mai nly on the fact that the door frame is milled, used in case body, shell and various kinds of complicated part special curve and large processes , curved surface of outl ine process, suitable for many varieties to produce in batches small.

Complex mach ining cen ter, point five times and compo und and process mainly, the main shaft head can be tur ned round automatically, sta nd, lie and process, after the main shaft is turned round automatically, realize knowing that varies in the horizontal and vertical directi on.

⑶ Classify by special fun ctio n

Sin gle work in gbe nch , a pair of work in gbe nch mach ining cen ter;

Single axle , dual axle , three axle can change machining center , main shaft of case;

Tran sfer vertically to the tower machi ning cen ter and tran sfer ;

One hun dred sheets of storehousesadds the main shaft and cha nges one one hun dred sheets of machi ning cen ters;

One hun dred sheets of storehouses conn ects and writes hands to add the main shaft and cha nge one hun dred sheets of machi ning cen ters;

One hun dred sheetsof storehouses adds the man ipulator and adds one pair of mai n shafts to tran sfer to the tower machi ning cen ter.

3、Development trend of the current numerical control lathe

At prese nt, the adva need manu facturi ng tech no logy in the world is rising con sta ntly, such applicati on of tech no logy as ultrafast cutt ing , ultraprecisi on processing ,etc., the rapid development of the flexible manufacturing system and in tegrated system of the computer one is con sta nt and ripe, have put forward higher dema nd to the process tech no logy of nu merical con trol. Nowadays the nu merical con trol lathe is being developed in several followi ng direct ions.

The graduation project is the subject of radial drilling spindle hole drilling fixture design. This paper in accordance with the general steps fixture design, the design of some of the followi ng: Through the parts an alysis, discussed the comp onents of the mach ining process, process desig n and order the type of hair embryo. Part of the an alysis through the developme nt of mecha ni cal parts process ing line, that the choice of surface process ing methods, prin ciples and process ing parts of

the preparati on. Fixture determ ine the overall pla n, in clud ing process ing methods, targeti ng programmes and positi oning error an alysis, clampi ng programme, cutti ng clampi ng force calculati ons.

The speed and precision at a high speed , high accuracy are two important in dexes of the nu merical con trol lathe , it concerns directly that processes efficie ncy and product quality. At present, numerical control system adopt-figure number, frequency high processor, in order to raise basic operation speed of system. Mean while , adopt the super large-scale in tegrated circuit and many microprocessors structure, in order to improve systematic data processing ability , namely improve and in sert the speed and precisi on of mending operati on. Adopt the straight li ne motor and urge the straight line of the lathe work in gbe nch to be servo to en ter to the way directly, it is quite superior that its responds the characteristic at a high speed and dynamically. Adopt feedforward con trol tech no logy , make it lag beh ind error reduce greatly , thus improve the mach ining accuracy cut in corner not to track.

For meet ultrafast dema nd that process, nu merical con trol lathe adopt main shaft motor and lathe structure form that main shaft unite two into one, realize frequency conversion motor and lathe main shaft integrate , bearing , main shaft of electrical mach inery adopt magn etism float the beari

ng , liquid sound pige on hole such forms as the bearing or the ceramic rolling bearing ,etc.. At present, ceramic cutter and diam ond coati ng cutter have already beg un to get applicati on.

Multi-functional to is it change all kinds of machining centers of organization (a of capacity of storehouse can up to 100 of the above ) automatically to furnished with, can realize milli ng pari ng , bori ng and pares , bores such many kinds of processes as pari ng , turning , ream ing , ream ing , attack ing whorl ,etc. to process at the same time on the same lathe , modern numerical control lathe adopt many main shaft , polyhedron cut also , carry on different cutting of way process to one different positi on of part at the same time. The nu merical con trol system has because adopted many CPU structure and cuts off the control method in grades, can work out part process ing and procedure at the same time on a lathe , realize so-called " the front desk processes , the backstage supporter is an editor ". In order to meet the n eeds of integrating the systematic one in flexible manufacturing system and computer, nu merical con trol system have remote serial in terface , can n etwork , realize data com muni cati on , nu merical con trol of lathe, can con trol many nu merical con trol lathes directly too.

Intelligent modern numerical control lathe introduce the adaptive control tech no logy, accordi ng

to cutt ing the cha nge of the con diti on, automatic working parameter, make the process ing course can keep the best work ing state , thus get the higher machi ning accuracy and rough ness of smaller surface , can improve the service life of the cutter and production efficiency of the equipment at the same time . Diag nose by on eself , repair the function by on eself, among the whole work ing state, the system is diag no sed, checked by on eself to CNC system and various kinds of equipment linking to each other with it at any time. While breaking down , adopt the measure of shutting down etc. immediately , carry on the fault alarm, brief on positi on , reas on to break dow n ,etc.. Can also make trouble module pers on who take off automatically , put through reserve module , so as to en sure n obody dema nd of working environment. For realize high trouble diagnose that requires , its developme nt trend adopts the artificial in tellige nee expert to diag nose the system.

Numerical eontrol programming automation with the development of applieati on tech no logy of the computer, CAD/CAM figure in teraetive automatic programming has already get more application at present, it is a new trend of the technical development of numerical control. It utilize part that CAD draw process pattern , is it calculate the trailing punishing to go on by cutter orbit data of computer and then, thus produce NC part and process the procedure automatically, in order to realize the integration of CAD and CAM. With the development of CIMS technology , the full-automatic programming way in which CAD/CAPP/CAM integrates has appeared again at present, it, and

CAD/CAM systematic programming great differe nee their program ming n ecessary process ing tech no logy parameter n eed n't by artificial to participate in most, get from CAPP database in system directly.

The dependability of the dependability maximization numerical control lathe has bee n the major in dicator that users cared about most all the time . The nu merical con trol system will adopt the circuit chip of higher in tegrated level , will utilize the extensive or super large-scale special-purpose and composite integrated circuit, in order to reduce the quantity of the components and parts , to improve dependability . Through the fun eti on software of the hardware, in order to meet various kinds of dema nds for eon trolli ng the fun eti on, adopt the module , sta ndardizatio n , universalization and seriation of the structure lathe noumenonn of the hardware at the same time , make not on ly improve the product ion lot of the hardware but also easy to is it produce to organize and quality check on.. Still through operating and starting many kinds of diag no stic programs of diag nosing , diag nosing , diag nosing off-li ne online etc. automatically, realize that diagnoses and reports to the police