高中英语定语从句用法讲解

关系代词的用法

英语中的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that和as。它们的用法如下：

1、who，whom的用法

who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。

In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry. 起初，买到西红柿的人常常会生气。(作主语)

The person (whom) you should write to is Mr. Ball. 你应该给他写信的人是波尔先生。(whom作宾语能省略)

His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818. 他很爱你的母亲，她于1818年去世了。（whom引导非限制性定语从句，作宾语但不能省略）

2、whose的用法

whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。

I have a friend whose father is a mayor. 我有个朋友，他父亲是市长。

We lived in a house whose window faces south. 我们住在窗口朝南的房子里。

3、which 的用法

which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。Today, fruit trees which once grew only in China can now be found in many parts of the world. 今天，那些曾经只在中国生长的果树能够在世界上许多地方看到了。（作主语，不能省略）

They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.他们需要一种不像水稻那样需要水的作物。（作主语，不能省略）

It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy.它用来记录乘客所购买的车票。(作宾语，可以省略)

He came late, which we all know. 我们都知道，他来晚了。（作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略）

4、that 的用法

that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指物时其用法和which大致相同，但也有区别。

All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力。（that指人，在从句中作主语，不能省略）

This is all (that) I can tell you. 这是我能告诉你的全部情况。（that指物，在从句中作宾语，常省略）

This is the best play that was written by Jack. 这是杰克写的最好的一个剧本。（that 指物，在从句中作主语，不能省略）

She is the only person(that) I can trust. 她是我唯一可以依赖的人。（that指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略）

5、关系代词that和which的区别

（1)相同点

这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；在从句中都可作主语或宾语；作宾语时都可省略。

The train that ( which ) has just left is for Shanghai.刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语)

The film that(which) we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。(作宾语，可省略)

（2）用that，不用which的情况

①当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。

all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little等不定代词时（something之后也可用which）。

To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。

Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗?

He answered few questions that the teacher asked.他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。

②当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。

The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。

③当先行词有the very，the only，the same等修饰时。

That’s the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。

Those are the very words that he used.那就是他的原话。

④当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。

They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。

They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们聊起他们所能记得起的学校里的人和事来，聊了约半个钟头。

⑤当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。

⑥当要避免与疑问词which重复时。

Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的?

⑦当先行词为the way, the time, the period等时，关系代词常用that，但通常被省略。

I don't like the way(that)you speak to her.我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。

（3）用which，不用that的情况

①引导非限制性定语从句。

Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。

Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much. 卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。

Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made the others unhappy. 桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。

②直接放在介词后作宾语时。

Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。

巧记that和which的区别：

that，which可互换，下列请况勿照办；that情况比较多，不妨对你说一说；不定代词这路货，全用that准没错；先行词前被限制，千万不要用which；

要用which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。

6、关系代词who与that的区别